Resumen El fenómeno del suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública mundial, tanto en términos económicos como de sufrimiento humano. El artículo se refiere a una investigación en el área de prevención y promoción de la salud realizada con un grupo de estudiantes, con edades entre 16 y 18 años, de una escuela pública del municipio de Carmo do Cajuru, MG. La investigación exploratoria y cualitativa fue posible gracias a la realización de grupos focales para la producción de datos, desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social. El material recopilado se analizó mediante el análisis de contenido. La investigación posibilitó conocer las representaciones sociales de los adolescentes sobre la adolescencia y el suicidio y verificar que son convergentes con la literatura existente. Se avanzó en la promoción de la vida en la medida en que se brindó un espacio de escucha y discusión sobre sentimientos y tabúes sobre estos temas. mundial humano estudiantes 1 años Cajuru MG datos Social contenido existente temas

Abstract Suicide phenomenon is an important public health problem worldwide in economic terms, as well as in terms of human suffering. The article refers to a research in the area of prevention and health promotion carried out with a group of students, aged between 16 and 18 years, of a public high school from the town of Carmo do Cajuru, MG. The exploratory and qualitative research was made feasible through the realization of focus groups for the production of data, from the perspective of Social Psychology. The collected material was analyzed from the Content Analysis. Through the research it was possible to know the social representations of adolescents about adolescence and suicide and to verify that they are convergent with the existing literature. Progress was obtained in life promotion as a space had been provided for listening and discussion about feelings and taboos about the themes. suffering students 1 years Cajuru MG data Psychology Analysis literature themes

Resumo O fenômeno do suicídio é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial, tanto em termos econômicos como em termos de sofrimento humano. O artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa na área de prevenção e promoção de saúde realizada com um grupo de estudantes, com idades entre 16 e 18 anos, de uma escola estadual do município de Carmo do Cajuru, MG. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório e qualitativo se viabilizou por meio da realização de grupos focais para a produção de dados, sob a perspectiva da Psicologia Social. O material coletado foi analisado a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. A pesquisa permitiu conhecer as representações sociais dos adolescentes acerca da adolescência e do suicídio e constatar que são convergentes com a literatura existente. Avançou-se na promoção de vida na medida em foi proporcionado um espaço para escuta e discussão sobre sentimentos e tabus acerca dessas temáticas. mundial humano referese refere estudantes 1 anos Cajuru MG dados Social Conteúdo existente Avançouse Avançou temáticas

This review article explores possibilities for transdisciplinary entanglements between the disciplines of critical psychology and literary criticism through a reading of the volume, 'Foundational African Writers', edited by Bhekizizwe Peterson, Khwezi Mkhize and Makhosazana Xaba. In this article, 'Foundational African Writers' is approached as a distillation of Peterson's investment in excavating the world-making activities, writing lives and activities of ordinary people as a central dimension of the project to decolonise the Humanities. As this edited volume attests, Peterson's creative and critical oeuvre continues to provoke thinking about the ways in which the reading of the African literary archive can assist in the wider project of decolonising and re-imagining intellectual and creative history in the Global South while also providing opportunities for new modes of thinking about personhood and psychic life in contexts of precarity, intergenerational trauma and economic exclusion.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety on turnover intention in healthcare workers. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study is a cross-sectional field research based on the quantitative descriptive survey model. A total of 234 volunteer healthcare workers participated in the research. To collect data for the study, a sociodemographic questionnaire prepared by the authors and three subject-related scales were used. Data were collected via Google Forms. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, worry and intention to leave work was found to be positive. The effect on intention to leave work of intolerance of uncertainty and worry was found to be positive. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In this study, 71.8% of the participants stated that they did not want to do their current job. This shows that healthcare workers are extremely dissatisfied with their situation and conditions. It would be appropriate for health system managers to work on improving factors such as working conditions, psychology of health workers and economic conditions. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: It is thought that the results of the study will contribute to the literature, health professionals and managers, and health policy makers.

ORIENTATION: Studies suggest that employees fairness perceptions of the workplace are positively linked to job performance. Employees associate perceptions of fairness in the workplace with transformational and transactional leaders. It is important to recognise that employees' personal resources can be compromised when they perceive a lack of fairness in the workplace. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study investigated the role of leadership styles and psychological availability on the relationship between fairness perceptions of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and job performance of employees, within the South African work setting. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Little is known about the association between the fairness perceptions of BBBEE and job performance. Also, less is known about the mediating variables that can influence this relationship. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Convenience sampling yielded 300 participants from whom data were collected. MAIN FINDINGS: The results showed that the perceived fairness of BBBEE had an indirect relationship with job performance by means of transactional leadership styles and psychological availability. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Achieving optimal job performance from this group of employees hinges on transactional leaders satisfying the needs of employees in return for employees meeting agreed-upon obligations. Furthermore leaders need to monitor the extent to which employees are psychologically available at work. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model was extended to demonstrate the impact that fairness perceptions of BBBEE have on organisational behaviour. The study also revealed that the fairness perceptions of BBBEE affect job performance through transactional leadership styles and psychological availability.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the psychometric validation procedure for the creation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) engine based on the theory of precision psychology and expert system-type machine learning algorithms. The focus is on individual coping strategies and the factor of reconciliation in victims of armed conflict in Colombia. A non-experimental methodology with a cross-sectional design was used, with a total of 363 participants. The results highlight that elements related to economic factors, individual condition, and political concerns in the victims explain the conditions required to generate a reconciliation process in the context of reintegrating into civilian life. It is concluded that the use of artificial intelligence enhances the process of psychological care by providing precision in the etiological information of the illness and the data, which enables discrimination between the health status, symptoms, and disease of the victims. AI (AI systemtype system type algorithms Colombia nonexperimental non experimental crosssectional cross sectional used 36 participants factors condition life data status symptoms 3

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi determinar como os sentimentos racionais e irracionais dos investidores afetam o retorno e a volatilidade do mercado brasileiro. O papel do sentimento nos mercados financeiros ainda é um assunto recente, controverso e limitado, e este estudo explora essa relação no mercado brasileiro. As evidências desta pesquisa se somam ao número limitado de estudos sobre o sentimento do investidor em mercados emergentes e ampliam as evidências já documentadas no Brasil. Espera-se que nossos resultados tenham impacto sobre investidores, formuladores de políticas e autoridades monetárias. Os investidores devem estar cientes dos fundamentos econômicos ao formularem suas estratégias de investimento e também ao escolherem as ações que irão compor seus portfólios. Os formuladores de políticas e as autoridades monetárias devem levar em conta o sentimento ao formular estratégias políticas, econômicas e monetárias, pois as mudanças econômicas podem afetar a psicologia do investidor e se refletir em suas negociações no mercado de ações. Os índices de confiança do consumidor e empresarial foram usados como proxies para o sentimento do investidor e foram regredidos em relação a um conjunto de fundamentos econômicos para isolar seus componentes racionais e irracionais. Em seguida, modelos vetoriais autorregressivos foram estimados e funções de resposta a impulsos e decomposições de variância foram geradas para verificar o impacto do sentimento sobre o retorno e a volatilidade do Ibovespa. Há três resultados principais. Primeiro, o sentimento do investidor afeta tanto o retorno quanto a volatilidade do mercado brasileiro. Segundo, os fundamentos econômicos foram importantes determinantes dos retornos e da volatilidade no mercado brasileiro, indicando que a negociação fundamental induzida pelo sentimento racional teve um efeito maior do que a negociação induzida pelo sentimento irracional. Terceiro, em termos de magnitude, o sentimento baseado no consumidor teve um impacto maior do que o sentimento baseado nos negócios. brasileiro recente Brasil Esperase Espera portfólios seguida Ibovespa principais Primeiro Segundo irracional Terceiro magnitude negócios

Abstract This article aimed to determine how rational and irrational investor sentiments impact the return and volatility of the Brazilian market. The role of sentiment in financial markets is still a recent, controversial and limited subject, and this study explores this relationship in the Brazilian market. The evidence from this research adds to the limited number of studies on investor sentiment in emerging markets and extends the evidence already documented in Brazil. Our results are expected to have an impact on investors, policymakers and monetary authorities. Investors must be aware of economic fundamentals when formulating their investment strategies and also when choosing the stocks that will make up their portfolios. Policymakers and monetary authorities should take sentiment into account when formulating political, economic and monetary strategies, as economic changes can affect investor psychology and be reflected in their stock market trading. Consumer and business confidence indexes were used as proxies for investor sentiment and were regressed against a set of economic fundamentals to isolate their rational and irrational components. Then, autoregressive vector models were estimated and impulse response functions and variance decompositions were generated to verify the impact of sentiment on the return and volatility of the Ibovespa. There are three main results. First, investor sentiment impacts both returns and volatility in the Brazilian market. Second, economic fundamentals were important determinants of returns and volatility in the Brazilian market, indicating that fundamental trading induced by rational sentiment had a greater effect than trading induced by irrational sentiment. Third, in terms of magnitude, consumer-based sentiment had a greater impact than business-based sentiment. recent subject Brazil investors portfolios political components Then Ibovespa First Second Third magnitude consumerbased consumer based businessbased

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the current Cuban context, the community, based on the municipality, is of great importance for local development. Given the demand for the sciences to contribute to its improvement, the role of community psychology becomes relevant. From this reference, it was developed an investigation whose general objective was: to analyze the articulation of personal and institutional social networks for the satisfaction of the needs of four communities of Havana and Artemisa. For this, the following specific objectives were set: to diagnose the needs of four communities in Havana and Artemisa, to characterize the personal participation networks for the satisfaction of community needs, to characterize institutional social networks for the satisfaction of community needs, and to compare the networks based on the communities and the sociodemographic characteristics of the inhabitants. Methods: A mixed design was used. The fundamental techniques were: semi-structured interview and name generator. The sample was made up of 251 institutional representatives and 1,379 residents. Results: They were noted physical (the most demanding), economic, cultural, of socialization and political community needs. Personal networks to satisfy community needs were small, articulated mostly from actions of spontaneous participation, and reflect relational vulnerability. The links between personal and institutional networks showed discrete scopes. Institutional social networks to satisfy community needs showed insufficient strength in their links and high degrees of centralization around the municipal government (Asamblea Municipal del Poder Popular). Institutions related to the same area of work were poorly connected to each other. In each municipality the generalities described were expressed in particular ways. The difficulties of articulation were more remarkable in Plaza de la Revolución municipality. Conclusions: in the four communities, the limitations for the articulation of personal and institutional social networks are mediating the dissatisfaction of community needs.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el contexto cubano actual, la comunidad, con base en el municipio, reviste gran importancia para el desarrollo local. Ante la demanda a las ciencias de contribuir a su perfeccionamiento, se hace pertinente el aporte de la psicología comunitaria. Desde este referente, se desarrolla una investigación que tuvo como objetivo general: analizar la articulación de las redes sociales personales e institucionales para la satisfacción de las necesidades comunitarias de 4 comunidades de La Habana y Artemisa. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño mixto. Las técnicas fundamentales fueron: entrevista semiestructurada y generador de nombres. La muestra se compuso por 251 representantes institucionales y 1379 pobladores. Resultados: Se constatan necesidades comunitarias físicas (más demandantes), económicas, culturales, de socialización y políticas. Las redes personales para satisfacer las necesidades comunitarias son pequeñas, articuladas mayormente desde acciones de participación espontánea, y reflejan vulnerabilidad relacional. Los enlaces entre las redes personales e institucionales muestran alcances discretos. Las redes sociales institucionales para satisfacer las necesidades comunitarias muestran insuficiente fortaleza en sus vínculos y altos grados de centralización en torno a la Asamblea Municipal del Poder Popular. Las instituciones relativas a una misma área de trabajo están poco conectadas entre sí. Las generalidades descritas se expresan de forma particular en cada municipio. Las dificultades de articulación sobresalen en Plaza de la Revolución. En conclusiones en las 4 comunidades las limitaciones para la articulación de las redes sociales personales e institucionales están mediando la insatisfacción de las necesidades comunitarias.

This article has as its main objective to associate the notions of the society of the spectacle, neoliberalism, and psychopathology. In the spectacular society, there is a supremacy of the image as the mediation of human relationships. In neoliberalism, on the other hand, we see a specific form of managing suffering, which turns the individual into something akin to a company, with risk management and performance analysis. From this, we observe a shift in the field of psychopathology, where terms like "efficiency" and "deficit" are introduced, indicating that, ultimately, everyone is disordered. Thus, in these societal molds, we perceive an individual who must increasingly demonstrate performance, updating the notion of pathology, which can be seen as one who does not produce and does not consume. In addition to this, this hegemonic discourse is supported by psychology and psychiatry themselves through the dissemination of diagnostic methods and the scientification of habits on social media, making these fields points of ideological and economic maintenance in today's society. Therefore, the individual in modernity becomes one who, exposed to diagnoses and clinical methods as if they were commodities, identifies with the diagnoses in a process that pathologizes life experiences. Faced with a demand for performance at all costs, the individual performs symptoms and diagnoses, which, being objects of consumption, can also represent social approval and no longer a reason for exclusion. Thinking in the field of psychopathology today means thinking beyond the dichotomy of health and disease but also about its capacity for social mobilization.

Esse artigo tem como principal objetivo associar as noções de sociedade do espetáculo, neoliberalismo e psicopatologia. Na sociedade espetacular, tem-se uma supremacia da imagem como mediação das relações humanas. Já no neoliberalismo, vê-se uma forma específica de gestão do sofrimento, que faz com que o sujeito seja semelhante a uma empresa, com gestão de riscos e análise de desempenho. A partir disso, observa-se uma virada no campo da psicopatologia, na qual termos como “eficiência” e “déficit” são inseridos, indicando que, em última instância, todos são transtornados. Assim, nesses moldes de sociedade, percebe-se um sujeito do qual é preciso cada vez mais demonstrar desempenho, atualizando a noção de patologia, que pode ser vista como aquele que não produz e não consome. Aliado a isso, têm-se o sustento desse discurso hegemônico pela própria psicologia e pela psiquiatria com a divulgação dos métodos diagnósticos e pela cientifização dos hábitos nas redes sociais, fazendo com que essas áreas sejam pontos de manutenção ideológica e econômica da atualidade. Assim, o sujeito na modernidade passa a ser aquele que, exposto a diagnósticos e métodos clínicos como se fossem mercadorias, se identifica com os diagnósticos em um processo que patologiza experiências da vida. Diante de uma exigência do desempenho a todo custo, o sujeito performa sintomas e diagnósticos, que sendo objetos de consumo, podem representar também aprovação social e não mais motivo de exclusão. Pensar no campo da psicopatologia hoje é pensar para além do binômio saúde e doença, mas também, na sua capacidade de mobilização social.

Resumen El concepto de bienestar subjetivo se refiere a la forma global, positiva o negativa, en la que las personas evalúan sus vidas y experiencias. La búsqueda de factores que expliquen el bienestar subjetivo, actualmente uno de los temas de mayor interés en la psicología, condujo al concepto de satisfacciones de dominios, que se entienden como los juicios que las personas hacen al evaluar los mayores dominios de vida. Este estudio correlacional tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación de la satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos, salud, vida universitaria y rendimiento académico, con los componentes cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción vital y felicidad, respectivamente), identificando cuáles de esos dominios lo predicen. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 344 estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana (50.9 % mujeres y 49.1 % hombres) con edades entre 18 y 29 años (. = 20.89; DT = 2.52). Los resultados mostraron una fuerte relación de todos los dominios con el bienestar subjetivo. La satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos y vida universitaria explicó la varianza de la satisfacción vital y la felicidad en forma diferenciada. Se concluye que: (a) el bienestar se afecta con la satisfacción de necesidades asociadas a los dominios cercanos e importantes para el individuo; (b) las satisfacciones de dominios impactan más el componente cognitivo del bienestar que el emocional; (c) el dominio económico satisface más necesidades cognitivas, la amistad suple necesidades emocionales, y la pareja, la familia y la vida universitaria satisfacen ambas.

Abstract The concept of subjective well-being refers to the overall positive or negative way in which people evaluate their lives and experiences. It is generally accepted that subjective well-being is made up of a cognitive component usually called satisfaction with life or life satisfaction and an emotional component usually referred to as happiness. The search for factors that explain subjective well-being is currently one of the most interesting topics in psychology and led to the concept of domain satisfactions, which are understood as the judgments that people make when evaluating the major domains of life. It refers to the perceived degree of satisfaction that we obtain from the way in which each of these main domains or areas of our lives are developed. This correlational study with predictive intent aimed at establishing the relationship of satisfaction in the economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance domains, with the cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness, respectively), identifying which of these domains predict well-being. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, was made up of 344 women and men (50.9 % and 49.1 % respectively) between 18 and 29 years of age (M = 20.89); SD = 2.52), students from an important Colombian public university based in the city of Palmira. The instruments, which include the Diener’s life satisfaction and Lyubomirsky and Lepper’s happiness scales, and simple items for each domain satisfaction studied (economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance) were answered in a format printed by 64 % of the participants and in virtual format by 36 %, according to their own choice. The results showed that all domain satisfactions were significantly related to both the cognitive and the emotional components of subjective well-being. The results also showed that except for satisfaction with health and academic performance, all other domain satisfactions predicted at least one of the components of subjective well-being. In general, domain satisfactions explained the variance of satisfaction and happiness much better than sociodemographic variables. Thus, it was confirmed that the psychological significance of events that occur in the main areas of people´s lives have much more relevance to well-being than situational factors such as sociodemographic ones. In a different sense, and order of impact, satisfaction with the economic domain, satisfaction with university life, and satisfaction with the couple emerged as the domains that had the greatest influence on life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and satisfaction with university life emerged as the strongest predictors of happiness. The results suggest that well-being is especially affected by the satisfaction of needs associated with the closest domains and more important to the individual. These would include the economic domain and relationships that involve affections, but also other domains that, for specific reasons, occupy a relevant place in the individual's internal hierarchy of importance, which may vary among cultures and even among people of the same culture. The above conclusion could explain, among other findings, the significant impact of satisfaction with university life on subjective well-being. The results also suggest that, in general, domain satisfactions have a greater impact on the cognitive component of well-being than on the emotional component, and that, in particular, domains such as economics fundamentally satisfy cognitive needs, friendship fundamentally satisfy emotional needs, and other domains such as couple, family and university life, satisfy both cognitive and emotional needs. This would demonstrate the importance of applying differentiated instruments to study the cognitive and emotional components of well-being.

Resumen El consumo se ha instaurado en las sociedades posmodernas como un medio regulador de las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la compra compulsiva se establece como patológica y genera un malestar psicológico significativo en las personas, al punto de deteriorar el funcionamiento social y profesional. A esto se suman graves problemas económicos como producto del endeudamiento. Bajo este escenario, los jóvenes son particularmente sensibles, ya que con el consumo acceden a objetos simbólicos que forman parte de su construcción de identidad. Una dimensión relacionada con la compra compulsiva y el acceso al consumo bajo elementos simbólicos es la discrepancia del yo, la cual establece la distancia entre quién soy y quién me gustaría ser de acuerdo a patrones sociales que motivan el consumo como extensión del sujeto y materialización de la propia identidad. En base a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la discrepancia del yo sobre las actitudes hacia la compra compulsiva en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple se aprecia que la discrepancia del yo físico (belleza), económico y el sexo son predictores significativos de la compra compulsiva. De igual manera, se observa que las mujeres son un grupo con mayores puntuaciones en cuanto a las compras compulsivas que los hombres, las cuales pueden verse mayormente afectadas por el contexto, y las campañas de marketing pueden influir en una mayor brecha entre el yo real y el yo ideal.

Abstract Consumption has been established in postmodern societies as a means of regulating social relations. In this context, compulsive buying could be established as pathological, creating significant psychological discomfort in people, to the point of impairing social and professional functioning, coupled with serious economic problems resulting from indebtedness. Along the same lines, in the construction of a social identity and a socially shared reality, consumption patterns arise that are linked to what the public should be and what they want to be. Therefore, while compulsive buying has been conceptualized for decades, it is a substantial threat to psychological and financial well-being. Few studies have explored the link between self-discrepancy and compulsive buying within an identity construction context. In this scenario, it is young people who become particularly sensitive, since with consumption they access symbolic objects that are part of their identity construction and a dimension related to compulsive buying. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that access to the consumption of symbolic elements is self-discrepancy. That is why this research aims at determining the effect of the self-discrepancy on attitudes towards compulsive buying in Chilean university students. The study uses a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. Study sample was comprised of 1 229 Chilean university students, who responded to the scale of attitudes towards consumption, the self-discrepancy scale, and answered questions for sociodemographic characterization including: gender (male/female), age, geographical area of residence (rural/urban), people with whom they live, and whether they have any bank credit cards. Prior to data collection, a letter was sent to Faculty Deans and Program Directors of all the universities associated with the Council of Rectors of Chile; these letters described the aims of the study, and requested information and authorization for the distribution of the instrument previously described. It is important to indicate that, after this, a random sampling process was initiated, after which each participant was contacted, so that they could sign an informed consent form, thus ensuring the anonymity ethical guidelines of the study. The data was processed through SPSS version 22 software, looking for the presence of univariate and multivariate outliers through Z-scores and Mahalanobis distance. A descriptive analysis of the variables was then carried out based on the dispersion, central trend and shape measurements. Subsequently, the data was analysed through bivariate statistics through Pearson correlations, to indicate into empirical relationships between compulsive purchase as a dependent variable and sociodemographic variables (sex and bank credit card holding) and the dimensions associated with the self-discrepancy (intellectual, physical, physical beauty, personal, social, emotional and economic) as independent variables. Once the behaviour of the variables was observed, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed. Regarding the results of this research, multiple linear regression shows that physical self-discrepancy (beauty), economic self-discrepancy and gender are significant predictors of compulsive buying. Similarly, it is noted that women are a group with higher scores in terms of compulsive purchases than men, which may be mostly affected by the context, where marketing campaigns can influence a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.

Resumen Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero. innovación velocidad mercados socioeconómicos servicios 197 industrial Brasil 13374 13 374 13.37 años escenario sujetos teórica crítica financiero 19 1337 1 37 13.3 133 3 13.

Abstract Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production. innovation speed flexibility markets sectors services 197 society Brazil expansion 13374 13 374 13,37 years scenario subjects groups socalled so called perspective article production 19 1337 1 37 13,3 133 3 13,

Resumo As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado. inovação rapidez mercados socioeconômicos serviços 197 industrial Brasil expressiva 13374 13 374 13.37 anos cenário sujeitos teórica crítica empírica vez artigo concluise conclui se financeirizado 19 1337 1 37 13.3 133 3 13.

Resumen En esta segunda década del siglo XXI, se acumulan grandes cuestiones que desafían a la humanidad, desde guerras hasta cambios climáticos y sus consecuencias, tales como desastres naturales, escasez de agua y pandemias, profundizando las desigualdades sociales. Tantos problemas que persisten a pesar del progreso tecnológico, económico y social logrado en los últimos dos siglos, nos llevan a reflexionar sobre cómo hemos llegado a este punto. Después de todo, ¿qué tiene sentido e importancia para los grupos y sociedades que habitan este planeta? Para la problematización de ese cuestionamiento, elegimos, dentro del pragmatismo estadounidense, la tradición interaccionista simbólica y el concepto de valor social fundamentado en la vertiente sociológica de la psicología social, con el objetivo de responder cómo ocurre el proceso de construcción de ese tipo de valor. Revisitamos, a partir de las tres vertientes del interaccionismo simbólico (tradicional, contemporáneo y estructural), el concepto definido por Thomas y Znaniecki (1927, 2006) y, por medio de esa integración teórica, proponemos una definición conceptual contemporánea de lo que es un valor social para proceder a la formulación de un modelo teórico acerca del proceso de construcción de valores sociales, abriendo espacio para comprender la dinámica entre las diferentes estructuras de la sociedad (macro) y la agencia de personas (micro) en la significación, resignificación e incluso abandono de esos valores. XXI humanidad consecuencias naturales pandemias sociales tecnológico siglos punto todo qué planeta cuestionamiento elegimos estadounidense Revisitamos tradicional, tradicional (tradicional estructural, estructural , estructural) 1927, 1927 (1927 2006 teórica macro (macro micro (micro significación 192 (192 200 19 (19 20 1 (1 2 (

Abstract In the second decade of the 21st century, great issues that challenge humanity, from wars to climate change, have been growing. The consequence of climate change, such as natural disasters, water scarcity, and pandemics, has deepened social inequalities. Many problems have persisted despite the technological, economic and social progress achieved in the last two centuries and make us reflect on how we ended up in this situation. After all, what makes sense and matters to the groups and societies that inhabit this planet? To address this issue, we chose, within American pragmatism, the symbolic interactionism tradition and the concept of social value, based on the sociological approach of social psychology, aiming to explain how the process of construction of this type of value occurs. We revisited, from the three versions of symbolic interactionism (traditional, contemporary, and structural), the concept set forth by Thomas and Znaniecki (1927, 2006). Through this theoretical integration, we propose a contemporary conceptual definition of what social value is in order to continue with the formulation of a theoretical model regarding the process of construction of social values, paving the way to understand the dynamics between the different social structures (macro) and the agency of human beings (micro) in the signification, resignification, and even abandonment of such values. st century humanity change growing disasters scarcity pandemics inequalities technological situation all planet issue chose pragmatism psychology occurs revisited traditional, traditional (traditional structural, structural , structural) 1927, 1927 (1927 2006. 2006 . 2006) integration values macro (macro micro (micro signification resignification 192 (192 200 19 (19 20 1 (1 2 (

Resumo Nesta segunda década do século XXI, acumulam-se grandes questões que desafiam a humanidade, de guerras a mudanças climáticas e suas consequências, como desastres naturais, escassez de água e pandemias, o que aprofunda as desigualdades sociais. Tantos problemas que persistem, apesar do progresso tecnológico, econômico e social alcançado nos últimos dois séculos, nos levam a refletir sobre como viemos parar nesse ponto. Afinal, o que tem sentido e importa para os grupos e as sociedades que habitam este planeta? Em direção à problematização desse questionamento, elegemos, de acordo com o pragmatismo americano, a tradição interacionista simbólica e o conceito de valor social, fundamentados na vertente sociológica da psicologia social, para responder como ocorre o processo de construção desse tipo de valor. Neste texto, revisitamos, com base nas três vertentes do interacionismo simbólico (tradicional, contemporânea e estrutural), o conceito definido por Thomas e Znaniecki (1927, 2006) e, por meio dessa integração teórica, propomos uma definição conceitual contemporânea do que seja valor social para prosseguir à formulação de um modelo teórico acerca do processo de construção de valores sociais, abrindo espaço para compreender a dinâmica entre as diferentes estruturas da sociedade (macro) e a agência das pessoas (micro) na significação, na ressignificação e até no abandono desses valores. XXI acumulamse acumulam se humanidade consequências naturais pandemias sociais persistem tecnológico séculos ponto Afinal planeta questionamento elegemos americano texto revisitamos tradicional, tradicional (tradicional estrutural, estrutural , estrutural) 1927, 1927 (1927 2006 teórica macro (macro micro (micro significação 192 (192 200 19 (19 20 1 (1 2 (

Abstract The well-being of trans women has been affected by stigma and discrimination, and great gaps in health, employment and educational opportunities and the absence of social support. The role of health professionals plays an important role in the well-being and health of trans women, therefore, the objective is to recognize the meaning that health professionals have on the well-being of trans women. Method: Qualitative research, narrative design. Eight health professionals (medicine, psychology, and nursing assistant) with experience in community care participated in an in-depth interview. In conclusion, the health professionals recognize that the well-being of trans women is affected by multiple sociocultural and economic factors related to mental health, discrimination to which they are still exposed, internalized transphobia, and the lack of family and social support. Concrete actions are required from health, higher education, and governmental entities capable of favoring affirmative processes for trans women and promoting in healthcare processes the sensitivity and commitment to their human development based on the protection of their rights. wellbeing well being support therefore Method research design medicine, medicine (medicine psychology assistant indepth depth interview conclusion exposed transphobia education rights

Resumen El bienestar de las mujeres trans se ha visto afectado por el estigma, la discriminación, las altas brechas en salud, la falta de oportunidades laborales y educativas, además de la ausencia de apoyo social. Los profesionales de la salud juegan un papel importante dentro del bienestar y la salud de las mujeres trans, por tanto, en este estudio se planteó como objetivo reconocer el significado que tienen los profesionales de la salud sobre el bienestar en mujeres trans. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, diseño narrativo, en la cual participaron ocho profesionales de la salud (medicina, psicología y auxiliar de enfermería) con experiencia en atención a la comunidad, con quienes se realizó una entrevista en profundidad. Estos profesionales reconocen que el bienestar de las mujeres trans se ve afectado por múltiples factores socioculturales, económicos, relacionados con la salud mental, la discriminación a las que siguen expuestas, la transfobia internalizada y el poco apoyo familiar y social. Se requieren acciones concretas desde las entidades de salud, de educación superior y gubernamentales, que favorezcan procesos afirmativos de las mujeres trans, y la promoción en los procesos de atención en salud de la sensibilidad y compromiso con el desarrollo humano de estas mujeres a partir de la protección de sus derechos. estigma educativas social tanto cualitativa narrativo medicina, medicina (medicina enfermería comunidad profundidad socioculturales económicos mental expuestas gubernamentales derechos

Feminist discourses around the scourge of gender-based violence (GBV) have historically prioritized the voices and contextualities of cisgender heterosexual women, often to the exclusion of trans persons. In light of the continual invisibility of black trans persons and in particular black trans women in anti-GBV activism, this paper explores black trans women's experiences of violence in post-apartheid South Africa. The study was undertaken from a transfeminist framework that asserts that the stories and histories of trans persons are central to the development of trans epistemologies within an inclusive gender liberation framework. The study followed a narrative methodological approach. Unstructured individual interviews were conducted with eight black trans women living in South Africa. Narratives of gender policing and punitive sexual violence in addition to narratives of cissexism as well as of the paradoxical hypervisibility and invisibility of black trans positions revealed violence meted against black trans women in South Africa as structural, grounded on a patriarchal matrix of cisgender power representing trans women as devalued others. Apartheid legacies of racialised economic marginalisation manifest as bearing a strong mediating role in shaping black trans women's sustained vulnerability to violence. By addressing anti-trans violence as a feminist concern, this paper disrupts the ciscentricism of feminism, enabling more nuanced and inclusive constructions of GBV.

Abstract Objective: to know the exposure to psychosocial risk factors at work, and its relationship with factors of the organizational environment and workplace violence, in a sample of 1 105 workers of the tertiary economic activity in Mexico City. Methodology: quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational. Results: 95% of the sample is at some level of exposure and 51.6% at high and very high levels. A path model shows that six variables explain 44% of labor violence, where the main ones were: negative relationships at work (β = 0.28) and negative leadership (β = 0.21). Limitations: study circumscribed to the tertiary economic activity. Value: severe exposure to psychosocial risk factors at work was identified in Mexico City study’s sample workers, indicating likelihood of health damage. Conclusions: evidence is provided to the complex dynamics of interaction between the psychosocial risk factors at work that precede the presence of workplace violence.

Resumen Objetivo: conocer la exposición a los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo y su relación con factores del entorno organizacional y la violencia laboral en una muestra de 1 105 personas trabajadoras de la actividad económica terciaria en la Ciudad de México. Metodología: de tipo cuantitativa, no experimental, transversal, descriptiva y correlacional. Resultados: 95% de la muestra está en algún nivel de exposición y 51.6% en los niveles alto y muy alto. Un modelo path muestra que seis variables explican 44% de la violencia laboral, en las que las principales fueron: relaciones negativas en el trabajo (β = 0.28) y liderazgo negativo (β = 0.21). Limitaciones: estudio acotado a la actividad económica terciaria. Valor: se identificó exposición grave a los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo en la muestra de estudio, lo que indica probabilidad de daño a la salud. Conclusiones: se aporta evidencia a la compleja dinámica de interacción entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo que anteceden a la presencia de violencia laboral.