The recycle and utilization of expired drugs is a challenge for many countries at present. The employment of expired drugs as green corrosion inhibitors is expected to address both drug recycling and corrosion prevention issues, with significant economic and environmental value. Herein, the individually and combination corrosion inhibition performance of expired amoxicillin (AMC) and penicillin V potassium tablets (PVP) for lowcarbon steel in 20% acetic acid solution containing 600 mg L-1 chloride ion are evaluated by electrochemistry and weight loss method. Both the AMC and PVP present the mixed-type corrosion inhibitors mainly affect the cathode process when used individually. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 61.22% (AMC) and 79.21% (PVP), which all appear in 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1. The AMC and PVP are adsorbed on the steel surface by mixed physisorption and chemisorption, which are consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion inhibition rate drops sharply when AMC and PVP are combined use with a close mole ratio. But a small amount of PVP significantly enhance the corrosion inhibition effect of AMC, the corrosion inhibition rate from 61.22 to 79.72%. The corrosion inhibition rate of AMC and PVP combination inhibitor decreased with the increase of temperature. issues value Herein (AMC (PVP 20 60 L1 L 1 L- method mixedtype type 6122 61 22 7921 79 21 79.21 PVP, , 50 5 0 5. 103 10 3 10- L1. 1. chemisorption isotherm ratio 61.2 7972 72 79.72% temperature 2 6 612 792 7 79.2 61. 797 79.72 79. 79.7

RESUMO A Teoria da Dependência dos Recursos procura entender como fatores externos influenciam o comportamento da organização, sua dependência e diversificação de recursos. Este estudo analisa a influência dos desempenhos econômico-financeiro e esportivo na diversificação das receitas de 24 clubes de futebol brasileiros. A composição das receitas foi analisada por meio da classificação da APFUT, adicionada da categoria “Receitas Financeiras”, enquanto o indicador Hirschman-Herfindahl adaptado foi utilizado para medir o nível de diversificação. Os resultados indicam que as principais receitas dos clubes são Direitos de Transmissão, Repasse de Direitos Federativos e Patrocínio. Os modelos apontaram efeitos positivos da rentabilidade e Ranking da CBF, e negativo do acesso à primeira divisão no nível de diversificação, indicando a relevância de elementos econômicos e esportivos. Este estudo contribui para a análise dos desempenhos esportivo e econômico-financeiro, os quais afetam a gestão de receitas, bem como endossa a discussão sobre a necessidade de diversificação das receitas como uma das medidas para evitar dificuldades financeiras. organização recursos econômicofinanceiro econômico financeiro 2 brasileiros APFUT Receitas Financeiras, Financeiras , Financeiras” HirschmanHerfindahl Hirschman Herfindahl Transmissão Patrocínio CBF esportivos econômicofinanceiro, financeiro, financeiras

ABSTRACT The Resource Dependence Theory seeks to understand how external factors influence an organization's behavior, dependency, and diversification of resources. This study analyzes the influence of economic-financial and sports performance on the revenue diversification of 24 Brazilian football clubs. The composition of the revenues was analyzed through the APFUT classification, with the addition of the "Financial Revenues" category, while the adapted Hirschman-Herfindahl Index was used to measure the level of diversification. The results indicate that the clubs' main revenues are Broadcasting Rights, Transfer of Federative Rights, and Sponsorship. The models pointed to the positive effects of profitability and Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) Ranking and the negative effect of promotion to the first division on the diversification level, indicating the relevance of economic and sports elements. This study contributes to the analysis of sports and economic-financial performance, which affect revenue management, and endorses the discussion on the need for revenue diversification as one of the measures to avoid financial difficulties. organizations organization s behavior dependency resources economicfinancial 2 clubs classification Financial Revenues category HirschmanHerfindahl Hirschman Herfindahl Rights Sponsorship CBF (CBF elements management difficulties

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da silagem de ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de capim cortado a 70 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura (nos Exp. I e III) e silagem de ração total cortada a 130 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 130 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido a 130 cm de altura (nos Exp. II e IV), sobre o metabolismo ruminal, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, e o desempenho e as características de carcaça de cordeiros confinados. Os resultados mostraram que TMRS70 aumentou o pH ruminal no Exp. I, e TMRS130 exibiu maior digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, concentração de propionato e menor razão acético/propionato e pH ruminal em comparação com TMR130 no Exp. II. Nos Exp. III e IV, não houve efeito significativo sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da carcaça. No entanto, no Exp. IV, TMRS130 levou a uma diminuição no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho médio diário, enquanto cordeiros alimentados com TMR130 mostraram uma maior área de olho de lombo. A ensilagem da ração total poderia ser usada como um método de conservação para gramíneas jovens (70 cm) sem prejudicar o desempenho, metabolismo, carcaças e qualidade da carne. No entanto, recomenda-se mais estudos avaliando a análise econômica da alimentação com ensilagem de ração total (70 cm) em vez de ração totalmente misturada como método de conservação de forragem. RESUMO 7 nos Exp 13 IV , IV) nutrientes confinados TMRS TMRS7 TMRS13 etéreo acéticopropionato acético TMR TMR13 entanto diário lombo (7 carne recomendase recomenda se forragem 1 TMRS1 TMR1 (

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the impact of total mixed ration silage of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 70 cm in height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of grass cut at 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm in height (in Exp. I and III) and total mixed ration silage cut at 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested 130 cm height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 130 cm height (in Exp. II and IV), on rumen metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. The results showed that TMRS70 increased ruminal pH in Exp. I and TMRS130 exhibited higher ether extract digestibility, propionic concentration, and lower acetic to propionic ratio and ruminal pH compared to TMR130 in Exp. II. In Exp. III and IV, there was no significant effect on the performance and quality of the carcass. However, in Exp. IV, TMRS130 led to decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain, while lambs fed with TMR130 showed a higher rib-eye area. Total ration ensilage could be used as a conservation method for young grasses (70 cm) without impairing performance, metabolism, carcasses, and meat quality. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the economic analysis of feeding total ration ensilage (70 cm) instead of total mixed ration as a forage conservation method. ABSTRACT 7 Exp 13 IV , IV) metabolism digestibility TMRS TMRS7 TMRS13 concentration TMR TMR13 However gain ribeye rib eye area (7 carcasses 1 TMRS1 TMR1 (

ABSTRACT The ‘RD6’ glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.), developed from the popular aromatic rice ‘KDML105’ through gamma irradiation, is a key economic cultivar widely consumed in Thailand and exported throughout Asia. However, cultivation of the ‘RD6’ faces challenges due to its low grain yield and growth performance. The objective of this study was to use biostimulant chitosan and brassinosteroids to promote growth performance, nutrition, and yield of the ‘RD6’ rice. Chitosan (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg L-1) and brassinosteroids (0.00005, 0.0005, 0.001, and 0.002 mg L-1) were sprayed twice at 40- and 75-d-old rice plants in paddy fields. The results demonstrated that foliar spraying with 7.5 mg L-1 chitosan can promote leaf growth of ‘RD6’ and improve grain yield by 24% as compared with the control. More pronounced effects were observed with 0.002 mg L-1 brassinosteroid, improving not only growth but also ‘RD6’ yield by 41.8% compared to the control. Moreover, 0.002 mg L-1 brassinosteroids can enhance antioxidant capacities (total phenolic contents), elemental K and Ca contents, and the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents in the rice grains. Furthermore, the use of 0.002 mg L-1 brassinosteroids proved to be a financially sound investment, yielding superior net returns and an advantageous benefit-cost ratio compared with 7.5 mg L-1 chitosan. Therefore, the use of exogenous brassinosteroids on glutinous rice in this study offers promising advantages for promoting the growth and physiological performance of rice plants.

Abstract Concrete is a material susceptible to different degradation mechanisms that can lead to the formation of expansive products resulting from external sulfate attack (ESA). In this context, supplementary cementing materials (SCMs), like fly ash, metakaolin, silica fume, and rice husk ash, have effectively suppressed the effects caused by ESA. However, each SCM may present different behavior depending on the exposure conditions, sulfate type, SO 4 2- concentration, etc. Thus, this study presents a multicriteria decision-making analysis of fixed binder content for mortars (1: 3.2 a/agl=0.60) aiming to achieve the best performance against ESA (exposure to Na 2 SO 4 or MgSO 4 ). The criteria selected for the decision-making analysis are the sustainability impact of the mixture, economic performance, and the effect of ESA on the mechanical properties and durability of the mortars. The results indicate that the most suitable composition for aggressive environments containing Na 2 SO 4 was the mortar containing 10% rice husk ash and, for exposure to MgSO 4 , the use of fly ash in the same proportion. . (ESA) context SCMs, SCMs (SCMs) metakaolin fume However conditions type concentration etc Thus decisionmaking decision making 1 (1 32 3 3. a/agl=0.60 aagl060 aagl agl 0 60 ) mixture 10 proportion (ESA (SCMs ( a/agl=0.6 aagl06 6 a/agl=0. aagl0 a/agl=0 a/agl= a/agl

Resumo O concreto é um material suscetível a diferentes mecanismos de degradação que podem causar a formação de produtos expansivos, como o ataque externo por sulfatos. As adições minerais, como a cinza volante, o metacaulim, a sílica ativa e a sílica de casca de arroz são opções que possuem sua eficácia comprovada em argamassas e concretos expostos a ambientes com sulfatos. O presente estudo busca, por meio de um método de análise multicritérios de decisão, realizar a escolha do teor de aglomerante em argamassas (1: 3,2 a/agl=0,60) que apresentar melhor desempenho frente ao ataque externo por sulfato de sódio (Na2SO4) e magnésio (MgSO4). Tendo uma base de dados pré-definida, foram escolhidos critérios e subcritérios para composição da matriz hierárquica, levando em consideração a sustentabilidade, desempenho econômico das diferentes composições e o efeito do ataque químico nas propriedades mecânicas e na durabilidade das argamassas. Ao final da análise, a composição mais indicada para ambientes agressivos contendo Na2SO4 foi a argamassa contendo 10% de sílica da casca de arroz em substituição parcial ao cimento Portland e, para a exposição ao MgSO4, a utilização de cinza volante na mesma proporção. expansivos sulfatos minerais metacaulim busca decisão 1 (1 32 3 2 3, a/agl=0,60 aagl060 aagl agl 0 60 NaSO Na SO (Na2SO4 MgSO4. MgSO4 MgSO . (MgSO4) prédefinida, prédefinida pré definida, definida pré-definida hierárquica sustentabilidade Na2SO 10 proporção ( a/agl=0,6 aagl06 6 (Na2SO (MgSO4 a/agl=0, aagl0 (MgSO a/agl=0 a/agl= a/agl

ABSTRACT Social technology is based around three axes: community, environmental protection and economic solidarity. The páramo itself is a vital ecosystem for water regulation as it is the source of water supplies for human consumption and performance of economic activities. This article intends to identify the limitations to apply social technology to the protection of the páramo in the central highlands of Ecuador, where processes of self-management, empowerment, participation, agreement-making, cooperation and pursuit for collective welfare have been observed. The methodology is quantitative within the framework of discourse analysis. The results show that, in order to reach a large agreement for the protection and recovery of the páramo, involving all of the communities settled in the area, it is necessary to overcome limitations mostly related to the lacking attention by the government in regards to basic utilities, management plans for conservation areas and studies for economic alternatives allowing communities to subsist in the lower zones, compromising not to extend their agricultural borders further into the highlands. This information helps strengthen natural resource management from a new perspective.

RESUMEN La tecnología social se fundamenta en tres ejes: la comunidad, el cuidado ambiental y la solidaridad económica. Por su parte, el páramo es un ecosistema vital en la regulación hídrica porque sustenta el suministro de agua para consumo humano y el desarrollo de actividades económicas. Este artículo se centra en identificar las limitaciones para aplicar los fundamentos de la tecnología social en la protección del páramo, ubicado en la Sierra central del Ecuador, lugar donde se observan procesos de autogestión, empoderamiento, participación, logro de acuerdos, cooperación y búsqueda del bienestar colectivo. La metodología es cualitativa, en el marco del análisis del discurso. Los resultados muestran que, para que exista un gran acuerdo de protección y recuperación del páramo, entre todas las comunidades asentadas en esta zona, es necesario vencer limitaciones relacionadas, principalmente, con la falta de atención por parte del gobierno en temas de servicios básicos, planes de manejo para áreas de conservación y estudio de alternativas económicas que permitan a las comunidades subsistir en las zonas bajas y comprometerse a no ampliar la frontera agrícola hacia zonas altas. Esta información contribuye a fortalecer la gestión de recursos naturales desde una nueva perspectiva.

RESUMO A tecnologia social baseia-se em três eixos: a comunidade, o cuidado ambiental e a solidariedade econômica. O páramo é um ecossistema vital para a regulação hídrica pois ele fornece agua para o consumo humano e a realização de atividades económicas. Esse artigo focou-se na identificação das limitações para aplicar os fundamentos da tecnologia social para a proteção do páramo, situado na Sierra central de Equador, sítio onde pode-se observar processos de autogestão, empoeiramento, participação, efetuação de acordos, cooperação e procuração de um bem-estar coletivo. A metodologia é qualitativa, dentro do contexto da análise do discurso. Os resultados mostram que, para ter um acordo grande para a proteção e recuperação do páramo, com todas as comunidades estabelecidas na zona, é necessário vencer limitações relacionadas principalmente à falta de atenção do governo em relação à serviços básicos, planes de gestão de áreas de conservação e estudo de alternativas económicas que permitam que as comunidades possam subsistir nas zonas baixas, e comprometer-se a não estender a fronteira agrícola em direção às zonas altas. Essa informação contribui a fortalecer a gestão de recursos naturais com uma nova perspectiva.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el impacto potencial de los chatbots en el mejoramiento del servicio al cliente en la industria logística, evaluando el rendimiento de diez destacadas empresas en Colombia, Perú y Ecuador (zona CPE). Estas empresas, insertas en el sector de servicios logísticos, desempeñan un papel crucial en la cadena de suministro, ofreciendo servicios especializados que abarcan transporte, almacenamiento y otras áreas dentro de su actividad económica. El estudio, que incluyó a 1250 usuarios individuales tipo B2C (empresa a consumidor) de chatbots, se enfocó en analizar la efectividad de estas herramientas y su repercusión en la conformidad del cliente. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple, se identificaron elementos fundamentales que inciden en la satisfacción del cliente, como la capacidad de abordar problemas, el conocimiento detallado de la empresa, la autonomía en la resolución de problemas, la precisión gramatical y la reputación general. Los resultados destacan el potencial de los agentes virtuales para mejorar significativamente la atención al consumidor en la logística, señalando su eficacia en la resolución de problemas, familiaridad con productos y servicios, autonomía en la resolución de problemas, corrección gramatical y recomendaciones de usuarios. Estos hallazgos son cruciales para el sector logístico, subrayando el papel transformador de los chatbots en la elevación de la satisfacción del cliente y la eficiencia operativa mediante la integración tecnológica.

Abstract: The article analyzes the potential effectiveness of chatbots on enhancing consumer service in the logistics industry, assessing the performance of ten prominent companies in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (CPE region). These companies, situated in the logistics services sector, play a crucial role in the supply chain, offering specialized services encompassing transportation, storage, and other areas within their economic activities. The study, involving 1250 individual B2C (business-to-consumer) users of chatbots, focused on analyzing the effectiveness of these tools and their impact on customer satisfaction. Through multiple regression analysis, key factors influencing customer satisfaction were identified, such as the ability to address issues, detailed knowledge of the company, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical accuracy, and overall reputation. The results underscore the significant potential of chatbots to enhance customer service in logistics, emphasizing their effectiveness in issue resolution, familiarity with products and services, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical correctness, and user recommendations. These findings are vital for the logistics sector, highlighting the transformative role of chatbots in elevating customer satisfaction and operational efficiency through technological integration.

A low-level river crossing is an economic means of providing access for lower-order roads during high-frequency flood events. Conventionally, culverts are employed to enable the flow to traverse the road, albeit with allowance for overtopping. This overtopping flow from the approach roads, however, possesses the potential to cause erosion of the downstream embankment, thereby jeopardising the foundational integrity of the structure. A physical modelling study was undertaken to investigate the hydraulic performance of stepped chutes in terms of flow patterns, air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation. Various types of stepped chutes were investigated, namely horizontal steps with a chute wall, horizontal steps without a chute wall but with riprap placed directly downstream of each chute, step-inclined steps (backward sloping), steps with pooled cascades, and steps with baffle blocks. Notably, chutes with horizontal steps were the most efficient configuration in terms of relative energy dissipation. Furthermore, this research culminated in the formulation of a new regression formula to establish a quantifiable relationship between the required step length and the overflow depth and discharge, thereby offering a valuable tool for design purposes.

Resumen Las organizaciones están integrando cada vez más cuestiones ambientales en sus planes estratégicos. Así, esta investigación analiza cómo la estrategia de negocios sustentable (GBS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la responsabilidad social corporativa (CSR, por sus siglas en inglés) impactan en el rendimiento financiero (FP, por sus siglas en inglés). Además, se analiza el rol mediador de la CSR en la relación entre la GBS y el FP. El estudio empírico utiliza el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 300 empresas manufactureras de México. Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas y significativas entre la GBS, la CSR y el FP, mientras que también se verificó el papel mediador significativamente positivo de la CSR. Por lo tanto, los objetivos ambientales establecidos por la GBS contribuyen al FP de las empresas manufactureras mexicanas. La CSR también colabora en este sentido, pero solo parcialmente al mediar la relación entre la GBS y el FP. Los hallazgos respaldan la importancia de incorporar cuestiones ambientales en la planeación estratégica de las empresas para garantizar no solo beneficios económicos, sino también sociales a través de las actividades de GBS y CSR.

Abstract Organizations are increasingly integrating environmental concerns in their strategic plans. This research analyzes how green business strategy (GBS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) impact financial performance (FP). In addition, we analyze the mediating role of CSR in the relationship between GBS and FP. The empirical application uses structural equation modeling on a sample of 300 manufacturing firms from Mexico. The results show positive and significant relationships between GBS, CSR and FP, while the significantly positive mediating role of CSR was also verified. Thus, the environmental objectives set by the GBS contribute to the FP of Mexican manufacturing firms. CSR also collaborates to this end but only partially by mediating the relationship between GBS and FP. The findings support the importance of incorporating environmental concerns in businesses' strategic planning in order to ensure not only economic but also social benefits through GBS and CSR activities.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the main socio-political events that took place in Uruguay in 2023, Luis Lacalle Pou’s fourth year as president (supported by a rightist coalition). During the 2019 electoral campaign, many of Lacalle Pou’s promises were not based on a programmatic shift but on better management (non-policy politics), particularly of economic and security policies. While macroeconomic indicators show moderate performance, security indicators have not improved substantially. Dormant during the pandemic, security became a very important issue in 2023, materialized in high homicide rates and violence linked to drug trafficking and gang conflict. Much like in other Latin American countries, security has become a protracted problem that no single administration can improve. Furthermore, in 2023 there were a series of politi- cal scandals, some of which were linked to organized crime and drug-trafficking. We posit that, jointly, these facts undermine the better management capacity rhetoric. This suggests that the current administration lost the advantage of non-policy poli- tics, which could affect its electoral chances in 2024.

RESUMEN Este artículo describe los principales acontecimientos socio-políticos durante 2023 en Uru- guay, el cuarto año de gobierno de Luis Lacalle Pou (un presidente apoyado por una coali- ción de derecha). Durante la campaña electoral de 2019, muchas de las promesas de Lacalle Pou se basaron en la garantía de una mejor gestión (non-policy politics), en particular en materia de política económica y de seguridad. Si bien los indicadores macroeconómicos muestran un desempeño moderado, los indicadores de seguridad no han mejorado sustancialmente. Los problemas de seguridad, en estado latente durante la pandemia, volvieron a ser un asunto importante en 2023 como muestran las altas tasas de homicidios y violen- cia vinculada al narcotráfico y al conflicto entre bandas. Al igual que en otros países de América Latina, la seguridad se ha convertido en un problema persistente de no sencilla resolución en un único período de gobierno. Además, en 2023 salieron a la luz una serie de escándalos políticos, algunos de ellos vinculados con el crimen organizado y el narcotráfico. En este artículo argumentamos que estos hechos, considerados en conjunto, socavaron las apelaciones discursivas a la mejor capacidad de gestión. Esto sugiere que la actual ad- ministración perdió la ventaja del non-policy politics, lo que podría afectar sus chances electorales en 2024.

The high level of inequality in South Africa has widened the gap between rural and urban schools, and the performance of rural schools has been continuously declining compared to urban schools. Poor performance in rural schools is perpetuated by parents being absent from their children's education because the socio-economic conditions and their educational background do not allow them to commit their time and energy towards education. Learners are left on their own to decide their future. The disparity between rural and urban schooling was further exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. As schools were closed during lockdown, teaching and learning was suspended in rural schools, however, in urban schools teaching and learning continued through online platforms. The lockdowns gave parents an opportunity to teach, advocate, and create conducive spaces to help their children focus on learning. During lockdowns, parents were expected to act as teachers in their homes to educate their children, and therefore, school closure presented opportunities for parents to actively participate in their children's education. However, their socio-economic conditions and poor educational backgrounds continue to threaten effective parental engagement, posing a threat to the academic success of rural learners. Despite attempts by the government to introduce school governing bodies in schools as a structure to integrate schools and parents, the problem of little parental engagement remains unresolved. The purpose with this study was to empower parents in rural areas to effectively participate in their children's education.

RESUMEN: El análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es un método relativamente económico, rápido y no invasivo para la determinación de la composición corporal. El ángulo de fase (PhA) es un indicador de la salud celular y de la integridad de la membrana y parece estar relacionado con la capacidad física y el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de analizar las posibles relaciones entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (SMM%) y entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa grasa (FM%) en una población caucásica sana, con un amplio rango de edad. Se analizaron 210 sujetos caucásicos sanos (99 mujeres y 111 hombres), de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 70 años. Se utilizó un dispositivo BIA mano-pie (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) para la determinación de los parámetros bioeléctricos y un escáner DXA de cuerpo entero QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) para la determinación de SMM% y FM%. Se observaron correlaciones significativas positivas fuertes entre PhA y SMM%, independientemente de la franja de edad, (0,520-0,687; p < 0,01) y correlaciones significativas negativas fuertes (o moderadas/fuertes) entre PhA y FM% (0,492-0,657; p < 0,01), también independientemente de la franja de edad. Estas correlaciones indican que PhA podría utilizarse como marcador para ver la evolución de un sujeto activo, sea deportista o no. Se recomienda, por tanto, el desarrollo y la validación de nuevas ecuaciones para determinar la masa muscular y la masa grasa, que incluyan PhA como parámetro bioeléctrico.

SUMMARY: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, economic and fast method for body composition assessment. Phase angle (PhA) is considered an indicator of cellular health and cell membrane integrity, and it seems to be related to physical capacity and performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible relationships between PhA and skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) and between PhA and fat mass percentage (FM%) in a healthy Caucasian population with a wide age range. 210 healthy Caucasian participants (99 women and 111 men), aged 20-70 years were analyzed. A BIA foot-to-hand body composition analyzer (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) was used to determine bioelectrical parameters, and a whole body DXA scanner QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) was used for SMM% and FM% assessment. Irrespective of age range, strong positive significant correlations were observed between PhA and SMM% (0.520-0.687; p < 0.01) and strong (or moderate/strong) negative significant correlations were observed between PhA and FM% (0.492-0.657; p < 0.01). These correlations indicate that PhA could be used as a marker to monitor the evolution of an active subject, whether an athlete or not. It would be useful to develop and validate new equations for skeletal muscle mass and fat mass assessment, which include PhA as a bioelectrical parameter.

The selection of an underground mining method stems from a multivariate analysis that considers geomechanical, geological, economic, and operational parameters. Even after identifying the most compatible method, there is no assurance that the mining company will achieve the best performance. The geological complexity of some deposits requires adaptations of methods described in the literature to obtain more selectivity and reduce mining waste. There are some studies on geometry of underground structures, but a methodology that describes an adaptation of a room-and-pillar mining method for ore bodies with down-dip varying from 20° to 25° is novel. The present work aimed to reduce dilution by adapting the traditional room-and-pillar mining method (TRP) to inclined ore bodies. This new method is entitled short-hole room-and-pillar (SHRP). The equations that measure the dilution are defined according to the geometry of stopes and openings. The results comprise comparative analyses of the operational and planned dilutions to measure the performance of the SHRP method. The average operating dilution of the SHRP method was more than five times lower than the planned dilution according to the TRP method. Low operational dilution indicates high selectivity of the method and its potential to reduce underground mining tailings.

RESUMEN En el contexto de economías de mercado, sobre la base de una integración con la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, una Educación Superior que satisface las necesidades sociales es un objetivo esencial. Es insuficiente confiar en instituciones de Educación Superior que operan bajo los procedimientos de mecanismos de mercado libres para alcanzar la meta antes mencionada, fundamentalmente en países en vías de desarrollo como Vietnam. El papel del gobierno es fundamental, en consonancia con las políticas que incluyan las universidades. Estas políticas deben crear un ambiente y condiciones que guíen las instituciones referidas para llevar a cabo programas de entrenamiento acordes a las necesidades sociales y económicas. Por consiguiente, este estudio pretende explorar y evaluar la política gubernamental en la educación superior vietnamita. Sobre la base de los resultados alcanzados, el estudio recomienda elementos para que la política gubernamental permita que la educación superior pueda aportas soluciones para satisfacer las necesidades sociales.

ABSTRACT In the context of market-based economies integrated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a higher education that meets social needs is an essential objective. It is insufficient to rely solely on higher education institutions operating under free market mechanism procedures to accomplish this goal in developing market economies such as Vietnam. Promoting the government's role requires a well-coordinated policy system. These policies should create an environment and conditions that guide higher education institutions in implementing training programs that are responsive to social and economic needs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and evaluate government policy in higher education and its results on meeting social needs in Vietnamese higher education. Based on these findings, the study also suggests some recommendations for government policy to strengthen higher education to meet social needs.

Abstract In this article, we present a case study whose objective was to analyze the regional management of state higher education institutions by conducting a theoretical review of innovation systems approaches. We carried out a qualitative interpretive study and qualitative data analysis, with a case study design. The information collection techniques used were diverse: documentary analysis and interviews. The results indicate that regional management in state higher education institutions has evolved since their inception, following the governance guidelines established by the educational institutions for their development and regional innovation systems. However, the results show regional challenges in terms of financial sustainability, branch management, academic offerings, inter-university articulation, and governance. At the regional level, there are a series of actors in Costa Rica who participate in the dynamics of regional governance, among them are state universities playing a fundamental role as promoters of social, economic, and environmental development in localities. We face significant challenges in the realm of territorial planning and governance, which include coordination between multiple levels of planning and diverse actors, as well as the alignment of various territorial development strategies. These intricately related elements require meticulous management to ensure cohesive and sustainable regional development. Academic interest in regional innovation systems has been on the rise, particularly concerning the generation and diffusion of knowledge. Within this field, the concepts of proximity and concentration become especially relevant, enhancing regional approaches. Formulating effective policies to drive regional innovation is crucial not only to understand the innovation and learning capacity of companies but also the performance of the sectoral innovation system.

Resumen En el presente artículo presentamos un estudio de caso cuyo objetivo fue analizar la gestión regional de las instituciones de educación superior estatal realizando una revisión teórica de los enfoques de sistemas de innovación. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo de corte interpretativo y cualitativo de análisis de datos, con un diseño de estudio de caso. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron diversas: análisis documental y entrevistas. Los resultados indican que la gestión regional en las instituciones de educación superior estatal ha evolucionado desde su creación, siguiendo la pauta de la gobernanza establecida por las casas de enseñanza para su desarrollo y los sistemas de innovación regional, sin embargo, los resultados muestran desafíos regionales en materia de: sostenibilidad financiera, gestión de sedes, oferta académica, articulación interuniversitaria y gobernanza. A nivel regional existen una serie de actores en Costa Rica que participan de la dinámica de gobernanza regional, dentro de estas están las universidades estatales desempeñando un papel fundamental como promotor del desarrollo social, económico y ambiental de las localidades. Nos enfrentamos a desafíos significativos en la esfera de la planificación y gobernanza territorial, que incluyen la coordinación entre múltiples niveles de planificación y diversos actores y la alineación de variadas estrategias de desarrollo territorial. Estos elementos, intrincadamente relacionados, requieren una gestión meticulosa para asegurar un desarrollo cohesivo y sostenible de las regiones. El interés académico en los sistemas regionales de innovación ha ido en ascenso, particularmente en lo que respecta a la generación y difusión del conocimiento. Dentro de este campo, los conceptos de proximidad y concentración adquieren especial relevancia, potenciando los enfoques regionales. Para formular políticas efectivas que impulsen la innovación regional es crucial comprender no solo la capacidad de innovación y aprendizaje de las empresas, sino también el rendimiento del sistema sectorial de innovación.

Resumo No presente artigo, apresentamos um estudo de caso cujo objetivo foi analisar a gestão regional das instituições de ensino superior estatais realizando uma revisão teórica dos enfoques de sistemas de inovação. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo de corte interpretativo e análise de dados qualitativa, com um design de estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de informações foram diversas: análise documental e entrevistas. Os resultados indicam que a gestão regional nas instituições de ensino superior estatais evoluiu desde a sua criação, seguindo as diretrizes de governança estabelecidas pelas instituições educacionais para seu desenvolvimento e os sistemas de inovação regional. No entanto, os resultados mostram desafios regionais em termos de: sustentabilidade financeira, gestão de campi, oferta acadêmica, articulação interuniversitária e governança. A nível regional, existem uma série de atores na Costa Rica que participam da dinâmica de governança regional, entre eles as universidades estatais desempenhando um papel fundamental como promotoras do desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental das localidades. Enfrentamos desafios significativos na esfera do planejamento e governança territorial, que incluem a coordenação entre múltiplos níveis de planejamento e diversos atores, bem como a alinhamento de diversas estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial. Esses elementos, intrinsecamente relacionados, requerem uma gestão cuidadosa para garantir um desenvolvimento coeso e sustentável das regiões. O interesse acadêmico nos sistemas regionais de inovação tem aumentado, especialmente no que diz respeito à geração e difusão do conhecimento. Dentro deste campo, os conceitos de proximidade e concentração adquirem especial relevância, fortalecendo as abordagens regionais. Para formular políticas eficazes que impulsionem a inovação regional, é crucial compreender não apenas a capacidade de inovação e aprendizado das empresas, mas também o desempenho do sistema setorial de inovação.