Abstract: This research proposes two models for the problem of short-term economic dispatch of electrical power systems through nonlinear programming (NLP). The problems raised will be resolved through the cost function of the classic economic dispatch where thermal and hydraulic generation plants will be considered to obtain the electrical power generated in each of the nodes. The proposed methodology will be used for a short-term period of 24 hours with different hourly demand, as it is a short-term dispatch, it focuses on the delivery of power that covers the designated demand in each schedule, so it will not consider a deficit cost or uncertainty in the variables in any of the cases. In the first instance, the model will be developed for a single node with cascade reservoirs, while the second case will be developed in the IEEE 14-bus system. The non-linear programming shows satisfactory results, complying with the operational restrictions implemented in the mathematical model, in addition, the participation of thermal generation is considerably reduced, which represents a lower cost. The first model of a node is validated through bibliography, obtaining an operating cost of $904,990. In the same way, complying with all the designated parameters, the second model obtains a total cost of $129,800, satisfying the total demand in both cases, subject to each of its restrictions.

Resumen: La presente investigación propone dos modelos al problema de despacho económico a corto plazo de los sistemas eléctricos de potencia por medio de la programación no lineal (PNL). Los problemas planteados serán resueltos mediante la función de costo del despacho económico clásico en donde se considerarán centrales de generación térmica e hidráulicas para obtención de la potencia eléctrica generada en cada uno de los nodos, la metodología propuesta será utilizada para un periodo a corto plazo de 24 horas con diferente demanda horaria, al ser un despacho a corto plazo este se enfoca en la entrega de potencia que cubra la demanda designada en cada horario, por lo que no considerará para ninguno de los casos un costo de déficit o incertidumbre en las variables. En primera instancia se desarrollará el modelo para un solo nodo con embalses en cascada, mientras que el segundo caso será desarrollado en el sistema de 14 buses de la IEEE. La programación no lineal muestra resultados satisfactorios cumpliendo con las restricciones operativas implementadas en el modelo matemático, además se reduce considerablemente la participación de generación térmica lo que representa menor costo, el primer modelo de un nodo es validado mediante bibliografía obteniendo un costo de operación de $904.990. De la misma forma, cumpliendo con todos los parámetros designados, el segundo modelo llega a obtener un costo total de $129.802,16 satisfaciendo el total de la demanda en ambos casos, sujeto a cada una de sus restricciones.

Abstract The present research work shows the optimal energy management of an isolated microgrid based on nonconventional renewable energy sources. For which an economic dispatch problem is proposed that seeks to supply the electrical demand at the lowest posible operating cost, based on a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem. The nonlinearity of the algorithm is presented by including the characteristic equation of the real operation of the generating set in the optimization model. The input data to the economic office such as solar radiation and wind speed were obtained from the NASA platform located on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos province, Ecuador. In addition, the electricity demand data was obtained from real measurements of the sector. The economic dispatch problem has been determined for 12, 24 and 168 hours respectively, obtaining a proportional energy distribution for each case of 50.40% supplied by the photovoltaic generator, 23.92% by the diesel generator, 17.14% by the battery bank and 5.53% by the wind generator, so the demand was supplied in its entirety, meeting the objective that the generating set does not present intermittencies and obtaining the lowest operating cost of the system.

Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación muestra la gestión óptima de la energía de una microrred aislada basada en fuentes de energía renovable no convencional. Para lo cual se plantea un problema de despacho económico que busca abastecer la demanda eléctrica al menor costo de operación posible, a partir de un problema de optimización no lineal entero mixto. La no linealidad del algoritmo se presenta al incluir la ecuación característica del funcionamiento real del grupo electrógeno en el modelo de optimización. Los datos de entrada al despacho económico como radiación solar y velocidad del viento fueron obtenidos de la plataforma de la NASA situada sobre la isla Santa Cruz, provincia de Galápagos, Ecuador. Además, los datos de la demanda eléctrica fueron obtenidos de mediciones reales del sector. El problema de despacho económico se ha resultado para 12, 24 y 168 horas respectivamente, obteniendo una distribución energética proporcional para cada caso del 50.40 % suministrada por el generador fotovoltaico, 23.92 % por el generador diésel, 17.14 % por el banco de baterías y 5.53 % por el generador eólico, por lo que la demanda fue abastecida en su totalidad cumpliendo con el objetivo de que el grupo electrógeno no presente intermitencias y obteniendo el menor costo de operación del sistema.

Resumen: La demanda eléctrica es dinámica en el tiempo aspecto por el cual su abastecimiento debe ser una tarea primordial, razón por la cual el despacho económico (DE) busca determinar la cantidad de energía a ser entregada por todos los generadores de la manera más rentable y que a su vez cumplen una variedad de restricciones físicas y operativas en un sistema de área única. Sin embargo y por generalidad, los generadores se segregan en una serie de áreas de generación interconectadas por líneas de enlace. El despacho económico multi-área (DEM) es una escalada del despacho económico de una sola área. En este sentido, el presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo de optimización que será resuelto mediante GAMS y determina, través de DEM, el nivel de generación y el intercambio de energía entre áreas para minimizar el costo en todas las regiones al mismo tiempo cumpliendo con las restricciones de equilibrio de energía, restricciones de reserva, restricciones de rampas de subida y bajada de potencia de cada generador y restricciones de capacidad del enlace entre las distintas áreas.

Abstract: Electricity demand is dynamic in time, aspect for which its supply should be a primary task, which is why the economic dispatch (DE) seeks to determine the amount of energy to be delivered by all generators in the most profitable way and which in turn, they meet a variety of physical and operational constraints in a single area system. However, in general, generators are segregated into a series of generation areas interconnected by link lines. Multi-area economic dispatch (DEM) is an escalation of single-area economic dispatch. In this sense, the present work develops an optimization model that will be solved through GAMS and determines, through DEM, the level of generation and energy exchange between areas to minimize the cost in all regions while complying with the restriction’s energy balance, reserve restrictions, power ramp up and down ramp restrictions for each generator, and link capacity restrictions between the different areas.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel hybrid approach for studying electric power systems as a combination of the electrical power generation process and the actual state of the transmission lines. The approach is composed of a discrete-event simulation model and a mathematical programming model. The simulation model is designed as a routing problem defined over a set of transmission lines considered (individually) as active, inactive, under maintenance, and outage. On the other hand, the mixed-integer lineal programming model determines the best way to generate and transmit power flows (considering, simultaneously, all possible solutions). This type of model allows solving the economic dispatch problem in lower computational times. It also ensures reaching the global optimum. When adding the discrete-event simulation model for studying the state of transmission lines, the final hybrid approach allows obtaining feasible solutions when the system parameters change. Here, both models (i.e., simulation and optimization models) are combined to improve the capabilities of the model structure to represent real-life scenarios. Our proposal is used to analyze a case study composed of an electric system with six buses, eleven lines, and three generators.

ABSTRACT This article describes the general characteristics of the current methodology for economic dispatch and the formation of the Settlement Price of Differences (PLD) used in the Brazilian electric sector, and compares it to the general characteristics of what could be a price system defined by offers in an organized market. The disadvantages of both systems are analyzed. While the current system leads to economic inefficiencies, a model based on offers creates room for price manipulation. However, it is argued that the latter is clearly superior and the dangers it poses can be overcome with careful market design. Market design is not a simple task, therefore, it requires attention so that it is carried out by experts. Perhaps due to these difficulties, the current structure of the sector, its culture, and the reluctance of agents, unfortunately, the process of change may take longer than desirable.

RESUMO Este artigo descreve as características gerais da metodologia atual para o despacho econômico e para a formação do Preço de Liquidação de Diferenças (PLD), usado no setor elétrico brasileiro, e o compara com características gerais do que poderia ser um sistema de preços definido por ofertas em um mercado organizado. Reconhecem-se as desvantagens de ambos os sistemas. Se por um lado o sistema atual leva a ineficiências econômicas, um modelo por oferta abre espaço para manipulação de preços. No entanto, argumenta-se que o segundo é claramente superior e os perigos que comporta podem ser contornados por meio de um desenho de mercado criterioso. O desenho do mercado não é simples, portanto, é preciso atenção para que seja conduzido por especialistas. Talvez mesmo por essas dificuldades, pela estrutura atual do setor, por sua cultura e pela reticência dos agentes, o processo de mudanças pode, infelizmente, levar um tempo mais longo do que seria desejável.

Resumen: El Operador Nacional de Electricidad CENACE realiza la optimización del despacho económico de mediano y largo plazo del Sistema Nacional Interconectado SNI utilizando el software SDDP (Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming), el cual permite una programación estocástica de la operación de sistemas hidrotérmicos. Sin embargo, el SDDP es un software comercial cuyo licenciamiento es modular y representa una importante inversión. Adicionalmente, no brinda la posibilidad de implementar modelos de usuario, por lo que la versatilidad de modelación de nuevas fuentes de energía resulta limitada. En este sentido, el presente trabajo se fundamenta en una herramienta del tipo “open source”, denominada SimSEE (Simulador de Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica) para realizar el despacho hidrotérmico y estudiar el impacto de las centrales de energía renovable no convencional ERNC en el sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano. Para esto, se validan los resultados de despacho obtenidos con el programa SimSEE, comparándolos con la plataforma SDDP. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis estadístico de los resultados estocásticos, tomando en cuenta el ingreso de ERNC (eólico y solar) y su impacto en la operación del SNI.

Abstract: The National Electricity Operator CENACE performs the optimization of the medium and long-term economic dispatch of the National Interconnected System (SNI for its acronym in spanish) using the SDDP (Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming) software, which allows a stochastic programming of the operation of hydrothermal systems. However, SDDP is a commercial software whose licensing is modular type, representing an important investment. In addition, it does not allow the implementation of user defined models, limiting the modeling of novel renewable energy technologies. In this sense, this work is based on an "open source" tool called SimSEE (Simulator of Electrical Energy Systems) to carry out the hydrothermal dispatch and the impact of non-conventional renewable energy NCRE plants on the electrical system is studied. Ecuadorian. To this aim, the dispatch results, obtained from the SimSEE platform, are properly validated, comparing them with those from the SDDP. Finally, a statistical analysis of the stochastic results is presented, taking into account the penetration of NCRE (wind and solar) and its impact on the SNI operation.

Resumen: Este artículo muestra el despacho de las unidades térmicas presentes en un sistema hidrotérmico por medio del uso del algoritmo de optimización que utiliza la inteligencia de las luciérnagas. Si bien el problema de despacho de las unidades térmicas ha sido tratado en otros trabajos, en el presente estudio se considera como función objetivo del despacho de las unidades térmicas mediante su costo de producción lineal con la consideración de restricciones binarias. El algoritmo de las luciérnagas ha probado tener una alta capacidad de optimización para determinar un punto óptimo en base a características de comportamiento de la naturaleza como los algoritmos genéticos, más se diferencia por la capacidad de ajustes pequeños cerca de la solución. El algoritmo de la luciérnaga se constituye en una herramienta heurística adicional para resolver este tipo de problemas de los métodos clásicos. Mediante la representación de un enjambre de luciérnagas cuya función objetivo es determinar la mayor intensidad luminosa en el punto de éste permite modificar la velocidad de convergencia siendo más rápida mientras más lejos esté de la solución. La metodología propuesta se implementa en Matlab y para mostrar su capacidad se la aplica al Sistema Nacional Interconectado (SNI) determinando el despacho económico de las unidades térmicas para días laborables, fines de semana y feriados.

Abstract: This paper shows economic dispatch of thermal units of a real hydrothermal system using the firefly algorithm. Although the problem of dispatch of thermal units has been dealt in other research, in the present study it is considered as an objective function of dispatch of thermal units through their linear production cost with the consideration of binary constraints. The firefly algorithm has proven to have a high optimization capacity to determine an optimal point based on behavioral characteristics of nature such as genetic algorithms, but it is differentiated by the ability to make small adjustments near the solution. The firefly algorithm is implemented as an alternative solution due to that the mathematics classic methods present limitations in searching of the optimal solution for this kind of problems. The firefly swarm algorithm associates the objective function with light intensity, this property based in the brightness modifies the behavior of fireflies and makes possible a more rapid convergence towards global solutions. The proposed methodology is implemented in Matlab and its performance is evaluated using the National Interconnected System of Ecuador (SNI) to determine the economic load dispatch of thermal units on weekdays, weekends and holidays.

Abstract This document performs a bibliometric analysis of the topic “Environmental Economic Dispatch” to know the evolution and characteristics of its scientific production. A total of 736 documents published between 2000 and 2020 are analyzed and from these the 15 most relevant ones are extracted, these will be analyzed in detail taking into consideration indicators such as the year of publication, the subject, indexing journal, number of citations, the topic addressed and the proposed methodology. All the information was obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) database, which was used due to its high impact factor. In the methodology, the bibliometric analysis was performed in the Vosviewer software, the type of analysis used is that of citation and the units of analysis used are those of documents, sources, authors, organizations, and countries. The units of analysis have metrics and tables that help the reader to compile the information shown in a better way, taking into consideration the number of citations and the number of documents. In the literature review, the 15 most relevant documents obtained in the bibliometric analysis are analyzed in depth, and a table is attached as a summary of the subject matter and methodology proposed by these documents so that the reader will be able to identify each of them more quickly. The results highlight the most complete document for the proposed topics and the most cited document. This article will be a useful guide for researchers.

Resumen El presente documento realiza un análisis bibliométrico del tema “Environmental Economic Dispatch” para conocer la evolución y las características de su producción científica. Se analizan 736 documentos publicados entre 2000 y 2020 y de estos se extrae los 15 más relevantes, estos serán analizados a detalle tomando en consideración indicadores como el año de publicación, el tema, revista de indexación, cantidad de citas, la temática que aborda y la metodología propuesta. Toda la información se obtuvo de la base de datos Web Of Science (WOS), se empleó esta debido a su alto factor de impacto. En la metodología se expone en análisis bibliométrico que se realizó en el software Vosviewer, el tipo de análisis que se empleo es el de citación y las unidades de análisis trabajadas son las de documentos, fuentes, autores, organizaciones y países. Las unidades de análisis poseen métricas y tablas que ayuden al lector a recopilar la información mostrada de mejor manera, tomando en consideración la cantidad de citas y la cantidad de documentos. En la revisión literaria, se analiza a profundidad los 15 documentos más relevantes obtenidos en el análisis bibliométrico, además se adjunta una tabla a modo de resumen de la temática y metodología propuesta por estos documentos para que el lector sea capaz de identificar más rápido cada uno de estos. En los resultados se destaca el documento más completo para las temáticas propuestas y el documento más citado. Este artículo será una guía útil para los investigadores.

Abstract The objective of this article is to propose a novel method that uses hierarchical control to efficiently manage power resources in an isolated Direct Current (DC) microgrid. The scope of this paper is limited to a numerical study of the components of the micro-generation system using accurate mathematical models in a commercial simulation tool. The control methodology is based on power sharing by means of a hierarchical topology including several control layers. In particular, the internal control loops that regulate the electrical variables in individual generators are at the bottom of the hierarchy. In addition, the power-sharing technique distributes power at an intermediate level, and it is complemented by a Newton-Raphson optimization algorithm at the top, which aims to minimize the cost function. The cost of the microgrid is defined in terms of investment and maintenance indices. This study analyzes the case of a low-power isolated DC microgrid that combines an array of photovoltaic panels and a battery bank. The most relevant result was the optimization of its generation cost, which was verified using simulations of the control and power circuits. In conclusion, although simple, the proposed technique achieves efficient performance in managing the power resources of this microgrid under environmental disturbances.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo fue proponer un método para realizar la gestión eficiente de recursos energéticos en una microrred aislada en corriente continua, empleando control jerárquico. El alcance del trabajo se limitó a estudios numéricos a través de modelos matemáticos precisos en una herramienta de simulación comercial para los componentes del sistema de microgeneración eléctrica. La metodología del control se basó en el reparto de potencias mediante una topología jerárquica con diferentes capas de control. Específicamente, los lazos de control internos que regulan las variables eléctricas en generadores individuales están en la base de la jerarquía, la técnica de reparto de potencias realiza una distribución de energía a un nivel intermedio y se complementa en un nivel superior por un algoritmo de optimización del tipo Newton-Raphson, minimizando un funcional de costo. Dicho costo de la microrred es definido, a su vez, en términos de índices de inversión y mantenimiento. Asimismo, una microrred CC aislada y de baja potencia, constituida por un arreglo de paneles fotovoltaicos combinados con un banco de baterías, es analizada como caso de estudio. El resultado más importante correspondió con la verificación de la optimización del costo de generación mediante simulaciones para los circuitos de control y potencia. En conclusión, la técnica propuesta verifica, a pesar de su simplicidad, un desempeño eficiente para el manejo de recursos energéticos de la microrred ante perturbaciones del entorno.

ABSTRACT Currently, most isolated electrical systems that include generation sources based on fossil fuels, are being modified by hybrid generation schemes, taking advantage of recent advances in the area of renewable energy sources that reduce environmental impact and reduce dependence. from the incessant fluctuation of hydrocarbon prices. This thesis work is framed within the field of electrical microgrids without connection to the distribution network, also called isolated microgrids. The work begins with a characterization of existing electrical panorama on the community that project is develop. Meanwhile, is done a characterization of the community in deed. Next, the case study of the technical economic feasibility of the implementation of a microgrid in the Cocodrilo community is developed, located in an isolated area belonging to the Isla de la Juventud Special Municipality. This study makes it possible to identify the most convenient variant of electricity supply and energy dispatch for the existing conditions in the target community. Finally, the results obtained are electrically validated

RESUMEN Actualmente la mayoría de los sistemas eléctricos aislados que incluyen fuentes de generación basadas en combustibles fósiles están siendo modificados por esquemas de generación híbridos, aprovechando los recientes avances en el área de las fuentes renovables de energía que reducen el impacto ambiental y la dependencia de la incesante fluctuación de los precios de los hidrocarburos. El presente trabajo se enmarca en el ámbito de las microrredes eléctricas sin conexión a la red de distribución, también llamadas microrredes aisladas. Comienza con una caracterización del panorama eléctrico existente en la comunidad en la que se desarrolla el proyecto de microrred, así como una caracterización de la comunidad en sí. Se desarrolla el caso de estudio de la viabilidad técnico-económica de la implementación de una microrred en la comunidad Cocodrilo, enclavada en una zona aislada perteneciente al Municipio Especial Isla de la Juventud. Este estudio permite identificar la variante de suministro eléctrico y despacho energético más conveniente para las condiciones existentes en la comunidad objetivo. Por último, se validan eléctricamente los resultados obtenidos.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a atuação dos médicos do Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia (SEMTA) na Batalha da Borracha durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O esforço de guerra e os acordos firmados com os Estados Unidos em 1942 implicaram o envio massivo de mão de obra brasileira para os seringais amazônicos. O artigo mostra como o processo de recrutamento e seleção de homens oriundos de diversas partes da região Nordeste para a extração de látex expressou e foi conformado por problemas históricos da sociedade brasileira: doença, desnutrição e analfabetismo. Esses médicos deveriam recrutar milhares de trabalhadores em uma população pobre e marcada pela seca e deles cuidar até a viagem para a Amazônia. O processo foi marcado por enorme pressão dos EUA, do governo federal e de governos nordestinos para que os médicos e as agências envolvidas cumprissem as metas acordadas, e também por críticas de setores econômicos pela diminuição da oferta de mão de obra barata no Nordeste. A atuação desses médicos é reveladora sobre as dramáticas condições de vida de homens nordestinos selecionados para uma marcha que os transformaria, heroica e tragicamente, em ‘soldados da borracha’.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the participation of doctors from Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia (SEMTA) in the Battle for Rubber during the Second World War. The war effort and the agreements signed with the United States in 1942 implied the massive and urgent dispatch of Brazilian labor to the Amazonian rubber plantations. The article shows how the process of recruitment and selection of men from the northeast region for latex extraction revealed and bumped into historical problems of Brazilian society: disease, malnutrition, and illiteracy. These doctors should recruit thousands of workers in a poor, drought-stricken population and take care of them until they travel to the Amazon. It is a process marked by enormous pressure from the USA towards the federal government and northeastern governments to ensure that SEMTA and other agencies meet their agreed targets. Also, by criticism from economic sectors for the decrease in the supply of cheap labor in the Northeast.These doctors' performance reveals the dramatic living conditions of Northeastern men selected for a march that would heroically and tragically transform them into ‘rubber’s soldiers’.

Abstract The electrical system is becoming more robust with the insertion of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the need for energy autonomy by consumers, given that the current scenario is a growth in demand for electric energy. This paper aims to apply a computational model capable of determining the optimal hourly allocation of controllable loads in residence, as well as studying the optimal dispatch of residential microgrids considering management on the demand side. In addition, this paper presents an economic feasibility analysis of residential microgrids considering distributed generation from wind and solar sources, distributed storage, electric vehicles, and residential controllable loads. Thus, it was possible to conclude that in residence, the insertion of distributed energy generation and storage elements can present a significant reduction in electric energy costs, which can be even greater if these elements are associated with optimized controllable load management.

Abstract The emerging SARS-CoV-2, a novel human coronavirus, caused the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 9.5 million cases and 484 000 known fatalities to date (June 24th, 2020). In several regions, healthcare systems have collapsed whereas interventions applied to slow the viral spreading have had major social and economic impacts. After China, Europe, and the United States, Latin America has emerged as the new epicenter of the pandemic. By late-June, the region accounted for roughly 50% of global daily deaths (Gardner, 2020). The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region has been heterogenous as several countries are currently experiencing exponential growth of their daily cases and fatalities, while others have successfully controlled their corresponding outbreaks. Cuba confirmed its first COVID-19 cases in mid-March. After a three-month outbreak, the country recently began to move to a post-epidemic phase. This dispatch details some relevant aspects of the strategy deployed in Cuba to face the COVID-19 pandemic and to decrease the impact of this emerging disease in the country. In addition, it describes the evolution of some epidemiological variables which allowed the country to de-escalate some of the non-pharmaceutical interventions applied during the outbreak.

Frequent escalations in fuel costs, environmental concerns, and the depletion of non-renewable fuel reserves have driven the power industry to significant utilisation of renewable energy resources. These resources cannot satisfy the entire system load demand because of the intermittent nature of variable generation resources (VGRs) such as wind and solar. Therefore, there is a need to optimally schedule the generating units (thermal and VGRs) to reduce the amount of fuel used and the level of emissions produced. In this study, an AC-power flow in conjunction with combined economic and environmental dispatch approach through the implementation of a modified constricted coefficient particle swarm optimisation was used to minimise the fuel cost and the level of emission gases produced. The approach was applied to the Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers 30 bus test system through three different load conditions: base-load, increase-load and critical-load. The results showed the practicality of the proposed approach for the simultaneous reduction of the total generation cost and emission levels on a large electrical power grid while maintaining all the physical and operational constraints of the system. HIGHLIGHTS: • Considering several physical and environmental constraints of generating units. • Proposing a metaheuristic method based on swarm intelligence for solving AC-OPF problem. • Incorporation of variable generation resources in electricity spot markets. • Maximisation of social welfare and minimisation of total generation cost, while reducing the volume of pollutant gases.

Resumen En este documento se presenta una propuesta de simulación estocástica para determinar las incertidumbres en la inversión y el costo de incertidumbre de operación para una planta eólica. Tomando como objeto de estudio una planta eólica hipotética en El Cabo de la Vela, en La Guajira, Colombia, con las mismas características que la planta actual Jepirachi de EPM, donde se halla la función de densidad de probabilidad del valor presente neto del proyecto, y de esta forma evaluar qué tan probable es que éste sea rentable. Adicionalmente, se determina el costo de incertidumbre para la operación de la planta dependiendo de los diferentes escenarios mensuales de la energía primaria (velocidad del viento). Este costo se aproxima a una función cuadrática que sirve como elemento de costos en el problema de despacho económico cuando existen renovables. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y futuros desarrollos.

Abstract This document presents a proposal for stochastic simulation to determine the investment uncertainties and the uncertainty cost of operation for a wind power plant. Taking as a study object a hypothetical wind plant in Cabo de la Vela, in La Guajira, Colombia, with the same characteristics as the current Jepirachi plant of EPM, where the probability density function of the net present value of the project is found, and the probability of project profitability. Additionally, the uncertainty cost for the operation of the plant is determined depending on the different monthly scenarios of the primary energy (wind speed). This cost approximates a quadratic function that serves as a cost element in the problem of economic dispatch considering renewables. Finally, the results obtained and future developments are discussed.