RESUMEN El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo mejorar la eficiencia de la producción industrial en Azerbaiyán a través de un análisis integral de sus regiones. En la investigación se utilizan varios métodos, como el análisis analítico comparativo y un enfoque sistemático, utilizando categorías de desarrollo económico como productividad e innovación. El estudio subraya la importancia de considerar aspectos legales, políticos, económicos, morales y psicológicos para el desarrollo sistemático e integral de la producción industrial. Se enfatiza el papel regulador del Estado, las perspectivas de desarrollo sostenible en el sector no petrolero, el uso del capital humano para fomentar el espíritu empresarial a través de la competencia leal y la asignación estratégica de empresas industriales e inversiones entre regiones. Se hacen recomendaciones con el objetivo de atraer y mejorar las inversiones, resolver los desafíos socioeconómicos en las regiones y crear un mejor marco legal.

ABSTRACT The study aims at analyzing how to enhance industrial production efficiency in Azerbaijan through a comprehensive analysis of its regions. In the research, various methods are used such as comparative analytical analysis and a systematic approach, utilizing economic development categories like productivity and innovation. The study underscores the importance of considering legal, political, economic, moral, and psychological aspects for the systematic and comprehensive development of industrial production. It is emphasized the regulatory role of the state, prospects for sustainable development in the non-oil sector, the use of human capital to foster entrepreneurship through fair competition, and strategic allocation of industrial enterprises and investments across regions. Recommendations are made aiming at attracting and improve the investments, resolving socio-economic challenges in regions, and creating a better legal framework.

Resumo Insetos galhadores são abundantes na natureza, encontrados em muitos ecossistemas globalmente, com espécies atacando plantas de importância econômica. Os efeitos de herbívoros de alimentação livre na abundância de insetos galhadores em árvores de Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) no Cerrado brasileiro (Savana) foram estudados. A porcentagem de desfolha e o número de ácaros fitófagos ou de Hemiptera fitófagos correlacionaram-se, negativamente, com a percentagem de folhas galhadas e de adultos do parasitoide Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. Porcentagem de folhas galhadas e o número de Eurytoma sp. adultos e ácaros fitófagos correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com o de aranhas. Os números de ácaros e fitófagos Hemiptera correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com os de joaninhas e Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. O número de adultos de Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) correlacionou-se, negativamente, com Sycophila sp. O número de Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlacionou-se, negativa e positivamente, com os de joaninhas e ácaros fitófagos, respectivamente. Herbívoros de alimentação livre afetaram a presença de insetos galhadores (Hymenoptera) em árvores de C. brasiliense, competindo por alimento e espaço. O mesmo foi observado entre dois parasitoides de Eurytoma sp., o que pode reduzir o controle biológico natural dessa praga.

Abstract Galling insects are abundant in nature, found in many ecosystems globally, with species attacking plants of economic importance. We studied the effects of free-feeding organisms on the abundance of galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado (Savanna). Percentage of defoliation and the number of phytophagous mites or number of phytophagous Hemiptera correlated negatively with percentage of galled leaves and the parasitoid Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) adults, respectively. Percentage of galled leaves and the numbers of Eurytoma sp. adults and phytophagous mites correlated positively with spiders. Numbers of mites and Hemiptera phytophagous correlated positively with those of lady beetles and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectively. The number of Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) adults correlated negatively with Sycophila sp. The number of Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlated, negatively and positively, with those of lady beetles and phytophagous mites, respectively. Free-feeding herbivores affected the presence of galling insects (Hymenoptera) on C. brasiliense trees, competing for food and space. The same was observed between two parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. galling insect, which can reduce the natural biological control of this pest.

BACKGROUND: Gains in improving bank efficiency have widely been regarded as one of the most effective means of ensuring sustainability in a financial system. AIM: It is proposed in this article to measure monetary policy impulses and the dynamic panel data model to examine the linear relationship. SETTING: The nexus between financial structure and monetary policy impulses is analysed, considering 21 sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations during the time period from 2011 to 2022 METHOD: The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) analysis is employed to measure monetary policy impulses and the dynamic panel data model to examine the linear relationship. RESULTS: A significant positive association between competition in the banking system and monetary policy impulses was found. Monetary policy impulses are inversely and significantly related to financial development. Also, the size of the central bank has a significant positive influence on the effectiveness of monetary policy. CONCLUSION: The financial structure has a significant role to play in the monetary transmission mechanism and credit markets help propagate and amplify shocks to the macro-economy. CONTRIBUTION: The relationship between financial structure and monetary policy is not a one-way street as these variables tend to influence one another. Empirical literature on the subject is not very recent and come to differing conclusions, hence the rationale for conducting this article in SSA, employing both the structural VAR model and the dynamic panel data model.

BACKGROUND: Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) are obsessed with implementing digital business strategy in global competition, but there is limited knowledge about how and when the MNEs can achieve performance. AIM: This study aims to clarify the influence of digital business strategy on MNEs' performance in South Africa, and whether this impact is mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning and moderated by organisational memory level and dispersion. SETTING: Senior executives from the MNEs participated in the year-long survey. Before the survey, the participants were communicated and agreed, and the survey was completed by email. METHOD: Two-stage data from 314 MNEs in South Africa were obtained. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes Process Macros were used. RESULTS: The results show that digital business strategy positively influenced performance, and the relationship was mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning. Organisational memory level and dispersion had an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digital business strategy and exploratory and exploitative learning. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first insight into the relationship between digital business strategy and MNEs' performance in South Africa. It reveals the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions of this relationship, making an important contribution to the literature concerning digital business strategy. CONTRIBUTION: This study encourages MNEs in South Africa to implement digital business strategies according to local conditions. What's more, exploratory and exploitative learning is a strategic process that cannot be ignored, and moderate organisational memory can help these MNEs benefit from digital business strategy better.

ORIENTATION: The rapid competition among companies puts pressure on managers to maintain their business's competitive advantage. However, because of the massive competition and economic downturn during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, financial scandals occurred at a much higher rate than in the past. This phenomenon has caused organisational leaders to shift their focus from material concerns to ethical leadership contexts in the workplace. It has a strong correlation with employee attitudes RESEARCH PURPOSE: This research examined the effects of ethical leadership on work engagement and knowledge sharing, which influence job performance and commitment among employees to the organisations MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Investigating the relationship between ethical leadership, work engagement, and knowledge sharing among employees in Indonesia can provide insight on strategies to enhance employees' job performance and commitment to the organisation. It plays an important role in significantly obtaining organisational outcomes and goals MAIN FINDINGS: A survey was conducted with 670 Indonesian government employees, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to validate the research framework. The results showed that ethical leadership significantly affects employees' work engagement and knowledge-sharing, which further enhances employees' job performance and commitment to organisations. Furthermore, the mediator variables partially mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and outcome variables (e.g., employees' job performance and organisational commitment PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The leaders of public organisations should address moral and rational concerns to improve service quality in society. Additionally, it should be centred on purifying employees' and organisation leaders' ethical concerns and communication patterns to promote society's service quality CONTRIBUTION: The research outcomes provide insight into the fact that leadership style plays an important role in employees' attitudes and commitment. Hence, the organisation leaders should apply it to enhance employees' commitment to organisations and performance

Resumen Realizamos un análisis comparativo de las regulaciones de competencia económica y comercio internacional entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá. Observamos una correlación cuantitativa positiva entre el volumen de comercio regional y la entrada en vigor de legislación de competencia y comercio en Norteamérica. Adicionalmente, utilizamos el método deductivo para identificar las implicaciones jurídicas de la interrelación de las materias en estudio. Concluimos que la regulación comercial debería adoptar un enfoque transversal de competencia para maximizar el bienestar social tanto nacional como regional, en el marco del T-MEC. Además, se sugiere homologar criterios administrativos y judiciales en materia de competencia para hacer de Norteamérica una región económica más predecible en términos legales, reformando legislaciones potenciales distorsionadoras de eficiencias productivas, como la Webb-Pomerene Act de Estados Unidos.

Abstract A comparative analysis was used to assess the antitrust and international trade rules between Mexico, the United States and Canada. We observed a positive quantitative correlation between the volume of regional trade and the entry into force of competition and trade legislation in North America. Additionally, we use the deductive method to identify the legal implications of the interrelation of the subjects under study. We conclude that the commercial regulation should adopt a transversal approach to competition to maximize both national and regional social welfare, within the framework of the USMCA. In addition, it is suggested to standardize administrative and judicial criteria in matters of competition to make North America a more predictable economic region in legal terms, reforming potentially distorting legislation of productive efficiencies, such as the Webb-Pomerene Act of the United States.

Resume Nous effectuons une analyse comparative des réglementations de la concurrence économique et du commerce international entre le Mexique, les États-Unis et le Canada. Nous observons une corrélation quantitative positive entre le volume du commerce régional et l’entrée en vigueur de la législation sur la concurrence et le commerce en Amérique du Nord. De plus, nous utilisons la méthode déductive pour identifier les implications juridiques de l’interrelation des sujets à l’étude. Nous concluons que la réglementation commerciale devrait adopter une approche de concurrence croisée pour maximiser le bien-être social national et régional, dans le cadre du T-MEC. En outre, il est suggéré d’uniformiser les critères administratifs et judiciaires en matière de concurrence pour faire de l’Amérique du Nord une région économique plus prévisible sur le plan juridique, en réformant la législation potentiellement faussée de l’efficacité productive, telle que la Webb-Pomerene Act des États-Unis.

ABSTRACT Globalization and world development have increased competition in the markets and challenges to companies, situations that arise in the Department of San Marcos, one of the country's most critical and important commercial points. In this context, the sustainability of family MSMEs is essential and complex, for which they lack specific instruments that make it easier for them to achieve it; for this reason, a study was carried out to design a strategic management model adapted to its characteristics and challenges. The investigation was of a mixed approach. The existing situation was diagnosed, different theoretical and applied contributions were evaluated, and a model was designed using theoretical and empirical methods, mainly the survey technique. The fundamental results were the disclosure of the deficiencies and threats they face and the creation of the projected model, whose implementation could help owners, managers, and collaborators to make correct and timely decisions in the operation of their businesses, maintaining the family character, which that will contribute to its stability and the economic and social development of the territory and the country. This article presents a synthesis of the work carried out.

RESUMEN La globalización y el desarrollo mundial han incrementado la competencia en los mercados y los retos a las empresas, situaciones que se presentan en el Departamento de San Marcos, uno de los puntos comerciales más álgidos e importantes del país. En ese contexto, la sostenibilidad de las MiPymes familiares es importante y compleja, para lo cual carecen de instrumentos específicos; realidad que motivó ejecutar un estudio con el objetivo de diseñar un modelo de gestión estratégica adaptado a sus características y desafíos. La investigación fue de enfoque mixto, se diagnosticó la situación existente, se evaluaron diferentes aportes teóricos y aplicados y se diseñó un modelo mediante la utilización de métodos teóricos y empíricos y principalmente la técnica de la encuesta. Los resultados fundamentales fueron: la revelación de sus deficiencias y amenazas que enfrentan y la creación del modelo proyectado, cuya implementación podría servir a propietarios, directivos y colaboradores para tomar decisiones acertadas y oportunas en la operación de sus negocios, manteniendo el carácter familiar, lo que contribuirá a su estabilidad y al desarrollo económico y social del territorio y del país. En el presente artículo se expone una síntesis del trabajo realizado.

Resumo A partir de exegeses e análises econômicas de Marx e de importantes economistas marxistas, buscou-se apresentar pressupostos teóricos sobre a relação entre teoria do valor e organização econômica da sociedade. Apreendendo determinações do mercado capitalista, com destaque para a vigência da forma mercadoria e da concorrência entre os capitais, indicou-se como a manifestação do valor das mercadorias pelo seu preço tanto impossibilita o planejamento econômico pelo tempo de trabalho socialmente necessário, como incide em processos de redistribuição de valor na esfera da circulação. Estas determinações capitalistas atuam como uma força cega que impedem o controle consciente da organização econômica. marxistas buscouse buscou se sociedade capitalista capitais indicouse indicou necessário circulação

Abstract Based on exegeses and economic analyses by Marx and important Marxist economists, it sought to present theoretical assumptions about the relationship between theory of value and the economic organization of society. Apprehending determinations of the capitalist market, with emphasis on the validity of the commodity form and competition between capitals, it was indicated how the manifestation of the value of commodities by their price both makes economic planning impossible for the socially necessary labour time, as well how it affects the redistribution processes of value in the sphere of circulation. These capitalist determinations act as a blind force that prevents conscious control of economic organization. economists society market capitals time circulation

Abstract The general framework of economic deregulation, mobility of production factors and digitalization of the economy accelerated the processes of harmful tax competition and aggressive tax planning, increasing the problems related to the determination of tax rights and the sharing of profits among States, and putting into question the rules of the international tax regime. Since the 2008 crisis, this regime has undergone important changes, with emphasis on the Global Tax Agreement, in 2021. Having as a theoretical reference the normative debate around questions of justice in the international tax regime, mainly based on cosmopolitanism and internationalism, this article analyzes this reform process.

Resumo O quadro geral de desregulamentação econômica, de mobilidade dos fatores de produção e de digitalização da economia acelerou os processos de competição fiscal prejudicial e de planejamento tributário agressivo, aumentando os problemas relacionados à determinação dos direitos fiscais e à partilha de lucros entre os Estados, e colocando em causa as regras do regime tributário internacional. Desde a crise de 2008, o referido regime passou por importantes reformas, com destaque para o Acordo Tributário Global, em 2021. Tendo como referência teórica o debate normativo em torno de questões de justiça no regime tributário internacional, principalmente o cosmopolitismo e o internacionalismo, este artigo analisa esse processo de reforma.

Abstract This article examines the principles of environmental law and its relationship with business rights, as well as the principles of regulation of energy law, particularly those related to economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. We consider both principles must be harmonized through competition law considering energy sustainability. Likewise, the collaboration among governments, companies, environmentalists, and consumer organizations is necessary to design a regulation articulating a new understanding of rights toward sustainable energy management.

Resumen El artículo examina los principios del derecho ambiental y su relación con los derechos empresariales, así como los principios de regulación del derecho energético, en particular, los relativos a la eficiencia económica y de sostenibilidad ambiental. Nuestra premisa es que ambos principios deben armonizarse a través del derecho de competencia en clave de sostenibilidad energética. Así mismo, que es necesaria la colaboración de gobiernos, empresas y organizaciones de ambientalistas y consumidores para el diseño de una regulación que articule un nuevo entendimiento de los derechos hacia una gestión energética sostenible.

ABSTRACT In this quantitative study, through Multiple Correspondence Analysis, we explored the existence of a statistically significant association between conventional and alternative organizational characteristics and the attribution of satisfaction or dissatisfaction at work. The study had 172 respondents participating in an online survey. The results indicate that all characteristics of conventional organizations, to a greater or lesser extent, were associated with the perception of dissatisfaction, whereas characteristics of alternative organizations, in the same way, were associated with satisfaction. Four dimensions of comparison between conventional and alternative organizational modes stood out in terms of contribution and relevance, namely: i) technical orientation (efficiency versus conviviality); ii) economic orientation (growth versus sufficiency); iii) commercial orientation (market versus community); and iv) inter-organizational orientation competition vers(us cooperation). The results, specifically, show that the technical orientation toward productive efficiency, as well as the commercial orientation toward the market, is, at a strong level, associated with dissatisfaction, while the cooperative inter-organizational orientation is strongly associated with satisfaction. The investigation sheds light on a better understanding of organizational modes that oppose the dominant conventional logic.

RESUMO Neste estudo quantitativo, por meio da Análise de Correspondência Múltipla, exploramos a existência de associação estatisticamente significativa entre as características organizacionais convencionais e alternativas e a atribuição da satisfação ou insatisfação no trabalho. O estudo contou com 172 respondentes participantes de uma survey online. Os resultados indicam que todas as características de organizações convencionais, em maior ou menor nível, associaram-se à percepção de insatisfação, enquanto características de organizações alternativas, da mesma forma, associaram-se à satisfação. Quatro dimensões de comparação entre modos organizacionais convencionais e alternativos se destacaram quanto à contribuição e relevância, a saber: i) orientação técnica (eficiência versus convivencialidade), ii) orientação econômica (crescimento versus suficiência), iii) orientação comercial (mercado versus comunidade) e, iv) orientação interorganizacional (competição versus cooperação). Os resultados, especificamente, apontam que a orientação técnica para a eficiência produtiva, assim como a orientação comercial para o mercado estão, em nível forte, associadas à insatisfação, enquanto que a orientação interorganizacional cooperativa está fortemente associada à satisfação. A investigação lança luz para o melhor entendimento sobre modos organizacionais que se contrapõem à lógica convencional dominante.

ABSTRACT Native species planted in areas previously occupied by degraded pasture can play an important role in biomass supply and atmospheric carbon sequestration. Evaluating the performance of native species in different planting spacings becomes important for forestry and the management of new species with economic potential. Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum is a non-traditional species in the southeastern region of Brazil and it was established in pasture areas to evaluate growth, biomass, and carbon stock. Five planting spacings (3 m x 2 m, 3 m x 3 m, 4 m x 3 m, 4 m x 4 m, and 5 m x 5 m, in monoculture) were tested in 9 experimental plots. The biomass of the shoot and root, as well as the carbon content, were obtained by the direct method. The biomass varied 31.4 and 52.9 kg tree-1 in the spacing 3 m x 2 m and 5 m x 5 m, respectively. The greater carbon stock was observed in the lower spacing (19.43 Mg ha-1), 50% higher than in the larger spacing. The spacing did not influence the biomass and carbon stock in the roots per unit area. The performance of the species should be monitored at advanced ages given the different responses to planting spacing and competition between plants.

RESUMO Espécies nativas plantadas em locais anteriormente ocupados por pastagem degradada podem desempenhar um papel importante no suprimento de biomassa e no sequestro de carbono atmosférico. Avaliar o desempenho das espécies nativas em diferentes espaçamentos de plantio se torna importante para a silvicultura e o manejo de novas espécies com potencial econômico. Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum é uma espécie não tradicional na região sudeste do Brasil, e foi estabelecida em área de pastagem com objetivo de avaliar o crescimento, a biomassa e o estoque de carbono. Foram testados cinco espaçamentos de plantio em monocultivo (3 m x 2 m, 3 m x 3 m, 4 m x 3 m, 4 m x 4 m e 5 m x 5 m) com 9 parcelas experimentais. A biomassa da parte aérea e radicular, bem como o teor de carbono foram obtidos por meio do método direto. A biomassa variou 31.4 and 52.9 kg árvore-1 nos espaçamentos 3 m x 2 m e 5 m x 5 m, repectivamente. O maior estoque de carbono foi observado no espaçamento mais adensado (19.43 Mg ha-1), sendo 50% maior do que no espaçamento menos adensado. O espaçamento não influenciou a biomassa e o estoque de carbono nas raízes por unidade de área. O desempenho da espécie deveria ser monitorado em idades avançadas dado as diferentes respostas ao espaçamento de plantio e competição entre plantas.

Resumen Con el objetivo de hacer recomendaciones de política pública para regular eficientemente las Finanzas Descentralizadas (DeFi), realizamos un estudio exploratorio que examina el estado del arte, organiza el debate público y analiza las aplicaciones de esta nueva tecnología. Encontramos que DeFi tiene el potencial de aumentar la eficiencia en los mercados financieros, promover la competencia, mejorar el acceso al capital y contribuir al crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, también presenta desafíos sustanciales como la accesibilidad para el usuario, estabilidad del mercado, competencia justa y Estado de Derecho. El crecimiento del mercado de DeFi depende de abordar con éxito las preocupaciones de inversionistas, consumidores y autoridades, sin sobre regular la tecnología hasta el punto de la ineficiencia y el desuso. Teniendo en cuenta las implicaciones para las políticas de competencia y el crecimiento económico, exploramos la aplicabilidad de una regulación integrada y equilibrada, que promete cerrar la brecha entre innovación y regulación. La principal limitación de este estudio está relacionada con la constante evolución de esta tecnología, sin embargo, este documento puede allanar el camino para futuras investigaciones.

Abstract In order to make public policy recommendations to efficiently regulate Decentralized Finance (DeFi), we conducted an exploratory study examining the state of the art, organizing the public debate and analyzing real-world applications of this cutting-edge technology. We found that DeFi has the potential to increase efficiency in financial markets, promote competition, improve access to capital and contribute to economic growth. For all its potential benefits, however, the technology also presents substantial challenges in the form of user accessibility, market stability, fair competition and law enforcement. Growth of the emerging DeFi market depends on successfully addressing the concerns of investors, consumers and authorities without simultaneously regulating the technology into inefficiency and disuse. Taking into account the implications of DeFi for antitrust policies and economic growth, we explore the applicability of a balanced embedded-regulation, which holds promise as a bridge between innovation and regulation. The main limitation of this study is related to the constantly-evolving nature of DeFi technology. Recommendations for its regulation may vary as new evidence becomes available, but this document may pave the way for further research.

Abstract Currently, organizations seek to develop and promote knowledge management, with the aim of improving performance and results, constantly implementing innovation, as a strategy that allows corporate agility. Within organizations, new knowledge is generated day by day and experiences are constantly accumulated, which need to be analyzed to build a shared organizational learning base that enhances the exchange of knowledge for the correct work execution. Goal of this article is getting an approximation for validating if the high volatility of the economic environment coupled with the wide competition that exists today, force organizations to implement corporate agility; taking the theory of knowledge management as a reference, and thereby determining if volatility generates a flow of new knowledge within organizations, thus allowing the coexistence between corporate agility, knowledge management and intellectual capital.

Resumen Hoy en día las organizaciones buscan desarrollar e impulsar la gestión del conocimiento, con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento y los resultados, implementando constantemente la innovación, como estrategia que permita la agilidad corporativa. Dentro de las organizaciones se generan nuevos conocimientos día a día y se acumulan experiencias de manera constante, que requieren ser analizadas para construir una base compartida de aprendizaje organizacional, que potencialice el intercambio de conocimiento para la ejecución correcta del trabajo. El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo, una aproximación a validar si la alta volatilidad del entorno económico aunado a la amplia competencia existente hoy en día, obligan a las organizaciones a implementar el principio de agilidad corporativa; tomando como referente la teoría de la gestión del conocimiento, y con ello determinar si la volatilidad genera un flujo de nuevos conocimientos dentro de las organizaciones, permitiendo con ello, la coexistencia entre el principio de agilidad corporativa, gestión del conocimiento y capital intelectual.

Globalization and world development have increased competition in the markets and challenges to companies, situations that arise in the Department of San Marcos, one of the country's most critical and important commercial points. In this context, the sustainability of family MSMEs is essential and complex, for which they lack specific instruments that make it easier for them to achieve it; for this reason, a study was carried out to design a strategic management model adapted to its characteristics and challenges. The investigation was of a mixed approach. The existing situation was diagnosed, different theoretical and applied contributions were evaluated, and a model was designed using theoretical and empirical methods, mainly the survey technique. The fundamental results were the disclosure of the deficiencies and threats they face and the creation of the projected model, whose implementation could help owners, managers, and collaborators to make correct and timely decisions in the operation of their businesses, maintaining the family character, which that will contribute to its stability and the economic and social development of the territory and the country. This article presents a synthesis of the work carried out.

La globalización y el desarrollo mundial han incrementado la competencia en los mercados y los retos a las empresas, situaciones que se presentan en el Departamento de San Marcos, uno de los puntos comerciales más álgidos e importantes del país. En ese contexto, la sostenibilidad de las MiPymes familiares es importante y compleja, para lo cual carecen de instrumentos específicos; realidad que motivó ejecutar un estudio con el objetivo de diseñar un modelo de gestión estratégica adaptado a sus características y desafíos. La investigación fue de enfoque mixto, se diagnosticó la situación existente, se evaluaron diferentes aportes teóricos y aplicados y se diseñó un modelo mediante la utilización de métodos teóricos y empíricos y principalmente la técnica de la encuesta. Los resultados fundamentales fueron: la revelación de sus deficiencias y amenazas que enfrentan y la creación del modelo proyectado, cuya implementación podría servir a propietarios, directivos y colaboradores para tomar decisiones acertadas y oportunas en la operación de sus negocios, manteniendo el carácter familiar, lo que contribuirá a su estabilidad y al desarrollo económico y social del territorio y del país. En el presente artículo se expone una síntesis del trabajo realizado.

A globalização e o desenvolvimento mundial aumentaram a competição nos mercados e os desafios às empresas, situações que surgem no Departamento de San Marcos, um dos pontos comerciais mais críticos e importantes do país. Neste contexto, a sustentabilidade da família MiPymes é importante e complexa, para a qual carecem de instrumentos específicos; realidade que motivou a realização de um estudo com o objetivo de desenhar um modelo de gestão estratégica adaptado às suas características e desafios. A investigação teve uma abordagem mista, diagnosticou-se a situação existente, avaliaram-se diferentes contributos teóricos e aplicados e desenhou-se um modelo através da utilização de métodos teóricos e empíricos e principalmente da técnica de inquérito. Os resultados fundamentais foram: a divulgação das suas deficiências e ameaças que enfrentam e a criação do modelo projetado, cuja implementação poderá ajudar os proprietários, gestores e colaboradores a tomarem decisões corretas e atempadas na condução dos seus negócios, mantendo o caráter familiar, o que contribuirá para a sua estabilidade e para o desenvolvimento económico e social do território e do país. Este artigo apresenta uma síntese do trabalho realizado.