Resumen (Objetivo) En este articulo se describe el proceso de elaboración de una Guia de valoración de la idoneidad didáctica de un proceso de estudio del concepto de diferencial de una función. El objetivo que se persigue es proponer un instrumento que promueva, oriente y apoye el análisis y la reflexión del profesorado en torno a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del concepto de diferencial. (Metodologia) El metodo de investigación empleado es el análisis de contenido y toma como punto de partida la revision sistematica de los conocimientos didactico-matematicos en investigaciones claves. El análisis esta orientado por las dimensiones o facetas que intervienen en un proceso educativo: epistémica, cognitiva, afectiva, instruccional y ecologica cuyos componentes y criterios se fundamentan en noción de idoneidad didáctica propuesta por el enfoque ontosemiotico del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos (EOS). (Resultados) La construccion de la Guia de valoración de la idoneidad didáctica introduce una metodologia para la reconstruccion del significado de referencia para el estudio de la diferencial en sus diversas facetas. Ademas, esta guía representa una herramienta potente para el profesor en el momento del diseño, implementación y valoración de procesos de estudio teniendo en cuenta los diversos significados de la diferencial, sus conexiones, sus potenciales conflictos semióticos y sus relaciones con otros conceptos. (Conclusiones) En línea con el marco teorico de referencia, se concluye que su uso idoneo permitiria al profesor tomar decisiones didácticas argumentadas sobre la propia gestión del proceso didactico teniendo en cuenta el contexto educativo.

Resumo (Objetivo) Este artigo descreve o processo de elaboração de um guia para avaliar a adequação didatica de um processo a fim de estudar o conceito de diferencial de uma função. O objetivo buscado e propor um instrumento que promova, oriente e apoie a analise e a reflexão dos professores sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem do conceito de diferencial. (Metodologia) O metodo de pesquisa utilizado e a analise de conteúdo e tem como ponto de partida a revisão sistematica do conhecimento didatico-matematico em pesquisas-chave. A analise esta norteada pelas dimensões ou facetas que intervêm em um processo educacional: epistêmica, cognitiva, afetiva, instrucional e ecologica cujos componentes e criterios se baseiam na noção de adequação didatica proposta pela abordagem ontosemiotica do conhecimento e da instrução matematica (EOS). (Resultados) A construção do Guia de avaliação da adequação didatica introduz uma metodologia para a reconstrução do significado de referência para o estudo da diferencial em suas varias facetas. Alem disso, esse guia representa uma ferramenta poderosa para o professor ao projetar, implementar e avaliar processos de estudo, levando em conta os diferentes significados da diferencial, suas conexões, seus possiveis conflitos semioticos e suas relações com outros conceitos. (Conclusões) De acordo com o marco teorico de referência, conclui-se que seu uso ideal permitiria que o professor tomasse decisões didaticas fundamentadas sobre a propria gestão do processo didatico, considerando o contexto educacional.

Abstract (Objective) This article describes the process of preparing a Guide for the Assessment of Didactic Suitability of a process for studying the concept of the differential of a function. The objective of this exercise was to propose an instrument to promote, guide and support teachers’ analysis of, and reflection on, teaching and learning processes of the differential concept. (Methodology) The research method used was content analysis, and its starting point was a systematic review of didactic-mathematical knowledge in key research. The analysis was guided by the dimensions or facets that characterize an educational process - epistemic, cognitive, affective, instructional and ecological - whose components and criteria are based on the notion of didactic suitability proposed in the Onto-semiotic Approach to Mathematical Knowledge and Instruction (OSA). (Results) The construction of the Didactic Suitability Assessment Guide introduced a methodology for the reconstruction of the reference meaning for the study of various facets of the differential. In addition, this guide represents a powerful tool for teachers at the time of designing, implementing. and evaluating study processes, taking into account the various meanings of the differential, its connections, its potential semiotic conflicts and its relationships with other concepts. (Conclusions) In line with the theoretical reference framework, it is concluded that its ideal use would allow teachers to make informed decisions about management of the didactic process, taking into account its educational context.

Abstract. To address the issue of the urban Anthropocene, it is proposed to inquire into memories, socio-ecological practices, and collaborative relationships among living ecosystems. Based on ethnographic work and secondary sources from three urban situations in Santiago de Chile -garden, square, and third ruderal landscape- the objective is to understand the collaborative interaction between the human and the non-human. The working hypothesis suggests that it is in the expressive and collaborative gestures of subjectivities, desires, and imag inaries that transformative, ecologically sustainable capacities emerge, opening the way to public spaces in cohabitation with living ecosystems. It is concluded that although the three experiences have not been integrated by urban policies, they constitute political exercises and acts of vita activa in the face of urban ecological crisis, opening paths for a collaborative anthropology framed within an ecology of diverse practices and knowledge.

Resumen. Para tratar el problema del Antropoceno urbano se propone interrogar las memorias, las prácticas socioecológicas y las relaciones colaborativas entre ecosistemas vivos. A partir del trabajo etnográfico y fuentes secundarias de tres situaciones urbanas en Santiago de Chile -jardín, plaza y tercer paisaje ruderal-, el objetivo es comprender la interacción colaborativa entre lo humano y lo no-humano. La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que es en los gestos expresivos y colaborativos de subjetividades, deseos e imaginarios que surgen capacidades transformadoras, ecológicamente sustentables y que abren el camino hacia espacios públicos en cohabitación entre ecosistemas vivos. Se concluye que a pesar de que las tres experiencias no han sido integradas por las políticas urbanas, estas constituyen ejercicios políticos y de vita activa frente a la crisis ecológica urbana, lo que abre vías para una antropología colaborativa que se enmarca en una ecología de las prácticas y saberes diversos.

Abstract Background: Utricularia jamesoniana, a small epiphytic plant found in wet tropical forests, stands out for its carnivorous habit, intricate trap system, and small but beautiful and complex flowers. This species remains relatively understudied despite its wide geographical distribution and curious adaptations. Questions: Our aim is to elucidate the composition of bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting both the bladders and leaves of Utricularia jamesoniana, facilitating the comprehension of the physiology and ecological dynamics of this carnivorous species. Methods: In this study, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing to compare the prokaryotic and fungal communities within leaves and traps of U. jamesoniana. Results: The analysis of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) unveiled notable differences in community composition depending on the plant tissue and type of microorganism. Prokaryotic communities predominantly comprised Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, featuring genera such as Acidocella, Bradyrhizobium, Ferritrophicum, and Ferrovum. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, encompassing representatives of Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Agaricomycetes, as well as ASVs related to Mycosphaerellaceae, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, and Thanatephorus. We determined that the prokaryotic diversity was higher in the bladders with respect to the leaves. Fungal communities, in turn, were more diverse in leaves than in bladders. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the microbial communities associated with this carnivorous epiphyte and provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships between the plant and its microbial inhabitants across different tissues.

Resumen Antecedentes: Utricularia jamesoniana es una pequeña planta epífita que se encuentra en bosques tropicales húmedos. Destaca por su hábito carnívoro, su intrincado sistema de trampas y sus pequeñas pero complejas flores. A pesar de su amplia distribución geográfica y sus curiosas adaptaciones, esta especie sigue estando relativamente poco estudiada. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es dilucidar la composición de las comunidades bacterianas y fúngicas asociadas tanto en los utrículos como en las hojas de Utricularia jamesoniana, facilitando la comprensión de la fisiología y la dinámica ecológica de esta especie carnívora. Métodos: Empleamos la secuenciación de los marcadores 16S ARNr e ITS para comparar las comunidades procariotas y fúngicas dentro de hojas y trampas de U. jamesoniana. Resultados: El análisis de las variantes de secuencia de amplicones (ASVs) reveló notables diferencias en la composición de la comunidad dependiendo del tejido vegetal y del tipo de microorganismo. Las comunidades procariotas estaban compuestas predominantemente por Proteobacteria y Actinobacteriota, incluyendo los géneros Acidocella, Bradyrhizobium, Ferritrophicum y Ferrovum. Las comunidades fúngicas estaban dominadas por Ascomycota y Basidiomycota, con representantes de Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes y Agaricomycetes; así como ASVs relacionados con Mycosphaerellaceae, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus y Thanatephorus. La diversidad procariota es más alta en los utrículos con respecto a las hojas, pero las comunidades fúngicas fueron más diversas en las hojas que en los utrículos Conclusiones: Este estudio arroja luz sobre las comunidades microbianas asociadas a esta epífita carnívora y proporciona valiosos conocimientos sobre las intrincadas relaciones entre la planta y los habitantes microbianos asociados a sus diferentes tejidos.

Abstract In this paper, I present the results of ethnographic research that analyzes the social effects on peasant communities (dedicated to working the land and fishing in the river) due to the delivery of compensation and the carrying out of works for the installation of the hydroelectric dam “El Quimbo”, located in the inter-Andean valleys of the Upper Magdalena River basin, in Huila, Colombia. Those lands were flooded in 2015, and affected people received different treatments that changed their relationships with the land, the river and their communities. Thus, the theoretical contribution of the article lies in the dialogue between ecological economics and economic anthropology, hence I describe the effects of restricting to a value paid in cash or measured in productivity regarding the social value of the elements present in the territory (land, river, forest) and community relations. Methodologically, six standard-situations were constructed inductively based on interviews and conversations collected in fieldwork that covered various moments between 2010 and 2021. The six standard-situations evince the effects on the social positions of affected groups: some partially reproduced their relations with the land; some began a situation of new subordination; and others were expropriated from the reproduction of their previous social relations. I complemented the article with secondary sources based on a review of archives, newspapers, and public documents of the company and the social movement.

Resumo No artigo, apresento os resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica que analisa os efeitos sociais sobre as comunidades camponesas (dedicadas ao trabalho da terra e a pescaria no rio) pela entrega das compensações e a realização das obras na instalação do projeto hidrelétrico “El Quimbo”, localizado nos vales interandinos do Alto Magdalena, em Huila, Colômbia. Aquelas terras foram inundadas em 2015, e os atingidos receberam diferentes tratamentos que modificaram suas relações com a terra, o rio e suas comunidades. Assim, a contribuição teórica do artigo está no diálogo entre a economia ecológica e a antropologia econômica a partir da qual descrevo os efeitos de restringir o valor social dos elementos presentes no território (terra, rio, floresta) e das relações comunitárias por um valor a ser pago em dinheiro ou medido em produtividade. Metodologicamente, foram construídas de forma indutiva seis “situações-tipo” baseadas em entrevistas e conversas coletadas durante trabalho de campo, que abarcou vários momentos entre 2010 e 2021 e permitiu demonstrar os efeitos nas posições sociais ocupadas pelos atingidos: camponeses que puderam reproduzir parcialmente suas relações com a terra, aqueles que ficaram em uma situação de nova subordinação, e os que foram expropriados da reprodução de suas relações sociais anteriores. As informações foram complementadas com fontes secundárias baseadas em revisão de arquivos, jornais e documentos públicos da empresa e do movimento social.

Abstract Introduction: Echinoderms, an integral component of marine ecosystems worldwide, have captivated scientific interest for centuries. Despite this longstanding attention, comprehending key facets such as trophic relationships, diet composition, and host-microbiota relationships still represents a challenge using traditional techniques. Recent years, however, have witnessed a transformative shift, thanks to the emergence of advanced molecular techniques, offering new approaches to strengthen ecological studies in echinoderms. Objective: Explore how recent advancements in molecular tools have impacted ecological research on echinoderms. Specifically, we aim to investigate the potential of these tools to shed light on trophic interactions, diet composition, and the characterization of gut microbial communities in these organisms. Methods: Available literature was used to clarify how novel molecular techniques can improve ecological studies. The focus is diet, trophic relationships, and gut microbiota. Results: Traditionally, studies of stomach contents using compound microscopy have provided an idea of ingested material; nevertheless, sometimes a simple magnified visualization of dietary content does not allow exhaustive identification of the entire food spectrum, as it is limited due to the rapid digestion and maceration of food items within the echinoderm’s digestive tract. The use of DNA-metabarcoding, targeting specific DNA regions, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, has allowed us to enhance the accuracy and precision of diet characterization by enabling the identification of prey items down to the species or even genetic variant level, providing valuable insights into specific dietary preferences. Another approach is the use of stable isotopes, particularly carbon and nitrogen, which provide a powerful tool to trace the origin and flow of nutrients through food webs. By analyzing the isotopic signatures in muscular tissues and food items, we can discern the sources of their primary food items and gain insights into their trophic position within the ecosystem. Lastly, a third new technique used to elucidate the characterization of the prokaryotic community is 16S rRNA sequencing. This method allows us to explore the composition and dynamics of the digestive tract microbial communities. Conclusions: This is a promising era for ecological research on echinoderms, where advances of molecular tools have enabled an unprecedented level of detail, resolving longstanding challenges in comprehending their trophic interactions, diet composition, and host-microbiota relationships, and opening new avenues of investigation in ecological studies.

Resumen Introducción: Los equinodermos, un componente integral de los ecosistemas marinos en todo el mundo, han captado el interés científico durante siglos. A pesar de esta prolongada atención, el comprender facetas clave como las relaciones tróficas, la composición de la dieta y las relaciones huésped-microbiota todavía representa un desafío utilizando técnicas tradicionales. Sin embargo, los últimos años han sido testigos de un cambio transformador, gracias a la aparición de técnicas moleculares avanzadas, que ofrecen nuevos enfoques para fortalecer los estudios ecológicos en equinodermos. Objetivo: Explorar cómo los avances recientes en herramientas moleculares han impactado la investigación ecológica sobre equinodermos. Específicamente, nuestro objetivo es investigar el potencial de estas herramientas para arrojar luz sobre las interacciones tróficas, la composición de la dieta y la caracterización de las comunidades microbianas intestinales en estos organismos. Métodos: Se utilizó la literatura disponible para aclarar cómo las nuevas técnicas moleculares pueden mejorar los estudios ecológicos. La atención se centra en la dieta, las relaciones tróficas y la microbiota intestinal. Resultados: Tradicionalmente, los estudios del contenido estomacal mediante microscopía compuesta han proporcionado una idea del material ingerido; Sin embargo, a veces una simple visualización ampliada del contenido dietético no permite una identificación exhaustiva de todo el espectro alimentario, ya que está limitado debido a la rápida digestión y maceración de los alimentos dentro del tracto digestivo del equinodermo. El uso de metabarcoding de ADN, dirigidos a regiones específicas del ADN, como el gen COI mitocondrial, nos ha permitido mejorar la exactitud y precisión de la caracterización de la dieta al permitir la identificación de presas hasta el nivel de especie o incluso de variante genética, lo que proporciona valiosos resultados sobre preferencias dietéticas específicas. Otro enfoque es el uso de isótopos estables, en particular carbono y nitrógeno, que proporcionan una poderosa herramienta para rastrear el origen y el flujo de nutrientes a través de las redes alimentarias. Al analizar las firmas isotópicas en los tejidos musculares y los alimentos, podemos discernir las fuentes de sus alimentos primarios y obtener información sobre su posición trófica dentro del ecosistema. Por último, una tercera técnica nueva utilizada para dilucidar la caracterización de la comunidad procariótica es la secuenciación del ARNr 16S. Este método nos permite explorar la composición y dinámica de las comunidades microbianas del tracto digestivo. Conclusiones: Esta es una era prometedora para la investigación ecológica sobre equinodermos, donde los avances de las herramientas moleculares han permitido un nivel de detalle sin precedentes, resolviendo desafíos de larga data en la comprensión de sus interacciones tróficas, composición de la dieta y relaciones huésped-microbiota, y abriendo nuevas vías de investigación. en estudios ecológicos.

Abstract Social capital is a theoretical construct that proposes scenarios where values such as cooperation, communication, and trust between people can create an ideal environment for solving socio-environmental problems. Ecological restoration is gaining momentum, since 2021-2030 is currently the “Decade of United Nations about Ecosystem Restoration”. However, several authors consider that ecological restoration, in addition to repairing an ecosystem, should aim to generate collective actions, social learning, new human values, and new political relationships with nature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of the social capital in the permanence of two participatory restoration projects, in two marginalized traditional indigenous communities in Mexico, through the case study and participant observation methodology. Clear evidence was found that differences in the levels of social capital between the two communities affected the permanence of the two projects.

Resumen El capital social es un constructo teórico que propone escenarios donde valores como la cooperación, la comunicación y la confianza entre las personas pueden crear un ambiente ideal para la solución de problemas socioambientales. Por su parte, la restauración ecológica está ganando impulso, ya que 2021-2030 será “La Década de la Restauración de los Ecosistemas”. Sin embargo, varios autores consideran que la restauración ecológica, además de reparar un ecosistema, debe tener como objetivo generar acciones colectivas, aprendizajes sociales, nuevos valores humanos y nuevas relaciones políticas con la naturaleza. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la importancia del capital social en la permanencia de dos proyectos de restauración participativa, en dos comunidades indígenas tradicionales marginadas de México, a través de la metodología de estudio de caso y de observación participante. Se encuentran evidencias de que las diferencias en los niveles de capital social entre las dos comunidades afectaron la permanencia de los dos proyectos.

Abstract: The milpa landscape is a territory where there is a close relationship between the Mayan populations and the forest manifested in agroecosystem management strategies such as: the milpa, the home garden and the secondary vegetation. The milpa landscape faces multiple socio-environmental pressures that require transdisciplinary analytical frameworks that allow its comprehensive understanding. The objective of this work is to analyze through variables that allow us to deepen into the socioecological relationships established by the human and biophysical components of southern Yucatán. The framework of socio-ecological systems was used, for its operationalization secondary information was reviewed and 257 surveys were applied in two municipalities. The results show that socioecological relationships are influenced by aspects of governance and land tenure. The milpa system prevails in livelihoods, but coexists with factors such as the loss of the Mayan language, the low generational change, the market economy, the high prevalence of agrochemicals and weather patterns. It is proposed that efforts based on the revaluation of the milpa, the participatory integration of knowledge and the development of adaptive governance schemes could have positive repercussions on sustainability if this biocultural landscape. Abstract vegetation socioenvironmental socio environmental understanding Yucatán ecological used 25 municipalities tenure livelihoods language change economy patterns 2

Resumen: El paisaje milpa es un territorio con una marcada relación entre las poblaciones mayas y las selvas que se manifiestan en estrategias de manejo de los agroecosistemas locales: la milpa, el huerto familiar y la vegetación secundaria. El paisaje milpa enfrenta múltiples presiones socioambientales que requieren de marcos analíticos transdiciplinarios que permitan su comprensión integral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar en las interacciones que establecen los componentes humanos y biofísicos. Se utilizó el marco de sistemas socioecológicos, para su operacionalización se revisó información secundaria y se aplicaron 257 encuestas en dos municipios. Los resultados muestran que las relaciones socioecológicas son influenciadas por aspectos de gobernanza y la tenencia de la tierra. El sistema milpa prevalece en los medios de vida, pero coexistiendo con factores que amenazan su estabilidad como la pérdida de la lengua maya, el bajo relevo generacional, la economía de mercado, el alto empleo de agroquímicos y los patrones climáticos. Se concluye que esfuerzos basados en la revalorización de la milpa, la integración participativa de conocimientos y el desarrollo de esquemas de gobernanza adaptativa podrían repercutir positivamente en la sostenibilidad de este paisaje cultural. Resumen locales integral biofísicos socioecológicos 25 municipios tierra vida maya generacional mercado climáticos cultural 2

Abstract This ecological, time-trend study examined rates of homicide against women residing in Brazil, by state and race/colour, from 2016 to 2020, by performing. Multiple analysis by regression model on longitudinal data. During the study period, 20,405 homicides of women were recorded in Brazil. Standardised homicides rates were higher among black women (6.1/100,000) than among white women (3.4/100,000). From 2016 to 2020, rates decreased 25.2%, from 4.7 deaths per 100,000 women in 2016 to 3.5 in 2020, with a statistically significant downward trend among both black and white women. Statistically significant inverse relationships were found between female homicide rates and HDI, illiteracy rate and proportion of ill-defined causes. The average homicide rate decreased in 2019 and 2020, as compared with 2016. Despite the decreasing time trend in homicide rates for both black and white women, they differed substantially by race, with worse outcomes for black women. ecological timetrend Brazil racecolour race colour race/colour 201 2020 performing data period 20405 20 405 20,40 6.1/100,000 61100000 6 1 100 000 (6.1/100,000 3.4/100,000. 34100000 3.4/100,000 . 3 4 (3.4/100,000) 252 25 2 25.2% 47 7 4. 100000 100,00 35 5 3. HDI illdefined ill defined causes 202 2040 40 20,4 6.1/100,00 6110000 10 00 (6.1/100,00 3410000 3.4/100,00 (3.4/100,000 25.2 10000 100,0 204 20, 6.1/100,0 611000 0 (6.1/100,0 341000 3.4/100,0 (3.4/100,00 25. 1000 100, 6.1/100, 61100 (6.1/100, 34100 3.4/100, (3.4/100,0 6.1/100 6110 (6.1/100 3410 3.4/100 (3.4/100, 6.1/10 611 (6.1/10 341 3.4/10 (3.4/100 6.1/1 61 (6.1/1 34 3.4/1 (3.4/10 6.1/ (6.1/ 3.4/ (3.4/1 6.1 (6.1 3.4 (3.4/ 6. (6. (3.4 (6 (3. ( (3

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as taxas de homicídios contra mulheres residentes no Brasil, segundo unidades da federação e raça/cor, no período de 2016 a 2020. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de tendência temporal. Foi realizada análise múltipla adotando-se modelo de regressão para dados longitudinais. No período, ocorreram no Brasil 20.405 homicídios de mulheres e as taxas padronizadas mostraram que as mulheres negras (6,1/100.000) apresentaram as maiores taxas, em comparação às brancas (3,4/100.000). O Brasil apresentou queda de 25,2% de 2016 a 2020. A taxa de homicídio variou de 4,7 mortes por 100 mil mulheres em 2016 para 3,5 em 2020, mas a tendência decrescente e estatisticamente significante foi observada nas taxas de mulheres negras e brancas. As variáveis IDH, taxa de analfabetismo e proporção de causas mal definidas apresentaram uma relação inversa e estatisticamente significante com as taxas de homicídio de mulheres. Nos anos de 2019 e 2020 houve uma diminuição da taxa média de homicídio em relação ao ano de 2016. Apesar do decrescimento na evolução temporal das taxas para negras e brancas, houve diferenças raciais importantes nos homicídios de mulheres, com piores resultados para as mulheres negras. raçacor raça cor raça/cor 201 Tratase Trata se adotandose adotando longitudinais 20405 20 405 20.40 6,1/100.000 61100000 6 1 000 (6,1/100.000 3,4/100.000. 34100000 3,4/100.000 . 3 4 (3,4/100.000) 252 25 2 25,2 47 7 4, 10 35 5 3, IDH 202 2040 40 20.4 6,1/100.00 6110000 00 (6,1/100.00 3410000 3,4/100.00 (3,4/100.000 25, 204 20. 6,1/100.0 611000 0 (6,1/100.0 341000 3,4/100.0 (3,4/100.00 6,1/100. 61100 (6,1/100. 34100 3,4/100. (3,4/100.0 6,1/100 6110 (6,1/100 3410 3,4/100 (3,4/100. 6,1/10 611 (6,1/10 341 3,4/10 (3,4/100 6,1/1 61 (6,1/1 34 3,4/1 (3,4/10 6,1/ (6,1/ 3,4/ (3,4/1 6,1 (6,1 3,4 (3,4/ 6, (6, (3,4 (6 (3, ( (3

ABSTRACT Brazil has been suffering a dengue (DENV) epidemic in 2019 and 2022 and records cases of Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). Londrina city, Paraná, stands out for the number of cases and deaths from dengue. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the density and diversity of mosquitoes present in urban public establishments of Londrina, to analyze their ecological relationships, and to investigate the presence of the DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Ovitraps were installed in outdoor sites in two public establishments in each region of Londrina, while adult culicids were caught indoors with a Nasci aspirator. A total of 5077 eggs were obtained in 77 ovitraps. The South region had the highest infestation while the East had the lowest (Ovitrap Positivity Index: 38% and 25%; Egg Density Index: 67.83 and 19.03, respectively). From eggs, 704 Aedes aegypti females and 71 Aedes albopictus females were obtained, while in the aspiration of adults, 99 A. aegypti and 11 Culex quinquefasciatus were captured, the highest number in the West and the lowest in the North. The DENV-II virus was detected in a pool of 17 A. aegypti females in the West region. The results demonstrate high density of pathogen vector species, mainly A. aegypti, in and around establishments, alerting to the need for constant local entomological surveillance to prevent viral circulation, mainly in crowded places. The presence of A. albopictus around the establishments also alerts to the urbanization of the species and potential participation in the viral circulation, demonstrating the need for constant monitoring. DENV (DENV 201 202 ZIKV (ZIKV CHIKV . (CHIKV) city Paraná Therefore relationships aspirator 507 7 ovitraps Ovitrap Index 38 25% 25 6783 67 83 67.8 1903 19 03 19.03 respectively. respectively respectively) 70 adults 9 1 captured North DENVII II circulation places monitoring 20 (CHIKV 50 3 2 678 6 8 67. 190 0 19.0 5 19.

Resumo: Uma controvérsia sobre o aumento ou declínio da vasectomia está surgindo; no entanto, as evidências ainda são escassas na América Latina. Este estudo ecológico analisou as tendências de vasectomia e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) em um período de dez anos no Chile e determinou se há alguma relação entre elas. Este é um estudo ecológico misto utilizando dados secundários e representativos sobre o número de vasectomias e casos de DSTs de 2008 a 2017. As taxas de vasectomia foram calculadas por grupos etários, considerando homens de 20-59 anos de idade e DSTs específicas (HIV, clamídia, gonorreia, tricomoníase e sífilis) para o mesmo período. Modelos de regressão binomial negativa multivariada foram ajustados para avaliar tendências e relações entre taxas. A média de idade da vasectomia foi de 40,3 anos, sem diferenças significativas entre os anos do estudo (p = 0,058). A taxa geral de vasectomia aumentou significativamente de 2008 a 2017 (p < 0,001), com diferenças entre grupos etários (p < 0,001). O aumento mais significativo foi observado em homens de 30-49 anos (p < 0,001). As taxas de DST aumentaram significativamente (p < 0,05) durante o período de estudo. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre as taxas de vasectomia e as taxas de incidência de gonorreia (p = 0,008) e uma correlação inversa com as taxas de incidência de hepatite B (p = 0,002). As tendências de vasectomia e as taxas de DST aumentaram significativamente de 2008 para 2017 no Chile, especialmente entre homens de 30-49 anos. A relação entre vasectomia e incrementos de DST sugere um novo fator de risco para políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva para auxiliar no controle da epidemia de HIV e DST. Resumo surgindo entanto Latina (DST elas 200 2059 20 59 20-5 HIV, (HIV clamídia sífilis 403 40 3 40, p 0,058. 0058 0,058 . 0 058 0,058) 201 0,001, 0001 0,001 , 001 0,001) 0,001. 3049 30 49 30-4 0,05 005 05 0,008 0008 008 0,002. 0002 0,002 002 0,002) 205 2 5 20- 4 000 0,00 00 304 30- 0,0 0,

Abstract: A controversy about the increase or decline of vasectomy is emerging; however, the evidence is still scarce in Latin America. This ecological study analyzed the vasectomy and sexual transmitted diseases (STD) trends over a period of 10 years in Chile and determined if there is any relationship between them. We conducted a mixed ecological study using secondary and representative data on the number of vasectomies and STD cases from 2008 to 2017. Vasectomy rates were calculated for age-specific groups of men aged 20-59 years, and specific STD (HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis) for the same period. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were fitted to evaluate rate trends and relationships. The mean vasectomy age was 40.3 years, with no significant differences between the years of the study (p = 0.058). The overall vasectomy rate significantly increased from 2008 to 2017 (p < 0.001), with differences between age groups (p < 0.001). The most significant increase was observed in men aged 30-49 (p < 0.001). The STD rates significantly increased (p < 0.05) during the study period. A significant positive correlation was found between vasectomy and gonorrhea incidence rates (p = 0.008) and an inverse correlation was found with hepatitis B incidence rates (p = 0.002). Vasectomy trends and STD rates significantly increased from 2018 to 2017 in Chile. especially among men aged 30-49 years. The relationship between vasectomy and STD increments suggests a new risk factor for reproductive and sexual health policies to aid controlling the HIV and STD epidemic. Abstract emerging however America (STD 1 them 200 agespecific 2059 20 59 20-5 HIV, (HIV chlamydia trichomoniasis syphilis relationships 403 40 3 40. p 0.058. 0058 0.058 . 0 058 0.058) 201 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 0.001. 3049 30 49 30-4 0.05 005 05 0.008 0008 008 0.002. 0002 0.002 002 0.002) epidemic 205 2 5 20- 4 000 0.00 00 304 30- 0.0 0.

Resumen: Se viene surgiendo una controversia sobre el aumento o la disminución de la vasectomía; sin embargo, la evidencia aún es escasa en América Latina. Este estudio ecológico analizó las tendencias de la vasectomía y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) durante un período de 10 años en Chile y determinó si existe alguna relación entre ellas. Este es un estudio ecológico mixto que utiliza datos secundarios representativos sobre el número de vasectomías y casos de ETS de 2008 a 2017. Las tasas de vasectomía se calcularon por grupos de edad teniendo en cuenta a hombres entre 20-59 años de edad y ETS específicas (VIH, clamidia, gonorrea, tricomoniasis y sífilis) para el mismo período. Los modelos de regresión binomial negativa multivariante se ajustaron para evaluar las tendencias y las relaciones entre las tasas. La edad media de la vasectomía fue de 40,3 años, sin diferencias significativas entre el período del estudio (p = 0,058). La tasa general de vasectomía tuvo un incremento significativo para el período de 2008 a 2017 (p < 0,001), con diferencias entre los grupos de edad (p < 0,001). El incremento más significativo se observó en hombres de entre 30-49 años (p < 0,001). Las tasas de ETS tuvieron una alza significativa (p < 0,05) durante el período de estudio. Hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre las tasas de vasectomía y las tasas de incidencia de gonorrea (p = 0,008) y una correlación inversa con las tasas de incidencia de hepatitis B (p = 0,002). Se concluye que las tendencias de la vasectomía y las tasas de ETS presentaron un incremento significativo en período de 2008 a 2017 en Chile, especialmente entre los hombres de entre 30-49 años. La relación entre la vasectomía y el incremento de las ETS puede ser un nuevo factor de riesgo para las políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva que puede ayudar a controlar la epidemia del VIH y las ETS. Resumen embargo Latina (ETS 1 ellas 200 2059 20 59 20-5 VIH, (VIH clamidia sífilis 403 40 3 40, p 0,058. 0058 0,058 . 0 058 0,058) 201 0,001, 0001 0,001 , 001 0,001) 0,001. 3049 30 49 30-4 0,05 005 05 0,008 0008 008 0,002. 0002 0,002 002 0,002) 205 2 5 20- 4 000 0,00 00 304 30- 0,0 0,

Abstract For the Caatinga vegetation, it has not yet been definitively established which adaptive strategies best define the functional groups of woody plants and which syndromes emerge from the relationships between functional traits to achieve success in a semi-arid tropical region. To fill some of these gaps, we analyzed a specific set of characteristics that make up the LHS scheme of the plant ecological strategy (leaf-heigh-seed). The LHS scheme captures the functional niche of plants regarding the functional traits specific leaf area (SLA), plant height (HE), and seed mass (SM). We associate wood density (WD) to this scheme because this trait is a key feature for the identification of functional strategies in seasonally dry vegetation such as the Caatinga. We measured these characteristics in eight woody species and classified them according to their leaf phenology into deciduous and evergreen. The experiment was carried out between December 2017 and November 2018 in Caatinga areas located in the municipality of Barra de Santana, PB, a semiarid region of Brazil. Using cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analyses, we found significant relations between SLA and SM, and HE and WD. The SLA was the main predictor of plant strategy in the Caatinga. According to this characteristic, we identified two functional groups: species with a low SLA and species with a high SLA. We also recognized differences between deciduous and evergreen species based on the same trait. The traits measured, which represent the axes of the plant ecological strategy scheme LHS and wood density, are efficient in the discrimination of functional groups in the Brazilian semiarid. These groups relate to leaf phenology of woody species in this vegetation. semi arid gaps leafheighseed. leafheighseed heigh . (leaf-heigh-seed) SLA, , (SLA) HE, (HE) SM. SM (SM) WD (WD 201 Santana PB Brazil PCA (PCA analyses characteristic (leaf-heigh-seed (SLA (HE (SM 20 2

Resumo Para a vegetação de Caatinga ainda não foi estabelecido de forma contundente quais são as estratégias adaptativas que melhor definem os grupos funcionais das lenhosas e também quais são as síndromes que emergem das relações entre os traços funcionais para alcançar o sucesso em uma região semiárida tropical. Com o objetivo de preencher algumas dessas lacunas, analisamos um conjunto específico de características que compõem o esquema LHS da estratégia ecológica vegetal (altura-folha-semente). Com o objetivo de preencher lacunas sobre grupos funcionais na vegetação da Caatinga, analisamos um conjunto específico de características que compõem o esquema LHS da estratégia ecológica vegetal (altura-folha-semente). O esquema LHS captura o nicho funcional das plantas em relação às características funcionais área foliar específica (SLA), altura da planta (HE) e massa da semente (SM). Associamos a densidade da madeira (WD) a este esquema porque esta característica é chave para a identificação de estratégias funcionais em vegetações sazonalmente seca como a Caatinga. Medimos essas características em oito espécies lenhosas classificadas de acordo com sua fenologia foliar em decíduas e perenes. O experimento foi realizado entre dezembro de 2017 e novembro de 2018 em áreas de Caatinga localizadas no município de Barra de Santana, PB, região semiárida do Brasil. Utilizando análises de cluster, componentes principais (PCA) e correlação de Pearson, encontramos relações significativas entre SLA e SM, e HE e WD. O SLA foi o principal preditor da estratégia da planta na Caatinga. De acordo com esta característica, identificamos dois grupos funcionais: espécies com baixa SLA e espécies com alta SLA. Também reconhecemos diferenças entre espécies decíduas e perenes com base na mesma característica. As características medidas, que representam os eixos do esquema de estratégia ecológica vegetal LHS e densidade da madeira, são eficientes na discriminação de grupos funcionais no semiárido brasileiro. Esses grupos estão relacionados à fenologia foliar de espécies lenhosas desta vegetação. tropical alturafolhasemente. alturafolhasemente folha . (altura-folha-semente) SLA, , (SLA) (HE SM. SM (SM) WD (WD 201 Santana PB Brasil cluster PCA (PCA Pearson medidas brasileiro (altura-folha-semente (SLA (SM 20 2

Abstract Delimiting species is challenging in recently diverged species, and adaptive radiation is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary processes because it requires multiple ecological opportunities associated with adaptation to biotic and abiotic environments. The young Petunia genus (Solanaceae) is an excellent opportunity to study speciation because of its association with pollinators and unique microenvironments. This study evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among a Petunia clade species with different floral syndromes that inhabit several environments. We based our work on multiple individuals per lineage and employed nuclear and plastid phylogenetic markers and nuclear microsatellites. The phylogenetic tree revealed two main groups regarding the elevation of the distribution range, whereas microsatellites showed high polymorphism-sharing splitting lineages into three clusters. Isolation by distance, migration followed by new environment colonization, and shifts in floral syndrome were the motors for lineage differentiation, including infraspecific structuring, which suggests the need for taxonomic revision in the genus. environments Solanaceae (Solanaceae microenvironments range polymorphismsharing polymorphism sharing clusters distance colonization differentiation structuring

Abstract The big-headed Amazon River turtle, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, is endemic to the Orinoco and Amazon River basins. It is a food source for local communities, often unsustainably. Knowledge about P. dumerilianus’ parasitological fauna and host-parasite relationships is limited. Thus, ecological aspects of gastrointestinal parasitism in this species were investigated. Helminths were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 21 turtles, morphologically identified, and infection descriptors calculated. All animals harbored helminths: nematodes Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus, Paratractis hystrix, Atractis trematophila, Klossinemella conciliatus indeterminate three Klossinemella species, and digeneans Nematophila grandis, Helicotrema spirale, and Telorchis hagmanni. The highest parasite load occurred in the large intestine, followed by the small intestine and stomach. Shell length directly correlated with parasite burden of heteroxenic helminths, with males having higher burden than females. This is the first record of A. trematophila, K. conciliatus, and T. hagmanni in P. dumerilianus, and new location record for A. trematophila, P. hystrix, N. grandis, H. spirale, and T. hagmanni. Three potentially new Klossinemella species are presented. bigheaded big headed turtle dumerilianus basins communities unsustainably P hostparasite host limited Thus investigated 2 turtles identified calculated helminths pinnatifidus hystrix trematophila grandis spirale stomach females A K T N H presented

Resumo O cabeçudo, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, é endêmico das bacias dos rios Orinoco e Amazonas. Ele é uma fonte de alimento para as comunidades locais, frequentemente de maneira insustentável. O conhecimento sobre a fauna parasitológica de P. dumerilianus e suas relações hospedeiro-parasito são limitados. Assim, investigou-se os aspectos ecológicos do parasitismo gastrointestinal nessa espécie. Helmintos encontrados no trato gastrointestinal de 21 tartarugas, foram identificados morfologicamente e descritores de infecção calculados. Todos os animais abrigavam helmintos: nematoides Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus, Paratractis hystrix, Atractis trematophila, Klossinemella conciliatus e três espécies de Klossinemella indeterminados, além dos digenéticos Nematophila grandis, Helicotrema spirale e Telorchis hagmanni. A maior carga parasitária ocorreu no intestino grosso, seguida pelo intestino delgado e estômago. O comprimento da carapaça correlacionou-se diretamente com a carga de parasitos de helmintos heteroxênicos, e os machos apresentaram uma carga parasitária maior que as fêmeas. Este é o primeiro registro de A. trematophila, K. conciliatus e T. hagmanni em P. dumerilianus, e um novo registro de local para A. trematophila, P. hystrix, N. grandis, H. spirale e T. hagmanni. Três potenciais novas espécies de Klossinemella são apresentadas. cabeçudo Amazonas locais insustentável P hospedeiroparasito hospedeiro parasito limitados Assim investigouse investigou se espécie 2 tartarugas calculados pinnatifidus hystrix trematophila indeterminados grandis grosso estômago correlacionouse correlacionou heteroxênicos fêmeas K T N H apresentadas

Abstract Astyanax lacustris is a small characid fish widely distributed in Brazil, with fast-growing and omnivorous feeding habits. Although the species presents economic and ecological importance, little is known about its parasitological fauna in stream environments. This study aimed to characterize the parasitic fauna of A. lacustris in two streams in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifty-two specimens of A. lacustris were collected, 22 from the Carolina stream (Lower Iguaçu River) and 30 from the Carreira stream (Upper Paraná River), in July and September 2018. In both streams, there was a low richness of parasites, and the structure of the parasitic community was predominantly composed of monogeneans. These findings may be associated with the gregarious behavior of the host species. Moreover, the low occurrence of endohelminths, may be associated with the fact that in streams, the energy flow is low, and depends directly on the input of allochthonous matter, which favors the formation of shelters for the establishment of macroinvertebrates, which represent important sources of food for the ichthyofauna, and may act as intermediate and paratenic hosts of parasites. These environments require further studies to support conservation measures aimed at maintaining the balance of ecological relationships in these preserved ecosystems. Brazil fastgrowing fast growing habits importance A Fiftytwo Fifty collected 2 Lower River 3 Upper River, , 2018 parasites monogeneans Moreover endohelminths matter macroinvertebrates ichthyofauna ecosystems 201 20

Resumo Astyanax lacustris é um caracídeo de pequeno porte, amplamente distribuído no Brasil, com hábito alimentar onívoro e rápido crescimento. Embora a espécie tenha importância econômica, pouco se sabe sobre sua fauna parasitológica em ambientes de riacho. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a fauna parasitária de A. lacustris em dois riachos do estado do Paraná. Foram coletados 52 exemplares de A. lacustris, sendo 22 no riacho Carolina (baixo rio Iguaçu) e 30 no riacho Carreira (alto rio Paraná), nos meses de julho e setembro de 2018. Em ambos os riachos, houve baixa riqueza de parasitos e a estrutura da comunidade parasitária foi caracterizada pela predominância de monogenéticos. Esses achados podem estar associados ao comportamento gregário da espécie hospedeira. Ademais, a baixa ocorrência de endohelmintos pode estar associada ao fato de que, nos riachos, o fluxo de energia é baixo e depende diretamente do aporte de matéria alóctone, que favorece a formação de abrigos para o estabelecimento de macroinvertebrados, os quais representam uma das principais fontes de alimento da ictiofauna, e podem atuar como hospedeiros intermediários e paratênicos de parasitos. Esses ambientes necessitam de mais estudos para subsidiar medidas de conservação que visem manter o equilíbrio das relações ecológicas nesses ecossistemas preservados. porte Brasil crescimento econômica A Paraná 5 2 Iguaçu 3 alto Paraná, , Paraná) 2018 monogenéticos hospedeira Ademais alóctone macroinvertebrados ictiofauna preservados 201 20

Given the complexity of integrating and forecasting the interconnected effects of body size, population dynamics, and energy availability, theoretical approaches that link ecological and computational knowledge are required. Individual attributes, such as body size, exert influence and are, in turn, influenced by community structure. Distinguishing between the processes that generate population patterns and making predictions poses a challenge in theoretical ecology, drawing on concepts ranging from traditional natural philosophy to contemporary physical sciences. To address this challenge, our research proposes a computational model for conducting theoretical-exploratory simulations of a biological community, incorporating body size, density, and population dynamics based on the Metabolic Theory of Ecology principles. This community includes reproductive and non-reproductive individuals transitioning between feeding and reproductive areas. Accounting for seasonal limits and finite energy, we delineate the dynamic relationship between body size and population abundance. Additionally, we present a temporal simulation of allometric exponents describing the density pattern. The findings highlight the importance of considering energetic limitations to maintain the relationship between body size and population density and present the possibility of temporally modeling the allometric exponent of this demographic pattern. availability required attributes turn structure ecology sciences theoreticalexploratory exploratory principles nonreproductive non areas abundance Additionally pattern