ABSTRACT: Marine wetlands are intertidal areas with depths less than six meters, which stand out for their high biodiversity and the ecosystem services they offer. They are important environments for various species of aquatic birds, especially those belonging to the Anatidae family, which includes ducks, swans and geese. The objective of this work was to study the diversity of waterfowl present in the Caulín marine wetland, located in Chiloé, southern Chile. During the winter seasons of 2012, 2014 and 2015, the diversity of waterfowl was monitored using the transect technique. The Caulín marine wetland is an important site for the conservation of waterfowl, hosting nine species, of which four are classified as conservation problems and five are species of hunting permitted in Chile. The observed diversity and high abundance of some species, such as the Black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) and the Yellow-billed Teal (Anas flavirostris), highlight the ecological relevance of this wetland as refuge and feeding area for aquatic birds. Finally, it is recommended that the Canal de Chacao Hunting Prohibited Area continue to exist, along with the implementation and strengthening of specific conservation measures that address local threats.

RESUMEN: Los humedales marinos son áreas intermareales con profundidades menores a seis metros, que destacan por su alta biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrecen. Son ambientes importantes para diversas especies de aves acuáticas, especialmente aquellas pertenecientes a la familia Anatidae, que incluye a patos, cisnes y gansos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la diversidad de aves anátidas presentes en el humedal marino de Caulín, ubicado en la isla grande de Chiloé, sur de Chile. Durante las temporadas invernales de los años 2012, 2014 y 2015, se monitoreó la diversidad de aves anátidas mediante la técnica de transecto de recorrido y observación. El humedal marino de Caulín es un sitio de importancia para la conservación de aves anátidas, albergando a nueve especies, de las cuales cuatro están clasificadas como en problemas de conservación y cinco son especies de caza permitida en Chile. La diversidad observada y la alta abundancia de algunas especies, como el cisne de cuello negro (Cygnus melancoryphus) y el pato jergón chico (Anas flavirostris), destacan la relevancia ecológica de este humedal como refugio y área de alimentación de aves acuáticas. Finalmente, es recomendable que continúe existiendo el Área Prohibida de Caza Canal de Chacao, junto con la implementación y fortalecimiento de medidas de conservación específicas que aborden las amenazas locales.

Resumo Relações tróficas moldam a estrutura dos ecossistemas ao regular o fluxo de energia e o ciclo de nutrientes, impactando o consumo de presas e promovendo adaptações comportamentais nas espécies de presas para mitigar riscos. Embora muito seja conhecido sobre o comportamento antipredador de peixes em ambientes marinhos, pouco se sabe sobre essas dinâmicas em ambientes de água doce. Investigamos o comportamento antipredador de um peixe da planície de inundação amazônica, Crenuchus spilurus, em diferentes complexidades estruturais de habitat. Através de experimentos, examinamos como o número de indivíduos (1 e 4 indivíduos) e a complexidade estrutural do habitat (baixa, média, alta e muito alta) influenciam a resposta do peixe à presença de predadores. Grupos pequenos apresentaram maior distância de iniciação de fuga (DIF) do que indivíduos solitários, sugerindo uma estratégia de defesa coletiva contra predadores em aproximação. A complexidade estrutural do habitat não teve um efeito direto sobre a DIF. Além disso, observamos variações no uso de refúgios pelos peixes em diferentes complexidades estruturais de habitat. Esses achados ressaltam a interação entre fatores comportamentais e ambientais na adaptação das presas ao risco de predação em ecossistemas aquáticos. nutrientes riscos marinhos doce amazônica spilurus experimentos 1 ( baixa, baixa (baixa média DIF (DIF solitários aproximação disso aquáticos

Abstract Trophic relationships shape ecosystem structure by regulating energy flow and nutrient cycling, impacting prey consumption and prompting behavioral adaptations in prey species to mitigate risks. While much is known about fish antipredator behavior in marine environments, less is understood about these dynamics in freshwater environments. We investigated the antipredator behavior of an Amazonian floodplain fish, Crenuchus spilurus, across different habitat structural complexities. Through experiments, we examined how the number of individuals (1 and 4 individuals) and habitat structural complexity (low, medium, high, and very high) influence the fish response to predator presence. Small groups showed longer flight initiation distance (FID) than solitary individuals, suggesting a possible collective defense strategy against approaching predators. The structural complexity of the habitat did not have a direct effect on FID. Additionally, we noted variations in refuge usage by the fish across different habitat structural complexities. These findings underscore the interplay between behavioral and environmental factors in prey adaptation to predation risk in aquatic ecosystems. cycling risks environments spilurus complexities experiments 1 ( low, low (low medium high presence FID (FID predators Additionally ecosystems

RESUMEN Durante 2020 ocurrió un evento de mortalidad masiva del pez Canthigaster rostrata en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo (Regama), en la costa Caribe sur de Costa Rica; mismo que se suma a registros previos en esta localidad. El evento se compuso de individuos con longitud estándar y peso promedio de 40,59 ± 3,82 mm y 0,91 ± 0,27 g, considerados adultos sexualmente inmaduros. La distribución de tallas fue similar a la observada durante un evento de mortalidad en 2017, también en Regama. Aunque los eventos de mortalidad registrados en Regama ocurrieron durante meses considerados cálidos, no es posible establecer una relación causa-efecto entre mortalidad y la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM), dados los pocos registros existentes. No obstante, se debe tener en cuenta que la TSM puede ser un facilitador de otros procesos ecológicos que, en conjunto, incidan sobre la mortalidad de esta especie.

ABSTRACT During 2020 a massive mortality event of the Atlantic sharpnose puffer (Canthigaster rostrata) was recorded in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge (Regama), on the southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica; same that adds to previous reports in the locality. The 2020 event consisted of individuals with an average standard length of 40.59 ± 3.82 mm and a weight of 0.91 ± 0.27 g, being considered sexual immature adults. Size distribution was similar to that observed during another mass mortality event also in the Regama during 2017. Although the mortality events reported in the Regama occurred during months considered warm, it is not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship between mortality and SST, given the few existing records. However, it must be taken into account that SST can be a facilitator of other ecological processes that, together, may affect the mortality of this species.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los ambientes costeros como la zona entremareal y los arrecifes rocosos y coralinos están expuestos a perturbaciones naturales como las mareas, tormentas, huracanes y ciclones y actividades humanas como la pesca, turismo y contaminación. La hipótesis del refugio profundo postula que los organismos que pueden habitar a mayores profundidades serían menos vulnerables a los impactos antropogénicos, el calentamiento superficial del mar derivado del efecto invernadero y a la acidificación del océano provocada por el incremento en la presión parcial de CO2. En consecuencia, los arrecifes rocosos o coralinos profundos podrían funcionar como un “seguro” contra los efectos del cambio climático. Objetivos. Analizar variables abióticas y bióticas del ecosistema mesofótico del archipiélago Espíritu Santo, BCS para considerarlo como refugio ante perturbaciones relacionadas con el cambio climático. Métodos. Batimetría, determinación de la zona euofótica, perfiles de temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno disuelto, muestreos en aguas someras y profundas, recolección de agua para análisis del sistema de carbonatos, videotransectos con vehículos de operación remota para la identificación de especies bénticas y estimación de su abundancia, incluyendo las de importancia comercial o de conservación. Cálculo de índices ecológicos y del índice de función arrecifal. Resultados. La profundidad máxima registrada fue de 78 m y el inicio de la zona mesofótica (10% de penetración luminosa) más somero fue de 11 m; la temperatura no muestra una estratificación ni en abril ni en octubre de 2021, pero la salinidad registra un pico cerca de los 30 m de profundidad y el oxígeno disuelto disminuye a los 20 m. La Ω aragonita está por debajo de 3.0; hay variación espacial en los índices estructurales de la comunidad béntica y el índice de función arrecifal se encuentra entre 0.16 y 0.65. Conclusiones. Hay variaciones espaciales que limitan afirmar que el ecosistema mesofótico pueda servir de refugio ante el cambio climático en esta localidad.

ABSTRACT Background. Coastal environments such as the intertidal zone and rocky and coral reefs are exposed to natural disturbances such as tides, storms, hurricanes, and cyclones and human activities such as fishing, tourism, and pollution. The deep reef refuge hypothesis posits that organisms that can inhabit greater depths would be less vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, greenhouse warming of the sea surface, and ocean acidification caused by the increased partial pressure of CO2. Consequently, deep rocky or coral reefs can function as “insurance” against the effects of climate change. Objective. To analyse biotic and abiotic variables of the mesophotic ecosystem of Archipelago Espíritu Santo to assess it as a refuge against climate change-related disturbances. Methods. Bathymetry, profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen; determination of the euphotic zone, sampling in shallow and deep waters collecting water for analysis of carbonate system, video transects with remotely operated vehicles for the identification of benthic species and estimation of their abundance including those of commercial importance or conservation. Calculation of ecological indices and the reef-functional index. Results. Deepest recorded point was 78m, shallowest mesophotic zone was 11m. Temperature does not show a stratification either in April or in October 2021, but the salinity registers a peak near 30 m depth, and the dissolved oxygen decreases at 20 m. Ω Aragonite is below 3.0; there is spatial variation in the structural indices of the benthic community, and the reef-functional index is between 0.16 and 0.65. Conclusions. There are sharp spatial variations within the same locality, limiting the assertion that mesophotic ecosystems can serve as a refuge from climate change.

ABSTRACT A new species of Mahabalella B. Sutton & S. D. Patil was isolated from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, during a survey in the Charles Darwin Ecological Refuge in Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil, in June 2018. The new species is morphologically distinguishable from the other Mahabalella species by the size of their conidia, conidiogenous cells and setae. In this study, the morphological descriptions, illustrations and cultural characteristics for Mahabalella pernambucana are provided, as well as a key to species of this genus. Total DNA from the isolate was extracted, and four genes were partially sequenced (nLSU, ITS cluster, TEF1 alpha, and beta tubulin). Based on the nLSU analysis, the phylogenetic position of the new species was determined within the Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota, as a sister genus to Neotracylla, in the Tracyllaceae family. B S D plant Igarassu Pernambuco Brazil 2018 conidia setae study descriptions provided extracted nLSU, (nLSU cluster TEF alpha tubulin. tubulin . tubulin) analysis Sordariomycetes Ascomycota Neotracylla family 201 20 2

ABSTRACT The soil conservation in agriculture may contribute to productivity and sustainable production. The objective was to measure the mass loss rate of cellulose decomposition process in agriculture systems, in different cultivation times (more than 30 years vs. less than 10 years) considering forest in conservation unit and close anthropic forest as control systems. We used substrate bags of two mesh sizes (0.5 mm vs. 10 mm) in soil surface for 30, 60 and 90 days in all systems (agriculture systems vs. close anthropic forest and forest in conservation unit). Cellulose decomposition ecosystem service decreased by a quarter (effect size range ± -22 to -26%) in the studied agriculture systems compared to forests systems, highlighting the cotton strip breakdown process as a good ecological indicator. High species richness and plant strata in forest systems increase the mass loss compared to agriculture systems. The difference between 10 and 30 year of agriculture systems ranges from 3% (total decomposition) to 7% (microbial decomposition), lower in 30-year systems. Also, forest fragments near agriculture systems are refuge for detritivore macrofauna and may retain the ecosystem service on these productive areas.

RESUMO A conservação do solo em áreas agrícolas pode contribuir para a produtividade e produção sustentável. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a taxa de perda de massa no processo de decomposição da celulose em sistemas agrícolas, em diferentes épocas de cultivo (mais de 30 anos vs. menos de 10 anos) considerando floresta em unidade de conservação e floresta antropizadas próxima, como sistemas de controle. Foram utilizados sacos de duas malhas (0,5 mm vs. 10 mm) na superfície do solo por 30, 60 e 90 dias em todos os sistemas (agrícolas vs. floresta antrópica e floresta em unidade de conservação). A decomposição diminuiu em um quarto (variação o tamanho do efeito ± -22 a -26%) nos sistemas agrícolas estudados em comparação com os sistemas florestais, evidenciando o processo de decomposição como um bom indicador ecológico. A alta riqueza de espécies e estratos vegetais em sistemas florestais aumentaram a perda de massa em comparação com sistemas agrícolas. A diferença entre 10 e 30 anos nos sistemas agrícolas variou de 3% (na decomposição total) a 7% (na decomposição microbiana), diminuindo em sistemas de 30 anos de uso. Além disso, percebemos que fragmentos florestais próximos a sistemas agrícolas podem funcionar como refúgios para macrofauna detritívora e assim ajudar a preservar este serviço ecossistêmico em áreas produtivas.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los desastres naturales generan un impacto negativo en la salud y vida de la población; sin embargo, existen escasos estudios cualitativos que aborden su repercusión en la vida, la salud mental y el imaginario de los afectados. Objetivo: Caracterizar las representaciones sociales del desastre natural que tienen las madres damnificadas del fenómeno del Niño Costero de una comunidad urbano-marginal de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, basada en la metodología de las representaciones sociales. Se realizó en diciembre del 2019, en Lima, Perú. El muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional, debido al acceso al lugar y la disponibilidad hasta llegar al punto de saturación; se entrevistó en profundidad a 11 madres y luego se realizó análisis del discurso. Resultados: Emergieron tres categorías: vivir la vulnerabilidad socioambiental, reconfortarse con un ser divino y enfrentar la crisis ecológica. Conclusiones: Las mujeres damnificadas reconocen la vulnerabilidad socioambiental por su condición socioeconómica precaria y vivir en la ribera del río. Asimismo, no encuentran las estrategias para superar su situación y se refugian en la ayuda y protección de un ser divino; frente al desastre natural tienen conciencia de la crisis ecológica en la que viven y la necesidad de una respuesta integral y colectiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Natural disasters generate a negative impact on the health and life of the population; however, there are few qualitative studies addressing their impact on the life, mental health and imaginary of those affected. Objective: To characterize the social representations of the natural disaster held by mothers affected by “El Niño Costero” phenomenon in an urban-marginal community of Lima, Peru. Methods: A qualitative and exploratory research, based on the methodology of social representations, was conducted in December 2019, in Lima, Peru. The sampling was intentional nonprobabilistic, due to the access to the place and the availability until reaching the saturation point; in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 mothers and then discourse analysis was performed. Results: Three categories emerged: living the socioenvironmental vulnerability, being comforted by a divine being, and facing the ecological crisis. Conclusions: The affected women recognize their socioenvironmental vulnerability due to their precarious socioeconomic condition and the fact that they live on the riverbank. Likewise, they do not find any strategies for overcoming their situation and take refuge in the help and protection from a divine being instead. In the face of the natural disaster, they are aware of the ecological crisis in which they live and the need for an integral and collective response.

Resumen Introducción: El establecimiento del Puesto Fronterizo Las Tablillas implica la segregación de 12.12 ha del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Corredor Fronterizo (RNVSCF), en el norte de Costa Rica. El sitio tiene una larga historia de uso de la tierra y su entorno natural está muy degradado. Este es un caso que se puede abordar desde el coste de oportunidad que se refiere al valor de la alternativa a la que se renuncia al tomar una decisión económica. Objetivo: En este artículo, usamos este precepto para evaluar la compensación por pérdidas en la estructura del hábitat y la biodiversidad si se interrumpiera la dinámica de sucesión dentro de un área silvestre protegida. Métodos: Para encontrar la ganancia neta en compensación requerida por dicha segregación, analizamos la diversidad y composición de la cubertura forestal cercana para pronosticar el ambiente que se perdería si se interrumpieran sus objetivos de conservación (costo de oportunidad). Compensar estas pérdidas requiere un ambiente equivalente, por lo que seleccionamos dos propiedades, entre 27 investigadas adyacentes al RNVSCF, que comparten cobertura forestal, están registradas legalmente y poseen atributos ambientales favorables para el diseño de reservas. Las dos propiedades seleccionadas y el sitio Las Tablillas fueron caracterizados a nivel de atributos geológicos e hidrológicos y de composición biológica de grupos indicadores. Resultados: Ambas propiedades son física y biológicamente favorables para el intercambio. La escogencia de cualquiera aumentaría el área del RNVSCF en más de 100 ha de un ambiente con mejor cobertura, más diversidad y mejor conexión con otras masas forestales que el observado en el sitio de segregación. Esto es una ventaja para el objetivo de conservación del refugio. Conclusión: En este caso, el coste de oportunidad favoreció la ganancia ambiental para la propuesta de compensación y podría ser utilizado para evaluar otras compensaciones que involucren ambientes sensibles o protegidos.

Abstract Introduction: The establishment of the Las Tablillas Border Post implies the segregation of 12.12 ha within the National Wildlife Refuge Border Corridor (RNVSCF) in northern Costa Rica. The site has a long land use history, so its environment is highly degraded. This case can be studied from the opportunity cost, which refers to the amount of the alternative given up when making an economic decision. Objective: In this paper, we use this precept to assess the compensation for losses in habitat structure and biodiversity if succession dynamics within a protected wilderness area were interrupted. Methods: To find the net gain in compensation required by this segregation, we analyzed the diversity and composition of nearby forest cover to forecast the environment that would be lost if its conservation objectives were interrupted (opportunity cost). Compensating for these losses requires an equivalent environment, so we selected two properties, among the 27 investigated, that shared forest cover, are located adjacent to the RNVSCF, are registered, and possess other attributes favorable to the design of reserves. The two selected properties and the Las Tablillas site were characterized at the level of geological and hydrological attributes and the composition of indicator groups. Results: Both properties are physically and biologically favorable for the exchange. It would increase the area of the RNVSCF by more than 100 ha of an environment with better coverage, more diversity, and a better connection to other forest masses than the one observed in the segregation site, which is an advantage to the conservation objective of the refuge. Conclusion: In this case, the opportunity cost favored the environmental gain for the offset proposal and could be used to evaluate other compensation involving sensitive or protected environments.

Resumen El Estornino Pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) es una de las especies invasoras más perjudiciales del mundo debido a los impactos económicos y ecológicos que produce en las regiones que ha invadido. En el Cono Sur su distribución está en expansión, aunque varios aspectos de su ecología en esta región son poco conocidos. Con el objetivo de estudiar el uso del paisaje urbano por parte del Estornino Pinto en la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina) durante las épocas reproductiva y no reproductiva, analizamos el uso de huecos para nidificar y su relación con la cobertura de edificios y arbórea. Además, evaluamos diferencias en el número de estorninos entre las especies de plantas utilizadas como dormideros comunales. De 98 nidos, el 53.1% se ubicó en construcciones humanas, 29.6% en plantas (5 en huecos construidos por carpinteros), y 17.0% en nidos de Hornero (Furnarius rufUs). La densidad de nidos en huecos de árboles y palmeras se relacionó positivamente con la cobertura de "árboles + palmeras” y de edificios. De 73 dormideros, la mayoría se ubicaron en Palmera Canaria (Phoenix cana-riensis) (52.0%) y Ciprés (Cupressus sp.) (30.1%), y en menor medida, en Pino (Pinus sp.) (13.7%). Detectamos una relación positiva entre el número de estorninos, el diámetro mayor y volumen de copa del dormidero. Además, el número de individuos que arribaban al dormidero mostró un pico alrededor de las 18:00 h. Nuestros resultados indican que los ambientes urbanos brindan recursos claves para la reproducción y refugio del Estornino Pinto en la región, los cuales facilitarían la expansión de su área de distribución.

Abstract The European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is one of the most dama-ging invasive species in the world, due to the economic and ecological impacts they produce in the regions it has invaded. In the Southern Cone, its distribution is expanding, although various aspects of its ecology in this region are poorly understood. To assess the use of the urban landscape by the European Starling in La Plata city (Argentina) during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, we analyzed the use of cavities for nesting and its relationship with building and tree cover. In addition, we evaluated differences in the number of starlings between plant species used as communal roosts. Out of 98 nests, 53.1% were located in human constructions, 29.6% in plants, and 17.0% in Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus) nests. The density of nests in tree and palm hollows was positively related to tree and building cover. Out of 73 roosts, most were located in Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis) (52.0%) and Cypress (Cupressus sp.) (30.1%), and to a lesser extent, in Pine (Pinus sp.) (13.7%). We detected a positive relationship between the number of starlings, the longest diameter and the volume of the crown of the roost. In addition, the number of individuals arriving at the roost showed a peak around 18:00 h. Our results indicate that urban environments provide key resources for the reproduction and refuge of the European Starling in the region, which would facilitate the expansion of its distribution range.

RESUMO Os levantamentos florísticos possibilitam ao apicultor determinar a época de permanência de colmeias em determinado local por meio da determinação das floradas. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento florístico de remanescentes de mata nativa da região e de áreas de recuperação florestal para fins de conservação e produção, com o intuito de auxiliar os apicultores locais a definirem estratégias de exploração racional e de conservação dos remanescentes florestais e áreas de reflorestamento do Oeste paranaense. O levantamento das plantas foi realizado nas Estações Experimentais (EE) de Entre Rios do Oeste (ERO) e de Marechal Cândido Rondon (MCR), ambas vinculadas à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste) e no Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena (RB-SH), que é uma Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE). Nas EE da Unioeste, MCR e ERO, foi delimitada, para cada ponto, uma área de 20 metros x 5 metros, pelo método de parcelas de áreas fixas retangulares e realizada a coleta de cada espécie em fase reprodutiva. Para mapeamento das áreas de coleta de plantas, foram georreferenciados quatro pontos em cada estação. As coletas foram quinzenais e mensais de dezembro de 2017 a novembro de 2019. No RB-SH, o método utilizado foi o de caminhamento nas trilhas ecológicas pré-existentes no local e o levantamento foi realizado por meio de coletas quinzenais de amostras botânicas em fase reprodutiva entre os meses de agosto de 2017 a junho de 2018. Foram coletadas 173 plantas, das quais 121 foram identificadas, sendo 103 em nível de espécie, nove em nível de gênero e nove em nível de família, pertencentes a 41 famílias botânicas. O índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) geral foi de 3,15 nats indivíduo-1, sendo os valores encontrados de 2,30 nats indivíduo-1 em MCR; 2,94 nats indivíduo-1 em ERO e 4,22 nats indivíduo-1 no RB-SH. Com relação aos índices de similaridade, o menor valor foi observado entre as áreas amostradas de RB-SH e MCR e o maior entre ERO e RB-SH. Conclui-se que as famílias botânicas Poaceae e Myrtaceae foram representativas nos méis analisados, sendo identificados nas amostras de mel de Apis mellifera os tipos polínicos Myrceugenia euosma, Urochloa arrecta, Triticum aestivum, Albizia niopoides, Avena sativa e Eugenia uniflora.

ABSTRACT Floristic surveys make it possible for the beekeeper to determine the time of permanence of hives in a given location by determining the flowering. The objective was to carry out the floristic survey of remnants of a native forest in the region and areas of forest recovery for the purposes of conservation and production, in order to assist local beekeepers to define strategies for rational exploration and conservation of forest remnants and reforestation areas from western Paraná state. The plant surveys were carried out at the Experimental Stations (EE) of Entre Rios do Oeste (ERO) and Marechal Cândido Rondon (MCR), both linked to the State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste) and at the Biological Refuge of Santa Helena (RB-SH), which is an Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE). At the EE of Unioeste, MCR and ERO, an area of 20 meters x 5 meters was delimited for each point, by the method of plots of fixed rectangular areas, and the collection of each species in the reproductive phase was carried out. To map plant collection areas, four points were georeferenced in each season. The collections were biweekly and monthly from December 2017 to November 2019. At RB-SH the method used was to walk the pre-existing ecological trails at the site and the survey was carried out by means of biweekly collections of botanical samples in the reproductive phase, between August 2017 and June 2018. One hundred and seventy-three (173) plants were collected, 121 of which were identified, 103 at the species level, nine at the genus level and nine at the family level, belonging to 41 botanical families. The general Shannon-Wiener index (H’) was 3.15 nats individual-1, with the values found being 2.30 nats individual-1 in MCR; 2.94 nats individual-1 in ERO and 4.22 nats individual-1 in RB-SH. Regarding similarity indices, the lowest value was observed between the sampled areas of RB-SH and MCR and the highest between ERO and RB-SH. It is concluded that the botanical families Poaceae and Myrtaceae, were representative in the analyzed honeys, being identified in the honey samples of Apis mellifera the pollen types Myrceugenia euosma, Urochloa arrecta, Triticum aestivum, Albizia niopoides, Avena sativa and Eugenia uniflora.

Resumo O processo de introdução de espécies exóticas é reconhecido como uma das maiores ameaças à ecologia e economia do planeta, devido às mudanças nas interações em comunidades biológicas nativas. Nesse sentido, relatar as bioinvasões é o primeiro passo para entender seu processo de implantação e criar estratégias para mitigar possíveis danos socioambientais. Aqui relatamos os primeiros registros de P. unifilis introduzidos no Pantanal Norte, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Obtivemos os primeiros registros das espécies ocasionalmente durante 2014 e 2015. Nos anos seguintes, de 2016 a 2019, realizamos observações sistemáticas por meio de incursões náuticas no rio Paraguai, entre a foz do rio Sepotuba e a Estação Ecológica Taiamã (TES). Incluímos também registros de terceiros, quando foi possível comprovar os locais de identificação e registro das espécies. Adultos de Podcnemis unifilis, filhotes e ninhos foram registrados em diferentes pontos ao longo do rio Paraguai. Nossos resultados indicam que P. unifilis foi introduzido próximo ao núcleo urbano de Cáceres há cerca de 30 anos. Atualmente, ela tem uma população estabelecida, registrando ninhos e filhotes por anos consecutivos. Uma em particular é a sua ocorrência no TES, importante viveiro natural de peixes e refúgio da fauna pantaneira. Assim, sugere-se o monitoramento contínuo de P.unifilis, uma vez que o ambiente do Pantanal com diversos ambientes aquáticos distintos, oferece condições favoráveis para o aumento da população da espécie no Pantanal Norte.

Abstract The process of exotic species introduction is recognized as one of the greatest threats to the ecology and economy of the planet, due to changes in interactions in native biological communities. In this sense, reporting bioinvasions is the first step to understanding its introduction process and creating strategies to mitigate possible socio-environmental damages. Here we report the first records of Podocnemis unifilis introduced in the Northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We obtained the species’ first records occasionally during 2014 and 2015. In the following years from 2016 to 2019, we carried out systematic observations through nautical incursions on the Paraguay River, between the Sepotuba River mouth and the Taiamã Ecological Station (TES). We also included third part records, when it was possible to prove the species identification and registration sites. Podocnemis unifilis adults, hatchling and nests were recorded at different points along the Paraguay River. Our results indicate that P. unifilis was introduced close to the urban nucleus of Cáceres about 30 years ago. Currently, it has an established population, recording nests and hatchling for years in a row. A particular one is its occurrence at the TES, an important natural fish nursery and refuge for the wetland fauna. Thus, continuous monitoring is suggested from P.unifilis, since the Pantanal’s environment with several different aquatic environments, offers favorable conditions for the species population increase in the Northern Pantanal.

Abstract This study estimated the potential effects of climate change on peripheral plant diversity by predicting the distribution of species from Cerrado of Northern Brazil. Ecological niche modeling was used to provide present and future projections of responses in terms of occurrence of ten woody species based on four algorithms and four future climate change scenarios for the year 2050. Potential refuge areas for conservation actions were identified, and evidence of the vulnerability of the flora was demonstrated based on the disparity between potential areas of climate stability amid current protected areas. The results suggested a lack of pattern between the scenarios and an idiosyncratic response of the species, indicating different impacts on plant communities and the existence of unequal stable alternative conditions, which could bring consequences to the ecological relationships and functionality of the floras. Even in the most pessimistic scenarios, most species presented an expansion of potential occurrence areas, suppressing or cohabiting with species of adjacent biomes. Typically marginal plants were the most sensitive. Overlapping adequate habitats are concentrated in the NBC. The analysis of habitats in relation to anthropized areas and PAs demonstrate low future effectiveness in the protection of these savannas.

RESUMEN En México se ha reportado la presencia de ocho familias y un total de 140 especies de murciélagos, de las cuales, siete familias y 55 especies se encuentran en el Estado de Sinaloa. Sin embargo, existen lugares como el área natural protegida de jurisdicción estatal “Sierra de Navachiste” registrada como área sujeta a Conservación Ecológica, donde los estudios sobre las poblaciones de murciélagos son escasos o inexistentes. Como consecuencia, se desconocen sus necesidades ambientales y las amenazas a las que se enfrentan sus poblaciones. Pese a registrarse una baja riqueza de especies en el presente estudio (cinco especies), se reporta la especie migratoria Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. Este murciélago está incluido en la lista roja de la IUCN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza) como especie "vulnerable", y en México figura como especie de "protección especial". La especie L. yerbabuenae es considerada una mutualista clave dentro del ecosistema debido a su función como polinizador de los cactus columnares dominantes, y por esparcir sus semillas a través del consumo de sus frutos, promoviendo la dispersión de estas plantas, y manteniendo la estructura y salud del ecosistema. Debido a la importancia de la Sierra Navachiste como refugio de al menos cinco especies de murciélagos, incluida una especie migratoria y protegida, es necesario establecer un plan de manejo para proteger a las poblaciones de quirópteros que depende de ella.

ABSTRACT In Mexico, studies on bats have reported the presence of eight families and a total of 140 species, of which seven families and 55 species are reported for the state of Sinaloa. However, the Sierra de Navachiste, México is a natural protected area of state jurisdiction registered as an area subject to Ecological Conservation. studies on bat populations in this area are scarce or nonexistent, resulting in their environmental needs, current threats and the impact they have at population level being unknown. Despite finding a low species richness (five species), the migratory species Leptonycteris yerbabuenae was caught in Sierra de Navachiste. This bat is included on the IUCN red list (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) as a "vulnerable" species, and in Mexico it is listed as "Special protection" species. This bat is considered a keystone mutualist within the ecosystem due to its function as pollinator of the dominant columnar cacti and spreading its seeds though fruit consumption. These activities promote the dispersal of these plants and maintains the structure and health of the ecosystem. Due to the importance of the Sierra Navachiste as a refuge for at least five bat species, including one migratory and protected species, it is necessary to establish a management plan in order to protect the chiroptera community that depends on it.

Resumo O artigo apresenta, de forma resumida, a prática artística de Frans Krajcberg (1921 - 2017), focando essencialmente no Sítio Natura construído em 1966 pelo autor, na Mata Atlântica, no sul da Bahia. Espaço, para o qual foi criado um fundo para a construção da “Fundação Museu Ecológico e Artístico Frans Krajcberg” para preservar do lugar e das suas funções pedagógicas. É abordado, ainda, os desenvolvimentos recentes de que a floresta tem sido alvo, com reflexo direto sobre o projeto Museu Ecológico, tornando-se ainda mais urgente a reflexão que Krajcberg tanto defendeu.

Abstract The article summarizes the artistic practice of Frans Krajcberg (1921 - 2017), focusing essentially on the Natura Site built in 1966 by the author, in the Atlantic Forest, in southern Bahia. Space, for which a fund was created to build the "Frans Krajcberg Ecological and Artistic Museum Foundation" to preserve the place and its pedagogical functions. The recent developments that the forest has been subject to are also discussed, with direct reflection on the Ecological Museum project, making the reflection that Krajcberg defended so much even more urgent.

Abstract This paper presents an ornithological inventory taken between March and December of 2017 in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Although the surroundings contain one relatively well-known location in regard to ornithology, Iguaçu National Park, several other areas merit exploration, among them the Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE-SH). The 1,479 ha ARIE-SH is essentially a large remnant of the Atlantic Forest located adjacent to the city of Santa Helena, Paraná, which commencing in the 1980s has undergone considerable reforestation with both native and exotic species, including fruit species. Prior to censusing bird species and to better characterize the avian community, we conducted a bibliographic review of earlier ornithological studies carried out at ARIE-SH. In addition, we conducted opportunistic and unsystematic observations in nearby locations. We recorded 311 species of birds. During the current inventory, and others conducted in the area since 2016, we recorded six Atlantic Forest endemic species, five species threatened in Paraná, and two globally threatened species. Common species which showed high Index of Frequency in Lists include (in descending order) Basileuterus culicivorus, Leptotila verreauxi, Cnemotriccus fuscatus, Corythopis delalandi, Turdus leucomelas and Arremon flavirostris. Nine species observed while conducting this census (Laterallus exilis, Amazona vinacea, Herpsilochmus longirostris, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, Casiornis rufus, Campylorhynchus turdinus, Myiothlypis flaveola, Eucometis penicillata and Sporophila palustris) are the first records for this region.