Abstract Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. “Shorebirds” and “waders” were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Resumen Introducción: Las aves acuáticas (AA) son usualmente relacionadas a los humedales debido a que éstos funcionan como sitios de refugio, alimentación y anidación de diferentes especies residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las aves acuáticas en algunos humedales es nulo. Objetivo: Investigar la composición espacio-temporal de la comunidad de AA en la laguna Juluapan, Colima, en el Pacífico Central Mexicano. Métodos: Entre junio de 2017 y mayo de 2018 se llevaron a cabo conteos mensuales en condiciones de marea baja para registrar el uso de hábitat de las AA. Se obtuvieron valores de riqueza de especies y número de individuos para realizar comparaciones entre zonas de muestreo, así como el promedio del número de especies y número de individuos para comparaciones entre temporadas. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 53 especies y 5 750 individuos. Los valores de riqueza de especies y densidad de individuos fueron más altos durante invierno, en la zona más alejada al ambiente marino, donde la actividad antropogénica es menor. La diversidad tuvo valores más altos en la zona 2 y 3, durante primavera, verano y otoño. El ambiente más explotado por las aves fueron las planicies lodosas; y el descanso fue la actividad más frecuente. Asimismo, la actividad de anidación sólo se registró en el manglar de la zona media durante primavera. Las “aves playeras” y “aves zancudas” fueron los grupos más predominantes en la comunidad de aves de la laguna Juluapan. Conclusiones: Este humedal costero es un sitio de gran importancia biológica para aves acuáticas, por lo que resulta necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación, así como el estudio de los efectos por la presión antropogénica.

ABSTRACT Inside the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga biome) there are vegetation refuges from other biomes that are present mainly at greater elevations in ancient geological formations such as Chapada do Araripe. This study aimed to understand the structure, diversity and floristic similarity of a fragment of humid forest in order to support conservation strategies for this community in Chapada do Araripe, southern Ceará (708m Alt.), an area of relevant ecological, cultural and scenic value. In 13 parcels of 25x25m (0.8 ha) all individuals with DBH ≥ 5cm were inventoried, observing total height. Floristic similarity was observed using the Jaccard method, comparing it with seven other areas in different regions of the Brazil. Sixty-six species were found distributed in 34 families, in a total of 1,544 individuals with DA=1,997.30 ind.ha-1 and AB =32,618 m²ha-1. Fabaceae (25.75%) and Myrtaceae (6%) had the highest number of species and Brosimum gaudichaudii had the highest IVI. The Shannon index (H') was 3.13 and the Pielou equability (J') was 0.75. The beta diversity, compared with other areas of humid forest (core and disjunct), was considered high and the statistics showed greater similarity with the area of the mesoregion of Pernambuco forest. The results allow the characterization of the area as a vegetational refuge of humid forest, corroborating the Refuge Theory and showing strong penetration of savanna species (“Cerradão”, Cerrado, Caatinga/“Carrasco”), emphasizing the action of climatic impulses that occurred in the Quaternary and pointing to the need to conservation strategies due to accelerated anthropism. semiarid semi arid Caatinga biome Araripe structure 708m m Alt., Alt Alt. , Alt.) ecological value 1 xm x 0.8 08 0 8 (0. ha cm inventoried height method Brazil Sixtysix Sixty six 3 families 1544 544 1,54 DA199730 DA 997 30 DA=1,997.3 ind.ha1 indha1 indha ind.ha ind ind.ha- 32618 32 618 =32,61 m²ha1. m²ha1 mha m²ha 1. m²ha-1 25.75% 2575 25 75 (25.75% 6% 6 (6% IVI H (H' 313 3.1 J (J' 075 0.75 core disjunct, disjunct disjunct) Cerradão, Cerradão (“Cerradão” Cerrado Caatinga/Carrasco, CaatingaCarrasco Caatinga/ Carrasco Caatinga/“Carrasco”) anthropism 0. (0 154 54 1,5 DA19973 99 DA=1,997. ha1 3261 61 =32,6 m²ha- 25.75 257 2 7 (25.75 (6 (H 31 3. (J 07 0.7 (“Cerradão Caatinga/Carrasco Caatinga/“Carrasco” ( 15 5 1, DA1997 9 DA=1,997 326 =32, 25.7 (25.7 Caatinga/“Carrasco DA199 DA=1,99 =32 25. (25. DA19 DA=1,9 =3 (25 DA1 DA=1, = (2 DA=1 DA=

RESUMO No interior da região semiárida brasileira (bioma Caatinga), há ocorrência de refúgios de vegetação de outros biomas que se apresentam principalmente em topos de formações geológicas do período Pré-Cambriano, como a Chapada do Araripe. Este trabalho objetivou o conhecimento da estrutura, diversidade e similaridade florística de um fragmento de mata úmida na Chapada do Araripe, sul do Ceará (708m Alt.), visando subsidiar estratégias de conservação dessa comunidade, área de relevante valor ecológico, cultural e paisagístico. Em 13 parcelas de 25x25m (0,8 ha), foram inventariados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5cm, observando-se altura total. A similaridade florística foi observada pelo método de Jaccard a partir da comparação com outras sete áreas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Foram encontradas 66 espécies distribuídas em 34 famílias, num total de 1.544 indivíduos com DA=1.997,30 ind.ha-1 e AB=32,618 m²ha-1. Fabaceae (25,75%) e Myrtaceae (6%) apresentaram maior número de espécies e Brosimum gaudichaudii apresentou maior IVI. O índice de Shannon (H’) foi 3,13 e a equabilidade de Pielou (J’) foi 0,75. A diversidade beta, comparada com outras áreas de mata úmida (core e disjuntas), foi considerada alta e a estatística apontou maior similaridade com área da mesorregião da mata pernambucana. Os resultados permitem caracterizar a área como refúgio vegetacional de mata úmida, corroborando com a teoria dos refúgios e evidenciam forte penetração de espécies savânicas (cerradão, cerrado, caatinga/carrasco) enfatizando a atuação de impulsos climáticos ocorridos no Quaternário e apontando para a necessidade de estratégias de conservação devido ao antropismo acelerado. bioma Caatinga, Caatinga , Caatinga) PréCambriano, PréCambriano Pré Cambriano, Cambriano Pré-Cambriano Araripe estrutura 708m m Alt., Alt Alt. Alt.) comunidade ecológico paisagístico 1 xm x 0,8 08 0 8 (0, ha, ha ha) 5cm cm observandose observando Brasil 6 3 famílias 1544 544 1.54 DA199730 DA 997 30 DA=1.997,3 ind.ha1 indha1 indha ind.ha ind ind.ha- AB32618 AB 32 618 AB=32,61 m²ha1. m²ha1 mha m²ha 1. m²ha-1 25,75% 2575 25 75 (25,75% 6% (6% IVI H (H’ 313 3,1 J (J’ 075 0,75 beta core disjuntas, disjuntas disjuntas) pernambucana cerradão, cerradão (cerradão cerrado caatinga/carrasco caatingacarrasco caatinga carrasco acelerado 0, (0 154 54 1.5 DA19973 99 DA=1.997, ha1 AB3261 61 AB=32,6 m²ha- 25,75 257 2 7 (25,75 (6 (H 31 3, (J 07 0,7 ( 15 5 DA1997 9 DA=1.997 AB326 AB=32, 25,7 (25,7 DA199 DA=1.99 AB32 AB=32 25, (25, DA19 DA=1.9 AB3 AB=3 (25 DA1 DA=1. AB= (2 DA=1 DA=

ABSTRACT Background. Coastal environments such as the intertidal zone and rocky and coral reefs are exposed to natural disturbances such as tides, storms, hurricanes, and cyclones and human activities such as fishing, tourism, and pollution. The deep reef refuge hypothesis posits that organisms that can inhabit greater depths would be less vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, greenhouse warming of the sea surface, and ocean acidification caused by the increased partial pressure of CO2. Consequently, deep rocky or coral reefs can function as “insurance” against the effects of climate change. Objective. To analyse biotic and abiotic variables of the mesophotic ecosystem of Archipelago Espíritu Santo to assess it as a refuge against climate change-related disturbances. Methods. Bathymetry, profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen; determination of the euphotic zone, sampling in shallow and deep waters collecting water for analysis of carbonate system, video transects with remotely operated vehicles for the identification of benthic species and estimation of their abundance including those of commercial importance or conservation. Calculation of ecological indices and the reef-functional index. Results. Deepest recorded point was 78m, shallowest mesophotic zone was 11m. Temperature does not show a stratification either in April or in October 2021, but the salinity registers a peak near 30 m depth, and the dissolved oxygen decreases at 20 m. Ω Aragonite is below 3.0; there is spatial variation in the structural indices of the benthic community, and the reef-functional index is between 0.16 and 0.65. Conclusions. There are sharp spatial variations within the same locality, limiting the assertion that mesophotic ecosystems can serve as a refuge from climate change.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los ambientes costeros como la zona entremareal y los arrecifes rocosos y coralinos están expuestos a perturbaciones naturales como las mareas, tormentas, huracanes y ciclones y actividades humanas como la pesca, turismo y contaminación. La hipótesis del refugio profundo postula que los organismos que pueden habitar a mayores profundidades serían menos vulnerables a los impactos antropogénicos, el calentamiento superficial del mar derivado del efecto invernadero y a la acidificación del océano provocada por el incremento en la presión parcial de CO2. En consecuencia, los arrecifes rocosos o coralinos profundos podrían funcionar como un “seguro” contra los efectos del cambio climático. Objetivos. Analizar variables abióticas y bióticas del ecosistema mesofótico del archipiélago Espíritu Santo, BCS para considerarlo como refugio ante perturbaciones relacionadas con el cambio climático. Métodos. Batimetría, determinación de la zona euofótica, perfiles de temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno disuelto, muestreos en aguas someras y profundas, recolección de agua para análisis del sistema de carbonatos, videotransectos con vehículos de operación remota para la identificación de especies bénticas y estimación de su abundancia, incluyendo las de importancia comercial o de conservación. Cálculo de índices ecológicos y del índice de función arrecifal. Resultados. La profundidad máxima registrada fue de 78 m y el inicio de la zona mesofótica (10% de penetración luminosa) más somero fue de 11 m; la temperatura no muestra una estratificación ni en abril ni en octubre de 2021, pero la salinidad registra un pico cerca de los 30 m de profundidad y el oxígeno disuelto disminuye a los 20 m. La Ω aragonita está por debajo de 3.0; hay variación espacial en los índices estructurales de la comunidad béntica y el índice de función arrecifal se encuentra entre 0.16 y 0.65. Conclusiones. Hay variaciones espaciales que limitan afirmar que el ecosistema mesofótico pueda servir de refugio ante el cambio climático en esta localidad.

ABSTRACT A new species of Mahabalella B. Sutton & S. D. Patil was isolated from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, during a survey in the Charles Darwin Ecological Refuge in Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil, in June 2018. The new species is morphologically distinguishable from the other Mahabalella species by the size of their conidia, conidiogenous cells and setae. In this study, the morphological descriptions, illustrations and cultural characteristics for Mahabalella pernambucana are provided, as well as a key to species of this genus. Total DNA from the isolate was extracted, and four genes were partially sequenced (nLSU, ITS cluster, TEF1 alpha, and beta tubulin). Based on the nLSU analysis, the phylogenetic position of the new species was determined within the Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota, as a sister genus to Neotracylla, in the Tracyllaceae family. B S D plant Igarassu Pernambuco Brazil 2018 conidia setae study descriptions provided extracted nLSU, (nLSU cluster TEF alpha tubulin. tubulin . tubulin) analysis Sordariomycetes Ascomycota Neotracylla family 201 20 2

ABSTRACT The soil conservation in agriculture may contribute to productivity and sustainable production. The objective was to measure the mass loss rate of cellulose decomposition process in agriculture systems, in different cultivation times (more than 30 years vs. less than 10 years) considering forest in conservation unit and close anthropic forest as control systems. We used substrate bags of two mesh sizes (0.5 mm vs. 10 mm) in soil surface for 30, 60 and 90 days in all systems (agriculture systems vs. close anthropic forest and forest in conservation unit). Cellulose decomposition ecosystem service decreased by a quarter (effect size range ± -22 to -26%) in the studied agriculture systems compared to forests systems, highlighting the cotton strip breakdown process as a good ecological indicator. High species richness and plant strata in forest systems increase the mass loss compared to agriculture systems. The difference between 10 and 30 year of agriculture systems ranges from 3% (total decomposition) to 7% (microbial decomposition), lower in 30-year systems. Also, forest fragments near agriculture systems are refuge for detritivore macrofauna and may retain the ecosystem service on these productive areas. production more 3 vs 1 0.5 05 0 5 (0. 6 9 unit. . unit) effect 22 -2 26% 26 -26% indicator total 7 microbial decomposition, , 30year Also areas 0. (0 2 - -26 (

RESUMO A conservação do solo em áreas agrícolas pode contribuir para a produtividade e produção sustentável. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a taxa de perda de massa no processo de decomposição da celulose em sistemas agrícolas, em diferentes épocas de cultivo (mais de 30 anos vs. menos de 10 anos) considerando floresta em unidade de conservação e floresta antropizadas próxima, como sistemas de controle. Foram utilizados sacos de duas malhas (0,5 mm vs. 10 mm) na superfície do solo por 30, 60 e 90 dias em todos os sistemas (agrícolas vs. floresta antrópica e floresta em unidade de conservação). A decomposição diminuiu em um quarto (variação o tamanho do efeito ± -22 a -26%) nos sistemas agrícolas estudados em comparação com os sistemas florestais, evidenciando o processo de decomposição como um bom indicador ecológico. A alta riqueza de espécies e estratos vegetais em sistemas florestais aumentaram a perda de massa em comparação com sistemas agrícolas. A diferença entre 10 e 30 anos nos sistemas agrícolas variou de 3% (na decomposição total) a 7% (na decomposição microbiana), diminuindo em sistemas de 30 anos de uso. Além disso, percebemos que fragmentos florestais próximos a sistemas agrícolas podem funcionar como refúgios para macrofauna detritívora e assim ajudar a preservar este serviço ecossistêmico em áreas produtivas. sustentável mais 3 vs 1 próxima controle 0,5 05 0 5 (0, 6 9 conservação. . conservação) variação 22 -2 26% 26 -26% ecológico total 7 microbiana, microbiana , microbiana) uso disso produtivas 0, (0 2 - -26 (

Abstract The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic inventory and update the geographical distribution of Talinaceae species in Ceará state, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The study was based on a comparative analysis of morphological characters of specimens deposited in the EAC, ESA, HCDAL, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, MOSS and RB herbaria, specialized literature, photos of type collections, and field expeditions conducted between March 2015 and April 2022. For the state, Talinum fruticosum and T. paniculatum have been recorded, which prefer drier vegetations, such as Stepic Savanna (Caatinga and Carrasco) and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (Mata Seca), but also grow in areas that are more humid. The species occur in eight conservation units in Ceará: Dunas da Lagoinha and Serra de Meruoca Environmental Protection Areas, Aiuaba Ecological Station, Sobral National Forest, Ubajara National Park, Pedra da Andorinha Wildlife Refuge, Serra das Almas and Fazenda Trussú Private Natural Heritage Reserves. An identification key, descriptions, photographs, and comments about the geographical distribution, taxonomic relationships, and phenology are provided for the species. state Brazil EAC ESA HCDAL HUEFS HUVA HVASF herbaria literature collections 201 2022 T recorded vegetations Caatinga Carrasco Mata Seca, Seca , Seca) humid Areas Station Park Refuge Reserves key descriptions photographs relationships 20 202 2

Resumo Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar o levantamento florístico e atualizar a distribuição geográfica das espécies de Talinaceae no estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. O estudo foi baseado em comparações de caracteres morfológicos de espécimes depositados nos herbários EAC, ESA, HCDAL, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, MOSS e RB, bibliografias especializadas, fotos de coleções-tipos e expedições em campo realizadas no período de março/2015 a abril/2022. Para o estado foram registradas Talinum fruticosum e T. paniculatum, ocorrendo preferencialmente em ambiente mais secos como Savana Estépica (Caatinga e Carrasco) e Floresta Sazonal Semidecídua (Mata Seca), mas também em áreas mais úmidas. As espécies estão inseridas em oito Unidades de Conservação: Áreas de Proteção Ambiental Dunas de Lagoinha e Serra de Meruoca, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, Floresta Nacional de Sobral, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Reserva de Vida Silvestre Pedra da Andorinha, Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas e Fazenda Trussú. São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições, comentários sobre as espécies, distribuição geográfica, relações taxonômicas, dados fenológicos e fotografias. Objetivouse Objetivou se Ceará Brasil EAC ESA HCDAL HUEFS HUVA HVASF RB especializadas coleçõestipos coleções tipos março2015 março 2015 março/201 abril2022 abril 2022 abril/2022 T paniculatum Caatinga Carrasco Mata Seca, Seca , Seca) úmidas Conservação Meruoca Aiuaba Sobral Ubajara Andorinha Trussú identificação descrições taxonômicas fotografias março201 201 março/20 abril202 202 abril/202 março20 20 março/2 abril20 abril/20 março2 2 março/ abril2 abril/2 abril/

Resumen Introducción: El establecimiento del Puesto Fronterizo Las Tablillas implica la segregación de 12.12 ha del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Corredor Fronterizo (RNVSCF), en el norte de Costa Rica. El sitio tiene una larga historia de uso de la tierra y su entorno natural está muy degradado. Este es un caso que se puede abordar desde el coste de oportunidad que se refiere al valor de la alternativa a la que se renuncia al tomar una decisión económica. Objetivo: En este artículo, usamos este precepto para evaluar la compensación por pérdidas en la estructura del hábitat y la biodiversidad si se interrumpiera la dinámica de sucesión dentro de un área silvestre protegida. Métodos: Para encontrar la ganancia neta en compensación requerida por dicha segregación, analizamos la diversidad y composición de la cubertura forestal cercana para pronosticar el ambiente que se perdería si se interrumpieran sus objetivos de conservación (costo de oportunidad). Compensar estas pérdidas requiere un ambiente equivalente, por lo que seleccionamos dos propiedades, entre 27 investigadas adyacentes al RNVSCF, que comparten cobertura forestal, están registradas legalmente y poseen atributos ambientales favorables para el diseño de reservas. Las dos propiedades seleccionadas y el sitio Las Tablillas fueron caracterizados a nivel de atributos geológicos e hidrológicos y de composición biológica de grupos indicadores. Resultados: Ambas propiedades son física y biológicamente favorables para el intercambio. La escogencia de cualquiera aumentaría el área del RNVSCF en más de 100 ha de un ambiente con mejor cobertura, más diversidad y mejor conexión con otras masas forestales que el observado en el sitio de segregación. Esto es una ventaja para el objetivo de conservación del refugio. Conclusión: En este caso, el coste de oportunidad favoreció la ganancia ambiental para la propuesta de compensación y podría ser utilizado para evaluar otras compensaciones que involucren ambientes sensibles o protegidos.

Abstract Introduction: The establishment of the Las Tablillas Border Post implies the segregation of 12.12 ha within the National Wildlife Refuge Border Corridor (RNVSCF) in northern Costa Rica. The site has a long land use history, so its environment is highly degraded. This case can be studied from the opportunity cost, which refers to the amount of the alternative given up when making an economic decision. Objective: In this paper, we use this precept to assess the compensation for losses in habitat structure and biodiversity if succession dynamics within a protected wilderness area were interrupted. Methods: To find the net gain in compensation required by this segregation, we analyzed the diversity and composition of nearby forest cover to forecast the environment that would be lost if its conservation objectives were interrupted (opportunity cost). Compensating for these losses requires an equivalent environment, so we selected two properties, among the 27 investigated, that shared forest cover, are located adjacent to the RNVSCF, are registered, and possess other attributes favorable to the design of reserves. The two selected properties and the Las Tablillas site were characterized at the level of geological and hydrological attributes and the composition of indicator groups. Results: Both properties are physically and biologically favorable for the exchange. It would increase the area of the RNVSCF by more than 100 ha of an environment with better coverage, more diversity, and a better connection to other forest masses than the one observed in the segregation site, which is an advantage to the conservation objective of the refuge. Conclusion: In this case, the opportunity cost favored the environmental gain for the offset proposal and could be used to evaluate other compensation involving sensitive or protected environments.

RESUMO Os levantamentos florísticos possibilitam ao apicultor determinar a época de permanência de colmeias em determinado local por meio da determinação das floradas. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento florístico de remanescentes de mata nativa da região e de áreas de recuperação florestal para fins de conservação e produção, com o intuito de auxiliar os apicultores locais a definirem estratégias de exploração racional e de conservação dos remanescentes florestais e áreas de reflorestamento do Oeste paranaense. O levantamento das plantas foi realizado nas Estações Experimentais (EE) de Entre Rios do Oeste (ERO) e de Marechal Cândido Rondon (MCR), ambas vinculadas à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste) e no Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena (RB-SH), que é uma Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE). Nas EE da Unioeste, MCR e ERO, foi delimitada, para cada ponto, uma área de 20 metros x 5 metros, pelo método de parcelas de áreas fixas retangulares e realizada a coleta de cada espécie em fase reprodutiva. Para mapeamento das áreas de coleta de plantas, foram georreferenciados quatro pontos em cada estação. As coletas foram quinzenais e mensais de dezembro de 2017 a novembro de 2019. No RB-SH, o método utilizado foi o de caminhamento nas trilhas ecológicas pré-existentes no local e o levantamento foi realizado por meio de coletas quinzenais de amostras botânicas em fase reprodutiva entre os meses de agosto de 2017 a junho de 2018. Foram coletadas 173 plantas, das quais 121 foram identificadas, sendo 103 em nível de espécie, nove em nível de gênero e nove em nível de família, pertencentes a 41 famílias botânicas. O índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) geral foi de 3,15 nats indivíduo-1, sendo os valores encontrados de 2,30 nats indivíduo-1 em MCR; 2,94 nats indivíduo-1 em ERO e 4,22 nats indivíduo-1 no RB-SH. Com relação aos índices de similaridade, o menor valor foi observado entre as áreas amostradas de RB-SH e MCR e o maior entre ERO e RB-SH. Conclui-se que as famílias botânicas Poaceae e Myrtaceae foram representativas nos méis analisados, sendo identificados nas amostras de mel de Apis mellifera os tipos polínicos Myrceugenia euosma, Urochloa arrecta, Triticum aestivum, Albizia niopoides, Avena sativa e Eugenia uniflora.

ABSTRACT Floristic surveys make it possible for the beekeeper to determine the time of permanence of hives in a given location by determining the flowering. The objective was to carry out the floristic survey of remnants of a native forest in the region and areas of forest recovery for the purposes of conservation and production, in order to assist local beekeepers to define strategies for rational exploration and conservation of forest remnants and reforestation areas from western Paraná state. The plant surveys were carried out at the Experimental Stations (EE) of Entre Rios do Oeste (ERO) and Marechal Cândido Rondon (MCR), both linked to the State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste) and at the Biological Refuge of Santa Helena (RB-SH), which is an Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE). At the EE of Unioeste, MCR and ERO, an area of 20 meters x 5 meters was delimited for each point, by the method of plots of fixed rectangular areas, and the collection of each species in the reproductive phase was carried out. To map plant collection areas, four points were georeferenced in each season. The collections were biweekly and monthly from December 2017 to November 2019. At RB-SH the method used was to walk the pre-existing ecological trails at the site and the survey was carried out by means of biweekly collections of botanical samples in the reproductive phase, between August 2017 and June 2018. One hundred and seventy-three (173) plants were collected, 121 of which were identified, 103 at the species level, nine at the genus level and nine at the family level, belonging to 41 botanical families. The general Shannon-Wiener index (H’) was 3.15 nats individual-1, with the values found being 2.30 nats individual-1 in MCR; 2.94 nats individual-1 in ERO and 4.22 nats individual-1 in RB-SH. Regarding similarity indices, the lowest value was observed between the sampled areas of RB-SH and MCR and the highest between ERO and RB-SH. It is concluded that the botanical families Poaceae and Myrtaceae, were representative in the analyzed honeys, being identified in the honey samples of Apis mellifera the pollen types Myrceugenia euosma, Urochloa arrecta, Triticum aestivum, Albizia niopoides, Avena sativa and Eugenia uniflora.

Resumo O processo de introdução de espécies exóticas é reconhecido como uma das maiores ameaças à ecologia e economia do planeta, devido às mudanças nas interações em comunidades biológicas nativas. Nesse sentido, relatar as bioinvasões é o primeiro passo para entender seu processo de implantação e criar estratégias para mitigar possíveis danos socioambientais. Aqui relatamos os primeiros registros de P. unifilis introduzidos no Pantanal Norte, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Obtivemos os primeiros registros das espécies ocasionalmente durante 2014 e 2015. Nos anos seguintes, de 2016 a 2019, realizamos observações sistemáticas por meio de incursões náuticas no rio Paraguai, entre a foz do rio Sepotuba e a Estação Ecológica Taiamã (TES). Incluímos também registros de terceiros, quando foi possível comprovar os locais de identificação e registro das espécies. Adultos de Podcnemis unifilis, filhotes e ninhos foram registrados em diferentes pontos ao longo do rio Paraguai. Nossos resultados indicam que P. unifilis foi introduzido próximo ao núcleo urbano de Cáceres há cerca de 30 anos. Atualmente, ela tem uma população estabelecida, registrando ninhos e filhotes por anos consecutivos. Uma em particular é a sua ocorrência no TES, importante viveiro natural de peixes e refúgio da fauna pantaneira. Assim, sugere-se o monitoramento contínuo de P.unifilis, uma vez que o ambiente do Pantanal com diversos ambientes aquáticos distintos, oferece condições favoráveis para o aumento da população da espécie no Pantanal Norte.

Abstract The process of exotic species introduction is recognized as one of the greatest threats to the ecology and economy of the planet, due to changes in interactions in native biological communities. In this sense, reporting bioinvasions is the first step to understanding its introduction process and creating strategies to mitigate possible socio-environmental damages. Here we report the first records of Podocnemis unifilis introduced in the Northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We obtained the species’ first records occasionally during 2014 and 2015. In the following years from 2016 to 2019, we carried out systematic observations through nautical incursions on the Paraguay River, between the Sepotuba River mouth and the Taiamã Ecological Station (TES). We also included third part records, when it was possible to prove the species identification and registration sites. Podocnemis unifilis adults, hatchling and nests were recorded at different points along the Paraguay River. Our results indicate that P. unifilis was introduced close to the urban nucleus of Cáceres about 30 years ago. Currently, it has an established population, recording nests and hatchling for years in a row. A particular one is its occurrence at the TES, an important natural fish nursery and refuge for the wetland fauna. Thus, continuous monitoring is suggested from P.unifilis, since the Pantanal’s environment with several different aquatic environments, offers favorable conditions for the species population increase in the Northern Pantanal.

Abstract This study estimated the potential effects of climate change on peripheral plant diversity by predicting the distribution of species from Cerrado of Northern Brazil. Ecological niche modeling was used to provide present and future projections of responses in terms of occurrence of ten woody species based on four algorithms and four future climate change scenarios for the year 2050. Potential refuge areas for conservation actions were identified, and evidence of the vulnerability of the flora was demonstrated based on the disparity between potential areas of climate stability amid current protected areas. The results suggested a lack of pattern between the scenarios and an idiosyncratic response of the species, indicating different impacts on plant communities and the existence of unequal stable alternative conditions, which could bring consequences to the ecological relationships and functionality of the floras. Even in the most pessimistic scenarios, most species presented an expansion of potential occurrence areas, suppressing or cohabiting with species of adjacent biomes. Typically marginal plants were the most sensitive. Overlapping adequate habitats are concentrated in the NBC. The analysis of habitats in relation to anthropized areas and PAs demonstrate low future effectiveness in the protection of these savannas.

ABSTRACT In Mexico, studies on bats have reported the presence of eight families and a total of 140 species, of which seven families and 55 species are reported for the state of Sinaloa. However, the Sierra de Navachiste, México is a natural protected area of state jurisdiction registered as an area subject to Ecological Conservation. studies on bat populations in this area are scarce or nonexistent, resulting in their environmental needs, current threats and the impact they have at population level being unknown. Despite finding a low species richness (five species), the migratory species Leptonycteris yerbabuenae was caught in Sierra de Navachiste. This bat is included on the IUCN red list (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) as a "vulnerable" species, and in Mexico it is listed as "Special protection" species. This bat is considered a keystone mutualist within the ecosystem due to its function as pollinator of the dominant columnar cacti and spreading its seeds though fruit consumption. These activities promote the dispersal of these plants and maintains the structure and health of the ecosystem. Due to the importance of the Sierra Navachiste as a refuge for at least five bat species, including one migratory and protected species, it is necessary to establish a management plan in order to protect the chiroptera community that depends on it.

RESUMEN En México se ha reportado la presencia de ocho familias y un total de 140 especies de murciélagos, de las cuales, siete familias y 55 especies se encuentran en el Estado de Sinaloa. Sin embargo, existen lugares como el área natural protegida de jurisdicción estatal “Sierra de Navachiste” registrada como área sujeta a Conservación Ecológica, donde los estudios sobre las poblaciones de murciélagos son escasos o inexistentes. Como consecuencia, se desconocen sus necesidades ambientales y las amenazas a las que se enfrentan sus poblaciones. Pese a registrarse una baja riqueza de especies en el presente estudio (cinco especies), se reporta la especie migratoria Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. Este murciélago está incluido en la lista roja de la IUCN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza) como especie "vulnerable", y en México figura como especie de "protección especial". La especie L. yerbabuenae es considerada una mutualista clave dentro del ecosistema debido a su función como polinizador de los cactus columnares dominantes, y por esparcir sus semillas a través del consumo de sus frutos, promoviendo la dispersión de estas plantas, y manteniendo la estructura y salud del ecosistema. Debido a la importancia de la Sierra Navachiste como refugio de al menos cinco especies de murciélagos, incluida una especie migratoria y protegida, es necesario establecer un plan de manejo para proteger a las poblaciones de quirópteros que depende de ella.

Abstract The article summarizes the artistic practice of Frans Krajcberg (1921 - 2017), focusing essentially on the Natura Site built in 1966 by the author, in the Atlantic Forest, in southern Bahia. Space, for which a fund was created to build the "Frans Krajcberg Ecological and Artistic Museum Foundation" to preserve the place and its pedagogical functions. The recent developments that the forest has been subject to are also discussed, with direct reflection on the Ecological Museum project, making the reflection that Krajcberg defended so much even more urgent.

Resumo O artigo apresenta, de forma resumida, a prática artística de Frans Krajcberg (1921 - 2017), focando essencialmente no Sítio Natura construído em 1966 pelo autor, na Mata Atlântica, no sul da Bahia. Espaço, para o qual foi criado um fundo para a construção da “Fundação Museu Ecológico e Artístico Frans Krajcberg” para preservar do lugar e das suas funções pedagógicas. É abordado, ainda, os desenvolvimentos recentes de que a floresta tem sido alvo, com reflexo direto sobre o projeto Museu Ecológico, tornando-se ainda mais urgente a reflexão que Krajcberg tanto defendeu.

Abstract This paper presents an ornithological inventory taken between March and December of 2017 in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Although the surroundings contain one relatively well-known location in regard to ornithology, Iguaçu National Park, several other areas merit exploration, among them the Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE-SH). The 1,479 ha ARIE-SH is essentially a large remnant of the Atlantic Forest located adjacent to the city of Santa Helena, Paraná, which commencing in the 1980s has undergone considerable reforestation with both native and exotic species, including fruit species. Prior to censusing bird species and to better characterize the avian community, we conducted a bibliographic review of earlier ornithological studies carried out at ARIE-SH. In addition, we conducted opportunistic and unsystematic observations in nearby locations. We recorded 311 species of birds. During the current inventory, and others conducted in the area since 2016, we recorded six Atlantic Forest endemic species, five species threatened in Paraná, and two globally threatened species. Common species which showed high Index of Frequency in Lists include (in descending order) Basileuterus culicivorus, Leptotila verreauxi, Cnemotriccus fuscatus, Corythopis delalandi, Turdus leucomelas and Arremon flavirostris. Nine species observed while conducting this census (Laterallus exilis, Amazona vinacea, Herpsilochmus longirostris, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, Casiornis rufus, Campylorhynchus turdinus, Myiothlypis flaveola, Eucometis penicillata and Sporophila palustris) are the first records for this region.

Abstract: Urban trees are a source of food resources, habitat and refuge for the biodiversity that occurs in cities. However, the taxonomic identity and status of each plant species as native and / or exotic of in an ecosystem influences its interactions with biodiversity. Wasps are one of the main insects present in terrestrial ecosystems, including urban ecosystems, as components of their biodiversity, playing an important role as biocontrol agents (predators and parasitoids) of populations of other insects associated with urban flora or as phytophagous. Seeking to deepen into the knowledge of the diversity of wasps in the city of Bogotá and their ecological interactions, in this study the diversity of wasps associated with three native and three exotic species frequently in urban parks of the city was evaluated. In total, 22 wasp families and 227 morphospecies were identified. The families Bethylidae, Chalcididae and Crabronidae are recorded for the first time in Bogotá. On the other part, the families Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae were the ones that contributed with the most richness and abundance in this study. Regarding their association with the evaluated plant species, a greater diversity of morphospecies associated with native tree species was found, however, there is an effect of the taxonomic identity and the factor park on the results that are discussed. It highlighting the importance of conserving the native urban flora in green spaces of Bogota’s city, in order to maintain and preserve the diversity of wasps principally with parasitoid and predator habits and thus enhance their role as natural biocontrol agents of insects that affect the health of urban trees, at the same time that ecological processes and functionality of this urban ecosystem would be stimulated.

Resumen: El arbolado urbano es fuente de recursos alimenticios, hábitat y refugio para la biodiversidad que ocurre en las ciudades. No obstante, la identidad taxonómica y el estatus de cada especie de planta como nativa y/o exótica de un ecosistema influencia sus interacciones con la biodiversidad. Las avispas son uno de los principales insectos presentes en los ecosistemas terrestres, incluyendo el urbano, como componentes de su biodiversidad, ejerciendo un rol importante como controladores biológicos (parasitoides y depredadores) de las poblaciones de otros insectos asociados a la flora urbana o como fitófagos. Buscando profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad de avispas en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus interacciones ecológicas, en este estudio se evaluó la diversidad de avispas asociadas a tres especies arbóreas nativas y tres exóticas frecuentes en los parques urbanos de la ciudad. En total se identificaron 22 familias de avispas y 227 morfoespecies. Las familias Bethylidae, Chalcididae y Crabronidae se registran por primera vez en Bogotá. Por su parte, las familias Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae y Braconidae fueron las que aportaron la mayor riqueza y abundancia en este estudio. Con respecto a su asociación con las especies vegetales evaluadas, se encontró una mayor diversidad de morfoespecies asociadas a las especies arbóreas nativas, sin embargo, hay un efecto de la identidad taxonómica de la especie y la variable parque sobre los resultados encontrados que se discuten. Se resalta la importancia de conservar la flora nativa en los espacios verdes de la ciudad de Bogotá, con el fin de mantener y conservar la diversidad de avispas principalmente de hábitos parasitoides y depredadores y así potencializar su rol como biocontroladores naturales de los insectos que afectan la salud del arbolado urbano, al mismo tiempo que se dinamizarían los procesos ecológicos y funcionalidad de este ecosistema urbano.

Resumen Los sistemas agro-productivos se consideran una alternativa para amortiguar la pérdida de biodiversidad. En estos sistemas, algunos mamíferos son catalogados como plagas debido a las afectaciones que ejercen sobre estos cultivos, lo que se traduce en medidas de control que alteran las funciones que cumplen en dichos ecosistemas transformados. Durante un estudio realizado en la granja experimental Yariguíes, Santander, que incluye parcelas de producción (80% de la superficie) y zonas de reserva de bosque húmedo tropical (20%), se determinó la diversidad de mamíferos no voladores, los posibles daños que ejercen y los roles ecológicos que desempeñan. Se realizaron recorridos a través de las zonas cultivadas y de bosque, disponiendo cámaras automáticas y trampas de captura viva, además de buscar rastros como huellas, madrigueras o excretas. Adicionalmente, se evidenciaron y cuantificaron los daños en los cultivos que ejercen algunas especies de roedores. Encontramos un total de 17 especies en cinco órdenes, representando 13 gremios; éstos evidencian los roles ecológicos que cumplen y cómo pueden beneficiar los cultivos. La ardilla roja (Notosciurus granatensis) fue la especie que más atacó los frutos, con mayor predilección por las mazorcas maduras. Los daños por roedores en los cultivos presentaron baja incidencia (<5% en promedio), posiblemente porque las especies depredadoras de cacao están siendo controladas por carnívoros que aún persisten en los bosques de reserva. Mientras que, las zonas de reserva proveerían refugio y alimento para ciertas especies, las áreas de cultivo funcionarían como corredores, permitiendo un equilibrio clave para estos sistemas agro-productivos.

Abstract Agro-productive systems are considered a valid alternative to diminish biodiversity loss. In these systems, some mammals are classified as pests due to their negative effect on crops, which results in control measurements that alter the functions that these species carry out on these transformed ecosystems. During a study at the Yariguíes, Santander, experimental farm, which includes production plots (80% of the surface area) and tropical rainforest reserve areas (20%), we assessed the diversity of non-flying mammals, the possible damage they cause, and the ecological roles they play. We coursed through the cultivated and forest areas, setting automatic cameras and live traps, while searching for signs as tracks, burrows or feces. In addition, we detected and quantified the damage caused to the cacao crops by some rodent species; we detected 17 species from five orders representing 13 guilds; these guilds show the ecological roles fulfilled by the mammals and how these roles can benefit the crops. The red-tailed squirrel (Notosciurus granatensis) was the species that attacked the cacao pods the most, showing higher preference for ripe ones. Damage by rodents at plots had a low frequency (<5% on average), possibly because predatory species of the pods are being controlled by the carnivores still present in the forest reserve. While forest reserve areas could provide refuge and food resources to some species, productive plots could act as corridors, allowing a key equilibrium for these agro-productive systems.