Abstract This research evaluated the flexo-compression behavior in the rigidity of the beam-pillar connection with the use of bamboo armor of the species bamboo vulgaris as an alternative replacement to conventional steel reinforcement, in the expectation of using an alternative material with ecological biases. They have manufactured reinforced concrete pillars of length 1,600 mm and cross-sections (140 x 140) mm² and (140 x 310) mm² were made, respectively, in the internal stretch and at the ends of the pillar, simulating the beam-pillar connection. The pillars had as their only variable the longitudinal reinforcement rate, of 1.03% for the conventional pillar, of 2.14%, 3.21% and 4.29% for the pillars with the bamboo. The results regarding the resistant capacity showed that the pillar with the bamboo rate of 4.29%, that is, with the reinforcement area four times the steel area, presented similar behavior to the pillar with conventional reinforcement and had the lowest ductility index, considerably reducing the propagation of cracks. And the theoretical estimates showed variability of only 9%. Thus, bamboo, with an adequate rate and adhesion, revealed a technically viable and sustainable alternative to steel in the manufacture of reinforced concrete structural elements. flexocompression flexo compression beampillar beam biases 1600 1 600 1,60 crosssections cross sections 140 (14 310 made respectively 103 03 1.03 214 2 14 2.14% 321 3 21 3.21 429 4 29 4.29 is index cracks 9 9% Thus adhesion elements 160 60 1,6 (1 31 10 0 1.0 2.14 32 3.2 42 4.2 16 6 1, ( 1. 2.1 3. 4. 2.

Resumo Esta pesquisa avaliou o comportamento de flexocompressão na rigidez da conexão viga-pilar com o uso de armadura de bambu da espécie Bambusa vulgaris como alternativa de substituição à armadura convencional de aço, na expectativa de utilizar um material com viés ecológico. Foram confeccionados 4 pilares de concreto armado de comprimento 1.600 mm e de seções transversais de 140x140 mm² e de 140x310 mm² no trecho interno e nas extremidades do pilar respectivamente, simulando a conexão viga-pilar. Os pilares tinham como única variável a taxa de armadura longitudinal, de 1,03% para o pilar convencional, de 2,14%, 3,21% e 4,29% para os pilares com o bambu. Os resultados quanto à capacidade resistente mostraram que o pilar com a taxa de bambu de 4,29%, ou seja, com a área de armadura quatro vezes a área do aço, apresentou comportamento similar ao pilar com armadura convencional e teve o menor índice de ductilidade, reduzindo consideravelmente a propagação das fissuras. As estimativas teóricas apresentaram variabilidade de apenas 9%. Assim, o bambu, com taxa e aderência adequadas, revelou-se uma alternativa tecnicamente viável e sustentável ao aço na fabricação de elementos estruturais de concreto armado. vigapilar viga ecológico 1600 1 600 1.60 x 140x14 140x31 respectivamente vigapilar. pilar. longitudinal 103 03 1,03 214 2 14 2,14% 321 3 21 3,21 429 29 4,29 seja ductilidade fissuras 9 9% Assim adequadas revelouse revelou se 160 60 1.6 140x1 140x3 10 0 1,0 2,14 32 3,2 42 4,2 16 6 1. 140x 1, 2,1 3, 4, 2,

Verlorenvlei is a globally important RAMSAR wetland on the arid west coast of South Africa. A prolonged drought between 2016 and 2021 and increasing competition for water from the agricultural sector resulted in extremely low water levels. We used historical aerial and satellite imagery from 1942 and rainfall and water level data for the past 50 years, to assess habitat changes within the estuarine functional zone of the Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake. Prior to the drought, lake water levels and water surface area remained stable (1113 ± 27 ha (SE)). Since then, there has been a 64% decrease in open water area, exposing 193 ha of sandbanks, of which 190.9 ha were hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich. The water in the lower lake was hypersaline (>100), and in the middle, it was acidic (pH<3). The low water level plus sediment and nutrient input from surrounding agriculture resulted in a localised increase in reeds. Additional pressures, such as fires, have reduced the above-ground biomass of reeds and sedges, potentially altering surface morphology and reducing stored carbon. Despite flooding and filling up in June 2023, the lake remained in an acidic state (3.9-4.3). Similar low-lake level, hypersaline and acidic conditions are predicted to become more common under future climate change scenarios where aridity and extreme weather events are anticipated. Inflow of fresh water into the estuary and control of farming practices are required to keep the Verlorenvlei in a functional state, with long-term monitoring necessary to assess the ecological condition in response to restoration actions. SIGNIFICANCE: We assessed the habitat changes in Verlorenvlei, an estuarine lake on the arid west coast of South Africa. Estuarine lakes are scarce, and an extended drought greatly reduced the water surface area, exposing hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich soils, leading to lake acidification and a negative response from biota. Competition for water from agribusiness and the burning of reeds are added pressures. Subsequent heavy rains have been slow to buffer lake acidity, and the impacts thereof serve as a warning for the management of similar ecosystems and their ecological water requirements, especially under climate change where extreme weather conditions, increased aridity and competition for water are realities.

Abstract: Background: Invasive exotic species exhibit different ecological traits that confer them competitive advantages over native vegetation, causing significant impacts on biodiversity. Questions: What is the invasion risk of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, considering its ecological traits and the potential impacts it may be causing in forest remnants? Study site and dates: The research was conducted in 2021 at the Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen and its surrounding area, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Methods: Various ecological traits of C. ficifolia were examined through field and laboratory experiments. Ecosystem impacts were analyzed through a multi-temporal analysis using satellite imagery and with the characterization of vegetation and key orders of pollinating insects. This information was utilized to assess its invasion risk. Results: Propagation of C. ficifolia occurred through sexual reproduction, with a generational time of less than one year. The C. ficifolia showed abundant seed production (> 70 % viable), high morphological variability in its fruits and seeds. The dominance of C. ficifolia correlated with forest contraction points, leading to significant changes in vegetation composition and structure, and some ecosystem processes. C. ficifolia was rated as having a high invasion risk. Conclusions: C. ficifolia exhibits multiple ecological traits that are linked to high invasiveness, allowing it to successfully establish itself in forest remnants with relevant effects on the ecosystem.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Las especies exóticas invasoras exhiben diferentes rasgos ecológicos que les confieren ventajas competitivas sobre la vegetación nativa con importantes efectos en la biodiversidad. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es el riesgo de invasión de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché teniendo en cuenta sus rasgos ecológicos y los impactos que puede estar generando en relictos boscosos? Sitio y periodo de estudio: la investigación se desarrolló durante 2021 en la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen y su área de influencia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Métodos: se examinaron diferentes rasgos ecológicos de C. ficifolia mediante experimentos en campo y de laboratorio. Se analizaron los impactos ecosistémicos a través de un análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales y con la caracterización de la vegetación y los principales órdenes de insectos polinizadores. Esta información se utilizó para evaluar su riesgo de invasión. Resultados: C. ficifolia se propagó de manera sexual, su tiempo generacional fue menor a un año. Denotó alta variabilidad morfológica en frutos y semillas registrando, además, abundante producción de semillas con alta viabilidad (> 70 %). Los puntos de contracción del bosque se correlacionaron con la dominancia de C. ficifolia, generando cambios significativos en la composición y estructura de la vegetación y en algunos procesos ecosistémicos. C. ficifolia fue calificada con un alto riesgo de invasión. Conclusiones: C. ficifolia reúne varios rasgos ecológicos asociados con una alta invasividad, lo que permitió establecerse exitosamente en relictos boscosos con efectos relevantes sobre el ecosistema.

Abstract The objective of this exploratory study is to chart the discourses circulating on the TikTok social network concerning climate change in Brazil. It investigates the predominant narratives on Brazilian TikTok regarding climate change and the implications of these narratives. Using a methodology based on Basch et al. (2022) tailored for the Brazilian context, this study analyses 50 videos indicated as the most relevant by the platform using the hashtag #mudancaclimatica (#climatechange). Key aspects investigated include language patterns, the use of sources and strategies for addressing climate change. The videos were categorised based on various criteria, including their stance on the truth of climate change, the environmental issues highlighted, the social and ecological impacts mentioned, and the extreme weather events described. Given TikTok’s immense popularity in Brazil, the prevalence of disinformation on digital platforms in the country, and the lack of awareness among Brazilians about climate change, this study aims to assess the potentially harmful effects of narrative circulation on the platform on understanding the issue. The findings indicate a relative consensus on the reality and severity of climate change. However, aspects pertaining to the complexity of the problem often receive less attention. Prominent in the analysed narratives are those with an alarmist tone, amplified by the platform’s features. Moreover, the sources and channels behind these productions often lack clear identification, even when they are directly linked to scientific dissemination. This ambiguity could pose challenges in using these materials to counter climate denialism.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo exploratório é realizar um mapeamento dos discursos em circulação na rede social TikTok ligados à temática das mudanças climáticas no Brasil. Investiga-se, portanto, que narrativas predominam no TikTok brasileiro quando se trata de mudanças climáticas e que sentidos essas narrativas engendram. A partir de metodologia baseada em Basch et al. (2022) com adaptações para o contexto brasileiro, 50 vídeos indicados como os mais relevantes pela plataforma a partir da hashtag #mudancaclimatica foram analisados. Investigamos aspectos como linguagens utilizadas, uso de fontes e estratégias de enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas. Os vídeos foram classificados segundo diversos critérios, como seu posicionamento em relação à veracidade, ou não, das mudanças climáticas, os temas ambientais abordados, impactos sociais e ambientais citados e os eventos climáticos extremos referenciados. Em um contexto de grande popularidade do TikTok no Brasil, disseminação de desinformação em plataformas digitais no país e brasileiros pouco informados sobre as mudanças climáticas, a pesquisa busca compreender em que medida a circulação de narrativas na plataforma pode ser nociva à compreensão do problema. Concluímos que, por um lado, existe relativo consenso em relação à veracidade e gravidade das mudanças climáticas. Por outro, aspectos relacionados à complexidade da questão ficam em segundo plano. Narrativas em tom alarmista, reforçadas pelas affordances da plataforma, aparecem em proeminência. Além disso, fontes utilizadas e canais responsáveis pelas produções são pouco identificáveis, mesmo quando relacionados diretamente à divulgação científica, o que pode representar um problema para o uso desses materiais no enfrentamento ao negacionismo climático.

Resumen En el presente texto se problematiza sobre la noción de desarrollo sostenible como expresión (oficial) que revela la continuidad histórica de una forma de organización social y de un régimen de producción insostenibles, basados en la explotación de la naturaleza y el trabajo humano, así como en la adecuación de las instituciones sociales y de las expresiones culturales a las demandas del régimen de producción y la sociedad de mercado que materializan el poder de grupos y corporaciones. Se entiende como el resultado de un proceso histórico y una forma de civilización impuesta a los pueblos del mundo, vía la colonización evangelizadora, la dominación política y el exterminio cultural; un nuevo credo y evangelio que revestidos de racionalidad se impusieron con fuerza colonizadora a través de los discursos del progreso y desarrollo y se difundieron por el mundo para producir lo contrario: subdesarrollo. Esta revisión se orientó en el objetivo de rastrear en sus expresiones discursivas (léase oficiales) viejos preceptos que, asentados sobre novedosas adjetivaciones, mantienen intacto el algoritmo del paradigma hegemónico occidental eurocéntrico: progreso à evolución à crecimiento à desarrollo. Del análisis realizado, se desprende la insostenibilidad del desarrollo sostenible en su filiación de origen al crecimiento económico, al reconocer límites ecológicos al crecimiento material y a la naturaleza como fuente de recursos y vertedero de deshechos, al confrontar las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad ecológica y social como contradictorias, en tanto avances en la sostenibilidad ecológica acarrean afectaciones en la sostenibilidad social, en fin de cuentas, la insostenibilidad del desarrollo sostenible es la expresión de la imposibilidad física de la continuidad de la civilización del desarrollo (moderna) basada en el crecimiento económico y material y de sus formas de producción y reproducción de la vida social.

Résumé Dans cet article, la notion de développement durable est problématisée en tant qu'expression (officielle) révélant la continuité historique d'une forme d'organisation sociale et d'un régime de production insoutenables, basés sur l'exploitation de la nature et du travail humain, ainsi que sur l'adaptation des institutions sociales et des expressions culturelles aux exigences du régime de production et de la société de marché qui matérialisent le pouvoir des groupes et des corporations. Il est défini comme le résultat d'un processus historique et d'une forme de civilisation imposée aux peuples du monde, via la colonisation évangélisatrice, la domination politique et l'extermination culturelle; un nouveau credo et évangile qui, revêtus de rationalité, ont été imposés avec force colonisatrice à travers les discours du progrès et du développement en se répandant dans le monde pour produire le contraire : le sous-développement. Cette révision a été orientée vers l'objectif de retracer dans ses expressions discursives (lire officielles) de vieux préceptes qui, fondés sur de nouvelles qualifications, maintiennent intact l'algorithme du paradigme hégémonique occidental euro centrique: progrès → évolution → croissance → développement. À partir de l’analyse réalisée, il ressort l'insoutenabilité du développement durable dans son affiliation d'origine à la croissance économique, en reconnaissant les limites écologiques à la croissance matérielle et à la nature en tant que source de ressources et décharge de déchets, en confrontant les dimensions de la durabilité écologique et sociale comme contradictoires, puisque les progrès en matière de durabilité écologique entraînent des impacts sur la durabilité sociale. Bref, l'insoutenabilité du développement durable est l'expression de l'impossibilité physique de la continuité de la civilisation du développement (moderne) basée sur la croissance économique et matérielle et sur ses formes de production et de reproduction de la vie sociale.

Abstract This text problematizes the notion of sustainable development as an (official) expression that reveals the historical continuity of a form of social organization and an unsustainable production regime, based on the exploitation of nature and human labor, as well as in the adaptation of social institutions and cultural expressions to the demands of the production regime and market society that materialize the power of groups and corporations. It is understood as the result of a historical process and a form of civilization imposed on the peoples of the world, via evangelizing colonization, political domination and cultural extermination; a new creed and gospel that, clothed in rationality, were imposed with colonizing force through the discourses of progress and development and spread throughout the world to produce the opposite: underdevelopment. This review aimed to trace in its discursive expressions (read official) old precepts that, based on novel adjectives, keep intact the algorithm of the Eurocentric Western hegemonic paradigm: progress à evolution à growth à development. From the analysis carried out, the unsustainability of sustainable development emerges in its original affiliation to economic growth, by recognizing ecological limits to material growth and nature as a source of resources and a dumping ground for waste, by confronting the dimensions of ecological and social sustainability as contradictory, while advances in ecological sustainability entail effects on social sustainability, in the end, the unsustainability of sustainable development is the expression of the physical impossibility of the continuity of development civilization (modern) based on economic growth and material and its forms of production and reproduction of social life.

Abstract In Brazil, 65% of the electric power production comes from hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). In some cases, these power plants divert the course of rivers, resulting in regions impacted by the absence of water, which are known as reduced fow sections (RFS). These sections are regulated by legislation and aim to maintain the minimum fow necessary to preserve the fauna, flora, fish, and human consumption in the region. Depending on the time of year, this minimum flow, also known as ecological flow (residual flow), can reach significant values, resulting in the interruption of power generation in these HPPs. This article presents a study case of two hydroelectric power plants located in different Brazilian states. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of implementing auxiliary generator groups that can operate uninterruptedly at different drop heights while ensuring the preservation of residual flow during low flow periods or taking advantage of the overflow flow by spillways during high flow periods. This auxiliary system would use the same set of structures and transmission systems as the main power plant, minimizing environmental impacts and implementation costs, allowing this solution to be implemented in HPPs that face this type of problem in Brazil. The results obtained indicate that HPPs with larger reservoirs have a greater ability to maintain residual flows with minimal generation loss and that run-of-the-river power plants are the most impacted by the maintenance of residual flow. Brazil 65 . (HPPs) cases rivers water RFS. RFS (RFS) fauna flora fish region year , flow) values states plant costs runoftheriver run river 6 (HPPs (RFS

Abstract The fragmentation of natural ecosystems has become a serious global problem caused by the construction of conventional infrastructure. While this development has contributed to the economic growth of large cities, its installation and operation have socio-economic impacts on various rural populations, creating conditions and feelings of marginalization and poverty among them. Therefore, an evaluation has been conducted using landscape ecology and specialized software to assess whether the infrastructure built since 1975 in the highlands of the Tacna Department has had ecological effects on its ecosystems and high Andean societies. It has been determined that 267.3 km2 of conventional infrastructure (5.51% of the total surface) has caused a barrier effect on the Suri and an area effect on various wild plant species, reducing their abundance, diversity, and coverage. Additionally, there is evidence of the edge effect, as indicated by changes in relative humidity and soil and ambient temperatures. The interaction of rural people with their natural environment fulfills their human needs, and it has been observed that the partial or total replacement of ecosystems has limited essential development conditions, such as access to resources and exclusion from decision-making about them. This replacements have generated a climate of exclusion and injustice, leading to protests and opposition in past social conflicts that still linger. Therefore, implementing better mechanisms for environmental impact assessment, territorial management, restoration, and rural development based on the conservation of ecosystems and adequate compensation for ecosystem services will ensure the development and social peace in the high Andean societies of the Puna ecoregion.

Resumen La fragmentación de los ecosistemas naturales viene siendo un grave problema mundial, ocasionado por la construcción de infraestructura convencional, que, si bien ha contribuido al desarrollo económico de las grandes ciudades, su instalación y funcionamiento afecta socioeconómicamente a diferentes poblaciones rurales, creando en ellas condiciones y sensaciones de marginalidad y pobreza. Por ello, se ha evaluado mediante la ecología del paisaje y un software especializado, si aquella construida desde el año 1975 en la puna del Departamento de Tacna, ha provocado efectos ecológicos sobre sus ecosistemas y sociedades altoandinas, determinándose que 267,3 km2 de infraestructura convencional (5.51% de la superficie total) ha provocado el efecto barrera sobre el Suri y el efecto área en diversas especies de flora silvestre, reduciendo su abundancia, diversidad y cobertura, pero también del efecto borde, evidenciado por cambios en la humedad relativa y temperaturas del suelo y ambiente encontradas. La interacción del hombre rural con su entorno natural satisface sus necesidades humanas, comprobándose .- que el reemplazo parcial o total de los ecosistemas, ha limitado las condiciones básicas de desarrollo, como el acceso a recursos y la exclusión 110 en las decisiones sobre ellos, generando un clima de injusticia, provocando reclamos y oposiciones durante los conflictos sociales pasados que aún son latentes, por lo que la implementación de mejores mecanismos de evaluación del impacto ambiental, de gestión territorial, de restauración y desarrollo rural, basado en la conservación de sus ecosistemas y las compensaciones o retribuciones efectivas por servicios ecosistémicos, garantizaran el desarrollo y la paz social en las sociedades altoandinas de la ecorregión Puna.

Abstract The concept of adapting agro-economic practices in order to improve production and environmental conditions transforms our agroecosystems. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in regenerative practices for this purpose. We carried out a study funded by Aland Foundation and the AlVelAl initiative. To achieve this, ALVelAl association gives technical support to farmers, working on the restoration of farmlands using regenerative techniques, organising training workshops that guarantee an open exchange of knowledge between farmers, technicians, and companies. In collaboration with AlVelAl, we explore the suitability of regenerative techniques in semiarid agro ecological systems. We carried out a monitoring project in one almond orchard in Illana (Guadalajara), and coordinated the implementation of regenerative techniques co-designed with the land manager. The aim of the regenerative techniques employed in this project improve the soil fertility and water content. We implemented six techniques: 1) minimum tillage, standard practice for the area (MT); 2) minimum tillage with organic amendments (MT&Compost); 3) minimum tillage with a legume crop as green manure (MT&Leg); 4) minimum tillage with mixed wheat and legume crops as green manure (MT&Mix); 5) minimum tillage with Brachypodium as green manure (MT&Bra) and 6) minimum tillage with wheat as green manure (MT&Ce). The total area of the trial is 5.400 m2. We aim to study the impacts of regenerative practices on soil parameters (bulk density and soil moisture) and on weed biomass and leaf area of almond trees. We presents the first results of the project obtained during the campaign 2022-23.

Resumen: La búsqueda de prácticas agroeconómicas que mejoren la producción en nuestros agroecosistemas de secano ha conllevado un aumento del interés por la agricultura regenerativa. Dicha agricultura está basada en prácticas que fomentan un manejo agrícola que restaura suelo, mejora la gestión del agua y fomenta la biodiversidad. La iniciativa de la Fundación Aland en las comunidades agrícolas locales de Andalucía y Murcia fomenta un agroecosistema productivo integrado denominado ‘Almendrehesa’. Este agroecosistema combina el cultivo de almendro con técnicas regenerativas promocionando la transformación y comercialización de la materia prima con valor añadido. En colaboración con el Territorio AlVelAl, exploramos la idoneidad de las técnicas regenerativas en sistemas agroecológicos semiáridos. Llevamos a cabo un proyecto de seguimiento en un huerto de almendros en Illana (Guadalajara), en el centro de España, y coordinamos la aplicación de técnicas regenerativas co-diseñadas por los investigadores y los gestores de la tierra. Se aplicaron seis técnicas: 1) mínimo laboreo (ML), práctica habitual para la zona; 2) mínimo laboreo con enmiendas orgánicas (ML&Compost); 3) mínimo laboreo con cultivo de leguminosas como abono verde (ML& Leg); 4) mínimo laboreo con cultivos mixtos de cereal y leguminosas como abono verde (ML& Mix); 5) mínimo laboreo con Brachypodium como abono verde (ML& Bra) y 6) mínimo laboreo con cereal como abono verde (ML& Ce). Se pretende estudiar el impacto de las prácticas regenerativas en parámetros del suelo (densidad aparente y humedad del suelo) y en la biomasa de las mala hierbas y área foliar del almendro. En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados del proyecto obtenidos durante la campaña 2022-23.

ABSTRACT: In the last decade, the Vilcanota River sub-basin (Cusco, Peru) has shown high water vulnerability due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures typical of the economic model. In a context of pandemic and ecological crisis, addressing the complexity of the value of water becomes pertinent in order to overcome the exclusive use of mechanisms to calculate monetary value or sustain environmental governance based on cost-benefit analysis. The main objective of the study was to analyze water consumption rates in the Vilcanota River sub-basin to integrate management with a vision from ecological economics. To do this, the dynamic factors, impacts and responses of water governance were analyzed, and the problem of value was addressed through the analysis of hydrological flows with the ecological economy approach. A high consumption of the household sector was found (urban: 265151.71 m3/h, rural: 163087.50 m3/h), mainly due to urban expansion, change in land use and other local problems in a mainly agricultural area. where an analysis of the social metabolism in the Vilcanota River sub-basin and the inclusion of complexity management in environmental public policy is necessary.

RESUMEN: En la última década, la subcuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú) ha mostrado una alta vulnerabilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático y a las presiones antrópicas propias del modelo económico. En un contexto de crisis pandémica y ecológica, abordar la complejidad del valor del agua se hace pertinente a fin de superar el uso exclusivo de mecanismos para calcular el valor monetario o sostener una gobernanza ambiental basada en el análisis costo-beneficio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las tasas de consumo de agua en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota para integrar la gestión con una visión desde la economía ecológica. Para ello se analizaron los factores dinámicos, impactos y respuestas de la gobernanza hídrica, y se abordó el problema del valor mediante el análisis de los flujos hidrológicos con el enfoque de la economía ecológica. Se encontró un alto consumo del sector hogares (urbano: 265151,71 m3/h, rural: 163087,50 m3/h), principalmente debido a la expansión urbana, cambio de uso de suelo y otras problemáticas locales sobre una zona principalmente agrícola, donde se hace necesario un análisis del metabolismo social en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota y la inclusión de la gestión de la complejidad en la política pública ambiental.

ABSTRACT: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a significant environmental problem due to their toxicity, with a high capacity to persist in the environment, resistance to conventional degradation methods, the ability to accumulate in living organisms and their magnification in food chains or food. In this review article, the impacts on health and environmental components are examined. Strategies and measures for control, mitigation and/or minimization of POPs are also addressed. Agricultural and industrial activities, inadequate final disposal of solid waste and lack of wastewater treatment are identified as the main sources of POP emissions. In addition, innovative and promising technologies are analyzed, such as nanotechnology, bioremediation, rhizoremediation, biochar, chromatography techniques, ultrasound, among others, for the adequate treatment of POPs. The review highlights both the advantages and limitations of these technologies, pointing out areas that still require developments to achieve effective treatments. More economical and ecological alternatives are also mentioned to counteract the impacts of POPs.

RESUMEN: Los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COP) representan un problema ambiental significativo debido a su toxicidad, con una alta capacidad para persistir en el entorno, resistencia a los métodos de degradación convencionales, la capacidad de acumulación en organismos vivos y su magnificación en las cadenas tróficas o alimentarias. En este artículo de revisión, se examinan los impactos en la salud y en los componentes medio ambientales. También se abordan las estrategias y medidas de control, mitigación y/o minimización de los COP. Se identifica a las actividades agrícolas, industriales, la inadecuada disposición final de los residuos sólidos y la falta de tratamiento de las aguas residuales como las principales fuentes de emisión de COP. Además, se analizan tecnologías innovadoras y prometedoras, como la nanotecnología, biorremediación, rizorremediación, biocarbón, técnicas de cromatografía, ultrasonido, entre otras, para el tratamiento adecuado de los COP. La revisión destaca tanto las ventajas como las limitaciones de estas tecnologías, señalando áreas que aún requieren desarrollos para lograr tratamientos eficaces. También se mencionan alternativas más económicas y ecológicas, para contrarrestar los impactos de los COP.

Abstract Urban environments present less environmental heterogeneity in relation to the natural ones, affecting the biodiversity of bats and the ecological processes in which they participate. In this way, we will identify how urbanization influences the structure of bat communities in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. We compared species composition, guilds and bat richness in a gradient that crossed urban, semi-urban and natural areas in the municipality of Goiânia, contained in the Cerrado biome. We captured a total of 775 bats of 16 species distributed in three families. Urban areas had a higher species abundance, while semi-urban areas had a higher species richness. The three types of environments have different compositions, the urban one being more homogeneous, the fauna in these areas is composed of generalist species, which benefit from this process. The diversity present in semi-urban areas is a consequence of the intersection between urban and natural fauna, which is why urban expansion needs to occur in a planned manner to minimize the impacts of this process and ensure the maintenance of biodiversity. ones participate way Goiânia Goiás Brazil composition semiurban semi biome 77 1 families abundance compositions homogeneous 7

Resumo Ambientes urbanos apresentam uma heterogeneidade ambiental menor em relação aos naturais, afetando a biodiversidade de morcegos e os processos ecológicos dos quais participam. Desta forma, vamos identificar como a urbanização influência na estruturação das comunidades de morcegos no município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Comparamos a composição de espécies, guildas e riqueza de morcegos em um gradiente que cruzou áreas urbanas, semiurbanas e naturais no município de Goiânia, contido no bioma Cerrado. Capturamos um total de 775 morcegos de 16 espécies distribuídas em três famílias. Áreas urbanas apresentaram uma abundância maior de espécies, enquanto em áreas semiurbanas tivemos uma riqueza de espécies maior. Os três tipos de ambientes apresentam diferentes composições, sendo o urbano mais homogêneo, a fauna nessas áreas é composta por espécies generalistas, que se beneficiam com esse processo. A diversidade presente nas áreas semiurbanas é consequência do cruzamento entre a fauna urbana e a natural, por isso é necessário que a expansão urbana ocorra de forma planejada para minimizar os impactos desse processo e garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade. participam Goiânia Goiás Brasil Cerrado 77 1 famílias composições homogêneo generalistas natural 7

Resumo O efeito de borda tem impactos severos na sobrevivência de sementes e plântulas devido a modificações dos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Frequentemente, espécies arbóreas com sementes grandes perdem seus dispersores na borda da floresta devido à raridade ou ausência de grandes frugívoros neste tipo de habitat. Neste estudo, comparei a abundância e distribuição de plântulas de S. flexuosa entre bordas e interiores de três grandes remanescentes de Cerrado. Em cada remanescente, o número de plântulas ao redor das palmeiras-mãe, na borda, era menor do que ao redor dos indivíduos no interior do Cerrado. Nas bordas, a maioria das plântulas foi encontrada junto às plantas mãe, enquanto no interior ocorreu o contrário. A alta concentração de plântulas sob as plantas adultas sugere diminuição da dispersão de sementes nas bordas. Como S. flexuosa é uma palmeira amplamente distribuída que serve como um recurso importante para vários animais nos habitats do Cerrado, mudanças no processo de regeneração dessa palmeira devido aos efeitos de borda podem impactar ainda mais as populações de frugívoros. Portanto, o declínio do estabelecimento de plântulas ao longo das bordas do Cerrado implica em mudanças na dinâmica de regeneração do Cerrado, o que pode comprometer a persistência de processos ecológicos e comunidades animais.

Abstract The edge effect has impacts on seed and seedling survival due to modifications in biotic and abiotic factors. Often, large-seeded tree species lost seed vectors in the forest edge due to the rarity or absence of large frugivores at this habitat type. In this study, I compared the seedling abundance and distribution of the palm Syagrus flexuosa between edges and interiors of three large Cerrado remnants. In every remnant, the number of seedlings around parent palms in the edge was smaller than around palm individuals located in the Cerrado interior. Moreover, the distribution of seedlings around parent palms differed between edges and interiors. In the edges, most seedlings were found under parent crowns, while in the interiors, the contrary occurred. The high concentration of seedlings under parent palms suggests a decrease of seed dispersal at the edges. Because S. flexuosa is a widely distributed palm that serves as an important resource for several animals along Cerrado habitats, changes on the regeneration process of this palm due to edge effects can further impact frugivore populations. Therefore, the decline of seedling establishment along forest edges implies changes in the Cerrado regeneration dynamics, which may compromise the persistence of ecological processes and animal communities.

Abstract Schyzocotyle acheilognathi is a fish tapeworm native to Asia but has been reported as an alien species on practically all other continents. Its invasive potential is due to its low host specificity and high adaptability to different environments, and its spread to new areas can result in economic and ecological impacts. Studies reporting this species in South America are still scarce, indicating the need to monitor its dispersion to new areas. Herein, tapeworms found in guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from an urban stream located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in April 2021 were subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. As a result, 5/13 (38.5%) of the P. reticulata specimens evaluated were infected with intestinal tapeworms. It was verified a mean intensity of infection of 7.8 (1-25) and a mean abundance of infection of 3 (0-25). The morphology of the cestodes obtained was compatible with that of S. acheilognathi. Moreover, genetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox-1) revealed 97.89-99.77% similarity to isolates of this species from different localities. The possibility that S. acheilognathi is expanding to new regions of South America is discussed. continents environments impacts scarce Herein guppies Horizonte Gerais Brazil 202 characterization 513 5 13 5/1 38.5% 385 38 (38.5% P 78 7 8 7. 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S Moreover Cox1 Cox (Cox-1 97.8999.77% 97899977 97.89 99.77% 97 89 99 77 97.89-99.77 localities discussed 20 51 5/ 38.5 (38.5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox- 8999 97.8999.77 9789997 9789 97.8 9977 99.77 9 97.89-99.7 38. (38. (1- (0-2 (Cox 899 97.8999.7 978999 978 97. 997 99.7 97.89-99. (38 (1 (0- 97.8999. 97899 99. 97.89-99 (3 ( (0 97.8999 97.89-9 97.899 97.89-

Resumo Schyzocotyle acheilognathi é um cestoide de peixes nativos da Ásia, mas tem sido reportado como uma espécie exótica em praticamente todos os demais continentes. Seu potencial invasor ocorre devido à sua baixa especificidade por hospedeiros, assim como alta adaptabilidade a distintos ambientes. Sua dispersão para novas áreas pode resultar em impactos econômicos e ecológicos. Estudos que relatam essa espécie na América do Sul ainda são escassos, o que indica a necessidade de monitorar sua dispersão para novas áreas. Neste trabalho, cestoides encontrados em lebistes, Poecilia reticulata, de um córrego urbano, localizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em abril de 2021, foram submetidos à caracterização morfológica e molecular. Como resultado, 5/13 (38,5%) dos espécimes de P. reticulata avaliados estavam infectados com cestoides intestinais. Verificou-se uma intensidade média de infecção de 7,8 (1-25) e uma abundância média de infecção de 3 (0-25). A morfologia dos cestoides obtidos foi compatível com a de S. acheilognathi. Além disso, a análise genética, baseada no gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade 1 (Cox-1), revelou 97,89-99,77% de similaridade com isolados dessa espécie provenientes de diferentes localidades. Dessa forma, discute-se a possibilidade de S. acheilognathi estar se expandindo para novas regiões da América do Sul. Ásia continentes hospedeiros ambientes ecológicos escassos trabalho lebistes urbano Horizonte Gerais Brasil 2021 molecular resultado 513 5 13 5/1 38,5% 385 38 (38,5% P intestinais Verificouse Verificou 78 7 8 7, 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S disso genética Cox1, Cox1 Cox , (Cox-1) 97,8999,77% 97899977 97,89 99,77% 97 89 99 77 97,89-99,77 localidades forma discutese discute 202 51 5/ 38,5 (38,5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox-1 8999 97,8999,77 9789997 9789 97,8 9977 99,77 9 97,89-99,7 20 38, (38, (1- (0-2 (Cox- 899 97,8999,7 978999 978 97, 997 99,7 97,89-99, (38 (1 (0- (Cox 97,8999, 97899 99, 97,89-99 (3 ( (0 97,8999 97,89-9 97,899 97,89-

Abstract Assessing the impacts caused by fisheries requires long-term data series and continuous landing monitoring, which are still scarce in several low and middle-income countries. Alternative approaches, such as fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) have been employed to assess the history of marine resources and overcome the challenges of missing data. We documented temporal changes over the last 60 years in small-scale fisheries in Arraial do Cabo, Brazil. Interviews with 155 fishers revealed the capture of six shark species (one genus), all under extinction risk according to the global and the national Red Lists. Among these, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus plumbeus, and Isurus oxyrinchus are commercially important. While LEK suggests an increase in fishing efforts, with new fishing grounds emerging after 2006, the number of individuals caught has decreased over time. Historical shark exploitation has led to substantial declines in the catches of C. plumbeus and C. brevipinna, which have rare occurrences in the region. Although landing data are critical information for building local fisheries management plans and setting conservation strategies, monitoring in the region is discontinuous and should be prioritized by public policies. longterm long term middleincome middle income countries approaches (LEK 6 smallscale small scale Cabo Brazil 15 one genus, genus , genus) Lists these brevipinna important efforts 2006 time C strategies policies 1 200 20 2

Resumo Avaliar os impactos causados pela pesca requer dados de longo prazo e monitoramento contínuo das capturas, os quais ainda são escassos em vários países de baixa e média renda. Abordagens alternativas, como o conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores (CEL), têm sido utilizadas para avaliar a história dos recursos marinhos e superar os desafios da ausência de dados. Documentamos mudanças temporais ao longo dos últimos 60 anos na pesca artesanal em Arraial do Cabo, Brasil. Entrevistas com 155 pescadores revelaram a captura de seis espécies de tubarões e um gênero, todas em risco de extinção de acordo com as Listas Vermelhas global e nacional. Entre essas espécies, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus plumbeus e Isurus oxyrinchus são comercialmente importantes. Embora o CEL tenha revelado um aumento nos esforços de pesca, com novos locais de pesca surgindo após 2006, o número de indivíduos capturados diminuiu ao longo do tempo. A exploração histórica de tubarões levou a declínios substanciais nas capturas de C. plumbeus e C. brevipinna, os quais possuem ocorrências raras na região. Embora os dados de desembarque sejam informações críticas para elaborar planos de gestão pesqueira local e estabelecer estratégias de conservação, o monitoramento na região é descontínuo e deveria ser priorizado por políticas públicas. renda alternativas CEL, , (CEL) 6 Cabo Brasil 15 gênero nacional brevipinna importantes 2006 tempo C conservação públicas (CEL 1 200 20 2

ABSTRACT Extreme weather events (e.g., droughts, excessive precipitation) are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the coming decades due to climate change, causing significant impacts on society and ecosystems. Because these events are rare and complex, they have been studied with manipulative experiments. Littorinidae snails inhabit a complex and variable environment in which they must deal with periodic extreme events and are thus considered excellent ecological models for these studies. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effects of extreme climatic events on the survival and weight of the species Littorina fabalis and Littorina littorea in Spain and Littoraria angulifera and Littoraria flava in Brazil. Higher mortality rates and greater weight loss were observed in the desiccation resistance treatment compared to the control treatment in both countries. The results showed dependence on the species’ body size. The submergence tolerance treatment indicated that the species from Spain are more susceptible to mortality in response to excessive rainfall and/or coastal flooding. Each species tested for the effect of extreme climatic events using an integrated response strategy with clear latitudinal differences. Understanding the organisms’ responses at different latitudes is essential for conservation biology on a global scale. e.g., eg e g (e.g. droughts precipitation change ecosystems experiments studies Therefore Brazil countries size andor or flooding differences organisms scale e.g. (e.g e.g