ABSTRACT This work determined the ecological footprint of the National Center for Applied Electromagnetism, a science institution attached at the Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba. The categories analyzed to carry out the calculations of CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint were: Water, Built surface, Electricity Consumption, Mobility, Paper, Non-hazardous solid waste, Hazardous waste, Food, Services and Production of Magnetic Conditioners. The methodology of Doménech (2009) and the methodology for calculating the ecological footprint in universities of López Álvarez et al. (2009) of the Sustainable Development Office, University of Santiago de Compostela were used as a basis. The results obtained for the year 2022 reflect that the National Center for Applied Electromagnetism needs an area of 52,984 ha/year of forest to regenerate the natural resources that the center uses for the satisfaction of it social demand. Similarly, it requires 89,096 hag standard forest to assimilate CO2 emissions.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo desarrolló el cálculo de la huella ecológica del Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, entidad de ciencia adscrita a la Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba. Las categorías analizadas para realizar los cálculos de las emisiones de CO2 y de la huella ecológica fueron: Agua, Superficie construida, Consumo de Electricidad, Movilidad, Papel, Residuos sólidos no peligrosos, Residuos peligrosos, Alimentos, Servicios y Producción de Acondicionadores Magnéticos. Se utilizó como base la metodología de Doménech (2009) y la metodología para el cálculo de la huella ecológica en universidades de López Álvarez y colaboradores (2009) de la Oficina de Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Los resultados obtenidos para el año 2022 reflejan que el Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado necesita un área de bosques de 52,984 ha/año para regenerar los recursos naturales que se demandan por el centro para satisfacer su objeto social. Asimismo, requiere de 89,096 hag de bosque estándar mundial para asimilar las emisiones de CO2 generadas.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Abstract Background: The production of biofuels has caused an increase in the prices of agricultural commodities. Thus, the ecological footprint, social inclusion and profitability of production systems have encouraged the use of agro-industrial products as an alternative in ruminant feeds. Objective: To evaluate carcass yields, non-carcass components, and the economic viability of including licuri oil in diet of Santa Ines ewes. Methods: A total of 32 Santa Ines ewes (multiparous, non-lactating, 2-4 years old, and 36.7±0.87 kg of body weight-BW) were allotted to a randomized block design with four treatments (diets containing 0, 2, 4 or 5% licuri oil) with eight replicates per treatment, and confined for 77 days. Results: The incremental inclusion of licuri oil promoted a quadratic response on slaughter BW, carcass and true yields, chest widths, heart fat, pancreas, omental fat, and ribeye area (p<0.05). Carcass, heart and loin weight, shank yield, fat thickness and loin fat were reduced (p<0.05); while cooling losses, left half-carcass weight, saw blade yield, and proportion of meat in the loin increased (p<0.05) with increasing dietary levels of licuri oil. The control diet resulted in the best gross revenue (USD$609.39); however, there was a loss (USD$50.96) regarding economic performance indicators. Conclusion: The use of up to 2% licuri oil in the diet increased carcass yield of discard ewes.

Resumen Antecedentes: La producción de biocombustibles ha provocado un aumento en los precios de los productos agrícolas básicos. Por lo tanto, la huella ecológica, la inclusión social y la rentabilidad de los sistemas productivos han incentivado la busqueda de productos agroindustriales como alternativa para la alimentación de rumiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento en canal, los componentes ajenos a la canal, y la viabilidad económica de incluir aceite de licuri en dietas para ovejas de raza Santa Ines. Métodos: Un total de 32 ovejas Santa Ines (multíparas, no lactantes, de 2 a 4 años y de 36,7±0,87 kg de peso corporal-PC) fueron asignadas a un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro tratamientos (dieta basal adicionada con 0, 2, 4 o 5% de aceite de licuri) con ocho repeticiones por tratamiento, y confinadas por 77 días. Resultados: Los niveles incrementales de aceite de licuri tuvieron un efecto cuadrático sobre el PC al sacrificio, el rendimiento real y de la canal, el ancho del pecho, la grasa del corazón, el páncreas, la grasa del epiplón y el área del ojo del lomo (p<0,05). Se redujo (p<0,05) el peso de la canal, el corazón y el lomo, el rendimiento del jarrete, el grosor de la grasa y la grasa del lomo; y aumentaron las pérdidas por enfriamiento, el peso de media canal restante, el rendimiento de la hoja de sierra y la proporción de carne en el lomo (p<0,05) con niveles incrementales de aceite de licuri. La dieta control resultó en el mejor ingreso bruto (USD$609,39); sin embargo, hubo una pérdida (USD$50,96) en los indicadores de desempeño económico. Conclusión: El uso de hasta un 2% de aceite de licuri en la dieta incrementa el rendimiento en canal de las ovejas de descarte.

Resumo Antecedentes: A produção de biocombustíveis tem causado um aumento nos preços das commodities agrícolas. Assim, a pegada ecológica, a inclusão social e a rentabilidade do sistema de produção têm incentivado o uso de produtos agroindustriais como alternativa alimentar para ruminantes. Objetivo: Avaliar os rendimentos de carcaça, componentes não carcaça e a viabilidade econômica da inclusão do óleo de licuri em dietas para ovelhas Santa Inês. Métodos: Um total de 32 ovelhas Santa Inês (multíparas, não lactantes, 2-4 anos e 36,7±0,87 kg de peso corporal-PC) foram distribuídas em delineamento em blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos (dietas contendo óleo de licuri a 0, 2, 4 e 5% de matéria seca) com 8 repetições por tratamento e confinadas por 77 dias. Resultados: A inclusão de óleo de licuri promoveu efeito quadrático no PC de abate, rendimentos de carcaça e verdadeiros, largura de peito, gordura do coração, pâncreas, gordura omental e área de olho de lombo (p<0,05). Os pesos de carcaça, coração e lombo, rendimento de pernil, espessura de gordura e gordura do lombo foram reduzidos (p<0,05), e as perdas por resfriamento, peso de meia carcaça esquerda, rendimento de lâmina de serra e proporção de carne no lombo aumentaram (p<0,05) com um aumento nos níveis de óleo de licuri. A dieta controle resultou na melhor receita bruta (USD$609,39); no entanto, houve uma perda (USD$50,96) em relação aos indicadores de desempenho econômico. Conclusão: O uso de até 2% de óleo de licuri na dieta proporcionou aumento nos rendimentos de carcaça de ovelhas de descarte.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to quantify the land use from the primary activities in terms of consumption in Mexico. To do this, we assign data on the land use for agriculture, livestock, productive forestry, and aquaculture to the primary economic activities represented in the 2018 input-output table. Also, the input-output model of land use is complemented with statistical information from the import matrix and the social accounting matrix of 2018. The results indicate that the land foot-print amounts to 61 745 416 hectares and 0.49 hectares per capita. This means that 73% of the land footprint is represented by land areas within our country and 27% by areas in other countries. The land demand derived from the consumption of the population in Mexico is greater than the land areas used in the production of primary activities. This study has two limitations: one referred to the assumptions of the input-output model and another, to the concept of land use. The originality and value of the article consist in analyzing the demand for land for food production in Mexico, which represents the greatest threat to the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and the ecological services that emanate from it.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es cuantificar el uso de suelo del sector primario en términos del consumo en México. Para ello, se asignan datos sobre áreas del uso de suelo para la producción agrícola, pecuaria, forestal y acuícola a las actividades económicas primarias representadas en la matriz de insumo-producto de 2018 del país. Además, el modelo de insumo-producto del uso de suelo se complementó con la información estadística proveniente de la Matriz de Importaciones y la Matriz de Contabilidad Social de 2018. Los resultados indican que la huella de suelo de la actividad del sector primario asciende a 61 745 416 hectáreas y 0.49 hectáreas per cápita. Esto implica que 73% de esta huella de suelo está representada por áreas dentro del país y 27% por áreas en otros países. La demanda derivada de suelo correspondiente al consumo de la población en México es mayor a las áreas de suelo empleadas en la producción doméstica de las actividades primarias. Este estudio tiene dos limitaciones: una referida a los supuestos del modelo de insumo-producto y otra, al concepto sobre el uso de suelo. La originalidad y el valor del artículo consisten en analizar la demanda de suelo para la producción de alimentos en México, la cual representa la mayor amenaza para la conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres y los servicios ecológicos que de ella emanan.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate different pastures types on carbon footprint (CF). The cattle in the Piedmont zone, Cumaral, Meta, Colombia are principally Brahman, the pastures are formed with the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria decumbens for improved pastures (IP) and degraded pastures of B. brizantha (DP), also, various silvopastoral systems (SPSs) depending of planting trees on pasture at the same time and in the same space were evaluated. GHG emissions per kg of live weight (LW) were estimated to be reduced from 9.14, and 7.17 to 4.4 kgCO2eq.kgLW-1 in SPSs, and IP to DP, respectively. In all systems the largest GHG emission were enteric fermentation CH4, manure management N2O, feed animal management CO2. Soil C sequestration rates ranged from 2.46 to -1.72 tCO2.ha-1.yr-1 in DP to SPSs, respectively, IP account for -1.35tCO2eq.ha-1yr-1. CF were neutralized from 8.12 to -11.6 kg CO2eq.kg LW-1 in DP to IP. The beef production system with the lowest CF studied were that based on SPSs, mainly B. decumbens associated with Acacia mangium, accounting -60 kg CO2eq.kgLW-1. In our study, all other SPSs had a very large impact on negative CF, due to differences in C stored in biomass that would account for GHG neutralization of -15.3, -21.8, -24.31, -20.42 kg CO2eq.kgLW-1 in SPSs of B. decumbens + Gliricidia sepium, B. decumbens + Mangifera indica, B. decumbens + G. angustifolia and B. decumbens + citrus cinensis, respectively. It is possible to neutralize CF in beef cattle production through several SPSs in Piedmont’s case study. CF. . (CF) zone Cumaral Meta Brahman (IP B , (DP) also (SPSs evaluated LW (LW 914 9 14 9.14 717 7 17 7.1 44 4 4. kgCO2eq.kgLW1 kgCO2eqkgLW1 kgCOeqkgLW kgCO2eq.kgLW 1 kgCO2eq kgLW kgCO eq kgCO2eq.kgLW- respectively CH4 CH N2O NO N O CO2 CO 246 2 46 2.4 1.72 172 72 -1.7 tCO2.ha1.yr1 tCO2ha1yr1 tCOhayr tCO2.ha 1.yr tCO2 ha yr tCO tCO2.ha-1.yr- 1.35tCO2eq.ha1yr1. 135tCO2eqha1yr1 tCOeqhayr 1.35tCO2eq.ha 1yr 1. 35tCO2eq -1.35tCO2eq.ha-1yr-1 812 8 12 8.1 11.6 116 11 6 -11. CO2eqkg COeqkg CO2eq LW1 LW- mangium 60 -6 CO2eq.kgLW1. CO2eqkgLW1 COeqkgLW CO2eq.kgLW study 15.3, 153 15 3 -15.3 21.8, 218 21 -21.8 24.31, 2431 24 31 -24.31 20.42 2042 20 42 -20.4 CO2eq.kgLW1 CO2eq.kgLW- sepium indica G cinensis Piedmonts s (CF (DP 91 9.1 71 7. kgLW1 eqkgLW kgCO2eqkgLW kgCOeq 2. 1.7 -1. ha1 yr1 tCO2.ha1.yr tCO2ha1yr tCO2ha tCOha tCO2.ha-1.yr ha1yr1 1.35tCO2eq.ha1yr1 eqha 135tCO2eqha1yr 135tCO2eqha tCOeqha tCOeq -1.35tCO2eq.ha-1yr- 81 8. 11. -11 eqkg COeq - CO2eqkgLW 15.3 -15. 21.8 -21. 24.31 243 -24.3 20.4 204 -20. 9. -1 hayr ha1yr 1.35tCO2eq.ha1yr -1.35tCO2eq.ha-1yr 15. -15 21. -21 24.3 -24. 20. -20 -2 24. -24

RESUMO: O foco deste estudo é investigar o impacto do agroecossistema na pegada ecológica no Paquistão, usando os dados de séries temporais no período de 1990 a 2019. Os métodos econométricos de séries temporais foram empregados para investigar a associação de longo prazo entre um agroecossistema e a pegada ecológica. Após a realização dos testes de estacionaridade, a abordagem de Johansen foi empregada. Os resultados do método de Johansen implicam que existe cointegração de longo prazo entre as variáveis exógenas e endógenas. Além disso, o modelo ARDL foi realizado e os resultados de longo prazo foram validados pela abordagem de teste vinculado. A elasticidade da forma de curto prazo do modelo ARDL revela que terras agrícolas, emprego, consumo de energia, uso de fertilizantes e biomassa queimada na agricultura têm uma relação positiva com o agroecossistema. Em contraste, na forma log-run das terras agrícolas ARDL, o emprego, o consumo de energia, o uso de fertilizantes na agricultura e a temperatura têm um impacto positivo na pegada ecológica. Os resultados da função impulso resposta revelam que o emprego e o uso de fertilizantes na agricultura são positivos enquanto o consumo de energia e a pecuária em número têm uma influência negativa na pegada ecológica. Assim, práticas rigorosas de agricultura para maior produção colocam uma pressão extra sobre o agroecossistema. Como resultado, a estabilidade do agroecossistema se deteriora e reduz. Para minimizar o ecossistema ecológico, é necessária tecnologia moderna para reduzir a emissão de carbono, aumentar a produção mais verde e melhorar a biocapacidade da terra no país. Este estudo ajudaria o pesquisador, planejador, formulador de políticas e acadêmicos a ter uma orientação e visão adequadas para fornecer alimentos e meio ambiente sustentáveis.

ABSTRACT: The focus of this research study investigated the impact of agroecosystem on the ecological footprint in Pakistan, using the time series data over the period from 1990 to 2019. The econometric methods of time series were employed to investigate the long-term association between an agroecosystem and ecological footprint. After performing the stationarity tests Johansen approach was employed. Results of the Johansen method imply that long-term co-integration exists between the exogenous and endogenous variables. Moreover, the ARDL model was performed and long-run results were validated by the bound testing approach. The elasticity of the short-run form of the ARDL model reveals that agricultural land, employment, energy consumption, fertilizer use, and biomass burned dry matter in agriculture have a positive relationship with the agroecosystem. In contrast in the log-run form of ARDL agricultural land, employment, energy consumption, fertilizer use in agriculture and temperature have a positive impact on ecological footprint. Results of the impulse response function revealed that employment and fertilizer use in agriculture have positive while energy consumption and livestock in number have a negative influence on the ecological footprint. Thus, rigorous practices of agriculture for higher production put extra pressure on the agroecosystem. As a result, the stability of the agroecosystem deteriorates and reduces. To minimize the ecological ecosystem, modern technology is required to reduce carbon emission, enhance greener production and improve the biocapacity of the land in the country. This study would help the researcher, planner, policymaker and academicians to provide a proper guideline and vision to provide sustainable food and environment.

Resumen La actividad humana ha disminuido alrededor del 20 % de la diversidad biológica del planeta, así como del 25 % de la abundancia de los vertebrados. Esto ha llevado a mamíferos herbívoros grandes y medianos a extinguirse localmente, desatando una cascada de cambios en los ecosistemas. El tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca) sufre una importante presión antropogénica debido a la cacería y pérdida de hábitat, por lo que es importante estimar sus efectos sobre su distribución para su conservación y manejo. Modelamos la distribución del tepezcuintle mediante el uso de datos primarios de biodiversidad de acceso libre, variables bioclimáticas, cobertura arbórea y un índice de huella humana que refleja la presión antropogénica sobre los ecosistemas. De 105 modelos candidatos, únicamente uno cumplió con los criterios de selección. Las variables con la mayor contribución fueron la huella humana y la precipitación anual. A partir de las curvas de respuesta del modelo, se observó en la especie una tolerancia a la antropización de baja a media. Estos resultados podrían deberse a que en ambientes antropizados los depredadores del tepezcuintle han disminuido sus tamaños poblacionales. Entender los costos y beneficios de la perturbación antropogénica es esencial para la conservación del tepezcuintle.

Abstract Human activity has caused the decrease of about 20 % of the planet's vertebrate diversity and 25 % in their abundance. Many large and medium-sized herbivore mammals have gone extinct locally, unleashing a cascade of ecosystem changes. The spotted paca (Cuniculus paca) is impacted by hunting and anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and loss. To protect spotted pacas, it is essential to estimate anthropogenic effects on their geographic distribution. Through the use of primary biodiversity data, bioclimatic data, land-cover data, and a human footprint index, we modeled the distribution of C. paca. From 105 candidate models, only one model met our selection criteria. The variables with the highest contribution were the human footprint and annual precipitation. According to the model's performance curves, the spotted paca has low to medium tolerance of anthropogenic pressure. Cuniculus paca tolerates low to medium anthropogenic disturbance, which we hypothesize is related to reduced predator pressure in habitats modified by humans. Accounting for the costs and benefits of anthropogenic disturbance is essential to paca conservation.

The ecological footprint is a measure that calculates the demand for resources from the environment based on daily people's needs and desires. The study, on which this article is based, used the GFN online calculator to measure the ecological footprint of individual members of the Army Support Base, Eastern Cape. The ecological footprint online survey was used to obtain the quantitative data from the online results of each participant. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 14.0 program to calculate the ecological footprints of the individual members of the Army Support Base, Eastern Cape and their combined ecological footprints. Officers recorded the highest ecological footprints in most categories, while NCOs, Private Services Act personnel, and privates in general recorded the lowest scores. Males scored higher than females in almost all categories, suggesting that they have a higher ecological footprint than females, and therefore a larger impact on the environment. The results of this study are significant as it is the first ecological footprint calculation performed for a military base in South Africa and one of only a few global studies similarly targeting the military. These results can be used as a basis for further studies in units of the South African National Defence Force, ultimately leading to more sustainable resource use.

ABSTRACT Fishing is an important economic activity in the world that produces food and generates employment. Although cooperatives have been strengthened as a successful business model, in Mexico they face diverse problems. The use of sustainability indicators is useful to identify areas of opportunity. One of these is the ecological footprint from which the corporate ecological footprint was derived, which measures the environmental impact in surface units. The objective of this work is to identify areas of opportunity for environmental improvement of a fishing cooperative through the evaluation and analysis of the footprint, to generate strategies. The calculation was made through the Composite Method in Financial Accounts. A gross ecological footprint of 299.24 gha was found, as well as 688.96 t of CO2. Opportunity areas are the consumption reduction in the categories of materials, land use of forest resources, and the forest ecosystem, the latter two with greater impact on the footprint. It is recommended that annual monitoring of the footprint be implemented in the future to evaluate its reduction over time.

RESUMEN La importancia económica y social de la pesca a nivel mundial está basada en la producción de alimento y en la generación de empleo. A pesar de que las cooperativas se han fortalecido como modelo de negocio exitoso, en México las cooperativas pesqueras enfrentan problemas diversos. El uso de indicadores de sustentabilidad es útil para identificar áreas de oportunidad. Uno de estos es la huella ecológica de donde derivó el de huella ecológica corporativa que mide el impacto ambiental global en unidades de superficie. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las áreas de oportunidad en la mejora ambiental de una cooperativa pesquera y generar estrategias, mediante la evaluación y análisis de la huella. El cálculo se hizo a través del Método Compuesto en Cuentas Contables. Se encontró una huella ecológica bruta de 299.24 gha, así como 688.96 t de CO2. Las áreas de oportunidad son la reducción de consumos en las categorías de materiales, suelo de recursos forestales y ecosistema bosque, éstos dos últimos con el mayor influjo en la huella. Se recomienda la implementación del monitoreo de la huella con el fin de estimar las reducciones anuales.

Abstract: The present research study examines the environmental impact of an artisanal mine dedicated to the exploitation of clay in Manaure (La Guajira, Colombia). In Colombia's La Guajira region, there is no procedure to assess the sustainability of the clay mining industry. An indicator system is implemented to measure the degree of environmental sustainability in this mining sector. The methodology applied included a survey, interviews, and checklists. The clay mine is assessed with three indicators: 1) ecological footprint, 2) carbon footprint, and 3) water footprint. The results provide annual estimate values for the ecological (1.0812 kgCO2/person), carbon (282946 KgCO2), and water (3.4 L water/brick) footprints. It is concluded that the clay mine assessed has negative effects on both the environment and natural resources.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se investiga el estado ambiental de una mina artesanal dedicada a la explotación de arcilla en Manaure (La Guajira, Colombia). En la Guajira colombiana no existe un procedimiento que permita evaluar la sostenibilidad de la industria minera de arcilla. Se utiliza un sistema de indicadores para medir el grado de sostenibilidad ambiental en este sector minero. Mediante el empleo de los métodos como la encuesta, entrevista y listas de chequeo, se lleva a cabo el diagnóstico de la mina de arcilla en Manaure con tres tipos de indicadores: 1) huella ecológica, 2) huella de carbono y 3) huella hídrica. Como resultado se estiman los valores anuales de la huella ecológica (1.0812 kgCO2/Persona), de carbono (282946 KgCO2), e hídrica (3.4 L Agua/ladrillo). Se concluye que la mina artesanal examinada tiene efectos negativos sobre el ambiente y los recursos naturales.

Resumen Nuestro objetivo es integrar en una especificación general tres restricciones al crecimiento económico que actualmente enfrenta la economía mexicana, entre otras. Para lograrlo aplicamos el principio de “adecuación estadística”, la metodología “de lo general a lo particular”, y los criterios de “selección de modelos”. Nuestra principal aportación radica en que adicionamos, a los determinantes sugeridos por las teorías neoclásica y postkeynesiana de tercera generación, la restricción ligada a la huella ecológica. Al mismo tiempo nuestra principal limitación es que solo incorporamos dos hipótesis convencionales, la del Nobel Solow y la propuesta por Thirlwall. Una conclusión clave es que, a diferencia de las restricciones por el lado de la oferta y la demanda, la restricción ligada a la huella ecológica es “no vinculante”, esto es, no cuenta con mecanismos de corrección −ni automáticos de mercado ni explicitados en las políticas públicas− en vistas a detener el sobregiro ecológico.

Abstract Our objective is to integrate in a general specification, using a single-equation and a multi-equation models, three constraints to economic growth currently facing the Mexican economy, among others. To achieve this, we strictly apply the principle of “statistical adequacy”, the “general to particular” methodology, and the “model selection” criteria. Our main contribution lies in the fact that we add, to the determinants suggested by neoclassical and by third-generation post-Keynesians, the restriction linked to the ecological footprint. At the same time, our main limitation is that we only incorporate two conventional hypotheses, that of Nobel Solow and that proposed by Thirlwall. A key conclusion is that, unlike restrictions on the supply and demand side, the restriction linked to the ecological footprint is “non-binding”, that is, it does not have correction mechanisms −neither automatic nor explicit in public policies− in order to stop the ecological overshoot.

Resumen En este artículo propongo que las visiones de intelectuales latinoamericanos del siglo XX acerca de la injusticia ambiental y su comprensión sobre la relación entre esta y los procesos coloniales y neocoloniales pueden ser aplicadas como aparato de lectura para expandir -y subvertir- las interpretaciones simbólicas de distopías juveniles como The Hunger Games y The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes, de Suzanne Collins. Sostengo que leerlas como una alegoría expone los puntos ciegos del Norte Global respecto a su intervención y responsabilidad en la creciente deuda ecológica y su escandalosa huella del extractivismo en el Sur Global. Complemento esta lectura alegórica con una comparación desde la esperanza crítica de Paulo Freire, para resignificar la novela y entenderla no como una distopía postapocalíptica en un futuro incierto y ficticio, sino como una narración figurada desde el pensamiento utópico; es decir, leída en clave desde un presente que podemos transformar.

Abstract In this article, I propose to understand the insights of 20th century Latin American intellectuals on environmental injustice and its connection to colonialism and neocolonialism as a reading apparatus to expand -and even subvert- the symbolic meaning of popular dystopian narratives such as The Hunger Games (2008) and its prequel The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes (2020) by Suzanne Collins. I assert that reading these narratives as an allegory of the exchanges between the Global South and the Global North exposes blind spots of the latter regarding its performance and responsibility in the ever-growing ecological debts and the footprint of extractivism in the South. I complement this allegoric reading by comparing both novels from Paulo Freire's critical hope perspective, which re-signifies the novel by understanding it as a narrative sketched out by utopian thought, not as a postapocalyptic dystopia; that is, read from a present that we can transform.

Abstract Climate change (CC) and human footprint (HF) shape species spatial patterns and may affect the effectiveness of Protected Areas (PAs) network. Spatial patterns of threatened bird species of Subtropical–temperate hotspots in Southeastern South American grasslands are relevant biodiversity features to guide conservation policies. However, the PAs network covers less than 1% of grassland areas and does not overlap areas with the most suitable environmental conditions for threatened birds. Our aim was to find the most environmentally suitable areas for both current and future threatened birds (2050 and 2070) in Entre Ríos. We applied Systematic Conservation Planning protocols with Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and ZONATION using distribution interaction function and HF as a cost. Then we overlapped binary maps to find priority areas among time periods. HF showed a more fragmented spatial configuration. The PAs network may include environmentally suitable conditions for threatened birds in CC scenarios and HF. We found areas that showed more connectivity in landscape prioritization over time and ensure high-quality environmental conditions for birds. We concluded that the effectiveness of the PAs network could be improved by overlapping priority areas. Our approach provides a knowledge base as a contribution to conservation-related decisions by considering HF and CC.

Abstract The notion of Digital Carbon Footprint refers to the amount of Carbon Dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of an individual’s activity, organization or community derived from the use of Information and Communication Technologies. The main objective of this research is to contribute elements to the debate on the high environmental impact of the global digital activity, emphasizing the current context characterized by an increasingly intensive use of interconnected electronic devices as well as digital resources that cloud storage requires. We conclude that the increase in the Digital Carbon Footprint has a high socio-environmental impact, a fact that takes us away from the carbon neutrality indicated by the 2030 Agenda and will only be mitigated as long as it intertwined with new energy management model (renewable energy) that optimize both the infrastructure (date centers) such as the very use of the Internet, as well as the cloud information storage.

Resumen La noción de huella de carbono digital se refiere a la cantidad de dióxido de carbono liberada a la atmósfera como resultado de la actividad de un individuo, organización o comunidad, derivado del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. El objetivo central de este trabajo es aportar elementos al debate sobre el alto impacto ambiental de la actividad digital global, y poner el foco de atención en el contexto actual caracterizado por un uso cada vez más intensivo tanto de los dispositivos electrónicos interconectados como de los recursos digitales que requiere el almacenamiento de la información en la nube virtual. Concluimos que el incremento de la huella de carbono digital tiene un alto impacto socioambiental, ya que nos aleja de la carbononeutralidad señalada por la Agenda 2030 y solo será mitigado en tanto se entrelace con nuevos modelos de gestión energética (energías renovables) que optimicen tanto la infraestructura (data centers), el uso mismo del internet, como el almacenamiento de la información en la nube.

RESUMEN El problema de la disponibilidad de agua y su importante papel en el sector agrícola, específicamente en la presión que existe actualmente por el recurso hídrico, pero además en países como Colombia donde el cultivo del café tiene una importancia histórica, cultural y económica, lo que hace necesario un estudio de la huella hídrica de este cultivo en el país. Aquí se presentan los resultados de la huella hídrica de la producción de café (cultivo y beneficio) en Colombia, por el método de beneficio tradicional y ecológico. Para su cálculo se siguió la metodología propuesta por Water Footprint Network. La huella hídrica verde promedio del cultivo de café en Colombia es de 8.746 m3 t-1, no tiene huella hídrica azul porque no requiere riego y la huella hídrica gris es del orden de 7.000 m3 t-1. El beneficio tradicional de café no tiene huella hídrica verde, la huella hídrica azul es de 4.00 m3 t-1 y tiene una huella hídrica gris de 3.200 m3 t-1. El beneficio ecológico Becolsub® tiene una huella hídrica de azul de 0,60 m3 t-1 y una huella hídrica gris de 1.739 m3 t-1; mientras la tecnología Ecomill® sin vertimientos de aguas residuales tiene una huella hídrica azul de 0,55 m3 t-1 y no tiene huella hídrica gris porque no presenta vertimientos. Esto implica que el método de procesamiento ecológico Becolsub® disminuye la huella hídrica en un 45,7% y en un 99,9% con el proceso ecológico Ecomill® (sin descarga de aguas residuales) en comparación con la tecnología tradicional de procesamiento húmedo. A nivel mundial, Vietnam cuenta con la menor huella hídrica, seguido por Colombia, Etiopia, Brasil, Perú e Indonesia. La huella hídrica del café, depende del clima y el rendimiento del cultivo, por esta razón, la huella hídrica del cultivo de café varia significativamente con el lugar y el periodo de evaluación.

ABSTRACT The problem of water availability and its important role in the agricultural sector, specifically in the cultivation of coffee, which has historical, cultural, and economic importance for Colombia, requires a study of the water footprint in this country. This paper presents the results of a study of the water footprint of coffee production (cultivation and wet processing) in Colombia by the traditional and ecological wet-processing methods. To this purpose, the Water Footprint Network methodology was followed according to the Water Footprint Assessment Manual (2011). The green water footprint of coffee production in Colombia was 8,746 m3 t-1 and does not have a blue water footprint as it does not require irrigation, while the gray water footprint was 7,000 m3 t-1. When the traditional wet-processing method is used, the blue water footprint is 4 m3 t-1 and the gray water footprint is 3,200 m3 t-1, while if the ecological Becolsub® technology is used, the blue water footprint is 0.60 m3 t-1 and the gray water footprint is 1,739 m3 t-1. For the Ecomill® technology, the blue one is 0.55 m3 t-1 and had no gray water footprint because it does not generate any water discharge and the little leachate that it produces is reincorporated into the process. This implies that the Becolsub® ecological processing method reduces the water footprint by 45.7% and 99.9% with the ecological Ecomill® process (no wastewater discharge) compared to traditional wet processing technology. Compared to other countries, Vietnam has the lowest green footprint in coffee cultivation, followed by Colombia, Ethiopia, Brazil, Peru, and Indonesia. The water footprint of coffee depends on the climate and yields, consequently, the water footprint of the coffee crop varies significantly between locations and the evaluation period.