ABSTRACT: This study adopted a more macroscopic perspective to focus on the issue of rural poverty in China. By selecting indicators reflecting various levels of poverty recurrence, considering risk factors across multiple dimensions, and employing advanced methods, we constructed a novel China Rural Poverty Recurrence Risk Index. We utilized a Markov switching model to delve into the mechanisms of poverty recurrence. Building upon this foundation, we developed an advanced poverty recurrence risk early warning system using a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model. The system is optimized through mechanism-based predictions to better capture the dynamic changes in poverty recurrence. Empirical results demonstrated that the integrated dynamic monitoring and early warning system have significantly effective outcomes in addressing the recurrence of rural poverty. ABSTRACT dimensions methods Index foundation networklong network long shortterm short term CNNLSTM CNN LSTM (CNN-LSTM mechanismbased mechanism based

RESUMO: Este estudo adota uma perspectiva mais macroscópica para focar na questão da pobreza rural na China. Ao selecionar indicadores que refletem vários níveis de recorrência da pobreza, considerando factores de risco em múltiplas dimensões e empregando métodos avançados, construímos um novo indice de risco de recorrência da pobreza rural na China. Utilizamos um modelo de mudança de Markov para aprofundar os mecanismos de recorrência da pobreza. Com base nisso, desenvolvemos um sistema avançado de alerta precoce de risco de recorrência de pobreza usando um modelo de memória de longo e curto prazo de rede neural convolucional (CNN-LSTM). O sistema é optimizado através de previsões baseadas em mecanismos para melhor captar as mudanças dinâmicas na recorrência da pobreza. Os resultados empíricos demonstram que o sistema integrado de monitorização dinâmica e de alerta precoce tem resultados significativamente eficazes na abordagem da recorrência da pobreza rural. RESUMO China avançados nisso CNNLSTM. CNNLSTM CNN LSTM . (CNN-LSTM) (CNN-LSTM

In the water/triethanolamine/ethanol system, TiCl4 aqueous solution is used as the precursor to regulate the conversion rate of TiCl4 by changing the reaction temperature, water volume, pH value, and ethanol amount. The experiment uses a single-factor method to investigate the dynamic relationship between Ti4+ concentration and time under various factors, thereby achieving controllable TiO2 production. The experimental results showed that under a single factor, the conversion rate showed a trend of first steep and then slow growth within 180 min. After 180 min, the conversion rate tended to stabilize. Considering various factors, it was found that VTiCl4:VC6H15NO3:VH2O:VC2H5OH = 1:6:15:30, pH = 7, reaction time at room temperature was 4 h, and the hydrolysis effect was good. The final conversion rate was 90.46%, and the hydrolysis reaction conforms to the first-order reaction equation. Kinetic parameters: pre-factor (A) = 0.107, activation energy (Ea) = 4488.65 J mol-1. watertriethanolamineethanol triethanolamine system TiCl volume value amount singlefactor factor Ti4 Ti factors TiO production 18 min stabilize VTiCl4VC6H15NO3VH2OVC2H5OH VTiClVCHNOVHOVCHOH VTiCl4 VC6H15NO3 VH2O VC2H5OH VTiCl VC H NO VH O OH 161530, 161530 1 6 15 30, 30 1:6:15:30 7 h good 9046 90 46 90.46% firstorder order equation parameters prefactor pre A (A 0107 0 107 0.107 Ea (Ea 448865 4488 65 4488.6 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 OVC VCHNO VC6H15NO VHO VCHOH 16153 3 1:6:15:3 904 9 90.46 010 10 0.10 44886 448 4488. mol- 1615 1:6:15: 90.4 01 0.1 44 161 1:6:15 90. 0. 16 1:6:1 1:6: 1:6 1:

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of how governance capacities in developing countries respond to the challenges that COVID-19 posed. We established a theoretical framework to delve into the multifaceted nature of governance capacities, exploring two distinct aspects of governance: the Weberian one, which focuses on material and organizational capacities, and the Tocquevillian one, which focuses on coordination and associational capacities. We examined these four governance dimensions to illustrate how these distinct skills influence the effectiveness of governance. Our analysis quantifies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic using such metrics as confirmed cases and deaths. We employ standard and dynamic panel data methodologies to mitigate potential omitted variable bias. Our research findings indicate that countries with robust governance capacities, as assessed by the Bertelsmann Stiftung's Transformation Governance Index, are better equipped to respond effectively to pandemic crises. By applying several models and rigorous robustness tests, we demonstrate efficient resource utilization, the ability to guide and prioritize decision-making within the government, and commitment to cooperation and coordination with other nations and international organizations are the primary drivers of improved outcomes. Our findings remain robust even when controlling for relevant variables and employing estimation techniques that account for potential biases arising from unobservable confounding factors. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 posed one deaths bias Stiftungs Stiftung s Index crises tests utilization decisionmaking decision making government outcomes factors COVID1 1 COVID-

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

Computational predictive approaches present themselves as an attractive alternative in the search for new compounds that may present toxic or growth regulatory activity in Aedes aegypti. Aspergillus species is a producer of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. In this study, it was possible to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties in silico, as well as the prediction of the insecticidal biological activities of the juvenile hormone of natural substances produced by the genus Aspergillus. Initially, 187 molecules were cataloged from various species of Aspergillus spp., and only seven molecules of indole alkaloids were found to exhibit a toxic dose 50% (TD50) after conducting toxicity predictions. The molecular dynamic simulation trajectories were utilized to study parameters such as root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration and intermolecular hydrogen bond to understand the behavior and stability of proposed compounds in the binding pocket of the target protein. The N-β-acetyltryptamine molecule showed a binding affinity value of –8.100 ± 0.200 kcal mol-1, which classifies the compound as a potential insecticidal agent against the Aedes aegypti vector. silico Initially 18 spp spp. 50 TD50 TD (TD50 predictions deviation fluctuation protein Nβacetyltryptamine N β acetyltryptamine 8100 8 100 –8.10 0200 0 200 0.20 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 vector 5 TD5 (TD5 810 10 –8.1 020 20 0.2 mol- (TD 81 –8. 02 2 0. –8 –

RESUMO Vários estudos têm vinculado diferentes outcomes organizacionais como antecedentes às capacidades dinâmicas, sendo que se destacam o empreendedorismo, o dinamismo ambiental, os recursos, a gestão do conhecimento, a aprendizagem organizacional e o planejamento estratégico. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar de forma completa, considerando todas as dimensões conceituais, como se relacionam o modelo das alavancas de controle estratégico e as capacidades dinâmicas, considerando o perfil dos empregados da ITAIPU Binacional. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um survey e as hipóteses avaliadas com o auxílio da modelagem de equações estruturais, empregando-se o método de estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais. Os resultados obtidos validaram a hipótese central de que as alavancas de controle influenciam positivamente a presença das capacidades dinâmicas, além de uma das hipóteses complementares de que o sistema interativo influencia positivamente a presença da capacidade de sentir as oportunidades. As alavancas de controle estratégico podem ser tratadas agora pelas organizações como possíveis fontes de capacidades dinâmicas. dinâmicas empreendedorismo ambiental recursos conhecimento completa conceituais Binacional estruturais empregandose empregando parciais oportunidades

ABSTRACT Several studies have thus far linked diverse organizational outcomes as antecedents to dynamic capabilities, with an emphasis on entrepreneurship, environmental dynamism, resources, knowledge management, organizational learning, and strategic planning. This study aims to fully assess how the model of strategic levers of control and dynamic capabilities framework are related, considering all conceptual dimensions and the profile of ITAIPU Binacional employees. The data was collected through a survey, and the hypotheses evaluated with the assistance of structural equation modelling, using the partial least squares estimation method. The findings validated the central hypothesis, that the levers of control do positively influence the presence of the dynamic capabilities, in addition to one other complementary hypothesis- that the interactive system also positively influences the ability to sense opportunities. The strategic levers of control can now be treated by organizations as possible sources of dynamic capabilities. entrepreneurship dynamism resources management learning planning related employees survey modelling method hypothesis opportunities

Resumo A competitividade das empresas do setor de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção do crescimento econômico e da inovação. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um índice abrangente para avaliar a competitividade das empresas, com foco na eficiência operacional, posicionamento estratégico e o ambiente internacional. Empregando uma análise fatorial exploratória, os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado a 280 empresas em Moscou, Rússia. O índice proposto permite uma avaliação dinâmica da competitividade, permitindo a análise de indicadores-chave ao longo do tempo e prevendo mudanças na competitividade. As conclusões revelam fatores críticos que contribuem para a competitividade no sector, permitindo aos decisores formular estratégias para melhorar a sua posição competitiva. Esta pesquisa fornece informações valiosas para formuladores de políticas, profissionais da indústria e pesquisadores acadêmicos no aumento da competitividade das empresas de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia e na promoção do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. As contribuições do estudo para a literatura e sua relevância prática o tornam um recurso valioso para o público acadêmico e do setor. inovação operacional internacional exploratória 28 Moscou Rússia indicadoreschave indicadores chave sector competitiva políticas sustentável 2

Abstract The competitiveness of enterprises in the electromechanical systems engineering sector plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and innovation. This study aims to design a comprehensive index for evaluating enterprise competitiveness, focusing on operational efficiency, strategic positioning, and the international environment. Employing an exploratory factor analysis, data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 280 enterprises in Moscow, Russia. The proposed index allows for a dynamic assessment of competitiveness, enabling the analysis of key indicators over time and predicting changes in competitiveness. The findings reveal critical factors contributing to competitiveness in the sector, enabling decision-makers to formulate strategies for improving their competitive position. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers in enhancing the competitiveness of electromechanical systems engineering enterprises and fostering sustainable economic development. The study's contributions to the literature and its practical relevance make it a valuable resource for academic and industry audiences alike. innovation efficiency positioning environment 28 Moscow Russia decisionmakers decision makers position policymakers practitioners development studys s alike 2

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the complicated correlation between meteorological variables and crop yield is crucial for food security and agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to investigate how incident solar radiation has affected crop production in the Gadarif region of Sudan over the last 41 years. Using a predictive framework, trends in annual incident solar radiation and temporal variations during sorghum and sesame growing seasons were examined and machine learning (ML) with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Boosted Regression Forest (BRF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) was used to predict crop yield. Significant relationships between incident solar radiation indicators and crop yields were identified via detrending approaches and correlation analyses. Results indicate a significant inverse correlation between solar radiation and sorghum yield, and a positive correlation between sesame yield and solar radiation. For both sorghum and sesame yield, K-NN was the most accurate model, demonstrating the significance of incident solar radiation and temperature in predicting crop yield. These findings highlight the potential of ML to improve agricultural forecasting models and inform adaptive agricultural practices in the region. In general, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between incident solar radiation and crop yield, emphasizing the importance of considering meteorological factors in agricultural planning and management. sustainability 4 years framework (ML XGBoost, XGBoost , (XGBoost) BRF, BRF (BRF) KNearest K Nearest KNN NN (K-NN analyses model general management (XGBoost (BRF

RESUMO O conhecimento da complicada correlação entre as variáveis meteorológicas e o rendimento das culturas é crucial para a segurança alimentar e a sustentabilidade agrícola. Este estudo está centrado na investigação de como a radiação solar incidente afetou a produção agrícola na região de Gadarif, no Sudão, nos últimos quarenta anos. Usando uma estrutura preditiva, a pesquisa avalia tendências recentes na radiação solar incidente anual, examina variações temporais durante as estações de cultivo de sorgo e gergelim e utiliza técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para prever o rendimento das culturas. Além disso, ML, incluindo Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Boosted Regression Forest (BRF) e K-Nearest Neighbours (K-NN), foram empregados para previsão de rendimento. Através de abordagens de redução de tendências e análises de correlação, foram identificadas relações significativas entre os indicadores de radiação solar incidente e o rendimento das culturas. Os resultados indicam uma correlação inversa substancial entre a radiação solar e a produção de sorgo, enquanto a produção de gergelim demonstra uma correlação positiva com a radiação solar. Tanto para o rendimento do sorgo como do gergelim, o K-NN surge como o modelo mais preciso, mostrando a importância da radiação solar incidente e da temperatura na previsão do rendimento das culturas. Estas descobertas destacam o potencial da aprendizagem de máquina para melhorar os modelos de previsão agrícola e informar as práticas agrícolas adaptativas na região. Em geral, este estudo fornece informações valiosas sobre a relação dinâmica entre a radiação solar incidente e o rendimento das culturas, enfatizando a importância de considerar fatores meteorológicos no planeamento e gestão agrícola. Gadarif Sudão anos preditiva anual disso ML XGBoost, XGBoost , (XGBoost) BRF (BRF KNearest K Nearest KNN, KNN NN (K-NN) preciso geral (XGBoost (K-NN

Abstract This research examines the relationship between the transmission of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and socio-emotional wealth (SEW), and their implications for family firms' innovation. To achieve this, a single case study was conducted on a Spanish family business through interviews and document review. Data were analyzed using thematic and critical incident analysis. The findings of the case study underscore that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and socio-emotional wealth is intricate and has significant implications for innovation. The dynamic relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and socio-emotional wealth is characterized by a mutually reinforcing symbiosis, which contributes to ensure the long-term survival of the analyzed family business.

Resumen Esta investigación examina la relación entre la transmisión de la orientación emprendedora (OE) y la riqueza socioemocional (SEW), así como sus implicaciones para la innovación dentro de las empresas familiares. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso único sobre una empresa familiar española mediante entrevistas y revisión documental. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando análisis temático y análisis de incidentes críticos. Los hallazgos de este estudio de caso destacan que la relación entre la Orientación Emprendedora y la Riqueza Socioemocional en empresas familiares es compleja y posee importantes implicaciones para la innovación. La interrelación dinámica entre la orientación emprendedora y la riqueza socioemocional se caracteriza por una simbiosis que se refuerza mutuamente, lo que contribuye a garantizar la supervivencia a largo plazo de la empresa familiar analizada.

ABSTRACT The 1991 constitutional reform created spaces for political participation through legal mobilization to make claims for identity-based rights that had previously remained hidden. In recent years, the High Courts in Latin America have begun presenting themselves as human rights defenders and intervening in significant political controversies. The National Gender Commission of the Colombian Judicial Branch seeks to promote the gender agenda in the judiciary by training judges who have been trying to introduce a gender perspective in their rulings. Whether or not this has contributed to eliminating the barrier to women's access to justice has yet to be determined. However, there seems to be an embarrassing gap between our commitments and daily practices regarding access to justice. Although the production of women academics in the law and gender field is extensive, most rulings do not cite it. In order to evaluate the impact of academic production on jurisprudence this research uses the methodological tools of bibliometric and dynamic analysis of rulings, revealing the jurisprudential doctrine with a gender perspective in the jurisprudential decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice between 1992 and 2022.

RESUMEN La reforma constitucional de 1991 creó espacios de participación política por medio de la movilización legal para hacer reclamos de derechos basados en la identidad que antes permanecían ocultos. En los años recientes las altas cortes en Latinoamérica han comenzado a presentarse como defensoras de los derechos humanos y a intervenir en controversias políticas significativas. La Comisión Nacional de Género de la Rama Judicial colombiana busca impulsar la agenda de género en las instancias judiciales por medio de formación a los jueces, quienes han venido realizado un esfuerzo por introducir la perspectiva de género en sus fallos. Si esto ha contribuido o no a eliminar la barrera de acceso de las mujeres a la justicia está aún por determinarse. Sin embargo, pareciera que existe una vergonzosa brecha entre nuestros compromisos y nuestras prácticas cotidianas en torno al acceso a la justicia. Aunque la producción de las académicas en el campo del derecho y género es amplia, los fallos en su mayoría no la citan. Con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la producción académica en la jurisprudencia, la presente investigación utiliza las herramientas metodológicas del análisis bibliométrico y dinámico de sentencias para revelar la doctrina jurisprudencial con perspectiva de género en las decisiones jurisprudenciales de la Corte Suprema de Justicia entre los años 1992 a 2022.

Abstract: Coseriu’s three-dimensional conception of varieties does not take into account all the existing varieties: some do not fit into the established categories and the status of others is diffuse; given the multifactorial nature of the varieties, the diffusion can be attributed to several dimensions. His conception ignores the dynamic character of the social status ot the varieties in the course of evolution. This paper offers a deconstructivist analysis of essential points in Koch and Oesterreicher’s “variational chain”, a theory that postulates a fixed orientation between the varieties of the diasystem. Cristicism is levelled at the mechanical character of its conception and at the rigidity of its orientation. A different vision (inspired by the energeia of Humboldt, including the role of the speaker) is proposed that considers varieties as a device that must be analyzed as a contact between varieties.

Resumen: La concepción tridimensional de variedades de Coseriu no considera todas las variedades de lengua que existen; además, algunas no caben en las categorías establecidas y el estatus de otras es difuso, lo que -por su carácter multifactorial- puede atribuirse a varias dimensiones. Tal concepción ignora el carácter dinámico de su naturaleza social a lo largo de la evolución. Mediante un análisis deconstruccionista, en este trabajo se cuestionan puntos esenciales de la “cadena variacional” (Koch y Oesterreicher) que postula una orientación fija entre las variedades del diasistema; se critica el carácter mecánico de esta concepción y la rigidez de la orientación; por último, se propone otra visión (inspirada en la energeia de Humboldt, incluido el papel del hablante) que considera las variedades un dispositivo que debe analizarse como contacto entre variedades.

Abstract: This paper studies China’s partnership diplomacy and its practice in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). China has constructed an all-round, multi-level, and three-dimensional partnership network in LAC through three stages: strategic exploration, development, and improvement. China has implemented differential governance towards its partners, which enables active shaping and dynamic management of the partnership network. This paper categorizes the 15 partner countries into three types: pivot countries, link countries, and node countries based on their political friendliness with China, geopolitical influence, and potential for economic and trade cooperation. China’s partnerships in LAC are vital support for implementing its diplomatic strategy in the region. However, challenges to this strategy’s development include insufficient mutual support from other diplomatic means, doubts and misinterpretations of the China-Latin America partnership by some Latin American countries, and the political and identity shifts within these countries. To enhance the role of partnerships in maintaining state relations and promoting the implementation of diplomatic strategies, China has introduced new content to its partnership diplomacy in LAC.

Resumen: Este artículo estudia la diplomacia de asociación de China y su práctica en América Latina y el caribe (LAC, siglas en inglés). Después de tres etapas de exploración estratégica, desarrollo y mejora, China ha construido una red integral, multi-nivel y tridimensional de asociaciones en LAC. De acuerdo con el grado de amistad política, la influencia geopolítica y el potencial de cooperación económica y comercial de los 15 países asociados con china, este artículo los divide en tres categorías: países de pivote, países de vínculo y países nodales. Las asociaciones de China en LAC son apoyos importantes para que China implemente estrategias diplomáticas en la región. Sin embargo, su desarrollo también enfrenta desafíos, incluido el apoyo insuficiente con otros medios diplomáticos; dudas e interpretaciones erróneas de las relaciones asociativas; y la transformación de identidad nacional de algunos países asociados. Con el fin de fortalecer el papel de las asociaciones en el mantenimiento de las relaciones nacionales y promover la implementación de las estrategias diplomáticas, China ha agregado nuevos contenidos a la diplomacia de asociación en LAC.

RESUMEN ¿Por qué no se soluciona la crisis carcelaria en Ecuador? Esta pregunta lleva a explorar la problemática penitenciaria desde sus orígenes hasta llegar al contexto ecuatoriano actual. El objetivo es reflexionar y demostrar que las prisiones y la privación de libertad han mantenido la misma dinámica desde sus orígenes, causando sufrimiento y dolor a los reclusos, en contraposición a la finalidad resocializadora de la pena; el contexto actual demuestra que la gestión penitenciaria no ha evolucionado, pese al desarrollo científico y normativo de esta rama. El enfoque cualitativo y socio-jurídico son la base de la investigación porque a través del diseño narrativo se describe de forma secuencial la historia del sistema penitenciario, el avance normativo y se compara con la realidad social; es decir, se hace un acercamiento del derecho a la sociedad a través de la revisión documental de fuentes secundarias. En definitiva, se concluye que no existe la voluntad política del Estado para abordar el problema de forma técnica y con el personal especializado, tal como sugiere la doctrina; al contrario, la crisis carcelaria en Ecuador tiene un tinte anacrónico, deshumanizante y alejado de la finalidad de la pena; es decir, no hay rehabilitación ni resocialización.

ABSTRACT Why is the prison crisis in Ecuador not solved? is the question that leads us to explore the penitentiary problem from its origins to the current Ecuadorian context. The objective is to reflect and demonstrate that prisons and deprivation of liberty have maintained the same dynamic since their origins, causing suffering and pain to inmates, in contrast to the resocializing purpose of punishment; The current context shows that prison management has not evolved, despite the scientific and regulatory development of this branch. The qualitative and socio-legal approach is the basis of the research because through the narrative design the history of the penitentiary system, the regulatory advance, and are compared with social reality are sequentially described; That is, an approach to the right to society is made through the documentary review of secondary sources. In short, it is concluded that there is no political will of the State to address the problem technically and with specialized personnel as suggested by the doctrine; on the contrary, the prison crisis in Ecuador has an anachronistic, dehumanizing tone and is far from the purpose of the sorrow; That is, there is no rehabilitation or resocialization.

RESUMO Desde 1965, os Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil têm aplicado exames de proficiência com o objetivo de verificar a capacidade de leitura, interpretação e compreensão de textos em línguas estrangeiras. Nesses exames, a única fonte de pesquisa permitida é o dicionário impresso. Guiado pela teoria dos Sistemas Dinâmicos Complexos, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a relevância desse modelo de exame, no contexto das práticas sociais mediadas por tecnologias digitais que, devido à pandemia da COVID-19, tiveram que se adaptar. A análise foi baseada em 93 editais publicados pelos Programas antes da pandemia (2017-2019) e durante a pandemia (2020-2021). Os resultados mostram que apenas o CEFET-MG, durante a pandemia, propôs um exame em que todas as fontes (analógicas e digitais) foram permitidas aos candidatos. 1965 PósGraduação Pós Graduação leitura estrangeiras impresso Complexos COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 adaptar 9 20172019 2017 2019 (2017-2019 20202021. 20202021 2020 2021 . (2020-2021) CEFETMG, CEFETMG CEFET MG, MG CEFET-MG analógicas candidatos 196 COVID1 1 COVID-1 2017201 201 (2017-201 2020202 202 (2020-2021 COVID- 201720 20 (2017-20 202020 (2020-202 20172 2 (2017-2 20202 (2020-20 (2017- (2020-2 (2017 (2020- (201 (2020 (20 (202 (2 (

ABSTRACT Since 1965, graduate Programs in Brazil, with the objective to verify the capacity to read, interpret and understand texts in foreign languages, have applied proficiency exams, in which the only research source allowed is the printed dictionary. Guided by the theory of Complex Dynamic Systems, this article proposes a reflection on the relevance of this examination model, in the context of social practices mediated by digital technologies that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, had to adapt. The analysis was based on 93 public notices published by the Programs before the pandemic (2017-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021). The results show that only CEFET-MG, during the Covid-19 pandemic, proposed an exam in which all sources (analogic and digital) were allowed to candidates. 1965 Brazil read languages exams dictionary Systems model COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 adapt 9 20172019 2017 2019 (2017-2019 20202021. 20202021 2020 2021 . (2020-2021) CEFETMG, CEFETMG CEFET MG, MG CEFET-MG Covid19 Covid Covid-1 analogic candidates 196 COVID1 1 COVID- 2017201 201 (2017-201 2020202 202 (2020-2021 Covid1 Covid- 201720 20 (2017-20 202020 (2020-202 20172 2 (2017-2 20202 (2020-20 (2017- (2020-2 (2017 (2020- (201 (2020 (20 (202 (2 (

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology, based on frequency response models, to estimate the minimum or maximum value -nadir- that the frequency reaches when a generation - load unbalance occurs in the power system. To this end, the 1st order reduced equivalent model of the generator’s power-frequency control system is determined using the "Parameter Estimator" of Matlab/Simulink. Then, a set of equations coming from the reduced equivalent model is established to estimate the value of the maximum transient frequency deviation and its occurrence time. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the IEEE New England test system has been chosen. Once this is done, the proposed methodology is applied to the Ecuadorian Interconnected Power System. The results of time domain simulations using the PowerFactory software are presented and compared with the results calculated using the developed reduced and analytical models. It is concluded that the proposed methodology estimates with high accuracy the maximum transient frequency deviation and its time of occurrence.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se presenta una metodología, basada en modelos de repuesta de la frecuencia, para estimar el valor mínimo o máximo -nadir- que alcanza la frecuencia cuando en el sistema eléctrico de potencia se presenta un desbalance generación - carga. Con este fin, se determina el modelo reducido de 1er orden del sistema de control potencia - frecuencia del generador usando el “Estimador de Parámetros” de Matlab/Simulink. Luego, se establecen ecuaciones que provienen del modelo equivalente reducido para estimar el valor de la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia. Para ilustrar la aplicación de la metodología presentada se ha elegido el sistema de prueba IEEE New England de 39 barras y 10 generadores. Hecho esto, la metodología propuesta se aplica al Sistema Nacional Interconectado ecuatoriano. Se presentan resultados de simulaciones en el dominio del tiempo usando el programa PowerFactory, mismos que son comparados con los resultados calculados mediante el modelo equivalente reducido y el modelo analítico. Se concluye que la metodología propuesta estima con alta precisión la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia.