Abstract To evaluate the effect of acidic challenge on erosion depth and topographic characteristics of different materials used as occlusal sealants. Two hundred specimens of five sealant materials (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Fuji II, Equia and Clinpro) and forty bovine teeth enamel samples (control) were prepared and exposed to acidic challenge. The specimens were immersed in four different solutions (orange juice, coke drink, citric acid or distilled water) under mildly shaken conditions for 3 days. The erosion depth profiles were measured using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the interactions. Sealant material and acidic challenge had significant effects on erosion depth. Among the materials, Fuji II presented the highest mean of erosion depth after immersion in orange juice, coke drink, and citric acid. All materials groups presented higher erosion depth values after immersion in the citric acid solution, except Clinpro. Bovine enamel presented higher erosion depth values compared to all materials when submitted to erosive challenge. Sealant materials submitted to the acidic challenge presented different degrees of erosion and topographic modification; however, they are less susceptible to erosion than bovine teeth enamel. sealants IX Molar Clinpro control (control juice drink water days SEM. SEM . (SEM) Twoway way posthoc post hoc interactions solution modification however (SEM

Energy drinks are nonalcoholic beverages whose main ingredients are sugar, taurine, and caffeine. The consumption of energy drinks is increasing worldwide, but only a few conflicting studies have investigated the vascular effects of energy drinks in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate microvascular reactivity before and after energy drinks consumption in young healthy male volunteers. This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Microvascular reactivity signals were evaluated in the skin of the forearm using laser speckle contrast imaging with acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis before and 90 and 180 min after the randomized consumption of one ED or the same volume of water (control), followed by a postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test. Thirty-two volunteers were evaluated (age: 25.4±4.3 years). Energy drink consumption prevented the rest-induced reduction in cutaneous vascular conductance over time that was observed in the control group. In the control group, there were significant reductions in microvascular vasodilation at 90 and 180 min compared to baseline (P=0.004), but this was not the case in the energy drink group (P=0.76). Our results demonstrated that the reduction in microvascular conductance associated with prolonged immobility can be prevented by the consumption of one energy drink, highlighting the vasodilator effects of this beverage in young individuals at rest. The between-study variability in terms of the brand of energy drinks and the ingested volume, as well as the method of vascular evaluation and the inclusion criteria, may explain the discrepancies among previous studies on the vascular effects of energy drinks. sugar taurine caffeine worldwide adults crosssectional cross sectional ACh (ACh 9 18 control, , (control) PORH (PORH test Thirtytwo Thirty two age (age 25443 25 4 3 25.4±4. years. years . years) restinduced rest induced P=0.004, P0004 P P=0.004 0 004 (P=0.004) P=0.76. P076 P=0.76 76 (P=0.76) betweenstudy between criteria 1 (control 2544 2 25.4±4 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.004 P07 P=0.7 7 (P=0.76 254 25.4± P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 P0 P=0. (P=0.7 25.4 (P=0.0 P=0 (P=0. 25. P= (P=0 (P= (P

Objetivo: verificar a validade clínica da proposição de um novo diagnóstico de enfermagem denominado sede perioperatória, com base na acurácia diagnóstica de seus indicadores clínicos, incluindo a magnitude de efeito de seus fatores etiológicos. Método: estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica com 150 pacientes cirúrgicos em um hospital universitário. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados à sede. Empregou-se a técnica de análise de classe latente. Resultados: dois modelos de classes latentes foram propostos para as características definidoras. O modelo ajustado no pré-operatório incluiu: lábios ressecados, saliva grossa, língua grossa, vontade de beber água, relato do cuidador, garganta seca e constante deglutição de saliva. No pós-operatório: garganta seca, saliva grossa, língua grossa, constante deglutição de saliva, vontade de beber água, gosto ruim na boca. Os fatores relacionados Temperatura do ambiente elevada e Boca seca estão associados à presença de sede, assim como as condições associadas Utilização de anticolinérgicos e Intubação. A prevalência de sede foi de 62,6% no pré-operatório e 50,2% no pós-operatório imediato. Conclusão: a proposição diagnóstica de sede perioperatória apresentou bons parâmetros de acurácia de seus indicadores clínicos e efeitos etiológicos. Essa proposição em uma taxonomia de enfermagem permitirá maior visibilidade, valorização e tratamento desse sintoma. Objetivo etiológicos Método 15 universitário Empregouse Empregou se latente Resultados definidoras préoperatório pré operatório incluiu ressecados grossa água cuidador pósoperatório pós boca Intubação 626 62 6 62,6 502 50 2 50,2 imediato Conclusão visibilidade sintoma 1 62, 5 50,

Objective: to verify the clinical validity of the proposition of a new nursing diagnosis called perioperative thirst, based on the diagnostic accuracy of its clinical indicators, including the magnitude of effect of its etiological factors. Method: clinical diagnostic validation study with a total of 150 surgical patients at a university hospital. Sociodemographic variables and clinical indicators related to thirst were collected. The latent class analysis technique was used. Results: two models of latent classes were proposed for the defining characteristics. The model adjusted preoperatively included: dry lips, thick saliva, thick tongue, desire to drink water, caregiver report, dry throat and constant swallowing of saliva. In the postoperative period: dry throat, thick saliva, thick tongue, constant swallowing of saliva, desire to drink water, bad taste in the mouth. The factors related to “high ambient temperature” and “dry mouth” are associated with the presence of thirst, as well as the associated conditions “use of anticholinergics” and “intubation”. The prevalence of thirst was 62.6% in the pre and 50.2% in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: the diagnostic proposition of perioperative thirst showed good accuracy parameters for its clinical indicators and etiological effects. This proposition in a nursing taxonomy will allow greater visibility, appreciation and treatment of this symptom. Objective Method 15 hospital collected used Results characteristics included lips saliva tongue water report period mouth high temperature use anticholinergics intubation. intubation . “intubation” 626 62 6 62.6 502 50 2 50.2 Conclusion effects visibility symptom 1 “intubation 62. 5 50.

Objetivo: verificar la validez clínica de la proposición de un nuevo diagnóstico de enfermería denominado sed perioperatoria, basado en la precisión diagnóstica de sus indicadores clínicos, incluyendo la magnitud del efecto de sus factores etiológicos. Método: estudio de validación clínica diagnóstica con 150 pacientes quirúrgicos en un hospital universitario. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados con la sed. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de clases latentes. Resultados: se propusieron dos modelos de clases latentes para las características definitorias. El modelo ajustado en el preoperatorio incluía: labios resecos, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, ganas de beber agua, informe del cuidador, garganta seca y deglución constante de saliva. En el postoperatorio: sequedad de garganta, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, constante deglución de saliva, ganas de beber agua, mal gusto en la boca. Los factores relacionados “temperatura ambiente elevada” y “sequedad de boca” se asocian a la presencia de sed, así como las condiciones asociadas “uso de anticolinérgicos” e “intubación”. La prevalencia de sed fue del 62,6% en el preoperatorio y del 50,2% en el postoperatorio inmediato. Conclusión: la proposición diagnóstica de la sed perioperatoria mostró buenos parámetros de precisión de sus indicadores clínicos y efectos etiológicos. Esta propuesta en una taxonomía de enfermería permitirá una mayor visibilidad, apreciación y tratamiento de este síntoma. Objetivo etiológicos Método 15 universitario Resultados definitorias incluía resecos espesa agua cuidador boca temperatura elevada uso anticolinérgicos intubación. intubación . “intubación” 626 62 6 62,6 502 50 2 50,2 inmediato Conclusión visibilidad síntoma 1 “intubación 62, 5 50,

Abstract Introduction: Los Chiles has one of the lowest Social Progress Indexes in Costa Rica. The inhabitants drink untreated groundwater from an aquifer across the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border. Objective: To characterize water quality and possible associations with land use. Methods: We collected six water samples from wells during the dry and rainy seasons in 2019 and applied standard tests. Results: Grasslands and bare ground cover larger areas than other land uses. The water is calcic-bicarbonate type, and its physical-chemical values are acceptable, we did not detect Escherichia coli in any sample, while we only detected fecal coliforms in La Trocha. Conclusion: If treated to eliminate coliforms and protected from other effects of human activity, this water will be optimal for human consumption.

Resumen Introducción: Los Chiles tiene uno de los índices de progreso social más bajos de Costa Rica. Los habitantes beben agua subterránea no tratada de un acuífero que atraviesa la frontera entre Nicaragua y Costa Rica. Objetivo: Caracterizar la calidad del agua y posibles asociaciones con el uso de la tierra. Métodos: Recolectamos seis muestras de agua de pozos durante las temporadas seca y lluviosa en 2019 y aplicamos pruebas estándar. Resultados: Los pastizales y el suelo descubierto cubren áreas más grandes que otros usos del suelo. El agua es del tipo calcio-bicarbonato, y sus valores físico-químicos son aceptables, no detectamos Escherichia coli en ninguna muestra, mientras que coliformes fecales sólo en La Trocha. Conclusión: Si se trata para eliminar los coliformes y se protege de otros efectos de la actividad humana, esta fuente será óptima para el consumo humano.

RACIONAL: Para reduzir o risco de regurgitação durante a anestesia para procedimentos eletivos, os volumes gástricos residuais (VRG) têm sido tradicionalmente minimizados com jejum noturno. O jejum pré-operatório prolongado tem algumas consequências adversas e tem sido abandonado para a maioria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, com exceção de pacientes obesos e/ou diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o VRG em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos após jejum tradicional ou abreviado. MÉTODOS Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, sob o número 179.017/2012. Este é um projeto prospectivo, randomizado e cruzado em 8 pacientes diabéticos tipo II com obesidade mórbida. O VRG foi medido endoscopicamente após jejum noturno tradicional (pelo menos 8 horas) ou após jejum abreviado (6 horas para sólidos e 3 horas para uma bebida contendo água mais 25 g (12,5%) de maltodextrina). Os dados são expressos como média e variação e as diferenças foram comparadas com testes t pareados em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A população estudada tinha 41,5 (28-53) anos de idade, peso médio de 135 (113-196) kg, índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 48,2 (40-62,4) kg/m2 e diabetes tipo II de 4,5 (1-10) anos. O VRG após o jejum abreviado foi de 21,5 (5-40) ml versus 26,3 (7-65) ml após o jejum tradicional. Essa diferença não foi significativa (p=0,82). CONCLUSÕES:  O esvaziamento gástrico em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos é semelhante após jejum tradicional ou abreviado com uma bebida com carboidrato.

BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of regurgitation during anesthesia for elective procedures, residual gastric volumes (RGV) have traditionally been minimized with overnight fasting. Prolonged preoperative fasting have some adverse consequences and has been abandoned for most surgical procedures, with the exception of obese and/or diabetic patients.  AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the RGV in  morbidly obese diabetics patients after traditional or abbreviated fasting. METHODS: This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research in Human Beings from the Federal University of Mato Grosso, number 179.017/2012. This is a prospective, randomized, and cross-over design in 8 morbidly obese type II diabetic patients. RGV was measured endoscopically after either traditional overnight fasting (at least 8 hours) or after abbreviated fasting (6 h for solids and 3 hours for a drink containing water plus 25 g (12.5%) of maltodextrin). Data are expressed as mean and range and differences were compared with paired t tests at p<0.05.  RESULTS: The study population was 41.5 (28-53) years old, with a mean weight of 135 (113-196) kg, body mass index (BMI) 48.2 (40-62.4) kg/m2, and having type II diabetes for 4.5 (1-10) years. The RGV after abbreviated fasting was 21.5 (5-40) ml vs 26.3 (7-65) ml after traditional fasting. This difference was not significant (p=0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric emptying in morbidly obese diabetics patients is similar after either traditional or abbreviated fasting with a carbohydrate drink.

SUMMARY At the Technical University of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, the effect of Osmolality in a hypertonic drink from the combination of orange juice and carrot juice was studied, applying an experimental investigation. Thirteen different treatments were developed and established with the statistical program Design Expert 11.1.0.1 (StadEase Inc., Minneapolis, USA). The samples were subjected to a previous pasteurization for their subsequent packaging. A sensory evaluation was carried out, where treatments 1, 8 and 13 were determined as the most accepted. Subsequently, through the program, the most optimal experimental run was obtained in terms of osmolality, which was determined as the best treatment at t8 that corresponds to the formulation with a mix of salts of 0.25%; water 15%; 54.11% orange juice and 30.64% carrot juice, thus giving an osmolality of 487 mOsm/Kg. In the physicochemical analysis, the following results were obtained: pH of 5; 0.64 acidity; 7.8 °Brix and 1.038 g/ml density; microbiological analysis of Moulds, Yeasts, E. Coli and Total Coliforms, said results are <1 and in nutritionals we have per-250 ml; 9% sodium; 7% carbs; 8.37% total sugars; 9.85% total solids; 0.38% protein; 37.42 kcal/100 g; 0.17 mg/100 g vitamin A; 0.002 mg/100 g vitamin B3 and 17.06 mg/100 g vitamin C %. The cost of this drink was 0.79 US cents for 500 ml and 0.39 US cents for 250 ml.

RESUMEN En la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Ecuador se estudió el efecto de la Osmolalidad en una bebida hipertónica a partir de la combinación de jugo de naranja y jugo de zanahoria, aplicando una investigación experimental. Se elaboro 13 diferentes tratamientos que se establecieron con el programa estadístico Design Expert 11.1.0.1 (StadEase Inc., Minneapolis, EE.UU.). Las muestras fueron sometidas a una previa pasteurización para su posterior envasado. Se realizó una evaluación sensorial, en donde se determinó a los tratamientos 1, 8 y 13 como los más aceptados. Posteriormente mediante el programa se obtuvo la corrida experimental más optima en cuanto a la osmolalidad que determinó como el mejor tratamiento al t8 que corresponde a la formulación con un mix de sales de 0,25 %; agua 15 %; jugo de naranja 54,11 % y jugo de zanahoria 30,64 %, dando así una osmolalidad de 487 mOsm/Kg. En el análisis fisicoquímico, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: pH de 5; 0,64 de acidez;7,8 °Brix y 1,038 g/ml de densidad; análisis microbiológico de Mohos, Levaduras, E. Coli y Coliformes Totales dichos resultados son <1 y en nutricionales tenemos por cada 250 ml; 9 % de sodio; 7 % carbohidratos; 8,37 % azúcares totales; 9,85 % sólidos totales; 0,38 % proteínas; 37,42 kcal/100 g; 0,17 mg/100 g vitamina A; 0,002 mg/100 g vitamina B3 y 17,06 mg/100 g vitamina C %. El costo de esta bebida fue de 0,79 centavos de dólar para 500 ml y de 0,39 centavos de dólar para 250 ml.

Abstract Dairy product can be process into ready to drink or ready to serve. Dairy product that needs to be dissolved first usually powdered by drying. The drying method could be done using the vacuum Drying Method. This study used a 3x3 factorial design in a randomized block design which consisted of 2 factors, namely factor T (sea flower powder concentration) which consisted of 3 levels, namely t1: 0.2%, t: 0.3%, and t3: 0.4%, dan factor P (variation of drying temperature) which consisted of 3 levels, namely p1: 50 °C, p2: 60 °C and p4: 70 °C. The responses tested in this study were chemical responses including water content, antioxidant activity, pH. Physical responses include dissolution time, insoluble, hygroscopicity, L* a* b* color intensity, yield amount, and viscosity. Organoleptic responses include color, aroma, taste, and viscosity. The effect of different sea flower powder concentration affects the antioxidant activity, pH, and color intensity. The variation of drying temperature affects the water content, dissolution time, insoluble, hygroscopicity, and color intensity. The interaction between sea flower powder concentration and variation of drying temperature affects the antioxidant activity and color intensity. serve Method x 3x factors levels t1 t 02 0 0.2% 03 0.3% t3 04 4 0.4% p1 p 5 C p2 6 p4 7 content pH time insoluble hygroscopicity L b intensity amount viscosity aroma taste 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.

Abstract Functional beverages with added health benefits are popular among peoples and athletes because they help them recover faster from intense workouts and perform better overall. This research set out to determine how well heat-treated stem juice from Oxalis tuberosa Mol. “oca” and fruit juice from Gaultheria glomerata (Cav.) Sleumer “laqa-laqa” performed as an antioxidant in a functional drink. The “oca” stems and the “laqa-laqa” fruit were collected to obtain the juice. For this study, 30 semi-trained panellists used sensory evaluation to rate four treatments (Bo, B1, B2, and B3) with varying quantities of “oca” and “laqa-laqa” juice. The results concluded that the treatment B2, which included 300 ml of “oca” stem juice, 800 ml of “laqa-laqa” juice, 1000 ml of treated water, and 220 g of refined sugar, was given the highest score after a physicochemical evaluation of its colour, smell, taste, and overall appearance. Similarly, the results showed that the protein content increased by 1.38%, the fat content by 1.08%, the moisture percentage by 99.5%, the ash content by 1.82%, and the carbohydrate content by 6.22% after B2 treatment. Similarly, results revealed significant enhancement in antioxidant profiling such as total polyphenols: 1825 mg of gallic acid/100 g and antioxidant Activity: 89.56% μmol of trolox /100 g. In conclusion, due to its high energy content and antioxidant activity, it may be a viable nutritional option for athletes who engage in rigorous, frequent physical exertion. heattreated heat Mol oca “oca Cav. Cav (Cav. laqalaqa laqa “laqa-laqa drink study 3 semitrained semi trained Bo, Bo (Bo B1 B B3 80 100 water 22 sugar colour smell taste appearance Similarly 138 1 38 1.38% 108 08 1.08% 995 99 5 99.5% 182 82 1.82% 622 6 6.22 polyphenols acid100 acid acid/10 Activity 8956 89 56 89.56 /10 conclusion activity rigorous exertion (Cav 8 10 2 13 1.38 0 1.08 9 99.5 18 1.82 62 6.2 acid10 acid/1 895 89.5 /1 1.3 1.0 99. 1.8 6. acid1 acid/ 89. / 1.

Resumo As bebidas funcionais com benefícios adicionais à saúde são populares entre as pessoas e os atletas porque os ajudam a se recuperar mais rapidamente de exercícios intensos e a ter um desempenho geral melhor. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o quão beneficamente o suco do caule tratado termicamente de Oxalis tuberosa Mol. “oca” e o suco de fruta de Gaultheria glomerata (Cav.) Sleumer “laqa-laqa” atuaram como antioxidante em bebida funcional. Os caules da “oca” e os frutos da “laqa-laqa” foram coletados para a obtenção do suco. Para este estudo, 30 provadores semitreinados usaram a avaliação sensorial para avaliar quatro tratamentos (B0, B1, B2 e B3) com quantidades variadas de suco de “oca” e “laqa-laqa”. Os resultados indicaram que o tratamento B2, que incluía 300 mL de suco de caule de “oca”, 800 mL de suco de “laqa-laqa”, 1.000 mL de água tratada e 220 g de açúcar refinado, obteve a maior pontuação após avaliação físico-química e avaliação de cor, cheiro, sabor e aparência geral. Da mesma forma, os resultados mostraram que o teor de proteína aumentou em 1,38%, o teor de gordura, em 1,08%, o percentual de umidade, em 99,5%, o teor de cinzas, em 1,82%, e o teor de carboidratos, em 6,22%, após o tratamento B2. Da mesma forma, os resultados revelaram aumento significativo no perfil antioxidante, como polifenóis totais: 1.825 mg de ácido gálico/100 g e atividade antioxidante de 89,56% μmol de trolox /100 g. Em conclusão, devido ao seu alto teor energético e à atividade antioxidante, pode ser uma opção nutricional viável para atletas que praticam esforço físico rigoroso e frequente. melhor Mol oca “oca Cav. Cav (Cav. laqalaqa laqa “laqa-laqa funcional estudo 3 B0, B0 B (B0 B1 B3 laqalaqa. . oca, , 80 laqalaqa, 1000 1 000 1.00 22 refinado físicoquímica química cor cheiro forma 138 38 1,38% gordura 108 08 1,08% umidade 995 99 5 99,5% cinzas 182 82 1,82% carboidratos 622 6 6,22% totais 1825 825 1.82 gálico100 gálico 100 gálico/10 8956 89 56 89,56 /10 conclusão frequente (Cav (B 8 00 1.0 2 13 1,38 10 0 1,08 9 99,5 18 1,82 62 6,22 1.8 gálico10 gálico/1 895 89,5 /1 1. 1,3 1,0 99, 1,8 6,2 gálico1 gálico/ 89, / 1, 6,

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of regurgitation during anesthesia for elective procedures, residual gastric volumes (RGV) have traditionally been minimized by overnight fasting. Prolonged preoperative fasting presents some adverse consequences and has been abandoned for most surgical procedures, except for obese and/or diabetic patients. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the RGV in morbidly obese diabetic patients after traditional or abbreviated fasting. METHODS: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings from the Federal University of Mato Grosso, under number 179.017/2012. This is a prospective, randomized, and crossover design study in eight morbidly obese type II diabetic patients. RGV was measured endoscopically after either traditional overnight fasting of at least 8 hours, or after abbreviated fasting of 6 hours for solids and 3 hours for a drink containing water plus 25 g (12.5%) of maltodextrin. Data were expressed as mean and range and differences were compared with paired t-tests at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study population had a mean age of 41.5 years (28–53), weight of 135 kg (113–196), body mass index of 48.2 kg/m2 (40–62.4), and type II diabetes for 4.5 years (1–10). The RGV after abbreviated fasting was 21.5 ml (5–40) vs 26.3 ml (7–65) after traditional fasting. This difference was not significant (p=0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric emptying in morbidly obese diabetic patients is similar after either traditional or abbreviated fasting with a carbohydrate drink. BACKGROUND procedures (RGV andor AIMS METHODS Grosso 1790172012 179 017 2012 179.017/2012 prospective randomized 2 12.5% 125 12 5 (12.5% maltodextrin ttests t tests p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 RESULTS 415 41 41. 28–53, 2853 28–53 , 28 53 (28–53) 13 113–196, 113196 113–196 113 196 (113–196) 482 48 48. kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 40–62.4, 40624 40–62.4 40 62 4 (40–62.4) 45 4. 1–10. 110 1–10 . 1 10 (1–10) 215 21 21. 5–40 540 (5–40 263 26 26. 7–65 765 7 65 (7–65 p=0.82. p082 p=0.82 82 (p=0.82) CONCLUSIONS 179017201 17 01 201 179.017/201 12.5 (12.5 p00 p<0.0 285 28–5 (28–53 11319 113–19 11 19 (113–196 4062 40–62. (40–62.4 1–1 (1–10 5–4 54 (5–4 7–6 76 (7–6 p08 p=0.8 (p=0.82 17901720 20 179.017/20 12. (12. p0 p<0. 28– (28–5 1131 113–1 (113–19 406 40–62 (40–62. 1– (1–1 5– (5– 7– (7– p=0. (p=0.8 1790172 179.017/2 (12 p<0 (28– 113– (113–1 40–6 (40–62 (1– (5 (7 p=0 (p=0. 179017 179.017/ (1 p< (28 (113– 40– (40–6 ( p= (p=0 17901 179.017 (2 (113 (40– (p= 1790 179.01 (11 (40 (p 179.0 (4 179.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Para reduzir o risco de regurgitação durante a anestesia para procedimentos eletivos, os volumes gástricos residuais (VRG) têm sido tradicionalmente minimizados com jejum noturno. O jejum pré-operatório prolongado tem algumas consequências adversas e tem sido abandonado para a maioria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, com exceção de pacientes obesos e/ou diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o VRG em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos após jejum tradicional ou abreviado. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, sob o número 179.017/2012. Este é um projeto prospectivo, randomizado e cruzado em 8 pacientes diabéticos tipo II com obesidade mórbida. O VRG foi medido endoscopicamente após jejum noturno tradicional (pelo menos 8 horas) ou após jejum abreviado (6 horas para sólidos e 3 horas para uma bebida contendo água mais 25 g (12,5%) de maltodextrina). Os dados são expressos como média e variação e as diferenças foram comparadas com testes t pareados em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A população estudada tinha 41,5 (28–53) anos de idade, peso médio de 135 (113–196) kg, índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 48,2 (40–62,4) kg/m2 e diabetes tipo II de 4,5 (1–10) anos. O VRG após o jejum abreviado foi de 21,5 (5–40) ml versus 26,3 (7–65) ml após o jejum tradicional. Essa diferença não foi significativa (p=0,82). CONCLUSÕES: O esvaziamento gástrico em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos é semelhante após jejum tradicional ou abreviado com uma bebida com carboidrato. RACIONAL eletivos (VRG préoperatório pré operatório cirúrgicos eou OBJETIVOS MÉTODOS Grosso 1790172012 179 017 2012 179.017/2012 prospectivo mórbida 6 ( 2 12,5% 125 12 5 (12,5% maltodextrina. maltodextrina . maltodextrina) p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 RESULTADOS 415 41 41, 28–53 2853 28 53 (28–53 idade 13 113–196 113196 113 196 (113–196 kg IMC (IMC 482 48 48, 40–62,4 40624 40 62 4 (40–62,4 kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 45 4, 1–10 110 1 10 (1–10 215 21 21, 5–40 540 (5–40 263 26 26, 7–65 765 7 65 (7–65 p=0,82. p082 p=0,82 82 (p=0,82) CONCLUSÕES carboidrato 179017201 17 01 201 179.017/201 12,5 (12,5 p00 p<0,0 28–5 285 (28–5 113–19 11319 11 19 (113–19 40–62, 4062 (40–62, 1–1 (1–1 5–4 54 (5–4 7–6 76 (7–6 p08 p=0,8 (p=0,82 17901720 20 179.017/20 12, (12, p0 p<0, 28– (28– 113–1 1131 (113–1 40–62 406 (40–62 1– (1– 5– (5– 7– (7– p=0, (p=0,8 1790172 179.017/2 (12 p<0 (28 113– (113– 40–6 (40–6 (1 (5 (7 p=0 (p=0, 179017 179.017/ p< (2 (113 40– (40– p= (p=0 17901 179.017 (11 (40 (p= 1790 179.01 (4 (p 179.0 179.

Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that when ingested in adequate amounts help in the balance of the intestinal microbiota. Kefir is considered a probiotic beverage associated with the improvement of several pathologies. Fruit juices are considered an excellent culture medium for these microorganisms, presenting nutrients that favor microbial growth. This work aimed to prepare a probiotic drink from the fermentation of whole grape juice by microorganisms from the water kefir. Different amounts of kefir grains were tested (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g) in 500 mL of grape juice. The fermentation processes were developed under static conditions at room temperature for 24 h. Seven formulations were tested for physical-chemical and microbiological analyses. A questionnaire on the knowledge and consumption of probiotics was applied to the academic community. Three formulations were selected for sensory analysis and stored under refrigeration. All formulations showed growth of lactic acid bacteria and no reduction in storage viability. A significant reduction in soluble solids was observed in all formulations, and an increase in acidity and pH formulations with 5 and 20 g of kefir, respectively. About 64% of the participants reported knowing the definition of probiotics. In addition, a low intake of this product was observed. The formulation with 5 grams of water kefir grains was better accepted by the consumers when compared to the others. Thus, grape juice can be a great alternative to consume probiotic microorganisms, especially for those who do not consume dairy products. microbiota pathologies 5, (5 10 30 40 50 6 2 h physicalchemical physical chemical analyses community refrigeration viability respectively 64 addition others Thus products ( 1 3 4

Abstract The increase in the prevalence of obesity in adolescents is alarming and may be related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The objective of the study was to determine whether parental affective behavior and age are related to consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages in Mexican adolescent men and women. A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted among 296 adolescents, who are students of a public secondary school located in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. The Behavioral Affect Rating Scale and the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15 were both conducted. Through multivariate analysis, predictors of moderate magnitude were found. In females, consumption of ultra-processed juices was negatively related to the mother’s warmth, while the father’s hostility was positively related to consumption of alcoholic beverages. In males, the mother’s hostility was negatively associated with water and fruit juice consumption and positively associated with soft drink consumption. While the father’s hostility was positively associated with the consumption of ultra-processed juices and energy or sports drinks.

Resumen El incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad en adolescentes es alarmante, mismo que puede estar relacionado con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si el comportamiento afectivo de los padres y la edad de los hijos se relacionan con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alcohólicas en hombres y mujeres adolescentes mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional en 296 adolescentes del nivel secundaria en una escuela pública de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Afectivo y el Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15. Se encontraron factores predictores de magnitud moderada. En las mujeres el consumo de jugos ultra procesados se relacionó negativamente con la calidez de la madre, mientras que la hostilidad del padre se relacionó positivamente con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. En los hombres la hostilidad de la madre se asoció negativamente con el consumo de agua y jugo de frutas, y positivamente con el consumo de refrescos. Mientras que la hostilidad del padre se asoció positivamente con el consumo de jugos ultra-procesados y bebidas energéticas o deportivas.

Resumo Fundamento Tem-se sugerido que o consumo de bebidas energéticas (BEs) possa afetar a atividade cardiovascular. Objetivos Investigar os efeitos agudos da ingestão de BE sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) recuperação cardiovascular após exercício aeróbico moderado em homens de diferentes capacidades cardiorrespiratórias. Métodos Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo cego, crossover, controlado por placebo. Vinte e oito jovens adultos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o pico de consumo de oxigênio (pico de VO2): (1) pico de VO2 alto (AO) – pico de VO2 > 52,15 mL/Kg/min, e (2) pico de VO2 baixo (BO) - pico de VO2 <52,15 mL/Kg/min. Os indivíduos de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a dois protocolos de exercícios em ordem aleatória: exercício moderado aeróbico (60% de pico de VO2) após a ingestão de 250 mL de água (protocolo placebo) ou 250 mL de BE (protocolo BE). Durante os testes de exercício, foram registrados valores de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e de VFC. Resultados Foram observadas diferenças significativas para o índice de LF (unidades normalizadas) entre “repouso” e “Rec1” nos grupos de AO e BO durante o protocolo BE. Para a razão LF/HF, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre “repouso” e Rec1 nos grupos AO e BO nos protocolos BE. Conclusão A ingestão aguda de BE retardou a recuperação da frequência cardíaca após o exercício em indivíduos com capacidade cardiorrespiratória baixa e indivíduos com capacidade cardiorrespiratória alta.

Abstract Background It has been suggested that the consumption of energy drinks (ED) may affect cardiovascular activity. Objectives to investigate the acute effects of ED intake on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiovascular recovery after moderate aerobic exercise in males with different cardiorespiratory capacities. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight young adults were split into two groups according to their peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) values: (1) High VO2 peak (HO) - VO2 peak > 52.15 mL/kg/min, and (2) low VO2 peak (LO) - peak VO2 <52.15 mL/kg/min. Subjects of both groups underwent two exercise protocols in randomized order: moderate aerobic exercise (60% of VO2peak) following the intake of 250 mL of water (placebo protocol) or 250 mL of ED (ED protocol). During the exercise tests, values of cardiorespiratory and HRV parameters were recorded. Results Significant differences were observed for the LF (normalized units) index between rest and Rec1 in HO energy and LO groups during the ED protocol. For the LF/HF ratio, significant differences were seen between rest and Rec1 in HO and LO during ED protocols. Conclusion Acute ED intake delayed heart rate recovery after exercise in subjects with low and high cardiorespiratory fitness.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o índice de desvantagem vocal para o canto de coristas idosos e verificar a sua relação com perfil, hábitos e condições de saúde dos participantes. Método Foram incluídos 110 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, participantes de coros amadores. Os coristas foram entrevistados a fim de verificar dados como idade, tempo de canto coral, classificação vocal e a presença de hábitos e condições de saúde adversas à produção vocal. Posteriormente, responderam o questionário “Índice de Desvantagem Vocal para o Canto (IDV-C)” que avalia a autopercepção do indivíduo em relação às experiências no uso da voz cantada. Resultados O escore do IDV-C teve uma mediana de 25, sendo a pontuação mínima 0 e a máxima 86. Os itens mais pontuados estavam relacionados aos aspectos físicos no uso da voz cantada: “Não consigo cantar agudo” (Q10) e “Minha garganta fica seca quando canto” (Q13). Verificou-se que os idosos com mais de 75 anos apresentaram maior desvantagem vocal para o canto ao comparar com os mais jovens (p=0,020). As coristas classificadas como contralto também apresentaram maior escore do IDV-C (p=0,023), assim como os indivíduos que relataram beber pouca água (p=0,007). Conclusão Os coristas deste estudo apresentaram um índice de desvantagem vocal para o canto compatível com vozes saudáveis para o canto. Ao verificar a relação do escore do IDV-C com as características dos participantes e a respeito dos hábitos e condições de saúde, constatou-se que os coristas idosos com mais de 75 anos, as coristas contralto e aqueles que afirmaram beber pouca água apresentaram escores maiores de desvantagem vocal para o canto.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the singing voice handicap index in elderly choristers and verify its relationship with the profile, habits and health conditions of the participants. Methods 110 individuals aged 60 years or older, participating in amateur choirs, were included. Choir singers were interviewed in order to verify data such as age, time in choir singing, vocal classification, and the presence of habits and health conditions adverse to voice production. Subsequently, they answered the questionnaire “Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI)”, which assesses the individual's self-perception in relation to experiences in the use of the singing voice. Results The SVHI score had a median of 25, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 86. The most scored items were related to physical aspects in the use of singing voice: “I am unable to use my ‘high voice’” (Q10) and “My throat is dry when I sing”(Q13). It was found that older adults over 75 years of age had a greater voice handicap when compared to younger ones (p=0.020). Choir singers classified as contralto also had a higher SVHI score (p=0.023), as well as individuals who reported drinking little water (p=0.007). Conclusion The choristers in this study presented a singing voice handicap index compatible with healthy singing voices. When verifying the relationship of the SVHI score with the characteristics of the participants and with respect to habits and health conditions, it was found that the elderly choir singers over 75 years old, the contralto choir singers, and those who claimed to drink little water had higher scores for the singing voice handicap.

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo e a adoção de medidas preventivas odontológicas, em resposta à pandemia do COVID-19, são necessárias para evitar infecções cruzadas entre profissionais e pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar as práticas preventivas do COVID-19 em odontologia. Métodos: A busca eletrônica foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS e Scielo, utilizando os seguintes descritores e / ou palavras: “Coronavirus disease 2019”; “Coronavirus 2019”; “Covid-19”; “2019-ncov”; “Sars-cov2”; “Dental practice”; “Dental care”; “Dentistry”; “Dental medicine” and “Oral medicine”. O PRISMA foi utilizado como referência para sua realização. Resultados: Um total de 11 estudos foram incluídos e as medidas preventivas contra COVID-19 foram baseadas em diretrizes dos órgãos de saúde e consistiram em: realizar apenas tratamentos de emergência; reagendar pacientes com suspeita de doença; lavar as mãos; desinfetar superfícies com álcool a 70%; testar profissionais de odontologia para a doença; usar a máscara N95; jalecos descartáveis e protetores faciais. As crianças, além das medidas mencionadas acima, devem rotineiramente beber muita água e receber dietas saudáveis. Nenhum estudo avaliou a eficácia e a efetividade dessas medidas preventivas. Faltam evidências científicas sobre os protocolos preventivos adotados contra o COVID-19 em odontologia, uma vez que medidas preventivas são recomendadas pelos órgãos de saúde. Conclusão: Consequentemente, recomenda-se aos profissionais que sigam essas organizações até que sejam estabelecidos protocolos preventivos eficazes e eficientes, adaptados à odontologia.

ABSTRACT Objective: The study and enactment of dental preventive measures, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, are necessary to prevent cross-infections between professionals and patients. The objective of this integrative review was to identify the COVID-19 preventive practices in dentistry. Methods: The electronic search was conducted on these databases: Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS and Scielo, using the following descriptors and / or words: “Coronavirus disease 2019”; “Coronavirus 2019”; “Covid-19”; “2019-ncov”; “Sars-cov2”; “Dental practice”; “Dental care”; “Dentistry”; “Dental medicine” and “Oral medicine”. PRISMA was used as a reference for designing it. Results: A total of 11 articles were included and the preventive measures against COVID-19 were based on guidelines from health agencies and consisted of: perform only emergency treatments; reschedule patients with suspected disease; hand washing; disinfection of surfaces with 70% alcohol; testing dental professionals for the disease; use the N95 mask; disposable lab coats, and face shields. Children, in addition to the measures mentioned above, should routinely drink a lot of water and be provided with healthy diets. No study has evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of these measures. There is a lack of scientific evidence on the preventive protocols adopted against COVID-19 in dentistry since preventive measures are recommended by health agencies. Conclusion: Consequently, professionals are recommended to follow the guidelines by these organizations until effective and efficient preventive protocols tailored to dentistry are established.

Abstract Centella asiatica, Bua Bog, has been widely used in Thailand for more than a hundred years as an important medicinal herb. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of blanching time of C. asiatica on antioxidant activity. Developed-pasteurized C. asiatica juice was also evaluated for sensory evaluation, nutrition values, and shelf life. Fresh leaves were blanched in hot water for 0, 1, and 2 minutes, before taking to make a juice and the filtrates were determined total extractable phenolic content (TPC), total extractable flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities. The juice was divided to add with sugar at 1.2, 2.5 and 5% as low sugar (LS), medium sugar (MS), and high sugar (HS). All treatments were evaluated for sensory quality. Selected samples were pasteurized at 85 ± 1 °C for 15 seconds then microbial and sensory evaluation were conducted during storage at 8 °C and 25 °C. The results indicated that the juice obtaining from blanching time for 2 minutes showed the highest value of TPC and TFC, including antioxidant activity. The LS was selected to produce pasteurized juice product that could be stored at 8 °C for 10 days. Therefore, C. asiatica can be pasteurized as juice and used as functional drink.