ABSTRACT The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop water requirements are crucial for the proper management and allocation of water resources in terms of quantity, quality, and timeliness. Therefore, remote sensing estimation of ET using the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) can provide spatio-temporal, non-punctual data, unlike traditional calculations relying on the nearest meteorological station. This research analyzed ET using SEBAL, based on ten Landsat 8 satellite images processed with a program developed in the Model Builder of ArcGis® version 10.2. The analysis was conducted during the vegetative period of starchy corn from May to October 2016. Validation of the results happened with a drainage lysimeter installed in a monitoring plot. Additionally, the statistical indices - such as percentage relative error (PRE) (0,09), root mean square error (RMSE) (0,30), R2 (0,92), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NASH) (0,91) - indicated a good correlation of ET for starchy corn in the central highlands of Peru. The ET identified at ten monitoring points ranged from 1,05 to 7,79 mm d-1. (ET quantity quality timeliness Therefore Surface Land spatiotemporal, spatiotemporal spatio temporal, temporal spatio-temporal nonpunctual non punctual data station ArcGis 102 10 2 10.2 2016 plot Additionally PRE (PRE 0,09, 009 0,09 , 0 09 (0,09) RMSE (RMSE 0,30, 030 0,30 30 (0,30) R 0,92, 092 0,92 92 (0,92) NashSutcliffe Nash Sutcliffe NASH (NASH 0,91 091 91 (0,91 Peru 105 1 05 1,0 779 7 79 7,7 d1. d1 d 1. d-1 10. 201 00 0,0 (0,09 03 0,3 3 (0,30 0,9 9 (0,92 (0,9 1, 77 7, d- 20 0, (0,0 (0,3 (0, (0 (

RESUMO A capacidade de campo do Latossolo foi avaliada usando os métodos de densidade de fluxo de água em campo, modelo Arya-Paris e câmara de pressão de Richards com amostras não deformadas, e a curva de retenção de água e a umidade do solo foram determinadas usando o modelo de Arya-Paris a uma pressão de 10 kPa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. O solo avaliado foi Latossolo nas camadas 0-10 e 10-20 cm. Usando o método da densidade de fluxo, a uma densidade de fluxo de água q = 0,10 mm por dia e 1,0 mm por dia, os valores de umidade do solo na capacidade de campo foram de 0,30 e 0,32 m3 m-3, respectivamente, para uma profundidade de 0-10 cm, e 0,28 e 0,31 m3 m-3, respectivamente, para uma profundidade de 10-20 cm. Comparando os resultados obtidos com a câmara de pressão com os da capacidade de campo obtidos para q = 0,1 mm por dia, o erro absoluto médio e o viés foram 0,880 e -0,218, respectivamente, para a profundidade de 0-10 cm, e 2,57 e -2,57, respectivamente, para a profundidade de 10-20 cm. A capacidade de campo do Latossolo pode ser obtida submetendo amostras não deformadas de 50 cm3 a uma pressão de 10 kPa. O modelo Arya-Paris é uma alternativa para determinar a curva de retenção de água do solo e a capacidade de campo do Latossolo. AryaParis Arya Paris 1 kPa Rondonópolis Grosso 010 0 0-1 1020 20 10-2 cm 1, 030 30 0,3 032 32 m m3, 3, 3 m-3 respectivamente 028 28 0,2 031 31 01 0, 0880 880 0,88 0,218, 0218 218 -0,218 257 2 57 2,5 2,57, -2,57 5 0- 102 10- 03 m- 02 088 88 0,8 0,218 021 21 -0,21 25 2, -2,5 08 8 0,21 -0,2 -2, -0, -2 -0 -

ABSTRACT The field capacity of Oxisol was evaluated using the flux density in the field, Arya-Paris model, and Richards pressure chamber with non-deformed samples, and the water retention curve and soil moisture were determined using the Arya-Paris model at a pressure of 10 kPa. The research was conducted at the Federal University of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The soil evaluated was Oxisol at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. Using the flux density method, at a water flux density q = 0.10 mm per day and 1.0 mm per day, soil moisture values at field capacity were 0.30 and 0.32 m3 m-3, respectively, at a depth of 0-10 cm and 0.28 and 0.31 m3 m-3, respectively, at a depth of 10-20 cm. Comparing the results obtained with the pressure chamber with those of the field capacity obtained for q = 0.1 mm per day, the mean absolute error and bias were 0.880 and -0.218, respectively, for the 0-10 cm depth and 2.57 and -2.57, respectively, for the 10-20 cm depth. Field capacity of Oxisol can be obtained by subjecting undeformed 50 cm3 samples to a pressure of 10 kPa. The Arya-Paris model is an alternative for determining the soil water retention curve and the field capacity of Oxisol. AryaParis Arya Paris nondeformed non deformed 1 kPa Rondonópolis state Brazil 010 0 0-1 1020 20 10-2 method 1. 030 30 0.3 032 32 m m3, 3, 3 m-3 respectively 028 28 0.2 031 31 01 0. 0880 880 0.88 0.218, 0218 218 -0.218 257 2 57 2.5 2.57, -2.57 5 0- 102 10- 03 m- 02 088 88 0.8 0.218 021 21 -0.21 25 2. -2.5 08 8 0.21 -0.2 -2. -0. -2 -0 -

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar dois casos de pneumotórax bilateral espontâneo múltiplo sucessivo em crianças com envolvimento pulmonar maciço por histiocitose de células de Langerhans (HCL), alertando para a possibilidade desse diagnóstico diferencial para o pediatra geral. Ademais, casos publicados que descrevem pacientes pediátricos com manifestações pulmonares de HCL foram revisados na literatura. Descrição do caso: Caso 1: Paciente masculino, três anos, com episódio súbito pneumotórax espontâneo à direita, drenado cirurgicamente. Após dois meses, apresentou dois novos episódios de pneumotórax contralateral. Biópsia linfonodal pulmonar revelou diagnóstico de HCL. Foi submetido a cirurgia torácica assistida por vídeo (VATS) bilateral e minitoracotomia com pleurodese mecânica, além de tratamento quimioterápico, necessitando de internação prolongada. Caso 2: Menino, quatro anos, apresentando dispneia progressiva e sibilância por cinco meses. Biópsia pulmonar revelou HCL. Evoluiu com importante desconforto respiratório e pneumotórax direito, necessitando drenagem. Foi realizada pleurodese com nitrato de prata e diferentes esquemas de quimioterapia. Ambos os pacientes evoluíram bem após tratamentos quimioterápicos múltiplos, cirurgias e suporte intensivo. Comentários: A HCL é uma doença desafiadora. Sua manifestação clínica é variável, e o envolvimento pulmonar ocorre em cerca de 10–15% dos casos. Consideram-se o manejo cirúrgico especializado e o suporte multidisciplinar essenciais para o tratamento de pacientes com HCL pulmonar maciça. Ainda que raro, o envolvimento pulmonar maciço por HCL deve ser considerado em quadros de pneumotórax recorrentes em crianças. Objetivo HCL, , (HCL) geral Ademais literatura caso 1 masculino anos direita cirurgicamente meses contralateral VATS (VATS mecânica quimioterápico prolongada 2 Menino direito drenagem quimioterapia múltiplos intensivo Comentários desafiadora variável 1015 10 15 10–15 Consideramse Consideram se maciça raro (HCL 101 10–1 10–

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to report two cases of successive multiple spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax in children with massive lung involvement due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), emphasizing the possibility of this differential diagnosis for the general pediatrician. Additionally, published cases describing pediatric patients with pulmonary manifestations of LCH were reviewed in the literature. Case description: Case #1: A 3-year-old male patient with a sudden episode of spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax, surgically drained. After 2 months, he experienced two new episodes of contralateral pneumothorax. A pulmonary lymph node biopsy revealed the diagnosis of LCH. He underwent bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery and mini-thoracotomy with mechanical pleurodesis, in addition to chemotherapy, requiring prolonged hospitalization. Case #2: A 4-year-old boy with progressive dyspnea and wheezing for 5 months. A pulmonary biopsy revealed LCH. He developed significant respiratory distress and right pneumothorax, requiring drainage. Silver nitrate pleurodesis and different chemotherapy regimens were performed. Both patients responded well to multiple chemotherapy treatments, surgeries, and intensive care support. Comments: LCH is a challenging disease. Its clinical manifestation is variable, and pulmonary involvement occurs in about 10–15% of cases. We consider specialized surgical management and multidisciplinary support essential for the treatment of patients with massive pulmonary LCH. Although rare, massive pulmonary involvement by LCH should be considered in cases of recurrent pneumothorax in children. Objective LCH, , (LCH) pediatrician Additionally literature description #1 1 3yearold yearold 3 year old rightsided sided drained months videoassisted video assisted minithoracotomy mini thoracotomy hospitalization #2 4yearold 4 drainage performed treatments surgeries Comments disease variable 1015 10 15 10–15 rare (LCH # 101 10–1 10–

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é propor o redesenho do Parque Veracruz em Puyo, Pastaza, através de um diagnóstico exaustivo do estado atual do parque e da implementação de infraestruturas cinza, verde e azul para melhorar sua imagem cênica e funcionalidade. Utilizando uma metodologia de pesquisa experimental e descritiva, foram avaliados os componentes vegetais dos estratos arbóreos, arbustivo e herbáceo, bem como a infraestrutura física do parque. O programa Sketchup Pro foi utilizado para visualizar o redesenho proposto. O diagnóstico identificou deficiências nos sistemas de drenagem e na qualidade da água, em resposta a isso o parque foi redesenhado. Quatro espécies herbáceas (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) foram introduzidas para melhorar a estética e reforçar a identidade cultural. O estrato arbustivo foi enriquecido com Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. As espécies arbóreas Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. e Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, foram selecionadas para melhorar a paisagem, proporcionar sombra. A infraestrutura azul, que inclui sistemas de drenagem sustentáveis e áreas de retenção de água, foi implementada para gerir eficientemente as águas pluviais, reduzindo os riscos de inundações e melhorando a qualidade ambiental do parque. Juntas, estas intervenções promovem um ambiente urbano mais atrativo, sustentável e ecologicamente diversificado, elevando a qualidade de vida dos residentes.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to redesign and revitalize the Veracruz Park in Puyo, Pastaza, through an exhaustive diagnosis of the current state of the park and the implementation of gray, green and blue infrastructure to improve its scenic image and functionality. Using an experimental and descriptive research methodology, the plant components of the tree, shrub and herbaceous strata, as well as the physical infrastructure of the park, were evaluated. The Sketchup Pro program was used to visualize the proposed redesign. The diagnosis identified deficiencies in drainage systems, water quality and existing infrastructure. In response, the redesign integrated sustainable solutions for each of these problems. Four herbaceous species (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) were introduced to improve aesthetics and reinforce cultural identity. The shrub layer was enriched with Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. increasing biodiversity. The tree species Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. y Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, were selected to improve the landscape, provide shade and contribute to air quality. Blue infrastructure, which includes sustainable drainage systems and water retention areas, was implemented to efficiently manage stormwater, reducing flood risks and improving the environmental quality of the park. Together, these interventions promote a more attractive, sustainable and ecologically diverse urban environment, raising the quality of life of residents.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proponer el rediseño del Parque Veracruz en Puyo, Pastaza, mediante un diagnóstico exhaustivo del estado actual del parque y la implementación de infraestructuras gris, verde y azul para mejorar su imagen escénica y funcionalidad. Utilizando una metodología de investigación experimental y descriptiva, se evaluaron los componentes vegetales de los estratos arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo, así como la infraestructura física del parque. El programa Sketchup Pro fue empleado para visualizar el rediseño propuesto. El diagnóstico identificó deficiencias en los sistemas de drenaje y la calidad del agua, en respuesta a esto se rediseño el parque. Se introdujeron cuatro especies herbáceas (Turnera ulmifolia L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume, Duranta repens L.) para mejorar la estética y reforzar la identidad cultural. El estrato arbustivo se enriqueció con Megaskepasma erythrochlamy Lindau, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Mussaenda erythrophylla S., Allamanda cathartica L. Las especies arbóreas Terminalia catappa L., Bismarckia nobilis H. y Archontophoenix myolensis Dowe, se seleccionaron para mejorar el paisaje, proporcionar sombra. La infraestructura azul, que incluye sistemas de drenaje sostenible y áreas de retención de agua, fue implementada para gestionar eficientemente el agua de lluvia, reduciendo riesgos de inundaciones y mejorando la calidad ambiental del parque. En conjunto, estas intervenciones promueven un entorno urbano más atractivo, sostenible y ecológicamente diverso, elevando la calidad de vida de los residentes

Chronic sinusitis is a common disease that significantly affects quality of life. To treat chronic sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is frequently considered. FESS alleviates chronic sinusitis symptoms by restoring natural sinus drainage. Otolaryngologists rely on computed tomography (CT) reports to establish whether FESS is appropriate. To enhance sinus CT reports and improve decision-making, a segmentation model is developed. Both 2D and 3D segmentation models were compared, with the 3D model achieving marginally better results. The model accurately segments the sinus system, including the nasal cavity, achieving a mean Dice coefficient of 0.889 ± 0.028. The resulting 3D visualisation of the segmented sinus system enables quick identification of opacified regions, helping otolaryngologists to make informed decisions about the appropriateness of FESS. This automated approach reduces the time required to compile reports, improves the precision of clinical evaluations, and ultimately enhances patient care

Chroniese sinusitis is 'n algemene siekte wat lewenskwaliteit aansienlik beïnvloed. Om chroniese sinusitis te behandel, word funksionele endoskopiese sinuschirurgie (FESS) gereeld oorweeg. FESS verlig chroniese sinusitis simptome deur die herstel van natuurlike sinus dreinering. Otolaryngoloë maak staat op rekenaartomografie (CT) verslae om vas te stel of FESS toepaslik is. Om sinus-CT-verslae te verbeter en besluitneming te verbeter, word 'n segmenteringsmodel ontwikkel. Beide 2D- en 3D-segmenteringsmodelle is vergelyk, met die 3D-model wat marginaal beter resultate behaal het. Die model segmenteer die sinusstelsel akkuraat, insluitend die neusholte, en bereik 'n gemiddelde Dobbelsteenkoëffisiënt van 0.889 ± 0.028. Die gevolglike 3D-visualisering van die gesegmenteerde sinusstelsel maak vinnige identifikasie van ondeursigtige streke moontlik, wat otolaryngoloë help om ingeligte besluite oor die toepaslikheid van FESS te neem. Hierdie outomatiese benadering verminder die tyd wat nodig is om verslae saam te stel, verbeter die akkuraatheid van kliniese evaluasies en verbeter uiteindelik pasiëntsorg

SUMMARY: Simple hepatic cysts of the liver (SHCL) are incidentally detected in the liver, and may be solitary or multiple. There is sufficient evidence supporting the role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of these lesions. The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of laparoscopic treatment in patients with BSHCs in terms of postoperative complications (POC). Case series.All patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for BSLC at RedSalud Mayor Clinic between January 2013 and December 2023 were included. Preoperative assessment consisted of general examinations, determination of ELISA-IgE and IgG for hydatidosis, abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography. The outcome variable was the development of postoperative complications (POCs). Descriptive statistics were used. During the study period, 22 patients with BSLC were operated, resecting them a total of 34 cysts. The median age of the series was 59 years, and 81.8 % of patients were female. The median sonographic diameter of the lesions was 9 cm. Subtotal pericystectomy was performed in all of them, without using drainage. In 45.4 % of cases simultaneously cholecystectomy for coexistent cholelithiasis was performed. The median operative time was 52 minutes. No patients needed to be converted. The series does not register POC or mortality. The median hospital stay was 1 day. The histopathological study confirmed "biliary type cyst" in all cases. With a minimum follow-up of 6 months, no late postoperative complications or recurrence of the resected lesions have been observed. The treatment applied to this series of cases was associated with a short hospital stay and good short- and medium-term outcomes.

RESUMEN: Los quistes hepáticos benignos simples del hígado (QHBSH) se detectan de forma incidental, pudiendo ser únicos o múltiples. Existe suficiente evidencia que avala el rol de la cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento de estas lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar los resultados del tratamiento laparoscópico en pacientes con QHBSH en términos de complicaciones postoperatorias (CPO). Serie de casos. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente vía laparoscópica por QHBSH en la Clínica RedSalud Mayor entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2023. El estudio preoperatorio consistió en exámenes generales, determinación de ELISA-IgE e IgG para hidatidosis, ecotomografía abdominal o tomografía computarizada. La variable resultado fue desarrollo de CPO. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. En el período estudiado, se intervinieron 22 pacientes con QHBSH, resecándose en ellos, un total de 34 quistes. El 81,8 % de los casos eran de sexo femenino; y la mediana de edad de la serie fue de 59 años. La mediana del diámetro ecográfico de las lesiones fue de 9 cm. Se realizó periquistectomía subtotal en todos ellos, sin utilización de drenaje. En el 45,4 % de los casos se ejecutó de forma simultánea una colecistectomía por colelitiasis coexistente. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue de 52 minutos. No fue necesario convertir a ningún paciente. La serie no registra CPO ni mortalidad. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1 día. El estudio histopatológico confirmó “quiste de tipo biliar” en la totalidad de los casos. Con un seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses, no se ha evidenciado CPO tardía ni reaparición de las lesiones resecadas. El tratamiento aplicado a esta serie de casos se asoció a escasa estancia hospitalaria y buena evolución a corto y mediano plazo.

Resumen Introducción: Las metástasis cerebrales son las lesiones malignas más comunes en el sistema nervioso central. Las metástasis cerebrales de cáncer pancreático son muy raras y con un pobre pronóstico. El objetivo del presente caso es describir una rara patología y el trabajo realizado para la atención del paciente. Reporte de caso: Hombre de 49 años con cambios de la personalidad, depresión y apatía. Cinco días previos a su ingreso se agregó a sus síntomas disartria, hemiparesia izquierda y desorientación, que progresó a un mayor deterioro del estado de alerta y que ameritó un manejo avanzado de la vía aérea. La tomografía de cráneo evidenció lesiones cerebrales quísticas. Se realizó una craniectomía descompresiva, así como drenaje y resección de lesión de mayor tamaño. El estudio de inmunohistoquímica reportó CK 19 en tumor cerebral, compatible con adenocarcinoma pancreático. Conclusiones: Se presentó un caso raro de metástasis cerebrales múltiples y sospecha de metástasis pulmonar, ambos secundarios a adenocarcinoma de páncreas primario. El paciente debutó con síntomas asociados a las lesiones cerebrales. La incidencia de metástasis cerebrales con un tumor primario pancreático es muy baja, y es un caso excepcional al debutar con síntomas neurológicos. La resección quirúrgica de la lesión cerebral tuvo un rol limitado en la mejoría clínica del paciente, ya que la progresión de la enfermedad fue rápida, pero útil para establecer la confirmación del diagnóstico mediante inmunohistoquímica. Al no contarse con pruebas de tamizaje para tumores pancreáticos, es difícil identificarlos en estadios tempranos y sin síntomas gastrointestinales presentes.

Abstract Introduction: Brain metastases are the most common malignant lesions in the central nervous system. Brain metastases from pancreatic cancer are very rare, with poor prognosis. The present paper aims to describe a rare pathology and the work carried out for the patient's care. Case report: 49-year-old man with personality changes, depression, and apathy. Five days before admission, he presented dysarthria, added left hemiparesis, and disorientation that progressed to sudden neurological deterioration that required advanced airway management. A computed tomography study was seen with cerebral cystic lesions. A decompressive craniectomy and drainage of the larger lesion was performed, with subsequent resection. The study protocol with immunohistochemistry reports CK 19, compatible with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: A rare case of multiple brain metastases and suspected lung metastasis, both secondary to primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma was presented. The patient began with symptoms associated with brain lesions. The incidence of brain metastases with a primary pancreatic tumor is very low, and this is an exceptional case when presenting with neurological symptoms. Surgical resection of the brain lesion had a limited role in the clinical improvement of the patient since the progression of the disease was rapid. Still, it was useful to establish a diagnosis by immunohistochemistry. Since there are no screening tests for pancreatic tumors, it is difficult to identify them in early stages and without gastrointestinal symptoms.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) presents a challenge to the environment if not well managed, but it also presents an opportunity for the recovery of economically valuable products, including rare earth elements (REEs), which are critical for the development of advanced, and green technologies. REE concentrations in AMD samples from coal and gold mines were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and their sorption by different cationic resins (CHT4083, CHP4502 and CHP00712) was evaluated. Optimum conditions for the sorption of the REEs by these resins were determined through batch experiments and desorption of the REEs from the resins using different concentrations of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solutions. Coal mine drainage (CMD), with a low pH of 2.37, had higher amounts of REEs (IREE 226.3732 mg/L) than AMD from the gold mines (IREE 4.9705 mg/L), with a pH of 3.21. A REE sorption efficiency of up to 98% was obtained with CHP4502 and CHP00712 resins and further optimisation of CHP00712 revealed that a resin volume of 250 mL and a contact time of 10 min were required to successfully remove REEs from 500 mL AMD. The sorption capacities of the resin for the selected REEs were 3.88 mg/g, 0.88 mg/g, 1.37 mg/g, 3.18 mg/g, 0.67 mg/g, 0.01 mg/g and 0.27mg/g for Pr, Gd, Nd, Ce, Sm, Eu and Y, respectively. Elution of the resin with a 0.5 N solution of sulphuric acid desorbed the REEs. AMD from coal mines could be an alternate source of REEs and cationic resins can be used to recover these REEs from the CMD. Further investigations, including impregnation of resin to improve its sorption capacity, and temperature effects on the sorption process, are recommended.

The Zandvlei Estuary is the only functioning estuary along the False Bay coastline of Cape Town and is therefore of extreme local ecological importance. The most significant problems are eutrophication and siltation caused by the increased total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and soluble ready phosphorus (SRP) levels due to urban development and the associated increased impervious surface area in the catchment that drains into it. In South Africa, stormwater drainage systems conventionally channel everything they collect into receiving water bodies without significant treatment. Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) provide an alternative approach to managing stormwater runoff. They are designed to manage both stormwater quality and quantity while potentially improving biodiversity and amenity. This project modelled the potential improvement in the quality of the water entering Zandvlei Estuary resulting from the implementation of selected SuDS control measures in Zandvlei's Diep River catchment using the software program, PCSWMM. SRP, TIN, total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) were selected as pollutant indicators. Treatment trains that included a large, constructed wetland at the bottom of the catchment will likely provide the greatest improvements to the water quality entering Zandvlei -potentially reducing SRP, TIN, TP and TSS by approximately 59%, 53%, 53%, and 66%, respectively - as well as potentially reducing the runoff by 48%.

ABSTRACT The National Institute of Water Resources promotes efficient water management in agricultural enterprises, based on the application of scientific research results. In spite of the investment made in the Laguna Blanca Agricultural Enterprise, there are still difficulties in making agricultural production sustainable, due to the low agro-productivity of the soils and the decrease in the efficiency of irrigation water use. For this reason, it is necessary to update, from the design of the installations, the operating parameters of the irrigation systems with centre pivot and reel machines. Based on the solution of two real case studies, the negative effects of the presence of salts in the soil solution on crop yields and on the sustainability of the supply sources involved in the irrigation activity are addressed. The hypothetical-deductive method was used to validate the convenience of considering salinity in the soil saturation extract at the design stage. As a result, the average pumping flow rate was identified as the design parameter that significantly influences the operation of these irrigation machines; the increase of this parameter infers the need to establish plot drainage systems to reduce the effects of soil saturation and the presence of salts in the soil solution.

RESUMEN El Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos promueve la gestión eficiente del agua en las empresas agropecuarias, sobre la base de aplicar resultados de investigaciones científicas. A pesar de la inversión realizada en la Empresa Agropecuaria Laguna Blanca, aún persisten dificultades para hacer sostenible las producciones agrícolas, debido a la baja agroproductividad de los suelos y el descenso de la eficiencia en el uso del agua de riego, por ello se infiere la necesidad de actualizar, desde el diseño de las instalaciones, los parámetros de explotación de los sistemas de riego con máquinas de Pivote Central y Enrolladores. Se aborda, a partir de la solución de dos casos de estudios reales, los efectos negativos de la presencia de sales en la solución del suelo, sobre el rendimiento de los cultivos y en la sostenibilidad de las fuentes de abasto implicadas en la actividad del riego. Se empleó el método hipotético - deductivo, para validar la conveniencia de considerar en la etapa de diseño, la salinidad en el extracto de saturación del suelo. Como resultado se identificó el caudal medio de bombeo, como el parámetro de diseño que influye significativamente en la explotación de estas máquinas de riego; el incremento de este parámetro infiere la necesidad de establecer sistemas de drenaje parcelario para disminuir los efectos de la saturación de los suelos y la presencia de sales en la solución del suelo.

ABSTRACT This study aims to characterize the main morphotectonic and neotectonic structures in Mata-Yumuri sector from Baracoa depression, located in the northeast of Guantánamo province. The morphotectonic study was carried out by analyzing the geological information of the area, processing, and preparing morphometric maps using version 3.22.2 of Qgis software, ArcGis desktop 10.8 and Pro. As a result, four sectors with particular morphotectonic characteristics were distinguished in the sub depression, and the complex geomorphological and tectonic constitution is evident because of the combination of highly active endogenous and exogenous processes. It was determined that both the relief and drainage of the area have undergone changes as a result of neotectonic activity, which had its peak during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, the system is based on fault systems and free-standing blocks, conditions which are considered to be maintained at present.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo la finalidad de caracterizar las principales estructuras morfotectónicas y neotectónicas en el sector Mata-Yumurí de la depresión Baracoa, ubicada al noreste de la provincia de Guantánamo. Se analizó la información geológica del área y se procesaron y generaron los mapas morfométricos utilizando los softwares Qgis versión 3.22.2, ArcGis desktop 10.8 y Pro. Como resultado, se diferenciaron en la subdepresión cuatro sectores con características morfotectónicas particulares, siendo evidente la compleja constitución geomorfológica y tectónica como consecuencia de la combinación de procesos endógenos y exógenos muy activos. Se evidenció que, tanto el relieve como el drenaje de la zona, han sufrido transformaciones como resultado de la actividad neotectónica que tuvo su máxima expresión durante el Pleistoceno Superior y el Holoceno, manteniéndose mediante sistemas de fallas y bloques en franco levantamiento, que se considera se mantienen en la actualidad.

Abstract Introduction Despite the evidence against drain placement after thyroidectomy, there is a lack of consensus on drain use in patients with substernal goiter. Objective To assess the factors that increase the likelihood of drain placement and its impact on postoperative hematoma and other 30-day complications among adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy for substernal goiter. Methods A retrospective cohort study that used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). Adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) who underwent elective thyroidectomy for substernal goiter from 2016 to 2020 were included. Cases with closed suction neck drains placed upon completion of surgery were included in the drain group, and the remaining cases formed the nondrain group. Results A total of 1,229 patients were included (46.5% with drain placement). The factors that increased the likelihood of drain placement included body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, score between 3 and 5 on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, sternal split/transthoracic surgical approach, operative time ≥ 90 minutes, and surgery conducted by otolaryngologists. Patients with clean-contaminated or contaminated wound classifications were less likely to be submitted to drain placement. In addition, drain use had no impact on postoperative hematoma formation but was found to independently increase the risk of prolonged length of hospital stay. Conclusion Thyroidectomy without drain placement might be safe for substernal goiter. However, this decision should be individualized for each patient. Level Of Evidence: 3 30day day ACSNSQIP. ACSNSQIP ACS NSQIP . (ACS-NSQIP) aged 1 years 201 202 group 1229 229 1,22 46.5% 465 46 (46.5 placement) BMI (BMI kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m2 ASA (ASA classification splittransthoracic split transthoracic approach 9 minutes otolaryngologists cleancontaminated clean addition stay However patient Evidence (ACS-NSQIP 20 122 22 1,2 46.5 4 (46. kg/m 2 12 1, 46. (46 (4 (

RESUMEN Divulgamos el caso de Queiron de Celso del cuero cabelludo en una niña de 6 años, procedente de área urbana con antecedente patológico de tiña capitis. La tiña de la cabeza, tinea capitis o dermatofitosis es una infección fúngica causada por hongos, denominados «dermatofitos». El querión es una manifestación grave de tinea capitis que resulta de una intensa respuesta inmune a la infección y caracteriza por el desarrollo de una placa inflamatoria con pústulas, costras gruesas y/o drenaje.

ABSTRACT We report the case of Queiron de Celso of the scalp in a 6-year-old girl from an urban area with a pathologic history of tinea capitis. Tinea capitis or dermatophytosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi called “dermatophytes”. Kerion is a severe manifestation of tinea capitis resulting from an intense immune response to infection and characterized by the development of an inflammatory plaque with pustules, thick crusts and/or drainage.

Resumen Las malformaciones arteriovenosas AVM del cuero cabelludo, comúnmente conocidas como aneurismas cirsoides, son colecciones complejas de arterias y venas que se comunican directamente. Dependiendo de su tamaño y complejidad, se puede utilizar una variedad de estrategias para tratarlos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino de 53 años de edad, que acudió a valoración por presentar una aumento de volumen de una lesión pulsátil que se extendía desde la región parietotemporal derecha acompañado de cefalea holocraneana y tinnitus, se realizó una angiotomografía cerebral en la que se observó una lesión compuesta de imágenes serpentiformes ectásicas, con una localización extracraneal derecha, posteriormente se realizó una angiografía cerebral diagnóstica que demostró un cortocircuito arteriovenoso plexiforme y fistuloso frontoparietal derecho alimentado por aferencias provenientes de la arteria temporal superficial, auricular posterior, occipital y meníngea media derechas, con drenaje a través de una vena varicosa y ectásica hacia la vena yugular externa. Se realizó por vía femoral una embolización por vía endovascular del cortocircuito arteriovenoso en dos tiempos, logrando una construcción de “olla a presión” para realizar la inyección de líquido embolizante y tener una embolización subtotal del 93%, con esto se pudo realizar una resección microquirúrgica con un abordaje frontoparietotemporal derecho, resecando la parte más profunda, y dejando la piel cabelluda con vasos embolizados sin resecar. Para el cierre de la herida quirúrgica se realizó rotación de colgajo simple para cubrir el defecto de piel derivado de su resección. Se sometió al paciente a panangiografía cerebral postresección, y se identificó la ausencia de cortocircuito arteriovenoso. Dependiendo de la extensión y la complejidad anatómica de la malformación, las manifestaciones clínicas pueden variar. Más del 80% de las MAV estarán presentes al nacer y el resto se pueden desarrollar después de un trauma craneal o intervenciones quirúrgicas. Se necesita una intervención terapéutica adecuada a través de una angiografía selectiva, durante la cual se puede realizar la embolización endovascular de los principales vasos de alimentación antes de la intervención quirúrgica abierta. Las reconstrucciones por tomografía computarizada tridimensionales por volumen se pueden utilizar para una mayor planificación quirúrgica, la reducción del aporte arterial postembolización disminuirá la hemorragia intraoperatoria, facilitando la resección quirúrgica total. La eliminación puede dar lugar a defectos cutáneos grandes y de espesor completo que pueden ser difíciles de reconstruir sin comprometer los resultados funcionales y cosméticos.

Abstract Scalp arteriovenous malformations AVMs, commonly known as cirsoid aneurysms, are complex collections of arteries and veins that communicate directly. It has been postulated that AVMs occur both through the activation of inactive fistulous lesions and through the formation of new fistulous vascular channels through the canalization of injured vessels. Depending on their size and complexity, a variety of strategies can be used to treat them. The case of a 53-year-old male is presented who came for evaluation due to an increase in the volume of a pulsating lesion that extended from the right parietotemporal region accompanied by holocraneal headache and tinnitus. A cerebral angiotomography was performed in which a lesion composed of ectatic serpentine images, with a right extracranial location, subsequently diagnostic cerebral angiography was performed demonstrating a right frontoparietal fistulous and plexiform arteriovenous shunt fed by afferents from the right superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital and middle meningeal arteries, with drainage through a varicose and ectatic vein towards the external jugular vein. An endovascular embolization of the arteriovenous shunt was performed via the femoral route in two stages, achieving a “pressure cooker” construction to perform the injection of embolizing fluid and have a subtotal embolization of 93%, with this it was possible to perform a microsurgical resection with a right fronto-parietal-temporal approach resecting the deepest part, leaving the scalp with embolized vessels without resecting. To close the surgical wound, a simple flap rotation was performed to cover the skin defect derived from its resection. The patient underwent post-resection cerebral panangiography, identifying the absence of arteriovenous shunt. Depending on the extent and anatomical complexity of the malformation, clinical manifestations may vary. More than 80% of AVMs will be present at birth and the rest may develop after head trauma or surgical interventions. Appropriate therapeutic intervention is needed through selective angiography, during which endovascular embolization of the major feeding vessels can be performed before open surgical intervention. Volume-based three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions can be used for further planning. Surgical reduction of post-embolization arterial supply will reduce intraoperative hemorrhage, facilitating total surgical resection. Removal can result in large, full-thickness skin defects that may be difficult to reconstruct without compromising functional and cosmetic results.

Abstract Introduction Floods are a common phenomenon in flat ecosystems with deficiencies in river drainage, impacting the local and regional economy. They can be identified and analyzed by remote sensing. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two normalized water indices during periods of maximum and minimum annual precipitation for the identification of flooding in the Salado River Basin, Argentina. Materials and methods The years with maximum and minimum annual precipitation in the period 2001-2020 were derived from satellite estimates of monthly precipitation provided by NASA through Google Earth Engine. Floods were identified using Landsat images, applying two normalized water indices (NDWI -Normalized Difference Water Index- and modified NDWI) to evaluate their performance in generating binary images that better represent the reality of the study area. Results and discussion Both indices showed good capability in identifying permanent or semi-permanent watercourses and water bodies; however, only the NDWI demonstrated higher effectiveness in identifying flooded areas with shallow depths (5 to 15 cm). The use of the Landsat mid-infrared band (1 566 - 1 651 µm) is less sensitive to water sediment load and can reflect subtle differences in it, providing a greater ability to delineate the water-soil boundary. Conclusion The use of NDWI showed a suitable behavior for the identification of flooded areas in very low slope ecosystems

Resumen Introducción Los anegamientos son fenómenos frecuentes en ecosistemas llanos con deficiencias en el drenaje fluvial que afectan la economía local y regional. Estos pueden ser identificados y analizados mediante teledetección. Objetivo Evaluar el desempeño de dos índices normalizados de agua, en épocas de precipitación anual máxima y mínima, para la identificación de anegamientos en la cuenca del río Salado, Argentina. Materiales y métodos Los años con precipitación anual máxima y mínima en el periodo 2001-2020 se obtuvieron de estimaciones satelitales de precipitación mensual provistas por la NASA a través de Google Earth Engine. Los anegamientos se identificaron con imágenes Landsat, a través de la aplicación de dos índices normalizados de agua (NDWI, por sus siglas en inglés -Normalized Difference Water Index- y NDWI modificado) con la finalidad de evaluar su desempeño en la obtención de imágenes binarizadas que representen mejor la realidad del área de estudio. Resultados y discusión Ambos índices tuvieron buena capacidad para la identificación de los cursos y cuerpos de agua permanente o semipermanente; sin embargo, solo el NDWI demostró mayor capacidad para la identificación de áreas anegadas con escasa profundidad (5 a 15 cm). El empleo de la banda del infrarrojo medio de Landsat (1 566 - 1 651 µm) es menos sensible a la carga de sedimentos del agua y es capaz de reflejar diferencias sutiles en ella, lo que proporciona una mayor capacidad para delinear el límite agua-suelo. Conclusión El empleo del NDWI demostró un comportamiento adecuado para la identificación de zonas anegadas en ecosistemas de muy baja pendiente.