Abstract This article presents the first results of an ongoing research on the presence of the Jesuits in Sardinia between the 16th and 17th century. In particular, the focus is on the case study of Sardara, where the Jesuits took possession of a house in the center of the village donated by Canon Giacomo Spiga of the diocese of Ales. The appropriation of ecclesiastical rents by the Company creates considerable tension with the parish priests of the community, who feel that they are impoverished and penalized. The dispute ended only with the suppression of the Compagnia, and the Jesuit property was forfeited to the local ruling class and community.

Resumen El artículo propone los primeros resultados de una investigación en curso sobre la presencia de los jesuitas en Cerdeña entre los siglos XVI y XVII. En particular, se centra en el estudio del caso de Sardara, donde los jesuitas tomaron posesión de una casa en el centro del pueblo donada por el canónigo Giacomo Spiga, de la diócesis de Ales. La confiscación de las rentas eclesiásticas por parte de la Compañía crea considerables fricciones con los párrocos de la comunidad, que se sienten empobrecidos y penalizados. La disputa sólo acaba con la supresión de la Compañía y los bienes de los jesuitas son embargados por la clase dirigente local y la comunidad.

Riepilogo Il contributo propone i primi risultati di una ricerca ancora in corso sulla presenza dei gesuiti in Sardegna tra XVI e XVII secolo. In particolare, l’attenzione si focalizza sul caso studio di Sardara dove i gesuiti entrano in possesso di una casa nel centro del villaggio donata dal canonico Giacomo Spiga della diocesi di Ales. L’incameramento delle rendite ecclesiastiche da parte della Compagnia crea notevoli frizioni con i parroci della comunita, che ritengono di essere impoveriti e penalizzati. La contesa si chiude solo con la soppressione della Compagnia e i beni dei gesuiti saranno incamerati dal ceto dirigente locale e dalla comunita.

Riassunto L’articolo esamina l’ipotesi, formulata qualche anno fa da Pilar Lorenzo (2013 e 2016), secondo la quale i Lais de Bretanha circolarono in maniera indipendente e in ordine diverso. Una nuova analisi dei dati positivi non permette di confermare questa teoria. Indipendentemente dall’ordine primitivo delle cantigas ‘bretoni’, è altamente probabile che i Lais e le rispettive rubriche siano state composte in due momenti distinti. In particolare, la redazione delle rubriche potrebbe risalire all’epoca in cui i Lais furono inseriti nell’exemplar dei Canzonieri portoghesi di Colocci e, di conseguenza, l’ultima pericope della rubrica di B1 (Este lais posemos acá porque era o melhor que foi feito) giustificherebbe, non la prima posizione che il testo venne ad assumere nella Laissammlung, bensì la funzione di ‘prologo in versi’ che il compilatore aveva assegnato a B1 nella sua collezione di cantigas. L’articolo, inoltre, aggiunge alcuni elementi che convergono con l’ipotesi - già a suo tempo formulata da Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos - secondo la quale D. Pedro, Conte de Barcelos (e la sua cerchia aristocratica) sarebbe stato il responsabile dell’inserimento dei Lais nell’exemplar e della redazione delle rubriche.

Abstract The paper examines the hypothesis, put forward a few years ago by Pilar Lorenzo Gradín (2013 and 2016), according to which the Lais de Bretanha would have circulated independently and in a different order. A new analysis of the positive data does not confirm this theory. Regardless of the primitive order of the ‘Breton’ cantigas, it is highly probable that the Lais and the associated rubrics were composed at two different times. In particular, the rubrics could be written at the time when the Lais were inserted in the exemplar of the Colocci’s Portuguese Cancioneiros and, consequently, the last sentence of the rubric of B1 (Este lais posemos acá porque era o melhor que foi feito) could justify, not the first position that the text came to assume in the Laissammlung, but the function of “prologue in verse” that the compiler had assigned to B1 in the structure of the collection of cantigas. In addition, the article adds some elements that agree with the hypothesis - already put forward by Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos - according to which D. Pedro, Earl of Barcelos (and his aristocratic circle) was responsible for the insertion of the Lais into the exemplar and the redaction of rubrics.

Resumo As florestas ribeirinhas são ecossistemas únicos e altamente significativos que são globalmente importantes para diversas espécies de aves ameaçadas de extinção. Além de serem o berço da vida, também servem como um conjunto genético que abriga uma variedade de espécies da flora e da fauna. Apesar disso, esse frágil ecossistema abrigava um conjunto de aves, mas agora está desaparecendo diariamente como resultado da atividade humana. Determinar a produtividade do hábitat usando espécies de pássaros é fundamental para a conservação e melhor gestão no futuro. Vários levantamentos foram realizados ao longo de um período de 15 meses, de janeiro de 2018 a março de 2019, por meio do método de contagem de pontos de amostragem de distância. Foram fixadas sistematicamente 250 estações de contagem de pontos em intervalos de 300 m. No total, foram registrados 9.929 indivíduos de aves, representando 57 espécies e 34 famílias. Das 57 espécies de aves, duas eram vulneráveis, uma tinha dados insuficientes, uma estava quase ameaçada e as 53 espécies restantes eram as menos preocupantes. O: Pomba de colar euroasiática - Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), o Bulbul de orelha branca - Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) e Tagarela comum - Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) foram as três primeiras espécies abundantes com maiores densidades. No entanto, as densidades de três espécies, Papa-amoras-cinzento (Sylvia curruca), Garça-real-europeia (Ardea cinerea) e Águia-pescadora de Pallas (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), não foram analisadas por causa do pequeno tamanho da amostra. Os resultados dos índices de diversidade revelaram que a floresta ribeirinha abrigou diversas espécies de aves que estão uniformemente dispersas pela floresta. Além disso, o registro das dez guildas de forrageamento indicou que a floresta ribeirinha é rica em recursos alimentares. Além disso, os resultados do índice de valor de importância da estrutura florística indicaram que a floresta ribeirinha é variada e rica em flora, ou seja, árvores, arbustos, ervas daninhas e grama, tornando-a um hábitat atraente e produtivo para espécies de aves.

Abstract Riverine forests are unique and highly significant ecosystems that are globally important for diverse and threatened avian species. Apart from being a cradle of life, it also serves as a gene pool that harbors a variety of flora and fauna species (repeated below). Despite the fact, this fragile ecosystem harbored avian assemblages; it is now disappearing daily as a result of human activity. Determining habitat productivity using bird species is critical for conservation and better management in the future. Multiple surveys were conducted over a 15-month period, from January to March 2019, using the distance sampling point count method. A total of 250 point count stations were fixed systematically at 300 m intervals. In total, 9929 bird individuals were recorded, representing 57 species and 34 families. Out of 57 bird species, two were vulnerable, one was data deficient, one was nearly threatened, and the remaining 53 species were of least concern. The Eurasian Collard Dove – Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), White-eared Bulbul – Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) and Common Babbler – Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) were the three first plenteous species having higher densities. However, the densities of three species, i.e., Lesser Whitethroat – Sylvia curruca, Gray Heron – Ardea cinerea and Pallas Fish Eagle – Haliaeetus leucoryphus, were not analyzed due to the small sample size. The findings of diversity indices revealed that riverine forest has harbored the diverse avian species that are uniformly dispersed across the forest. Moreover, recording the ten foraging guilds indicated that riverine forest is rich in food resources. In addition, the floristic structure importance value index results indicated that riverine forest is diverse and rich in flora, i.e. trees, shrubs, weeds and grass, making it an attractive and productive habitat for bird species.

Abstract. 18. St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile viruses are arboviruses maintained in an enzootic cycle among birds by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. Both diseases have been reported in humans and evidence of infection have been identified in birds and horses in temperate Argentina. To advance in risk estimation, a bibliographic review of all published works in the country was carried out in order to know the potential host (only antibodies) and competent (able to amplify the virus) bird species. Then, the geographic distribution of bird species involved in their transmission cycles was characterized in Buenos Aires Province at two spatial scales: coarse grain potential host bird species occurrence maps for each virus (input Aves Argentinas), and fine grain density and percentage maps for each competent species (input eBird). The number of potential host bird species was higher in the northeast and southwest of the province for both viruses. Fine grain maps showed similar distribution and density patterns for all competent species, with maximums in the northeast and southeast, being Eared Dove the species with the highest density and percentage of sightings. Human cases records generally matched with high values areas in coarse grain maps and with high percentage cells in Eared Dove and House Sparrow fine grain maps. These results are a novel input for the elaboration of transmission risk maps and vigilance of these arbovirosis.

Resumen 14. Los virus de la Encefalitis de San Luis y del Oeste del Nilo son arbovirus que se mantienen en un ciclo enzoótico entre aves por mosquitos del género Culex. En la Argentina templada, ambas enfermedades han sido reportadas en humanos y se han registrado evidencias de infección en aves y caballos. Para avanzar en la estimación del riesgo, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de todos los trabajos publicados en el país para conocer las especies de aves potencialmente hospedadoras (sólo anticuerpos) y competentes (capaces de amplificar el virus). Luego, la distribución geográfica de las especies de aves implicadas en sus ciclos de transmisión fue caracterizada en la provincia de Buenos Aires a 2 escalas espaciales: mapas de ocurrencia de especies de aves potencialmente hospedadoras para cada virus a grano grueso (fuente Aves Argentinas), y mapas de densidad y porcentaje para cada especie competente a grano fino (fuente eBird). El número de especies de aves potencialmente hospedadoras fue mayor en el noreste y sudoeste de la provincia para ambos virus. Los mapas de grano fino mostraron patrones de distribución y densidad similares, con máximos en el noreste y sudeste, siendo la torcaza la especie con mayor densidad y porcentaje de avistamientos. Los registros de casos humanos coincidieron en general con las áreas de valores altos en los mapas de grano grueso y con las celdas con alto porcentaje en los mapas de grano fino de torcaza y gorrión. Estos resultados son un primer aporte para la estimación del riesgo de transmisión y vigilancia de estas arbovirosis.

Resumen El garrobo (Ctenosaura similis) se encuentra principalmente en ambientes xéricos en la vertiente del Pacífico de Mesoamérica. La especie ha sido considerada omnívora, con un cambio ontogenético en su dieta; los juveniles son insectívoros y los adultos son principalmente herbívoros. El garrobo consume diferentes tipos de materia vegetal y animal, sin embargo, hay pocos informes de eventos concretos de depredación. Aquí reportamos la depredación de la paloma ala blanca (Zenaida asiatica) por el garrobo en Costa Rica. Una paloma adulta fue capturada en el nido por un garrobo, y el único volantón del nido fue depredado por otro garrobo hembra cuando cayó al suelo después del evento de depredación. La paloma ala blanca ha incrementado su distribución y abundancia y explota principalmente hábitats abiertos donde anida incluso en infraestructuras de humanos, donde queda expuesta a depredadores que habitan principalmente en este tipo de hábitat como el garrobo. Discutimos el contexto de este evento de depredación y agregamos a la paloma ala blanca a una lista basada en la recopilación de presas reportadas como consumidas por el garrobo tanto en su área de distribución natural como en sitios donde ha sido introducido.

Abstract The Black Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) mainly inhabits xeric environments at the Pacific slope of Mesoamerica. It has been considered omnivorous, showing ontogenetic changes; juveniles are insectivorous, while adults are primarily herbivorous. The Black Iguana consumes several types of plant and animal material; however, there are very few reports of the actual predation events. Here we report the predation by the Black Iguana in Costa Rica upon a White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica). A female Black Iguana took one adult from its nest, and the only nestling of the nest was predated by another female Black Iguana when it fell to the ground after the predation event. The White-winged Dove has increased its distribution and abundance, exploiting mainly open habitats, including nesting in human infrastructure, where it is exposed to predators inhabiting this habitat, such as the Black Iguana. We discuss the context of this predation event and add the White-winged Dove to a list based on the compilation of prey reported as consumed by the Black Iguana both in its natural distribution area and in sites where it has been introduced.

Abstract The Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) is a columbid bird commonly found throughout most of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India and Australia. Its preferred habitat includes scrubland, agricultural lands, and human settlements. Despite this species’ extensive breeding range, very little information is available regarding its breeding ecology. The main objective of this study was to investigate the breeding features of the Laughing Dove in Taif City, Saudi Arabia between March and May 2018 and December 2018 and May 2019. The results indicate that this species constructs its nests at a mean height of 2.74 ± 0.1 m from the ground. The average number of nesting materials used for building a Laughing Dove nest was 109.3 ± 11.25. This study recorded that this species starts breeding in the middle of February. A clutch of two eggs comprised 72% of all the nests, with a mean of 1.75 ± 0.06 eggs per clutch. The average egg size was 25.27 ± 0.43 mm x 20.25 ± 0.19 mm, with an average egg volume of 5.01 ± 0.13 cm3. In total, 39.5% of the eggs hatched, and 64.7% of hatchlings reached the fledgling stage, resulting in an overall breeding success of 25.6%. This study suggested that nest desertion and predation were the major factors contributing to nest failure. Streptopelia senegalensis Africa East Asia Australia scrubland lands settlements range ecology City 201 2019 274 2 74 2.7 01 0 1 0. ground 1093 109 3 109. 1125 11 25 11.25 February 72 175 75 1.7 006 06 0.0 2527 27 25.2 043 43 0.4 2025 20 20.2 019 19 501 5 5.0 013 13 cm3 cm total 395 39 39.5 hatched 647 64 7 64.7 stage 256 6 25.6% failure 2. 10 112 11.2 17 1. 00 252 25. 04 4 202 20. 50 5. 39. 64. 25.6 11.

Resumo A rola-do-senegal (Streptopelia senegalensis) é uma ave columbídea comumente encontrada na maior parte da África, Oriente Médio, Ásia Central, Índia e Austrália. Seu hábitat preferido inclui cerrado, terras agrícolas e assentamentos humanos. Apesar da extensa gama de reprodução desta espécie, muito pouca informação está disponível sobre sua ecologia reprodutiva. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as características reprodutivas da rola-do-senegal na cidade de Taif, Arábia Saudita entre março e maio de 2018 e dezembro de 2018 e maio de 2019. Os resultados indicam que esta espécie constrói seus ninhos a uma altura média de 2,74 ± 0,1 m do chão. O número médio de materiais de nidificação usados para a construção de um ninho de rola-do-senegal foi de 109,3 ± 11,25. Este estudo registrou que esta espécie começa a se reproduzir em meados de fevereiro. Uma ninhada de dois ovos compôs 72% de todos os ninhos, com média de 1,75 ± 0,06 ovo por ninhada. O tamanho médio dos ovos foi de 25,27 ± 0,43 mm x 20,25 ± 0,19 mm, com volume médio de ovos de 5,01 ± 0,13 cm3. No total, 39,5% dos ovos eclodiram e 64,7% dos filhotes atingiram a fase de filhote, resultando em um sucesso reprodutivo geral de 25,6%. Este estudo sugeriu que a deserção do ninho e a predação foram os principais fatores que contribuíram para o fracasso do ninho. roladosenegal rola senegal Streptopelia senegalensis África Médio Central Austrália cerrado humanos reprodutiva Taif 201 2019 274 2 74 2,7 01 0 1 0, chão 1093 109 3 109, 1125 11 25 11,25 fevereiro 72 175 75 1,7 006 06 0,0 2527 27 25,2 043 43 0,4 2025 20 20,2 019 19 501 5 5,0 013 13 cm3 cm total 395 39 39,5 647 64 7 64,7 filhote 256 6 25,6% 2, 10 112 11,2 17 1, 00 252 25, 04 4 202 20, 50 5, 39, 64, 25,6 11,

Resumen El parasitismo sanguíneo en aves de México es un fenómeno poco estudiado y su presencia en muchas especies de aves es desconocida. En este estudio, se compararon la prevalencia y parasitemia de hemosporidios en la época reproductiva (húmeda) y no reproductiva (seca) de las palomas turcas (Streptopelia decaocto) y huilotas (Zenaida macroura) del norte de México. Se analizó la sangre de 40 aves de cada especie, colectadas entre 2013 y 2014. El diagnóstico de hemoparásitos se realizó mediante técnicas de microscopía y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La prevalencia de hemoparásitos fue de 87.5 % (IC 95%=78.3-93.3). La parasitemia promedio fue de 7.03 (IC 95 %= 5.68-9.04) hemoparásitos por cada 10,000 eritrocitos infectados. La prevalencia y parasitemia fueron mayores para Haemoproteus sp. que en Plasmodium sp y microfilarias. Las tasas de prevalencia no variaron entre especies de aves, ni entre épocas del año. No obstante, la estacionalidad parece ser un factor importante en la parasitemia. La especie que obtuvo mayores tasas de parasitemia fue Z. macoura. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender los mecanismos que asocian la parasitemia de esta especie con respecto a otras especies de columbiformes.

Abstract Blood parasitism in Mexican birds is an impoverished-studied phenomenon, and its presence in many species of birds is unknown. In this study, the prevalence and parasitaemia of hemosporidia were compared in the breeding (wet) and non-breeding (dry) seasons in the Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) and Mourning ones (Zenaida macroura) in northern Mexico. The blood of 40 birds of each species collected between 2013 and 2014, was analyzed. The diagnosis of hemoparasites was made by microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. The prevalence of hemoparasites was 87.5% (CI 95% = 78.3-93.3). The mean parasitaemia was 7.03 (CI 95% = 5.68- 9.04) hemoparasites per 10,000 infected erythrocytes. The prevalence and parasitaemia were higher for Haemoproteus sp. than for Plasmodium sp and microfilariae. The prevalence rates did not vary between bird species, nor between times of the year. However, seasonality seems to be an important factor in parasitaemia. The species that obtained the highest rates of parasitaemia was Z. macoura. More studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that associate parasitaemia in this species with respect to other columbiform species.

RESUMO Este artigo discute a autotradução, centrando-se na escritora Jhumpa Lahiri, enquanto autotradutora de Dove mi Trovo (2018) - obra escrita pela autora em italiano e traduzida por ela para a língua inglesa, cuja publicação foi intitulada Whereabouts (2021a). A discussão destaca essa particularidade que recobre tal prática de Lahiri, isto é, o fato de que a referida autotradução deu-se a partir da língua italiana para a língua inglesa, embora a autora, sendo inglesa, de descendência indiana e naturalizada norte-americana, tenha durante muitos anos escrito exclusivamente em inglês. Considerando essa configuração inversa e, com base nas próprias reflexões de Lahiri sobre autotradução, este artigo objetiva compreender como a autora percebe a sua prática.

ABSTRACT This article discusses about self-translation, focusing on the writer Jhumpa Lahiri, as the self-translator of Dove mi Trovo (2018) - a work written by the author in Italian and translated by herself into English, whose publication was entitled Whereabouts (2021a). The discussion highlights this particularity that covers this practice of Lahiri, that is, the fact that the referred self-translation took place from the Italian language to the English language, although the author, being English, of Indian descent and naturalized North American, has for many years written exclusively in English. Considering this inverse configuration and based on Lahiri's own reflections on self-translation, this article aims to understand how the author perceives her practice.

RESUMO As aves são consideradas bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental por serem sensíveis às mudanças ambientais. A avoante (Zenaida auriculata) é associada a áreas abertas, possui baixa sensibilidade às mudanças ambientais e é amplamente distribuída no Brasil, apesar de não ser tipicamente encontrada na Amazônia. Nós analisamos a expansão biogeográfica desta espécie na Amazônia brasileira por meio de buscas em plataformas digitais de ciência cidadã. Os registros obtidos de Z. auriculata foram relacionados com a área de desmatamento acumulado no bioma. Identificamos 804 registros de Z. auriculata na Amazônia brasileira, dos quais 259 em regiões onde sua ocorrência era desconhecida. Nós mostramos que a espécie vem ampliando sua distribuição geográfica em nítida sobreposição com áreas desmatadas.

ABSTRACT Birds are considered bioindicators of environmental quality because they are sensitive to environmental changes. The eared dove (Zenaida auriculata) is associated with open areas, has low sensitivity to environmental changes and is widely distributed in Brazil, although it is not typically found in the Amazon region. We analyzed the biogeographic expansion of this species in the Brazilian Amazon through searches carried out on digital citizen science platforms. The records of Z. auriculata were related with the area of accumulated deforestation in the biome. We identified 804 records of Z. auriculata in the Brazilian Amazon, of which 259 were in areas where its occurrence had been previously unknown. We show that the species has been expanding its geographic distribution, clearly overlapping with deforested areas.

Riassunto Le Cantigas de Santa María 104, 128, 147 e 208 presentano dei miracoli eucaristici dove delle ostie subiscono una trasfigurazione. Le loro fonti non sono ancora state ben definite dalla critica. Questo studio vuole offrire delle nuove ipotesi sui precedenti delle Cantigas 128 e 208, incentrate sul motivo dell’adorazione di un’ostia consacrata da parte di alcune api. Se per la Cantiga 128 si evidenzia l’influenza di una versione contenuta in una collezione miracolistica di provenienza catalana, in quanto portatrice di dettagli condivisi in esclusiva col testo galego medievale, per la Cantiga 208 viene ribadita la presenza, alla base, dell’opera del cistercense tedesco Cesario di Heisterbach, con alcune innovazioni da imputare forse alla stessa corte del sovrano per far fronte ad alcune esigenze dottrinali del tempo.

Abstract The Cantigas de Santa María 104, 128, 147, and 208 present Eucharistic miracles where the hosts undergo a transfiguration. Their sources have not yet been well defined by scholars. This study aims to offer new hypotheses on the precedents of Cantigas 128 and 208, centered on the motif of the adoration of a consecrated host by some bees. If for Cantiga 128 the influence of a version contained in a miraculous collection of Catalan origin is highlighted, as it bears details shared exclusively with the medieval Galician text, for Cantiga 208 the presence is reiterated, at the base, of the work of the Cistercian monk Cesario of Heisterbach, with some innovations to be attributed to the same court of the sovereign to perhaps some doctrinal needs of his time.

Resumen Presentamos nuevos aspectos de la biología reproductiva de la Yerutí Colorada Leptotila rufaxilla, de cinco nidos encontrados entre 2012 y 2014 en un fragmento de bosque de tierras bajas en el suroeste de Brasil. Los nidos con forma simple / plataforma se construyeron a una altura media de 1.90 m sobre el suelo. El tamaño de la puesta fue de dos huevos blancos y elípticos, incubados durante 15 días (basado en tres nidos). Registramos depredación en dos nidos aún en fase de incubación. El peso mínimo al nacer de los pichones fue de 10 g y los polluelos dejaron el nido con una masa media de 56 g. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los pichones fue de 0.40 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 60.7 g. La tasa de supervivencia diaria, Mayfield y el éxito aparente de anidación en el período de incubación fue de 90, 20 y 56%, respectivamente, mientras que en el período de cría fueron todos de 100%. Nuestros datos y el aporte de la ciencia ciudadana mostraron que L. rufaxilla se reproduce durante el año, principalmente en la época de lluvias, tanto en el suroeste de la Amazonia como en otras regiones de ocurrencia.

Abstract We present new aspects of breeding biology of Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla, from five nests found between 2012 and 2014 in a lowland forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. The nests simple/platform shape were built at a mean height of 1.90 m above ground. The clutch size was two eggs white and elliptic, incubated for 15 days (based on three nests). We recorded predation in two nests still in incubation phase. Minimum hatch weight of nestlings was 10 g and young fledged with a mean mass of 56 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.40 with a growth asymptote of 60.7 g. Daily survival rate, Mayfield and apparent nesting success in the incubation period was 90, 20 and 56%, respectively, while in the nestling period were all 100%. Our data and the contribution of citizen science showed that L. rufaxilla breeds over the year, mainly in the rainy season, both in southwestern Amazonia and in other regions of occurrence.

RESUMEN La tórtola turca (Streptopelia decaocto) es una especie invasora y su ámbito de distribución aumenta continuamente. Hoy en día, su expansión incluye el continente americano. En este estudio se describen los efectos que el ambiente urbano tiene sobre la tórtola turca en el este de España. Se muestrearon 46 localidades mediante puntos de conteo. La abundancia de la tórtola turca fue evaluada en 220 puntos de conteo entre otoño de 2015 y finales de invierno 2016. Se utilizó el análisis de partición jerárquica para identificar variables explicativas como recursos, clima y estructura urbana, y presencia humana, que pueden influir en su presencia y abundancia. En el caso de la presencia de la especie, el número de habitantes de la ciudad, parques, temperatura media, vegetación exótica y colegios tuvieron una asociación positiva, mientras que el número de peatones y los restaurantes estuvieron negativamente asociados. La abundancia estuvo positivamente relacionada con la vegetación nativa, vegetación exótica y el agua, mientras que la zona urbana estuvo negativamente asociada. Estos resultados pueden predecir el uso de hábitats urbanos en localidades potenciales para su invasión.

ABSTRACT The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is an invasive species, and its distribution is continuously on the increase. Today its expansion has spread to the American continent. In this study we describe the effects of the urban environment on the Eurasian collared dove in eastern Spain. The abundance and presence of this dove were analyzed in 46 localities using counting points. Overall, 220-point counts were surveyed between autumn 2015 and late-winter 2016. A hierarchical partitioning analysis was used to identify explanatory variables of different types such as resources, climate and urban structure, and human presence, which may influence the presence and abundance of this species. In the case of presence, the number of town inhabitants, parks, mean minimum temperature, exotic vegetation and schools had a positive association, while pedestrian number and restaurants had a negative association. Abundance was positively related to native vegetation, exotic vegetation, and water, while urban area was negatively associated with it. Exotic vegetation was the only variable that has a positive relation to presence and abundance. These results can help to predict the use of urban habitats in potential localities for its invasion.

Food insecurity has increasingly become a topical issue that needs to be addressed before it goes out of hand. The article explores the synergistic relationship that exists between Amartya Sen entitlement and systems theories. The article hypothesises that food insecurity in Matabeleland South Province is mainly caused by a lack of understanding of food security pillars and how all the concepts dove tail into the food security discourse. The article further propounds that, for communities to go out of the food insecurity quagmire, they need to work collaboratively as a system as substantiated by the systems theory. Sen argues that the law stands between food availability and access. This is further simplified as follows: food can be available in the markets but the people might lack the purchasing power to purchase the food. When people try to acquire food through stealing, the law catches on them. On the other hand, the systems theory argues that for a community to function well all the parts should play their roles towards the survival of the whole. The theory further informs that government stakeholders and non-state actors must work together in addressing food insecurity without a clearly defined direction. Interactions with provincial stakeholders, revealed that, a leaf can be borrowed and applied from the two theoretical models to achieve food security in Matabeleland South Province in Zimbabwe.

Abstract This study was done with the purpose of documenting the richness and abundance of wild birds in nine green areas of Sangolquí. Birdlife was recorded by counting points from 06.30 am to 09.30 am, on days without rain from November 11, 2016, until February 18, 2017, through visual and audio detection. Each of the nine sectors was sampled through seven consecutive counting points. The recorded birdlife included a wealth of 29 species with a total of 1.010 birds. The Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata was the most abundant with 292 birds, while the less abundant species, with only one record, were the Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus, the Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii, the Black Vulture Coragyps atratus, the Rusty Flowerpiercer Diglossa sittoides and the Harris´s Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus. The Rock Pigeon, the Rufous collared Sparrow, the Great Thrush, and the Eared Dove are considered synanthropic species for Sangolquí. Finally, it is suggested to restore the shrub cover of green areas to favor the conservation of local birds.

Resumen Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de documentar la riqueza y la abundancia de las aves silvestres en nueve áreas verdes de Sangolquí. Se registró la avifauna mediante puntos de conteo a partir de las 06h30 hasta las 09h30, en días sin lluvia, desde el 11 de noviembre del 2016 hasta el 18 de febrero del 2017, mediante detección visual y auditiva. Cada uno de los nueve sectores fue muestreado a través de siete puntos de conteo consecutivos. La avifauna registrada incluyó una riqueza de 29 especies con un total de 1.010 individuos registrados. La Tórtola Orejuda Zenaida auriculata fue la más abundante con 292 individuos, mientras que las especies menos abundantes, con un solo registro, fueron el Zorzal de Swainson Catharus ustulatus, Carpintero dorsicar mesi Colaptes rivolii, Gallinazo Negro Coragyps atratus, Pinchaflor Pechicanelo Diglossa sittoides y el Gavilán Alicastaño Parabuteo unicinctus. La Paloma Doméstica, el Gorrión, el Mirlo Grande y Tórtola Orejuda se consideran especies sinantrópicas para Sangolquí. Finalmente, se sugiere restaurar la cobertura arbustiva de las áreas verdes para favorecer la conservación de las aves locales.

Riassunto Vengono esaminati i nodi traumatici connessi alla migrazione e allo sradicamento soprattutto nelle situazioni adolescenziali. In particolare vengono analizzate le memorie traumatiche e le trasformazioni dei vissuti corporei nei transiti migratori. Infine una particolare attenzione è dedicata alle complesse dinamiche relazionali che si stabiliscono nei centri di accoglienza dove spesso gli operatori si ritrovano a ‘raccogliere’ nelle loro menti gli elementi traumatici insostenibili che i migranti portano con sé.

Abstract The article examines traumatic nodes related to migration and rootlessness, especially in adolescent situations. In particular the traumatic memories and the transformations of body experiences in the migratory transits are analyzed. Finally, particular attention is given to the complex relational dynamics that are established in accommodation centers where operators are often “collecting” in their minds unsustainable traumatic elements that immigrants bring with them.