Abstract Within the justice system, asymmetrical power relations make the testimonies of women/victims of harassment and sexual and domestic violence appear unconvincing to courts and judges. Based on an analysis of an action for protection and two court rulings, this article reveals a framework of epistemic (contextual) and hermeneutic (interpretative) injustice. The testimonies of the victims of gender-based violence were listened to with scepticism and were not understood. The rulings reveal three common elements that run through Ecuador’s justice system: 1) despite the facts of violence and the proven involvement of the aggressors, the interpretation is inadequate, and the harm caused to the victim is not confronted; 2) the application of the law favours men over women; 3) in the courts, the understanding of the harm to the victim is often not approached from a gender-based violence perspective.

Resumen Dentro del sistema de administración de justicia, las relaciones de poder asimétricas hacen que los testimonios de las mujeres-víctimas de acoso y de violencia sexual e intrafamiliar parezcan poco convincentes para tribunales y jueces. A partir del análisis de una acción de protección y dos sentencias, este artículo revela un marco de injusticia epistémica (contextual) y hermenéutica (de interpretación). Los testimonios de las víctimas de violencia basada en género fueron escuchados con escepticismo y no fueron comprendidos. Las sentencias revelan tres elementos comunes que atraviesan el sistema de justicia de Ecuador: 1) pese a los hechos de violencia y la participación comprobada de los agresores, la interpretación es inadecuada y no se confrontan los daños ocasionados en la víctima; 2) la aplicación de la norma favorece a los hombres antes que las mujeres; 3) en los tribunales, la comprensión del daño hacia la víctima no suele abordarse desde el enfoque de la violencia de género.

Violence manifests in various ways in healthcare, including trauma from an undifferentiated patient, psychosomatic illness, substance abuse or dependency and mental health challenges. Different forms of violence exist, such as intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, elder abuse, sexual violence, self-directed violence and collective violence. These may be included in domestic violence or exist as standalone forms. Health practitioners play a pivotal role in managing incidents of domestic violence. This article highlights the definitions in the Amended Domestic Violence Act of 2021 and suggests screening options for domestic violence. The authors also suggest screening tools, a management flow diagram and contact numbers for resources. Domestic violence can be a generational curse that compromises biopsychosocial wellbeing. To break the perceived culture of violence, healthcare workers play a pivotal role in screening and management, as well as the mandatory reporting of domestic violence when children and the elderly are sharing such a household.

Abstract: The study analyzed domestic violence against children in Brazil, focusing on patriarchy and social protection policies. Based on secondary data from news articles published between March 2020 and August 2021, 134 reports involving 150 children were identified, with a predominance of boys (64%) and an average age of 5.5 years, where the father was the main aggressor (31,3%). Increased cases were noted during the social distancing caused by covid-19, challenging the idealized view of the family as a safe space.

Resumo: O estudo analisou a violência doméstica contra crianças no Brasil, focando o patriarcado e as políticas de proteção social. Com base em dados secundários de notícias publicadas entre março de 2020 e agosto de 2021, identificaram-se 134 matérias envolvendo 150 crianças, predominando meninos (64%) e idades médias de 5,5 anos, sendo o pai o principal agressor (31,3%). Notou-se um aumento dos casos com o distanciamento social da covid-19, desafiando a visão idealizada da família como um espaço seguro.

Domestic violence and abusive divorce practices remain significant issues in contemporary societies. This article presents a New Testament perspective on addressing these injustices, sdemonstrating how prevailing views on adultery and deplorable divorce practices exacerbated the vulnerability of women within the patriarchal society of the time. This article examined Jesus's two antithetical arguments in the Sermon on the Mount against the abusive practices of adultery and divorce, highlighting his protective stance towards women. It explores Jesus's opposition to unjust divorce practices and their relationship with adultery, emphasising the importance of inner purity and the necessity for men to regulate their thoughts and desires to uphold the sanctity of marriage. CONTRIBUTION: This article illustrated how misinterpretations of adultery and divorce practices further aggravated the vulnerability of women in that era. Although Jesus's theses were directed towards his followers, the findings of this study underscored the urgent need for societal reform and the establishment of robust support systems to combat and prevent abuse against women.

Este artigo objetivou identificar estratégias de atendimento a situações de violência contra a mulher por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que articula fontes documentais de prontuários e entrevistas. As informações primárias foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas com 16 mulheres e as secundárias foram levantadas de 14 prontuários dos serviços de saúde de referência das mulheres. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que os profissionais de saúde reiteraram a violência por parceiro íntimo como fenômeno doméstico restrito ao ambiente privado e/ou a medicalizaram com anti-inflamatórios e benzodiazepínicos. Desse modo, a violência contra a mulher ou foi invisibilizada, ou foi medicalizada, sem nunca ser considerada uma abordagem integral do conceito de saúde e doença.

El objetivo de este artículo es la identificación de estrategias de atención a situaciones de violencia contra la mujer por parte de profesionales de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que articula fuentes documentales de fichas y entrevistas. Las informaciones primarias se obtuvieron por medio de entrevistas con 16 mujeres y las secundarias tuvieron origen en 14 fichas de los servicios de salud de referencia de las mujeres. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que los profesionales de la salud reiteraron la violencia por parte de un compañero íntimo como un fenómeno doméstico limitado al ambiente privado y/o la medicalizaron con antiinflamatorios o benzodiazepinas. De tal forma, la violencia contra la mujer o fue invisibilizada, o fue medicalizada, sin nunca haberse considerado un abordaje integral del concepto de salud y enfermedad.

The aim of this study was to identify care strategies used by primary health care professionals in situations of violence against women. We conducted a qualitative study using primary data obtained from interviews with 16 women and secondary data from 14 patient medical records in women’s health services. The findings reveal that health professionals reaffirmed intimate partner violence as a domestic phenomenon limited to private settings and/or medicalized the problem with anti-inflammatory drugs and benzodiazepines. Violence against women was therefore either rendered invisible or medicalized, without ever considering a comprehensive approach to the concept of health and disease.

The aim of this study was to identify care strategies used by primary health care professionals in situations of violence against women. We conducted a qualitative study using primary data obtained from interviews with 16 women and secondary data from 14 patient medical records in women’s health services. The findings reveal that health professionals reaffirmed intimate partner violence as a domestic phenomenon limited to private settings and/or medicalized the problem with anti-inflammatory drugs and benzodiazepines. Violence against women was therefore either rendered invisible or medicalized, without ever considering a comprehensive approach to the concept of health and disease. 1 womens s services andor antiinflammatory anti inflammatory benzodiazepines disease

Este artigo objetivou identificar estratégias de atendimento a situações de violência contra a mulher por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que articula fontes documentais de prontuários e entrevistas. As informações primárias foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas com 16 mulheres e as secundárias foram levantadas de 14 prontuários dos serviços de saúde de referência das mulheres. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que os profissionais de saúde reiteraram a violência por parceiro íntimo como fenômeno doméstico restrito ao ambiente privado e/ou a medicalizaram com anti-inflamatórios e benzodiazepínicos. Desse modo, a violência contra a mulher ou foi invisibilizada, ou foi medicalizada, sem nunca ser considerada uma abordagem integral do conceito de saúde e doença. APS. APS . (APS) Tratase Trata se 1 eou antiinflamatórios anti inflamatórios benzodiazepínicos modo invisibilizada medicalizada doença (APS

El objetivo de este artículo es la identificación de estrategias de atención a situaciones de violencia contra la mujer por parte de profesionales de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que articula fuentes documentales de fichas y entrevistas. Las informaciones primarias se obtuvieron por medio de entrevistas con 16 mujeres y las secundarias tuvieron origen en 14 fichas de los servicios de salud de referencia de las mujeres. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que los profesionales de la salud reiteraron la violencia por parte de un compañero íntimo como un fenómeno doméstico limitado al ambiente privado y/o la medicalizaron con antiinflamatorios o benzodiazepinas. De tal forma, la violencia contra la mujer o fue invisibilizada, o fue medicalizada, sin nunca haberse considerado un abordaje integral del concepto de salud y enfermedad. APS. APS . (APS) 1 yo benzodiazepinas forma invisibilizada medicalizada enfermedad (APS

Resumen A partir de la idea del espacio doméstico como un espacio aprehensor, el artículo pretende reflexionar sobre las formas de violencia que, en la novela Tomar tu mano (2021), de Claudia Hernández, experimentan los sujetos femeninos representados. El espacio doméstico, en el caso de este texto literario, parece conformarse como una extensión del ámbito de la guerra y de su lógica de dominación, la cual, consecuentemente, afecta a las mujeres protagonistas en sus propios cuerpos, muchas veces controlados por los designios de los sujetos masculinos con los que se relacionan y con los que constituyen familias. Así, se analizará el espacio doméstico expuesto en el texto y se entenderá como un régimen que oprime y somete a las mujeres hasta el punto de condenarlas a una vida subordinada. Finalmente, el espacio doméstico es, en el trabajo de Hernández, una suerte de “veredicto social”, encubierto por emociones como el amor o la felicidad, las cuales funcionan como una trampa patriarcal.

Abstract From the idea of the domestic space as an apprehending space, the article aims to reflect on the forms of violence that, in the novel Tomar tu mano (2021), by Claudia Hernández, the represented female subjects experience. The domestic space, in the case of this literary text, seems to be formed as an extension of the scope of war and its logic of domination, which, consequently, affects the female protagonists in their own bodies, often controlled by the designs of the male subjects with whom they relate and with whom they form families. Thus, the domestic space exposed in the text will be analyzed and understood as a regime that oppresses women to the point of condemning them to a subordinate life. Finally, the domestic space is, in Hernández’s work, a kind of “social verdict”, covered by emotions such as love or happiness, which function as a patriarchal trap.

RESUMEN Se presenta un análisis de los principales determinantes de la violencia familiar, según el enfoque ecológico contextual y se identifican las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para la presencia de este fenómeno en los municipios de Quintana Roo, México, mediante el análisis cualitativo comparado para datos nítidos (csQCA) complementado con técnicas de teoría de la información para análisis comparativo. Se ofrece una breve revisión documental acerca del concepto y abordaje epistémico de la violencia familiar, sus consecuencias y la magnitud del problema, para posteriormente aplicar la metodología QCA y discutir los resultados. Se ha encontrado que existen cuatro variables cuya combinación puede generar altas tasas de violencia familiar en los municipios, a saber: una mayoría poblacional sin afiliación religiosa, altas tasas de disrupción familiar, una mayoría poblacional que no es protestante o evangélica y población mayoritariamente urbana.

ABSTRACT An analysis of the main determinants of family violence is presented, according to the contextual ecological approach, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the presence of this phenomenon in the municipalities of Quintana Roo, Mexico, are identified through comparative qualitative analysis for clear data ( csQCA) complemented with information theory techniques for comparative analysis. A brief documentary review is offered about the concept and epistemic approach to family violence, its consequences and the magnitude of the problem, to later apply the QCA methodology and discuss the results. It has been found that there are four variables whose combination can generate high rates of family violence in municipalities, namely: a population majority without religious affiliation, high rates of family disruption, a population majority that is not Protestant or evangelical, and a majority urban population.

Abstract The article explains how the affirmative consent reform expanded the concept of sexual violence in an unprecedented way compared to previous regulatory models. This expansive effect was concentrated in the new basic concept of sexual assault, which equated violent and abusive forms of commission. In this way, the aim was to overcome the protection deficit that sexual offences presented in comparison with other areas of the special part of criminal law and primarily with domestic violence, an area into which the broad concept of gender violence had penetrated. The necessary adjustments to maintain proportionality in the system, especially the lowering of the penal frameworks, brought about a crisis in the system due to the retroactive application of the most favourable criminal law. The urgent counter-reform of LO 4/2023 reinstated part of the original structure of sexual offences in the Penal Code. Through the panoramic exposition of the changes in the type of sexual assault, the effectiveness and performance of the resulting regulatory model is evaluated, concluding that the problems of legal qualification and graduation of the borderline situations of violence and its equivalent forms are not overcome.

Resumen El artículo expone cómo la reforma del consentimiento afirmativo en el Código Penal español amplió el concepto de violencia típica sexual de forma inusitada respecto de los modelos regulatorios anteriores. Este efecto expansivo se concentró en la nueva figura básica de agresión sexual que equiparó las formas de comisión violentas y abusivas. De este modo, se quiso superar el déficit proteccional que los delitos sexuales presentaban frente a otras áreas de la parte especial y frente a la violencia doméstica, ámbito en el que había penetrado el concepto amplio de violencia de género. Los ajustes necesarios para mantener la proporcionalidad en el sistema, sobre todo la rebaja en los marcos penales, trajo consigo una crisis del sistema por la aplicación retroactiva de la ley penal más favorable. La urgente contrareforma de la LO 4/2023 restableció parte de la estructura original de los delitos sexuales del Código penal de 1995. A través de la exposición panorámica de los cambios en el tipo de agresión sexual, se evalúa la eficacia y rendimiento del modelo regulatorio resultante, concluyendo que no se superan los problemas de calificación jurídica y graduación de las situaciones fronterizas de la conducta violenta y sus formas equiparadas.

RESUMEN Introducción: La violencia intrafamiliar en las gestantes se considera un grave problema de salud pública que afecta el bienestar de la madre y el hijo. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la violencia intrafamiliar en gestantes del Centro Materno Infantil Tablada de Lurín en el periodo 2021-2022. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. La población de estudio son las gestantes del Centro Materno Infantil Tablada de Lurín. Resultados: La violencia intrafamiliar se presentó en un 15.63 %. Se identificó que las gestantes con más de cuatro hijos presentaron mayor frecuencia de sufrir violencia intrafamiliar en comparación con las que tenían menor o igual a dos hijos (RP= 3.63; IC95 %: 2.44-5.39). La edad de las gestantes violentadas fue de 29.9 años; esto es significativo en el análisis bivariado con un RP de 1.99 (IC95 %: 1.005-2.038). Conclusiones: Se encontró que las gestantes que sufrieron violencia familiar representaron un 15.6 %. Las que tenían más de cuatro hijos tuvieron mayor frecuencia de sufrir violencia intrafamiliar a diferencia de las mujeres con menos de dos hijos; la edad promedio de las gestantes violentadas fue de 29.9 años.

ABSTRACT Introduction : Domestic violence in pregnant women is considered a serious public health problem that affects the well-being of the mother and child. Objective : To determine the factors associated with intrafamily violence in pregnant women at the Tablada de Lurín Maternal and Child Health Center during the period 2021-2022. Methods : Analytical cross-sectional study. The clinical histories of a first level health center were used. The main variable was domestic violence; the independent variables were demographic and social characteristics, number of children and previous illness. Results : Domestic violence occurred in 15.63%. In the first simple regression analysis, it was found that pregnant women with more than 4 children, with a confidence interval of 2.44, presented a higher frequency of suffering intrafamily violence compared to pregnant women who had less than or equal to 2 children. In the second multiple regression analysis, it was observed that pregnant women with more than 4 children presented a higher frequency of suffering intrafamily violence compared to pregnant women who had less than or equal to 2 children. Conclusions: It was found that pregnant women who suffered family violence represented 15.6%. Those who had more than four children were more likely to suffer domestic violence than women with less than two children; the average age of the raped pregnant women was 29.9 years

Resumo Introdução: A Atenção Primária em Saúde desempenha um papel crucial no atendimento de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica, sendo a porta de entrada para as usuárias. Objetivo: compreender a percepção de profissionais da saúde sobre o atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório, realizado em agosto de 2023 com 20 profissionais de saúde em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Resultados: Os profissionais revelaram desconhecimento sobre como lidar e de fluxo existente no município, dificuldades no atendimento das mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e estratégias para conduzir o atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. A subnotificação da violência doméstica é atribuída à inexperiência e falta de capacitação dos profissionais, além de obstáculos como estrutura física inadequada e sobrecarga de trabalho. Considerações finais: Sugere-se a reflexão sobre a criação de um fluxograma na Atenção Primária em Saúde, protocolos orientadores, o desenvolvimento contínuo de ferramentas e capacitações e mais pesquisas são essenciais.

Abstract Introduction: Primary Health Care plays a crucial role in the support of women experiencing domestic violence, serving as the entry point for users. Objective: To understand the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the care provided to women experiencing domestic violence. Methodology: A descriptive-exploratory qualitative study conducted in August 2023 with 20 healthcare professionals in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Results: The professionals revealed a lack of knowledge about how to handle and the existing flow in the municipality, difficulties in attending to women who are victims of domestic violence, and strategies for managing care for these women. The underreporting of domestic violence is attributed to professionals' inexperience and lack of training, as well as obstacles such as inadequate physical infrastructure and work overload. Final Considerations: It is suggested to reflect on creating a flowchart in Primary Health Care, developing guiding protocols, and the continuous development of tools and training. Further research is essential.

Abstract Domestic violence affects all social and economic classes and age groups, but this type of public crime has traditionally not been linked to the workplace. This study sought to provide a new perspective on domestic violence by focusing on how it can be addressed in work contexts. Qualitative research was conducted based on a focus group to clarify what companies in Portugal's Algarve region know about this crime and its repercussions for the workplace. The results include recurring themes, such as domestic violence as a taboo subject, the difficulty of detecting this crime at work despite extant well-established indicators of this problem, its repercussions for teams, unawareness of specifically related labour laws and the need to train and inform workers. The findings also cover two emerging topics - corporate social responsibility and occupational health - as intervention areas. Given these results, an action plan was developed to be implemented in organisations in order to provide support to employees who are domestic violence victims.

Resumo A violência doméstica afeta todas as classes sociais e económicas e faixas etárias, mas este tipo de crime público não tem sido tradicionalmente associado ao local de trabalho. Este estudo procurou oferecer uma nova perspetiva sobre a violência doméstica, focando-se na forma como pode ser abordada em contextos de trabalho. Foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa com base num grupo de discussão focalizada para esclarecer o que as empresas da região algarvia de Portugal sabem sobre este crime e as suas repercussões para o local de trabalho. Os resultados incluem temas recorrentes, como a violência doméstica como tema tabu, a dificuldade em detetar este crime no trabalho apesar da existência de indicadores bem estabelecidos deste problema, as suas repercussões para as equipas, o desconhecimento de leis laborais específicas e a necessidade de formar e informar os trabalhadores. Os resultados abrangem ainda dois temas emergentes - responsabilidade social corporativa e saúde ocupacional - como áreas de intervenção. Tendo em conta os resultados, foi desenvolvido um plano de ação para ser implementado nas organizações, a fim de prestar apoio aos colaboradores vítimas de violência doméstica.

Abstract Violence against indigenous peoples has notably increased in recent years, and its news has been consequent on the violence faced by defenders of their rights. This article aims to explain this pattern of violence, demonstrating how legal uncertainty within the demarcation process encourages indigenous people and landowners to go to war. Through the study of the case of the Xukuru People of Ororubá, we describe two major violent events to demonstrate the set of threats, murders, autonomous retaking of demarcated territory, and institutional violence incidents by the police, Federal Public Prosecutor's Office and FUNAI. We rationalize these facts in a game theory matrix to demonstrate that the legal insecurity of the territory under demarcation leads both sides, as rational actors, to act and use all available resources to defeat the opponent, generating a suboptimal balance. This result leads to two outspreads. First, Brazil's failure to comply with the obligation to provide domestic legal effects allows the courts to adopt a legal thesis that conditions the effectiveness of territorial rights to Funai's budget. Second, an informal institutional arrangement translated into the permanence of the territory with non-indigenous people's rule. It was identified by the set of sanctions that the literature called the enemy's logic, composed of the criminalization of indigenous leaders and human rights defenders, as well as the distortion of purpose in the performance of public bodies. Therefore, this work contributes to the literature of Indigenous Law, Constitutional Law, and International Human Rights Law by offering a causal link between state omission and physical and institutional violence. years war Ororubá threats murders police Prosecutors Prosecutor s FUNAI sides actors opponent balance outspreads First Brazils Brazil Funais Funai budget Second nonindigenous non rule enemys enemy logic bodies Therefore

Resumo A violência contra povos indígenas e seus membros aumentou de maneira notável nos últimos anos, cujas notícias têm sido acompanhadas pela violência enfrentada por defensores de seus direitos. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma explicação para este padrão de violência, demonstrando como a insegurança jurídica dentro do processo demarcatório incentiva povos indígenas e proprietários a entrar em guerra. Através do estudo do caso do Povo Xukuru do Ororubá, descrevemos dois grandes eventos de violência enfrentados para demonstrar o conjunto de ameaças, assassinatos, retomadas autônomas de território demarcado e violência institucional exercida pelas polícias, Ministério Público Federal e Funai. Racionalizamos esses fatos numa matriz de teoria dos jogos para demonstrar que a indefinição da situação do território em demarcação leva ambos os lados, como atores racionais, a agir ao invés de se omitir, utilizando todos os recursos disponíveis para derrotar o oponente e gerando um equilíbrio subótimo. Este resultado leva a dois grandes desdobramentos. Primeiro, o descumprimento pelo Brasil da obrigação de prover dispositivos de direito interno a permitir com que os tribunais adotem tese jurídica que condiciona a eficácia dos direitos territoriais ao orçamento da Funai. Segundo, a existência de um arranjo institucional informal traduzido na permanência do território com os não-indígenas e identificado pela existência de sanções que a literatura denomina como lógica do inimigo, composta pela criminalização de lideranças indígenas e defensores de direitos humanos, assim como pelo desvirtuamento de finalidade na atuação de órgãos públicos. Desta feita, este trabalho contribui para a literatura do Direito Indigenista, Direito Constitucional e Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos ao oferecer um nexo de causalidade entre a omissão do estado e a violência física e institucional. anos guerra Ororubá ameaças assassinatos polícias Funai lados racionais omitir subótimo desdobramentos Primeiro Segundo nãoindígenas não inimigo humanos públicos feita Indigenista

Resumen La violencia doméstica es un problema relevante en relación con el género, como se pone de manifiesto, por ejemplo, en la creación desde hace décadas de institucionalidad jurídica internacional y nacional para el control de esta problemática. Con todo, dado el carácter estructural de esta violencia y su relación con esquemas patriarcales arraigados en lo social, resulta difícil que la mediación del derecho por sí misma redunde en un cumplimiento total de este compromiso. Este trabajo contribuye a una comprensión novedosa y situada de la intervención de la legalidad en la violencia de género del espacio doméstico. La novedad radica en lo que nos permite visualizar la noción de conciencia jurídica como marco analítico, esto es, el modo en que la legalidad sostiene su poder, a pesar de la constante incompletitud del cumplimiento de sus promesas. Para capturar esta cuestión se utilizó el método etnográfico aplicado a dos tribunales de familia de Chile. El trabajo de campo nos muestra que los tribunales de familia utilizan la noción de riesgo con miras a disponer de medidas cautelares, cuestión que permite una intervención en las experiencias de vida de las denunciantes. Es así como se transforma en acto la promesa de control de este tipo de violencia de género que se hace a través del derecho.

Abstract Domestic violence is a relevant problem about gender; this is manifested, for example, in the creation of long-standing international and national legal institutions to control this problem. However, given the structural nature of this violence and its relationship with patriarchal schemes rooted in society, it is difficult for the mediation of law by itself to result in the total fulfillment of this commitment. This work contributes to a novel and situated understanding of the intervention of legality in gender-based violence in the domestic sphere. The novelty lies in visualizing the notion of legal consciousness as an analytical framework, i.e., how legality sustains its power despite constant failure to fulfill its promises. The ethnographic method was applied to two family courts to discuss this issue. The fieldwork reveals that family courts use the notion of risk to provide preventive measures, which allows intervention in the life experiences of complainants. This is how the promise of control of this type of gender-based violence that is made through law is transformed into action.

Abstract This work pursues answering the following question: what is the appropriate interpretative perspective to understand the crime of intrafamilial psychological violence sanctioned in art. 14 of Law 20.066? To answer this question, a general comparative exercise is made between the legislation of Chile and Scotland on domestic violence. Typically, it is assumed that, since it is a crime that undermines an individual’s health, it consists of a particular form of assault. However, this work will suggest that psychological violence should be understood as another type of crime. In particular, it will be proposed that it should be interpreted as a crime undermining personal autonomy, similar in structure to threats than assault. The particularities of this crime will make it necessary to explore, in this paper, not only issues related to its structure as a precept of criminal law but also the type of social phenomenon the legislation seeks to address and the explanatory framework capable of interpreting it.

Resumen Este trabajo persigue responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál es la perspectiva interpretativa apropiada para comprender el delito violencia psicológica intrafamiliar sancionado en el art. 14 de la Ley 20.066? Para responder la pregunta, se hace un ejercicio comparativo general entre la legislación de Chile y Escocia sobre violencia intrafamiliar. Normalmente, se asume que, como se trata de un delito que afecta la salud individual, este consiste en una forma especial de lesiones corporales. No obstante, este trabajo sugerirá que la violencia psicológica debe ser comprendida como otra clase de delito. En particular, se propondrá que debe ser interpretado como un delito que afecta la autonomía personal, semejante, en estructura, más a los delitos de amenazas que a los delitos de lesiones corporales. Las particularidades de este delito harán necesario explorar no sólo cuestiones atinentes a su estructura como precepto jurídico-penal, sino el tipo de fenómeno social que la legislación pretende abordar y el marco explicativo que es capaz de interpretarlo.