RESUMO: A mangueira apresenta elevado índice de abscisão de frutos, que é potencializado em regiões semiáridas devido ao estresse ambiental. A utilização de bioestimulantes e fitorreguladores tem demonstrado ser uma estratégia promissora para melhorar a fixação de frutos. Assim, o presente estudo foi realizado com objetivo de definir a melhor estratégia para a fixação e desenvolvimento dos frutos, com a aplicação de fitorreguladores e bioestimulante na mangueira ‘Keitt’, cultivada no Vale do São Francisco. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento 1, foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos T1: controle, T2: ácido giberélico AG3 + ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), T3: AG3+2,4-D+Benziladenina, T4: Bioestimulante + CoMo® (fontes de cobalto e molibdênio). No experimento 2, o esquema fatorial (2 ×3 + 1), correspondendo a duas formas de fertilização de potássio (recomendada e ajustada), três concentrações de giberelina (0, 10 e 20 mg L-1) e um tratamento adicional (controle - fertilização de potássio recomendada e sem estratégia de fixação). As variáveis analisadas incluem o número relativo de frutos, o número de frutos para os mercados doméstico e estrangeiro, o potencial produtivo, a produção, a produtividade, o volume de frutos, a massa dos frutos e o rendimento da casca, polpa e semente. A aplicação de 10 mg L-1 AG3 + 10 mg L-1 2,4-D + 10 mg L-1 de Benziladenina em floração plena da mangueira ‘Keitt’, aumentou a fixação e a produção de frutos. Independentemente da fertilização, as aplicações sequenciais de 10 ou 20 mg L-1 de AG3, mostraram ser uma estratégia eficaz para a produção da mangueira ‘Keitt’. A fertilização potássica ajustada e a aplicação de 10 mg L-1 de AG3 favorece a produção de frutos de maior a massa e o volume. RESUMO ambiental Assim ‘Keitt, Keitt ‘Keitt , ‘Keitt’ Francisco experimentos 1 casualizados T1 T controle T2 AG 2,4diclorofenoxiacético 24diclorofenoxiacético diclorofenoxiacético 2,4 2 4 2,4D, 24D D (2,4-D) T3 AG3+2,4D+Benziladenina, AG324DBenziladenina AGDBenziladenina AG3+2,4 D+Benziladenina, AG3+2,4-D+Benziladenina T4 CoMo fontes molibdênio. molibdênio . molibdênio) ( 3 × 1) ajustada, ajustada) 0, 0 (0 L1 L fixação. fixação) estrangeiro produtivo produtividade casca semente L- 2,4D ‘Keitt. 4diclorofenoxiacético 24 4D (2,4-D AG3+2,4D+Benziladenina DBenziladenina AG324 AG3+2, D+Benziladenina AG32 AG3+2 AG3+

ABSTRACT: The mango tree presents a high level of fruit abscission, which is increased in semiarid regions due to environmental stress. The use of biostimulants and phytoregulators has shown to be a promising strategy to improve fruit setting. Thus, the present study defined the best strategy for setting and development of the fruit, with the application of phytoregulators and biostimulants on the ‘Keitt’ mango tree, cultivated in the São Francisco Valley. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, a randomized block design was used, with four treatments T1: control, T2: gibberellic acid (AG3) + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), T3: AG3 + 2,4-D+Benzyladenine, T4: Biostimulant + CoMo® (sources of cobalt and molybdenum). In experiment 2, the factorial scheme (2 ×3 + 1) distributed in randomized blocks was established, corresponding to two forms of potassium fertilization (recommended and adjusted), three gibberellin concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg L-1) and additional treatment (control - recommended potassium fertilization and no setting strategy). The variables analyzed include the relative number of fruits, the number of fruits for domestic and foreign markets, productive potential, production, productivity, fruit volume, fruit mass, and the yield of peel, pulp and stone. The application of 10 mg L-1 AG3 + 10 mg L-1 2,4-D + 10 mg L-1 Benzyladenine in full flowering of the ‘Keitt’ mango tree, increased the setting and the production of the fruit. Regardless of fertilization, sequential applications at 10 or 20 mg L-1 of AG3 proved to be an effective strategy to produce ‘Keitt’ mango tree. Adjusted potassium fertilization and the application at 10 mg L-1 of AG3 promotes the production of fruits with greater mass and volume. ABSTRACT abscission stress Thus ‘Keitt Keitt Valley performed 1 used T1 T control T2 AG (AG3 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic 24dichlorophenoxyacetic dichlorophenoxyacetic 2,4 2 4 2,4D, 24D D , (2,4-D) T3 2,4D+Benzyladenine, 24DBenzyladenine DBenzyladenine D+Benzyladenine, 2,4-D+Benzyladenine T4 CoMo sources molybdenum. molybdenum . molybdenum) ( 3 × established adjusted, adjusted adjusted) 0, 0 (0 L1 L strategy. strategy) markets potential productivity volume peel stone L- 2,4D (AG 4dichlorophenoxyacetic 24 4D (2,4-D 2,4D+Benzyladenine D+Benzyladenine

Resumen Este artículo analiza el rol del Estado en relación con el Programa Hogar y el sentido que las beneficiarias le otorgan. En un inicio concebido como un esquema de asistencia para suplir los problemas de acceso a gas de consumo doméstico mediante la entrega de bombonas en los hogares, el programa devino en una transferencia monetaria directa. Este mecanismo es insuficiente, dado que, en un contexto de escasez y ausencia de empleo formal, las jefas de hogar emplean el dinero para sufragar gastos de la canasta básica. La ineficiencia del Estado, junto con capacidades comunitarias-barriales menoscabadas para visibilizar problemas y hacer demandas, hace que el programa, en realidad, no produzca beneficiarias. En conclusión, el Estado argentino lleva a cabo prestaciones parciales que no cubren las necesidades de los hogares vulnerables; asimismo, la dinámica del Programa Hogar podría cumplir objetivos relevantes si examinase y ajustase su enfoque de derechos.

Abstract This article analyses the role of the Argentinian state concerning the Home Programme and the meaning beneficiaries give to it. Originally conceived as an assistance scheme to overcome problems of access to gas for domestic consumption through the delivery of gas cylinders to households, the programme became a direct monetary transfer. In a context of scarcity and lack of formal employment, the mechanism is insufficient given that female heads of household use the money to cover basic food basket expenses. The inefficiency of the state and the undermining of community and neighbourhood capacities to make problems visible and make demands would mean that the programme does not produce beneficiaries. In conclusion, the state carries out partial benefits that do not cover the needs of vulnerable households; likewise, the "Home Programme" dynamics could fulfil relevant objectives if it examines and adjusts its focus on rights.

Abstract From the idea of the domestic space as an apprehending space, the article aims to reflect on the forms of violence that, in the novel Tomar tu mano (2021), by Claudia Hernández, the represented female subjects experience. The domestic space, in the case of this literary text, seems to be formed as an extension of the scope of war and its logic of domination, which, consequently, affects the female protagonists in their own bodies, often controlled by the designs of the male subjects with whom they relate and with whom they form families. Thus, the domestic space exposed in the text will be analyzed and understood as a regime that oppresses women to the point of condemning them to a subordinate life. Finally, the domestic space is, in Hernández’s work, a kind of “social verdict”, covered by emotions such as love or happiness, which function as a patriarchal trap.

Resumen A partir de la idea del espacio doméstico como un espacio aprehensor, el artículo pretende reflexionar sobre las formas de violencia que, en la novela Tomar tu mano (2021), de Claudia Hernández, experimentan los sujetos femeninos representados. El espacio doméstico, en el caso de este texto literario, parece conformarse como una extensión del ámbito de la guerra y de su lógica de dominación, la cual, consecuentemente, afecta a las mujeres protagonistas en sus propios cuerpos, muchas veces controlados por los designios de los sujetos masculinos con los que se relacionan y con los que constituyen familias. Así, se analizará el espacio doméstico expuesto en el texto y se entenderá como un régimen que oprime y somete a las mujeres hasta el punto de condenarlas a una vida subordinada. Finalmente, el espacio doméstico es, en el trabajo de Hernández, una suerte de “veredicto social”, encubierto por emociones como el amor o la felicidad, las cuales funcionan como una trampa patriarcal.

Abstract Introduction: The River Tambo basin is one of the main hydrographic systems of the Peruvian western watershed, being a source of development for agriculture, agroindustry, livestock, and domestic use in the Tambo Valley and Arequipa City. Objective: To analyze the structure of macroinvertebrates in River Tambo, Perú and assess the water quality through this community. Methods: Five sampling events were conducted between December 2018 and November 2019 in 12 stations, using a Surber net (500 μm). Macroinvertebrates were identified at a family level. To assess community structure, richness, Simpson’s dominance index (D), Pielou’s evenness (J’), and true diversity of order 1 were determined. A nMDS based on the Bray-Curtis index was used to evaluate dissimilarity. To check for differences in community structure, ANOSIM and two-way MANOVA were used. SIMPER was used to establish family contribution to sample similarity. Relations between physicochemical and biological variables were determined by CCA. ABI index was applied to assess ecological quality. Results: 32 families were recognized, being the most abundant: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae, and Elmidae. The middle and low zones of the basin showed the highest and lowest diversity respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the community structure indices among the 12 stations differed. There was a higher similarity among the 12 stations in December. ABI scores increased from the low to the middle part of the river, which showed the highest ecological quality. Conclusion: Macroinvertebrate communities from River Tambo reflect ecosystem conditions. Environments impacted by human activities show lower diversity and ecological quality, due to the structure, habitat, and water quality of the river being altered.

Resumen Introducción: La cuenca del rio Tambo es uno de los principales sistemas hidrográficos de la vertiente occidental del Perú y fuente de desarrollo para la agricultura, agroindustria, ganadería y consumo doméstico en el valle de Tambo y la ciudad de Arequipa. Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de macroinvertebrados en el río Tambo, Perú y evaluar la calidad del agua a través de esta comunidad. Métodos: Entre diciembre del 2018 y noviembre del 2019 se realizaron cinco muestreos en 12 estaciones, empleando una red Surber (500 μm). Los macroinvertebrados se identificaron a nivel de familia. Se registró la riqueza, dominancia de Simpson, equidad de Pielou, y diversidad verdadera de orden 1, para evaluar la estructura de la comunidad. Para estimar la similitud, se utilizó nMDS (índice de Bray-Curtis). Para verificar si existen diferencias en la estructura comunitaria, se empleó MANOVA de dos vías y ANOSIM. Para establecer la contribución de las familias a la similitud entre muestras, se utilizó SIMPER. La relación entre variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas se determinó con ACC. Se aplicó el índice ABI para evaluar la calidad ecológica. Resultados: se reconocieron 32 familias, siendo las más abundantes: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae y Elmidae. La mayor y menor diversidad se presentó en la parte media y baja de la cuenca respectivamente. Existieron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) de los índices de estructura comunitaria entre las 12 estaciones. Se evidenció mayor similitud entre las 12 estaciones en diciembre. Los puntajes del índice ABI se incrementan de la parte baja del río a la media, que se presentó la mejor calidad ecológica. Conclusión: Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados del río Tambo reflejan el estado del ecosistema. Los ambientes con impacto por actividad humana registran menor diversidad y calidad ecológica, ya que se altera la estructura, hábitat y calidad de agua del río.

Abstract. Drawing on testimonies about migratory labor, kinship, and organization experiences of Kichwa women from Cotacachi, Ecuador, I examine the social processes that facilitated the expulsion of girls for domestic work and the establishment of support networks. I rely on the childhood memories of these women, who were between 8 and 14 years old during the agrarian reforms of 1964 and 1973. The findings demonstrate how these women’s migration experiences to Quito were organized, marked not only by the domination and inequality of child domestic labor but also by horizontal care networks centered on work and friendship. The value of this text lies in its approach to the migratory experience from various realities of working childhood, in contexts of domination marked by racial, generational, and class inequalities, but also in situations of alliances and care.

Resumen. A partir de testimonios sobre experiencias laborales migratorias, de parentesco y de organización de mujeres kichwas de Cotacachi, Ecuador, examino los procesos sociales que facilitaron la expulsión de niñas para el trabajo doméstico y el establecimiento de redes de contención. Me baso en las memorias infantiles de estas mujeres, que durante las reformas agrarias de 1964 y 1973 tenían entre 8 y 14 años. Los hallazgos demuestran cómo se organizaron las experiencias de migración de estas mujeres hacia Quito, marcadas no sólo por la dominación y desigualdad del trabajo infantil doméstico, sino también por redes horizontales de cuidado centradas en el trabajo y la amistad. El valor de este texto radica en que nos acerca a la experiencia migratoria desde diversas realidades de la infancia trabajadora, en contextos de dominación caracterizados por desigualdades de raza, generación y clase, pero también en situaciones de alianzas y cuidados.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the new forms of labor subordination experienced by domestic Workers operating through apps and digital platform companies. Given the contexto of intensified datafication and financialization of everyday life and neoliberal hegemony, there is a need to undertand how the socio-sexual Division of labor functions in this scenario. With the rise of the platformization of labor and the intensification of uberization, new forms of control, management, and subordination of labor are being employed, exacerbating the precariousness and informalization of workers. In the contexto of platformization of domestic work, domestic Workers, who already faced a precarious and undervalued work reality, are now doubly subordinated: by the client and by the platform company. The research began with a bibliographic and documentar review of the Terms of Use of platform companies and is currently using na active online questionnaire to profile the women working through these platforms. Initial data frm the questionnaire may suggest some hypotheses, such as changes in the profile of workers who are domestic workers through apps in terms of age and race, and that the characteristics of informalization and precariousness of domestic work are manifesting in the contexto of labor platformization.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as novas formas de subordinação de trabalho de diaristas que atuam por meio de aplicativos e empresas-plataformas digitais. Considerando a conjuntura de intensificação da dataficação e financeirização da vida cotidiana e da hegemonia neoliberal, há a necessidade de compreender como a divisão sociossexual do trabalho se comporta neste cenário. Com a ascensão do fenômeno da plataformização do trabalho e a intensificação da uberização, novas formas de controle, gerenciamento e subordinação do trabalho estão sendo utilizadas, acentuando a precarização e informalização dos trabalhadores. No contexto de plataformização do trabalho doméstico, as diaristas, que já enfrentavam uma realidade precarizada e desvalorizada de trabalho, agora se encontram duplamente subordinadas: pelo cliente e pela empresaplataforma. A pesquisa, então, se iniciou com uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pelos Termos de Uso das empresas-plataformas e atualmente está com um questionário online ativo afim de conseguir traçar o perfil das mulheres que trabalham por meio das plataformas. Os dados iniciais retirados do questionário podem indicar algumas hipóteses, como a mudança de perfil das trabalhadoras que atuam como diaristas por meio dos aplicativos em relação à idade e raça, e que as características de informalização e precariedade do trabalho doméstico vêm se manifestando em um contexto de plataformização do trabalho.

Abstract: This research analyzes the labor market transitions of people aged 55 and older in Mexico, focusing on their transition from non-availability to full-time employment, part-time employment or availability, and differentiating between women and men. It estimates multi-state models that show the onset of active aging as reflected in the transition of women to part-time employment and men to full-time employment. One explanatory factor is that unpaid domestic work reduces women’s opportunities to transition to part-time employment.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza las transiciones laborales de la población de 55 años o más edad en México, centrándose en su paso desde la no disponibilidad hacia el empleo de tiempo completo, el empleo de tiempo parcial o la disponibilidad, y diferenciando entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello, se estiman modelos multiestado que muestran un envejecimiento activo incipiente, reflejado en la transición femenina al empleo de tiempo parcial y la transición masculina al empleo de tiempo completo. Un factor explicativo destaca que el trabajo doméstico no remunerado reduce las posibilidades de las mujeres de transitar al empleo de tiempo parcial.

Abstract: Drawing on the notion of gender arrangements, and with the participation of female victims of the Colombian conflict, the present qualitative research analyzes the types of relationships between men and women in various post-conflict contexts that were influenced by reparations policies. It argues that the transformations of these relationships are not linear but rather determined by the life experiences of the women and by the competences that they acquire, such as agency and empowerment, which translate into forms of participation, decision-making, and resource use within the domestic sphere and in collective processes of organizational and productive order.

Resumen: La presente investigación cualitativa, con participación de mujeres víctimas del conflicto colombiano, analiza desde la noción de arreglos de género los tipos de relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en diversos contextos de posconflicto influidos por políticas de reparación. Se identifica que las transformaciones de estas relaciones no son lineales, sino que se determinan por las experiencias de vida de las mujeres y las competencias adquiridas, como la agencia y el empoderamiento, las cuales se traducen en formas de participación, decisión y uso de recursos al interior del ámbito doméstico y en procesos colectivos de orden organizativo y productivo.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to apply the extended Thirlwall’s Law, which incorporates capital accumulation to explain China’s (1971 - 2022) and Mexico’s (1961 - 2022) output growth rates. We use the ARDL cointegration methodology to estimate their import demand functions. We get robust estimations and then calculate their long-run growth rates, which result very close to their actual values. We recommend changing the Mexican industrialization strategy to generate domestic productive chains and domestic industries to substitute import-goods and dynamize the domestic market. One limit of our paper is that we use aggregate variables, but it could be necessary to analyze the effects of exports and capital accumulation in the specific domestic industry subsectors. The originality lies in showing that China’s dynamism during the last decades is more related to its dynamic capital accumulation than to its dynamic growth rate of exports, whereas Mexico’s slow growth rate regime is more related to its low capital accumulation than to its high growth rate of exports.

Resumen Mediante la extensión de la Ley de Thirlwall, la cual incorpora la acumulación de capital, se explican las tasas de crecimiento de China (1971-2022) y México (1961-2022). Usamos la metodología de cointegración ARDL para estimar sus funciones de demanda de importaciones. Con las estimaciones robustas calculamos sus tasas de crecimiento de largo plazo, las cuales resultaron muy parecidas a sus valores observados. Recomendamos cambiar la estrategia de industrialización mexicana a fin de generar cadenas productivas domésticas e industrias domésticas que produzcan bienes sustitutos de las importaciones para dinamizar el mercado doméstico. Una limitante de nuestro artículo es que usamos variables agregadas, pero sería necesario analizar los efectos de las exportaciones y la acumulación de capital en los subsectores industriales específicos. La originalidad radica en mostrar que el dinamismo de China de las últimas décadas está más relacionado con su dinámica acumulación de capital que con su dinámica tasa de crecimiento de las exportaciones, mientras que el regimen de bajo crecimiento de México está más relacionado con su baja acumulación de capital que con su alta tasa de crecimiento de las exportaciones.

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.

Abstract The concept of vertex geography is proposed as the space in which executive mothers are simultaneously present in the domestic and work environments through the virtuality facilitated by technological devices (cell phone, computer, tablet). 16 mothers in Monterrey between 36 and 45 years old with a managerial position were interviewed to detect what the dynamics are like within the vertex geography and what are its spatial and discursive limits. The results are exposed from narratives of self-representation in this space, which allow to conclude that the use of technological devices perpetuates the double shift of the interviewees; but also, that its use defies the rule of physical closeness as the only way to exercise motherhood.

Resumen Se propone el concepto de geografía vértice como el espacio en el cual las madres ejecutivas se hacen presentes simultáneamente en los ámbitos doméstico y laboral a través de la virtualidad facilitada por dispositivos tecnológicos (celular, computadora, tableta). Se entrevistaron a 16 madres regiomontanas de 36 a 45 años, con un puesto gerencial, para detectar cómo son las dinámicas dentro de la geografía vértice y cuáles son sus límites espaciales y discursivos. Los resultados se exponen a partir de narrativas de autorrepresentación en este espacio, los cuales permiten concluir que el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos perpetúa la doble jornada de las entrevistadas; pero también que su utilización desafía la regla de la cercanía física como única vía para ejercer maternidad.

Abstract The way in which a society manages and provides the necessary care for its survival and reproduction is not gender neutral. This organization works, for the most part, due to the large amount of unpaid work carried out by women in the family sphere, thus affecting their equality, freedom, and dignity. This document identifies, first, the components that make up the current social organization of care in Latin America based on three dimensions of analysis: (a) sociocultural; (b) political and (c) economic. And, secondly, it proposes a selection of mechanisms that could contribute to transforming the components of that organization. The theoretical proposal of “implosion of care regimes” by Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) is taken as a starting point to propose a series of strategies that would contribute to dismantling the current social organization of care in the region. The work finds that, in an articulated way, these three analytical categories show the way in which women are held responsible as primary caregivers; certain public policies contribute to crystallizing gender roles that specialize women in care work and relegate them to the domestic world; and finally, it shows that the logic of the labor market responds, mainly, to a male provider model without family responsibilities, which contributes to maintaining and reproducing inequality against women.

Resumen La forma en la cual una sociedad gestiona y provee los cuidados necesarios para su supervivencia y reproducción no es neutral al género. Dicha organización funciona, en gran parte, debido a la enorme cantidad de trabajo no remunerado que realizan las mujeres en el ámbito familiar, afectando así su igualdad, libertad y dignidad. Este documento identifica, en primer lugar, los componentes que conforman la organización social de los cuidados en América Latina a partir de tres dimensiones de análisis: (a) sociocultural; (b) política y (c) económica. Y, en segundo lugar, propone una selección de mecanismos que podrían contribuir a transformar los componentes que conforman esa organización. Se toma como punto de partida la propuesta teórica de “implosión de los regímenes de cuidados” de Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) para proponer una serie de estrategias que contribuirían a desmontar la actual organización social de los cuidados en la región. El trabajo encuentra que, en forma articulada, estas tres categorías analíticas evidencian la forma bajo la cual se responsabiliza a las mujeres como cuidadoras primarias; ciertas políticas públicas contribuyen a cristalizar roles de género que especializan a las mujeres en el trabajo de cuidados y las relega al mundo doméstico; y finalmente, pone en evidencia que la lógica del mercado laboral responde, principalmente, a un modelo de hombre proveedor sin responsabilidades familiares, lo que contribuye a mantener y reproducir la desigualdad en contra de las mujeres.

Resumen Introducción: Diferentes investigaciones demuestran que la permanencia de las poblaciones migrantes en Argentina puede generar mejoras en sus condiciones de vida. El artículo se desarrolla a partir del análisis de las diversas trayectorias que tienen las mujeres migrantes, trabajadoras domésticas, cuando permanecen en el país. Objetivo: El trabajo propone reconstruir, de manera retrospectiva, los diferentes movimientos en las trayectorias de las mujeres migrantes, tanto dentro como hacia afuera del sector del trabajo doméstico. Se intentan vislumbrar las limitaciones y posibilidades del contexto local y analizar los propios sentidos que las trabajadoras le otorgan a estas circulaciones. Metodología: El artículo se basa en una investigación cualitativa que incluye 40 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres migrantes, en AMBA y Córdoba, que son o fueron empleadas domésticas en algún momento de su trayectoria laboral. Resultados: Se reconstruyen tres formas de movilidad: la movilidad horizontal dentro del sector, las formas de salida intermitente y la salida definitiva. En cada una de ellas, el análisis se centra en la perspectiva de las propias trabajadoras. Conclusiones: Los resultados reflejan la importancia de la articulación entre trabajo doméstico remunerado y no remunerado. Asimismo, permite dar cuenta de tres cuestiones principales: en primer lugar, que salir del entorno del trabajo doméstico no siempre significa «mejorar» desde la perspectiva de las propias trabajadoras; en segundo lugar, que se puede «mejorar» siendo trabajadora doméstica; y, en tercer lugar, que existen trayectorias de movilidad social ascendente entre las mujeres migrantes trabajadoras domésticas.

Abstract Introduction: Research has shown that the permanence of the migrant population in Argentina can generate certain improvements in their living conditions. The article is developed from the analysis of the diverse trajectories that migrant women, domestic workers, have when they remain in the country. Objective: The article proposes to reconstruct, in retrospect, the different movements in the trajectories of migrant women, both inside and outside the domestic work sector. It examines the limitations and possibilities of the local context and the meanings that migrant domestic workers give to labor circulations. Methodology: The article is based on a qualitative research developed in AMBA and Córdoba, that includes 40 in-depth interviews with migrant women who are or were domestic workers at some point in their labor trajectories. Results: Three types of mobility are considered: horizontal mobility within domestic sector, intermittent inputs and outputs within the sector, and the ultimate exit. In each case, the article emphasizes the viewpoints of the workers themselves. Conclusions: The results show the importance of the linkage between paid and unpaid domestic work. It also sets out three main issues: firstly, that leaving the domestic work does not always mean «improving» from the perspective of the workers themselves; secondly, that one can «improve» by being a domestic worker; and, thirdly, that there are trajectories of upward social mobility among migrant domestic workers.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la percepción de docentes de preescolar respecto a la subvaloración de su profesión como señal de precarización emocional en la familia, sociedad y Estado. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa y se entrevistó a veinte maestras de preescolares privados de la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Las profesoras perciben una subvaloración respecto a su labor en instituciones del Estado, la familia y la sociedad, donde se considera que este tipo de trabajo deriva de su condición de mujer y constituye una extensión del doméstico, lo que genera desgaste subjetivo, naturalización de ciertos roles e invisibilización.

Abstract: This paper aims to identify the perception of preschool teachers regarding the devaluation of their profession, in their family, society and the State, as a sign of emotional precariousness. Based on a qualitative methodology, 20 private preschool teachers were interviewed from the society of Querétaro, Mexico. Conclusions: the devaluation that teachers perceive regarding their work in State institutions, in the family, and in society, considering that this type of work derives from their status as women and that it constitutes an extension of the domestic one, generates emotional suffering and naturalization of certain roles, and invisibility.

Abstract The literature on digital work platforms has highlighted the trend towards the precarisation of labour relations. In contrast to this hypothesis, through the analysis of the operation of the digital platform Zolvers, this article aims to understand how platforms can also contribute to the formalisation of labour relations in the paid domestic work sector, where the majority of women workers work informally. The article explores the effects of this intermediation on the formalisation of the employment relationship. In particular, it focuses on the impact during the first year of the covid-19 pandemic.

Resumen La literatura sobre plataformas digitales de trabajo ha subrayado la tendencia a la precarización de las relaciones laborales. En contraposición con esta hipótesis, a través del análisis del funcionamiento de la plataforma digital Zolvers, este artículo se propone comprender de qué manera las plataformas pueden también contribuir a la formalización de las relaciones laborales en el sector del trabajo doméstico remunerado, donde la mayoría de las trabajadoras se desempeña de manera informal. El artículo explora los efectos de esta intermediación respecto a la formalización de la relación laboral. Particularmente, se focaliza en el impacto durante el primer año de la pandemia del covid-19.