Resumen La rabia es una enfermedad vírica prevenible mediante la inmunización. Esta afecta a personas de más de 150 países ocasionando decenas de defunciones, principalmente en los continentes de Asia y África. El 40 % de casos se dan en niños menores de 15 años, siendo el perro la principal fuente de contagio a humanos y del 99% de las muertes por esa causa; así, la vacunación de estos animales resulta la principal medida preventiva que se recomienda.

Abstract Rabies is a viral disease preventable through immunization. This disease affects more than 150 countries, causing dozens of deaths, mainly in the continents of Asia and Africa. 40% of cases occur in children under 15 years of age; the dog is the main source of 99% of deaths from rabies. For this reason, rabies disease can be prevented by vaccinating dogs and avoiding bites.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the ownership of pets and knowledge of zoonoses among residents in the district of Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Peru, in 2022. In total, 394 surveys were carried out, 30.5% in the urban area (Bambamarca city) and 69.5% in the rural area (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala and El Tuco). Of those surveyed, 54.8% were female, 20.8% had completed secondary school and the average age was 39.9 years. Besides, 58.4 and 35.5% of interviewees claimed to own dogs and cats, respectively. The person: dog ratio was 4:1 and person: cat was 6.7: 1; 45.2% of dog owners raised them as pets and 45% of cat owners raised them as rodent pest controllers; 67.9% of the dogs were males and 50.5% of the cats were females. The rate of sterilized animals was less than 4% in both species. In the case of dogs, 54.1% walked without restriction and 31.7% of cats were classified as «outdoor»; 50.3% of dog owners and 69.5% of cat owners mentioned performing internal deworming, and 45 and 61.5%, respectively, performed external deworming on a regular basis (at least every 3 months). Moreover, 58% of dogs and 12.8% of cats were reported to have been vaccinated against rabies in the last year. Ignorance of the meaning of the term zoonosis reached 95.4% of those surveyed; however, 90.4% said they knew that animals could transmit diseases to people, the most recognized being rabies (69.8%). It is concluded that it is necessary to develop health education campaigns so that pet owners develop responsible ownership and thus avoid negative impacts on public health and animal welfare.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la tenencia de animales de compañía y los conocimientos de zoonosis entre pobladores en el distrito de Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Perú, en 2022. Se realizaron 394 encuestas, siendo 30.5% en la zona urbana (Bambamarca ciudad) y 69.5% en la zona rural (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala y El Tuco). De los encuestados, 54.8% fueron mujeres, 20.8% contaban con secundaria completa y la edad promedio fue de 39.9 años. El 58.4 y 35.5% de entrevistados aseguraron poseer perros y gatos, respectivamente. La relación persona: perro fue 4:1 y persona: gato de 6.7: 1. El 45.2% de poseedores de canes lo criaban como mascota y el 45% de poseedores de gatos los criaban como controladores de plaga de roedores. El 67.9% de los perros fueron machos y 50.5% de los gatos fueron hembras. La tasa de animales esterilizados fue menor al 4% en ambas especies. En caso de los perros, 54.1% paseaban sin restricción y 31.7% de los gatos se clasificaron como «outdoor». El 50.3% de tenedores de perros y 69.5% de tenedores de gatos mencionaron realizar desparasitaciones internas, y 45 y 61.5%, respectivamente, desparasitaban externamente de manera regular (al menos cada 3 meses). El 58% de perros y el 12.8% de gatos fueron reportados como vacunados contra la rabia el último año. El desconocimiento del significado del término zoonosis alcanzó al 95.4% de los encuestados; sin embargo, el 90.4% afirmó conocer que los animales podrían transmitir enfermedades a las personas, siendo la más reconocida la rabia (69.8%). Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar campañas de educación sanitaria a fin de que los propietarios de animales de compañía desarrollen una tenencia responsable y evitar de esta forma impactos negativos sobre la salud pública y el bienestar animal.

Abstract An adopted animal is considered a grand gesture with significant social responsibility since it needs daily care and affection from the adopter. Far beyond appearance and aesthetic issues, the adopter must consider their natural conditions, respecting the specific characteristics of the animal. The lack of expertise in choosing the animal can lead to an irresponsible and fruitless adoption, compromising the animal’s quality of life. Animal adoption portals are prone to this problem if they do not provide controls that try to approximate the adopter’s real motivations and conditions with the animal’s characteristics. Faced with this problem, this article proposes a content-based recommendation system to suggest animals for users to consume drugs, applying the weighted cosine technique. The weighting is fundamental in calculating the similarity between the users’ emotions and the animal’s characteristics. The experiments increased the accuracy of the recommendations when weighting is applied over the traditional method without considering the prescribed method of users by specific characteristics of the animals to be adopted.

Resumo A adoção animal é considerada um gesto grandioso que carrega consigo grande responsabilidade social, visto que um animal precisa dos cuidados e carinho diário do adotante. Muito além da aparência e questões estéticas, é essencial que o adotante considere suas reais condições respeitando as características específicas do animal. A falta de perícia na escolha do animal pode acarretar uma adoção irresponsável e infrutuosa, comprometendo a qualidade de vida do animal. Portais de adoção de animais são suscetíveis a esse problema se não fornecerem mecanismos que tentem aproximar as reais preferências e condições do adotante com as características do animal. Diante dessa problemática, este artigo propõe um sistema de recomendação baseado em conteúdo que visa sugerir animais para adoção considerando as preferências dos adotantes, aplicando a técnica do cosseno ponderado. A ponderação é fundamental no cálculo de similaridade entre as preferências dos adotantes e das características do animal. Os experimentos realizados apontam um aumento de precisão das recomendações quando a ponderação é aplicada sobre o método tradicional sem considerar as preferências do adotante por determinadas características dos animais a serem adotados.

ABSTRACT: This retrospective study evaluated the impact of the clinical presentation of pyometra on the morbidity and mortality of the affected bitches. The medical records of 47 bitches surgically treated for pyometra between May and December 2017 were evaluated. The admission data were analyzed to classify the animals according to the clinical presentation of pyometra, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organic dysfunctions (cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and hemostatic). The outcomes were recorded for up to 14 days. The overall mortality rate was 13%. Open and closed pyometra were identified in 62% (n= 29) and 38% (n= 18) of the cases, respectively. The SIRS was present in 44 (94%) bitches, and 27 (57%) had at least one organ dysfunction. The most prevalent dysfunction was hemostatic, followed by neurological, cardiovascular, and renal dysfunction. The clinical presentation of pyometra and the presence of SIRS did not correlate with each other, or with the presence of organ dysfunction and mortality. However, cumulative organ dysfunction (r=0.532, P=<0.001) and the presence of neurological (r= -0.371; P=0.012) and renal dysfunction (r=0.303; P=0.041) were correlated with mortality. Thus, the identification of organ dysfunction through physical examination and routine laboratory analysis proved to be more effective in identifying and predicting the critically ill patients than the SIRS criteria or clinical presentation of the disease.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar o impacto da apresentação clínica da piometra na morbimortalidade das cadelas afetadas. Foram avaliados os registros clínicos de 47 cadelas tratadas cirurgicamente para piometra entre maio e dezembro de 2017. Os dados recolhidos na admissão foram analisados para classificar os animais quanto à apresentação clínica da piometra, presença de critérios da Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SRIS) e disfunções orgânicas - cardiovascular, neurológica, renal e hemostática. Foi registrado o desfecho durante 14 dias. A mortalidade global foi de 13%. Piometra aberta e fechada foram identificadas em 62% (n= 29) e 38% (n= 18) respectivamente. SRIS esteve presente em 44 (94%) cadelas e 27 (57%) tiveram pelo menos uma disfunção orgânica. A disfunção mais prevalente foi a hemostática, seguida da neurológica, cardiovascular e renal. A apresentação clínica da piometra e a presença de SRIS não se correlacionaram entre si ou com presença de disfunção orgânica e mortalidade. No entanto, a quantidade de disfunções orgânicas (r=0.532, P=<0.001) e a presença das disfunções neurológica (r= -0.371; P=0.012) e renal (r=0.303; P=0.041) foram correlacionados com mortalidade. Assim, a identificação de disfunções orgânicas através do exame físico e análises laboratoriais de rotina mostrou-se mais eficaz na identificação e previsão de pacientes críticos do que os critérios de SRIS ou a apresentação clínica da doença.

ABSTRACT: The incidence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs is high, which is considered the main arthropathy in the species. Once diagnosed, surgical stabilization is recommended and different treatments are categorized as intracapsular, extracapsular, and osteotomies. There is still no consensus regarding the most optimal method of stabilization, and some studies have attempted to create or improve existing techniques, making them more effective. This study presented an intra-articular stifle stabilization technique using a synthetic polyester implant using 32 anatomical specimens from canine cadavers, which were separated by weight into two groups. The drawer movement was analyzed at three timepoints: intact cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), dissected ligament, and after surgical stabilization using the proposed technique. Results showed a mean cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femur of 0.61 ± 0.08 millimeters before dissection (mm), 2.61 ± 0.08 mm after dissection, and 0.68 ± 0.08 mm after surgical stabilization (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the intra-articular stabilization technique with polyester thread was effective in stabilizing ex vivo dog stifles after CCL dissection at the immediate postoperative period.

RESUMO: A incidência de ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (RLCCr) em cães é alta, sendo considerada a principal artropatia na espécie. Uma vez diagnosticada, a estabilização cirúrgica é recomendada e diversos autores indicam diferentes tratamentos, sendo divididos em intracapsulares, extracapsulares e osteotomias. Ainda não há consenso sobre a melhor forma de estabilização e estudos tem sido desenvolvidos buscando criar ou aprimorar técnicas existentes, tornando-as mais eficazes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar técnica de estabilização intra-articular de joelho, utilizando implante sintético de poliéster. Para isso, 32 peças anatômicas oriundas de cadáveres caninos foram separadas em dois grupos, conforme o peso do animal. Analisamos o movimento de gaveta, em três momentos: ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) íntegro, ligamento desmotomizado e pós estabilização cirúrgica pela técnica proposta. Os resultados demonstram deslocamento cranial médio da tíbia em relação ao fêmur antes da desmotomia de 0,61 ± 0,08 milímetros (mm), 2,61 ± 0,08 mm após a desmotomia e 0,68 ± 0,08 mm após estabilização cirúrgica (P < 0.01). Concluímos que, no momento pós-cirúrgico imediato, a técnica de estabilização intra-articular com fio de poliéster é eficaz em estabilizar a articulação de modelo ex vivo de cães após desmotomia do LCCr.

RESUMO: Embolismo tumoral é uma causa bem descrita de morte súbita em pacientes oncológicos humanos, entretanto, é pobremente explorado em medicina veterinária. Descreve-se um caso de embolização pulmonar neoplásica em um cão com morte súbita. Na necropsia, uma massa neoplásica foi observada substituindo a adrenal esquerda e formando um trombo intravascular na veia central da adrenal. Um êmbolo foi observado ocluindo a artéria pulmonar esquerda. A massa da adrenal foi histologicamente confirmada como um feocromocitoma, e o êmbolo era constituído de células neoplásicas. Múltiplos êmbolos neoplásicos menores foram observados histologicamente nas ramificações da artéria pulmonar. O Embolismo tumoral deve ser considerado como possível causa de morte súbita em cães, particularmente em pacientes oncológicos. RESUMO humanos entretanto veterinária Descrevese Descreve se necropsia feocromocitoma neoplásicas cães

ABSTRACT: Tumor embolization is a well-described cause of unexpected death in human oncologic patients; however, it is poorly explored in veterinary medicine. We report a case of pulmonary tumor embolization in a dog with sudden death. During necropsy, a neoplastic mass was observed replacing the left adrenal gland and forming an intravascular thrombus within the central adrenal vein. A large embolus occluded the left pulmonary artery. The adrenal mass was histologically confirmed as a pheochromocytoma, and the embolus was constituted of neoplastic cells. Multiple smaller neoplastic emboli were observed within the pulmonary artery branches. Tumor embolization should be considered as a possible cause of sudden death in dogs, particularly in oncologic patients. ABSTRACT welldescribed well described patients however medicine necropsy vein pheochromocytoma cells branches dogs

Historically, knowledge regarding congenital skeletal malformations in canines is poor. The Nomina Embryologica Veterinaria does not currently list any dysmorphia related to distal femoral fusion, and there is a significant absence of comprehensive descriptions of congenital defects in the veterinary literature. This paper reports on the radiographic and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of a skeletal abnormality in a seven-month-old crossbreed dog that presented for chronic right pelvic limb lameness as a result of secondary developmental patella luxation. Successful resolution of the lameness was achieved through concurrent surgical correction of the patella luxation and distal femoral cleft.

Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease that causes at least 59 000 human deaths worldwide annually, with 95% of the cases occurring in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. There are two Lyssavirus rabies (RABV) variants circulating in South Africa, notably the canid and mongoose RABV biotypes. The canid RABV biotype is maintained in the domestic dog and two wild carnivore species, the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis). The yellow mongoose, a member of the Herpestidae family, is a reservoir and vector species for the mongoose RABV biotype. Rabies trends showed an increase in rabies-positive cases in aardwolves between 2011 and 2016 surpassing the bat-eared fox as the most rabies-affected wild carnivore in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The aim of the study was to establish the genetic relationships amongst rabies viruses recovered from both the aardwolves and bat-eared foxes. A partial region of the glycoprotein gene and the variable G-L intergenic region of the viral genome were analysed using nucleotide sequences generated from PCR amplicons. The rabies viruses recovered from the aardwolves between the year 2015 and 2017 were 100% nucleotide sequence identical, suggesting a single or common source and possible evidence for a host shift. Furthermore, the phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated that the rabies viruses obtained from the two wild carnivore species from the Northern Cape Province clustered independently of each other with 96% nucleotide sequence identity, suggesting that the aardwolf may be able to maintain the canid RABV variant in this geographical area.

Management of antebrachial fractures in dogs typically involves open reduction and bone plate stabilisation of the radius performed using either a craniomedial approach (CMA) or craniolateral approach (CLA). The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare radial exposure afforded via the craniomedial and craniolateral approaches, without and with releasing the abductor digiti I longus (ADIL) muscle. The CMA and CLA were performed on alternate paired cadaver forelimbs with the subsequent release (CMA) or elevation (CLA) of the ADIL muscle (n = 12). The percent area of exposure was calculated in defined longitudinal radial segments (LRSs) and hemi-circumferential radial segments (HRSs) using digitally uploaded images. A non-parametric rank sum test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). While both the CMA and CLA provided sufficient exposure for radial cranial plate placement in the mid-to-distal diaphyseal region (50-80% LRSs), the CMA afforded greater exposure to the distal metaphysis (80-90% LRS). The CLA was advantageous in exposing the proximal diaphysis (20-50% LRSs) and distal epiphysis (90-100% LRS). Exposure of the distal diaphyseal, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal regions (80-100% LRSs) was impeded by the ADIL muscle. A tenotomy of the tendon of insertion of the ADIL muscle increased exposure afforded by the CMA in the distal metaphyseal and epiphyseal regions. The exposure afforded by the CLA in the distal diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions was significantly improved by elevating the origin of the ADIL muscle. The results of this study provide useful clinical information when surgeons are deciding which approach to use for cranial radial plating.

Coxo-femoral luxation is the most common luxation seen in dogs after road traffic accidents. There are multiple surgical techniques to repair the luxation. These range from a capsular reconstruction to a total hip replacement. This case report describes a total hip replacement to repair a failed toggle rod repair of a coxo-femoral luxation in a Greyhound pelvic limb amputee. The dog returned to normal activity as a household pet three months post-surgery and at the last follow-up consultation at 12 months post-surgery the dog was able to maintain an acceptable activity level as an amputee with no radiographic signs of complications.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se describen los hallazgos macroscópicos y microscópicos de un mesotelioma pleural en un canino, ovejero alemán, macho, de 6 años que presentaba disnea y pérdida de peso por 20 días. El animal fue ingresado al Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Udelar, se descompensó y falleció durante la consulta. El cadáver fue remitido a la Unidad de Patología para su estudio post-mortem. La necropsia reveló hemoperitoneo, hepatomegalia, hemotórax abundante; se evidenció una gran masa en el mediastino, de forma irregular, que se extendía por toda la cavidad, adherida a la pleura parietal y a la parrilla costal; dicha masa estaba formada por multinodulaciones de pocos milímetros de diámetro y coloración blanquecina, de consistencia friable. Además, se observó hemopericardio, se constató infiltración de diafragma, pericardio y epicardio. En el examen histopatológico de la masa y del tejido cardíaco se identificaron células mesoteliales de gran tamaño, con forma cuboidal o poliédrica, agrupadas conformando estructuras arborizantes con una discreta cantidad de estroma conectivo. Las células presentaban citoplasma claro con vacuolas, núcleo grande e intensamente basófilo y algunas binucleadas, con nucléolo prominente, mostraban pocas mitosis y marcada anisocariosis y anisocitosis, se diagnosticaron como un mesotelioma de tipo papilar. Este diagnóstico se confirmó mediante inmunohistoquímica, se observó inmunomarcación positiva a vimentina y pancitoqueratina en las células tumorales.

Summary: This work describes macroscopic and microscopic findings of pleural mesothelioma in a 6-y.o., male German shepherd dog with dyspnea and weight loss for 20 days. The animal was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Facultad de Veterinaria Udelar, and collapsed and died during the consultation. The body was referred to the Pathology Unit for post-mortem examination. The necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum, hepatomegaly, abundant hemothorax, a large irregular mass in the mediastinum extending throughout the cavity, adhered to the parietal pleura and rib cage; was formed by multinodulations of few millimeters in diameter and whitish coloration, with friable consistency. In addition, hemopericardium, infiltration of the diaphragm, pericardium, and epicardium was observed. Histopathological examination of the mass and cardiac tissue identified large cuboidal to polyhedral mesothelial cells, grouped in arborizing structures with a discrete amount of connective stroma. The cells had clear cytoplasm with vacuoles, large and intensely basophilic nuclei and some of them binucleated, with prominent nucleolus, few mitoses, and marked anisokaryosis and anisocytosis, diagnosing as a papillary mesothelioma. The confirmatory diagnosis was carried out by immunohistochemistry, showing positive immunolabeling for vimentin and pan-cytokeratin in the tumor cells.

Resumo: Este trabalho descreve os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos de um mesotelioma pleural num canino pastor alemão macho de 6 anos de idade que apresentava dispneia e perda de peso há 20 dias. O animal foi internado no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Veterinária de Udelar, descompensou e morreu durante a consulta. A carcaça foi enviada para a Unidade de Patologia para exame post-mortem. A necropsia revelou hemoperitoneu, hepatomegalia, hemotórax abundante, uma grande massa irregular no mediastino que se estendia por toda a cavidade, aderida à pleura parietal e à grelha costal; esta massa era formada por multinodulações de alguns milímetros de diâmetro e de cor esbranquiçada, com uma consistência friável. Para além disso, observou-se hemopericárdio, infiltração do diafragma, do pericárdio e do epicárdio. O exame histopatológico da massa e do tecido cardíaco revelou células mesoteliais grandes, cuboidais ou poliédricas, agrupadas em estruturas arborizadas com uma quantidade discreta de estroma conjuntivo. As células apresentavam citoplasma claro com vacúolos, núcleos grandes e intensamente basófilos e alguns binucleados, com nucléolos proeminentes, poucas mitoses e marcada anisocariose e anisocitose, tendo sido diagnosticado como mesotelioma papilar. Este diagnóstico foi confirmado por imunohistoquímica, mostrando imunomarcação positiva para vimentina e pancitoqueratina nas células tumorais.

Resumen: La leishmaniosis visceral ocasionada por Leishmania infantum se ha extendido hacia el sur de la región y el perro infectado con o sin manifestaciones clínicas constituye el principal reservorio. Los signos clínicos mayormente encontrados en perros de la ciudad de Salto, Uruguay fueron lesiones cutáneas, adelgazamiento, mucosas pálidas y linfadenomegalia. En la paraclínica se mencionan alteraciones hematológicas y bioquímicas relacionadas con la infección y en consecuencia resulta importante analizarlas en la situación epidemiológica actual de la enfermedad. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir los perfiles hematológicos, hepáticos y renales en perros naturalmente infectados con L. infantum en la ciudad de Salto, Uruguay y comparar con valores de referencia. En una subpoblación de perros con anticuerpos anti-L. infantum se determinaron valores del hemograma y de la bioquímica hepática y renal. Se detectó significativa disminución de eritrocitos, hemoglobina, hematocrito, índices hematimétricos, plaquetas, eosinófilos, albúmina e índice albúmina/globulinas, así como aumento de proteínas totales, globulinas, la mayoría de las enzimas hepáticas y de urea. Los perros con leishmaniosis visceral presentan una afección multisistémica al constatar alteraciones hematológicas, hepáticas y renales. Las modificaciones en los indicadores, principalmente del perfil proteico en plasma, en un contexto epidemiológico compatible orientan a la sospecha de infección por L. infantum.

Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum has spread to the south of the region and the infected dog with or without clinical manifestations constitutes the main reservoir. The most common clinical signs in dogs from Salto city, Uruguay were skin lesions, weight loss, pale mucous membranes and lymphadenomegaly. In the paraclinical, haematological and biochemical alterations related to the infection are mentioned and, consequently, it is important to analyze them in the current epidemiological situation of the disease. The objective of the work was to describe the haematological, hepatic and renal profiles in dogs naturally infected with L. infantum in the city of Salto, Uruguay, and to compare them with reference values. In a subpopulation of dogs with anti-L. infantum antibodies, haemogram values and liver and kidney biochemistry were determined. A significant decrease in erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, haematometric indices, platelets, eosinophils, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio was detected as well as increased in total proteins, globulins, most liver enzymes and urea. Dogs with visceral leishmaniasis present a multisystem condition when verifying haematoloical, hepatic and renal alterations. Changes in the indicators, mainly the plasma protein profile, in a compatible epidemiological context, lead to the suspicion of L. infantum infection.

Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral causada por Leishmania infantum se espalhou para o sul da região e o cão infectado com ou sem manifestações clínicas é o principal reservatório. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns encontrados em cães da cidade de Salto, Uruguai foram lesões cutâneas, perda de peso, mucosas pálidas e linfadenomegalia. Na paraclínica, são mencionadas alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas relacionadas à infecção e, consequentemente, é importante analisá-las na atual situação epidemiológica da doença. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os perfis hematológico, hepático e renal em cães naturalmente infectados com L. infantum na cidade de Salto, Uruguai, e compará-los com valores de referência. Em uma subpopulacão de cães com anticorpos anti-L. infantum, foram determinados valores de hemograma e bioquímica hepática e renal. Foi detectada diminuicão significativa de eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito, índices hematométricos, plaquetas, eosinófilos, albumina e relação albumina/globulina, além de aumento das proteínas totais, globulinas, maioria das enzimas hepáticas e uréia. Cães com leishmaniose visceral apresentam um cuadro multissistêmico ao verificar alterações hematológicas, hepáticas e renais. Alterações dos indicadores, principalmente do perfil protéico plasmático, em contexto epidemiológico compatível levam à suspeita de infecção por L. infantum.

ABSTRACT: An aneurysm is defined as a localized dilation of a blood vessel or heart. It may have either a congenital or an acquired origin and occurs in both humans and animals. Cardiac aneurysms are rare, and are characterized by sacculations of the cardiac wall. The present case report describes the macroscopic and microscopic findings of an aneurysm affecting both ventricles of the heart in a dog. A 7-year-old mixed-breed female dog with osteosarcoma on the left pelvic limb was euthanized and submitted to the veterinary pathology laboratory for necropsy. Macroscopically, besides the lesions in the link, the pericardial sac was adhered to the pericardial surface of the heart and there were two sacculations in both ventricles which communicated widely with the respective ventricle. Microscopically, fibrous tissue adhered to the pericardium, atrophy and necrosis of the cardiomyocytes with replacement by adipocytes were observed in addition to hyperplasia of the tunica media of arterioles and thrombosis. A diagnosis of acquired biventricular cardiac aneurysm was made based on the necropsy findings and microscopic lesions in the heart. We emphasize the importance of performing a necropsy and examining tissues histologically for the diagnosis of this rare condition. Ventricular aneurysms should be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in dogs.

RESUMO: O aneurisma é uma dilatação localizada em um vaso sanguíneo ou no coração. Pode ter origem congênita ou adquirida e ocorre tanto em humanos quanto em animais. Os aneurismas cardíacos são raros e caracterizados por saculações da parede cardíaca. O presente relato de caso descreve os achados macro e microscópicos de um aneurisma no coração de um cão, que afetava ambos os ventrículos. Uma cadela com sete anos de idade, diagnosticada com osteosarcoma, foi submetida a eutanásia e encaminhada ao laboratório de patologia veterinária para necropsia. Macroscopicamente, além da lesão neoplásica no membro pélvico esquerdo, o saco pericárdico estava aderido à superfície pericárdica do coração e havia duas saculações em ambos os ventrículos que se comunicavam amplamente com o respectivo ventrículo. Microscopicamente, observou-se tecido fibroso aderido ao pericárdio, atrofia e necrose dos cardiomiócitos com substituição por adipócitos, além de hiperplasia da túnica média das arteríolas e trombose. O diagnóstico de aneurisma cardíaco biventricular adquirido foi feito com base nos achados de necropsia e lesões microscópicas no coração. Ressaltamos a importância da necropsia e exame histológico para o diagnóstico dessa rara condição. Os aneurismas ventriculares devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças cardiovasculares em cães.

ABSTRACT: Pythiosis is the disease caused by aquatic oomycetes of the genus Pythium. In dogs the typical course of the disease involves the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by transmural thickening of the stomach or intestines. However, infection by Pythium spp. has only rarely been recognized as a cause of esophagitis in dogs. Thus, the present reports a case of esophageal and gastric pythiosis in an eight-month-old female pit bull dog. The dog was attended at the hospital after two months presenting regurgitation and dyspnea. It was reported that the dog lived in an urban area and had no previous sanitary issues. At clinical examination it was noted that the dog presented crackling sounds at pulmonary auscultation. A support therapy accompanied by antibiotics has been employed; however, 22 days after hospitalization the clinical condition worsened, and the dog died. At necropsy, the wall of the distal segment of the esophagus and the cardia and part of the fundus of the stomach were expanded by a focal extensive irregular intramural annular mass. Additionally, there was a transmural esophageal fistula. At histology, the walls of the esophagus and stomach were extensively expanded by multifocal extensive areas of necrosis, associated with a pyogranulomatous infiltrate and abundant granulation tissue containing multiple negative images of hyphae that were highlighted by silver impregnation (Grocott). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and PCR for P. insidiosum were both positive in samples of paraffin-embedded esophageal tissue.

RESUMO: A Pitiose é uma doença causada por oomicetos aquáticos do gênero Pythium. Em cães o curso típico da doença envolve o trato gastrointestinal, caracterizado por espessamento transmural do estômago ou intestinos. No entanto, a infecção por Pythium spp. raramente foi reconhecida como causa de esofagite em caninos. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de pitiose esofágica e gástrica em um canino Pit Bull fêmea de oito meses de idade. O cão foi recebido no hospital com histórico de regurgitação e dispneia durante dois meses. Foi relatado que o animal era de um domicílio de área urbana e não possuía histórico pregresso de enfermidades. No exame clínico contatou-se ainda crepitações à ausculta pulmonar. Foi instituído tratamento de suporte e antibioticoterapia, porém após 22 dias de internação, o cão evoluiu para o óbito. Na necropsia, as paredes do segmento distal do esôfago e o cárdia e parte do fundo do estômago estavam expandidos por uma massa anular intramural focalmente extensiva e irregular. Além disso, havia uma fístula esofágica transmural. À histologia, as paredes do esôfago e do estômago apresentavam-se difusamente expandidas por áreas multifocais extensas de necrose, associadas a infiltrado piogranulomatoso, abundante proliferação de fibroblastos imaturos, neovascularização e contendo múltiplas imagens negativas de hifas realçadas pela impregnação por prata (Grocott). Além disso, tanto a imuno-histoquímica como PCR para P. insidiosum foram positivas em amostras de esôfago embebidas em parafina.