RESUMO: O objetivo deste relato é descrever o auxílio da elastografia por impulso de força de radiação acústica (ARFI) no diagnóstico de dois casos de tumores malignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos em canídeos. Ambos os pacientes apresentavam claudicação em membro torácico e já haviam sido tratados clinicamente por outros profissionais, sem resposta ao tratamento ou histórico de trauma. Ao exame físico, foi observada atrofia muscular em apenas um dos membros torácicos, nos dois casos. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico axilar. Na avaliação modo B, foi observada a presença de estrutura nodular, predominantemente hipoecogênica, heterogênea, irregular, não encapsulada e com reatividade adjacente, medindo aproximadamente 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm no primeiro caso e 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm no segundo caso. Foi realizada elastografia ARFI, demonstrando a presença de áreas de maior rigidez, com velocidade de ondas de cisalhamento média de 4.12 m/s (caso 1) e 4.35 m/s (caso 2), sugerindo malignidade. Em ambos os casos, foi realizada amputação do membro afetado e os nódulos removidos foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, na qual se obteve o diagnóstico de tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico. Os métodos ultrassonográficos realizados nesses casos foram essenciais para o diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica. RESUMO ARFI (ARFI canídeos profissionais trauma físico torácicos axilar B nodular hipoecogênica heterogênea irregular adjacente 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. rigidez 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignidade histopatológica periférico terapêutica 41 4. 43

ABSTRACT: This report described the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis of two cases of canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Both patients presented with lameness in the thoracic limb and no response to previous clinical treatment or trauma history. Physical examination revealed muscular atrophy in one of the thoracic limbs, in both dogs. B-mode axillary ultrasound showed the presence of a predominantly hypoechogenic, heterogeneous, irregular, nonencapsulated nodule with adjacent reactivity, measuring approximately 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm in the first case and 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm in the second. ARFI elastography was performed, showing areas of significant stiffness, with an average shear wave velocity of 4.12 m/s (case 1) and 4.35 m/s (case 2), suggesting malignancy. In both cases, the affected limb was amputated, and the tumors sent for histopathological analysis, which were; subsequently, diagnosed as malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. The ultrasonographic methods used were essential in the diagnosis and therapeutic conduct. ABSTRACT (ARFI history limbs dogs Bmode B mode hypoechogenic heterogeneous irregular reactivity 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. second performed stiffness 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignancy amputated analysis subsequently conduct 41 4. 43

ABSTRACT The development of aquaculture through the cultivation of what are considered unconventional species is an option with the potential to solve the problem of food scarcity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of juvenile Pomacea haustrum fed different commercial diets, and subjected to different levels of salinity. After seven P. haustrum spawn had hatched in the laboratory, the juveniles were randomly selected and transferred to the rearing containers. Two different commercial diets were offered: rabbit feed with a high proportion of ingredients rich in crude vegetable protein (VP), and dog food containing balanced levels of ingredients rich in crude vegetable and animal protein (MP). The selected juveniles were randomly stocked at different salinities (0, 2 and 4 parts per thousand - ppt). The experiment lasted 65 days. Twenty-one hours after the start of the experiment, 100% of the individuals reared at a salinity of 4 ppt had died. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the results for zootechnical performance (average final weight, weight gain, average final growth, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and apparent feed conversion) for animals reared in fresh water or at a salinity of 2 ppt, regardless of the type of diet. The origin of the protein in the diet had no significant effect on the zootechnical performance of the individuals; however, the salinity of the water impaired development of the animals in direct proportion to its concentration. scarcity P laboratory containers offered VP, VP , (VP) MP. MP . (MP) 0, 0 (0 ppt. ppt) 6 days Twentyone Twenty one 100 died p 0.05 005 05 gain rate conversion however concentration (VP (MP ( 10 0.0 00 1 0.

Resumen El perrito de la pradera (Cynomys mexicanus) es un roedor endémico de los pastizales del Norte de México, considerada una especie clave para el mantenimiento de su ecosistema. La principal problemática a la que enfrenta es el aumento de la frontera agrícola, por lo que se encuentra en constante exposición a productos químicos utilizados en zonas de cultivo cercanas, como los plaguicidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y cuantificar residuos de plaguicidas en muestras de suelo de colonias de C. mexicanus de los estados de Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí. Se analizaron un total de 5 muestras de suelo y se analizaron por medio de la técnica de Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (HPLC). Se detectaron ocho plaguicidas presentes en el 100% de las muestras analizadas, de los cuales el glifosato y el metamidofos tuvieron concentraciones mayores, de hasta 5.5 mg/g y 4.8 mg/g respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que en el suelo se encuentran altas concentraciones de los plaguicidas mencionados comparadas con las detectadas en otros estudios y mayores a la DL5O establecida para ambos. Por lo que el suelo es una fuente de exposición importante y medio para la entrada hacia el organismo de C. mexicanus.

Abstract The Mexican prairie dog (Cynomys mexicanus) is an endemic rodent of the grasslands of northern Mexico, considered a keystone species for the maintenance of its ecosystem. The main problem it faces is the increase in the agricultural frontier, which means that it is constantly exposed to chemical products used in nearby farming areas, such as pesticides. The objective of this study was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in soil samples of C. mexicanus colonies from the states of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyzed five soil samples. Eight pesticides were detected in 100 % of the samples analyzed, of which glyphosate and methamidophos had higher concentrations, up to 5.5 mg/g and 4.8 mg/g respectively. The results show that high concentrations of the mentioned pesticides are found in the soil compared to those detected in other studies and higher than the DL5O established for both. Therefore, soil is an important source of exposure and means of entry into the organism of C. mexicanus.

Despite its many pitfalls, the process of innovation should be made as attractive and practical as possible. Innovation model formation is an important yet complex process. This paper reviews the hypothetically improved quadruple helix (QH) model of innovation with respect to model concepts, innovation concepts, and current practical case studies. The updated model constitutes four innovation forces (constructs), namely (1) upscaling agility, (2) triple helix ecosystems, (3) triple management theory (TMT) and triple technology theory (TTT), and (4) epochal society. The model also shows a comprehensive interplay between these constructs within the modern digital, biological, legal and physical worlds. The authors reviewed the model through a conceptual explorative research design with narrative data. The evaluation implied the consideration of combining, adding, or omitting model constructs. Besides learner management and the need to provide a guide for how to use the model, the findings ultimately confirmed its value and usefulness.

Ten spyte van vele slaggate, moet die innovasieproses so aantreklik en prakties moontlik gemaak word. Die vorming van 'n innovasiemodel is 'n belangrike dog komplekse proses. Hierdie artikel hersien die hipoteties verbeterde viervoudigeheliks-innovasiemodel met betrekking tot modelkonsepte, innovasiekonsepte en huidige praktiese gevallestudies. Die bygewerkte model bestaan uit vier innovasiekragte (-konstrukte), naamlik (1) opskaling van behendigheid, (2) drievoudige heliks-ekostelsels, (3) drievoudige bestuursteorie en drievoudige tegnologieteorie, en (4) epogale samelewing. Die model toon ook 'n omvattende wisselwerking tussen hierdie konstrukte binne die moderne, digitale, biologiese, wetlike en fisieke wêrelde. Die outeurs het die model deur 'n konseptuele verkennende navorsingsontwerp met narratiewe data hersien. Die evaluering het die oorweging geïmpliseer om modelkonstrukte te kombineer, by te voeg of weg te laat. Benewens leerderbestuur en die behoefte om 'n gids te voorsien oor hoe om die model te gebruik, het die bevindinge uiteindelik die waarde en bruikbaarheid daarvan bevestig.

Abstract During the pandemic, there were a lot of lockdowns that brought changes to the population’s daily routine, reducing social interactions, changing work and study methods, isolating the family at their home, which brought changes to family dynamics. These changes sparked the interest of nursing students in carrying out a research study. Starting from the question: What is the role of the dog in the family dynamics in times of pandemic? and the objective: identify the guardians’ perceptions about the role of the dog in the family dynamics in a period of confinement, a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out, collecting data through a focus group with six guardians from different families. Bardin’s protocol was used to analyze and process the data. Three categories emerged in this study, highlighting the benefits in terms of mental health, physical and psychological well-being of the family with the presence of the dog, its importance in strengthening family ties and the lessons learned from adopting the dogs. We conclude that, in nursing, it is necessary to highlight the presence of the dog in the family since it brings benefits to its dynamics. pandemic populations population s routine interactions methods home question objective confinement qualitative exploratory families Bardins Bardin health wellbeing well being dogs

Resumo Com o confinamento imposto pelo SARS-CoV-2, houve mudanças na dinâmica familiar. Para os estudantes de enfermagem este foi um assunto que gerou interesse em investigar. Partindo da questão: Qual o papel do cão na dinâmica familiar em tempo de pandemia? e do objetivo: identificar as perceções dos tutores sobre o papel do cão na dinâmica familiar num período de confinamento, enveredámos por um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com recurso a focus group e amostra de seis membros de famílias diferentes. O tratamento e análise de dados seguiu o protocolo de Bardin. Identificámos que a existência de cão numa família influencia a sua dinâmica através dos benefícios obtidos quer a nível da saúde mental e bem-estar psicológico, quer a nível da saúde física. Igualmente, destacaram-se vantagens, apesar de algumas desvantagens. O vínculo afetivo entre cão e família, advém da reflexão sobre legislação portuguesa, proteção dos direitos dos animais, responsabilidades dos tutores e configuração familiar. Concluímos que na enfermagem, é necessário relevar a presença do cão na família uma vez que traz benefícios para a sua dinâmica. Esta torna-se uma visão inovadora quando pretendemos contribuir para a manutenção da saúde familiar focada nas necessidades de cada indivíduo, família e comunidade. SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2, 2 SARS-CoV-2 investigar questão pandemia objetivo qualitativo descritivo diferentes Bardin bemestar bem estar psicológico física Igualmente destacaramse destacaram se vantagens desvantagens portuguesa animais tornase torna indivíduo comunidade SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV

Abstract Synthetic pesticides used to combat ticks lose their effectiveness against certain species and can affect human health. The present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo the effect of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) seeds against Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes affinis, domestic dog ticks. In the in vitro evaluations, concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the aqueous extract of P. anisum were applied directly to ticks. The concentrations that had the highest effectiveness in immobilization were 50 %, 75 % and 100 %, but the latter caused immobilization for a longer time (55.89 ± 0.16 min). In the in vivo evaluation, the concentrated aqueous extract was applied to ticks attached to the skin of domestic dogs. Amitraz, a commercial tickicide, was used as a positive control. Both the concentrated aqueous extract and Amitraz caused 100 % of tick detaching. Nonetheless, concentrated aqueous extract of P. anisum seeds was more effective in reducing the average time of tick detaching (60.81 ± 3.17 min) compared to the commercial tickicide Amitraz (145.12 ± 15.97 min). This research suggests that the p-anisaldehyde identified in the aqueous extract could be linked to the immobilization and detaching of R. sanguineus and I. affinis from domestic dogs, suggesting that this extract could be used as a biopesticide to control ticks in domestic dogs.

Resumen Los pesticidas sintéticos utilizados para combatir las garrapatas pierden su eficacia contra determinadas especies y pueden afectar la salud humana. En el presente estudio se evaluó in vitro e in vivo el efecto del extracto acuoso de semillas de Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) contra Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Ixodes affinis, garrapatas del perro doméstico. En las evaluaciones in vitro se aplicaron directamente a las garrapatas concentraciones de 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 y 100 % del extracto acuoso de P. anisum. Las concentraciones que provocaron mayor efectividad en la inmovilización fueron 50%, 75% y 100%, pero esta última provocó una inmovilización por mayor tiempo (55.89 ± 0.16 min). En la evaluación in vivo, el extracto acuoso concentrado se aplicó sobre garrapatas adheridas a la piel de perros domésticos. Se utilizó Amitraz, un garrapaticida comercial, como testigo positivo. Tanto el extracto acuoso concentrado como el Amitraz provocaron el 100 % del desprendimiento de garrapatas. Sin embargo, el extracto acuoso concentrado de semillas de P. anisum fue más efectivo para reducir el tiempo promedio de desprendimiento de las garrapatas (60.81 ± 3.17 min) en comparación con el garrapaticida comercial Amitraz (145.12 ± 15.97 min). Esta investigación sugiere que el p-anisaldehído identificado en el extracto acuoso podría estar relacionado con la inmovilización y desprendimiento de R. sanguineus e I. affinis de los perros domésticos, lo que sugiere que este extracto podría usarse como biopesticida para controlar las garrapatas en perros domésticos.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to detect positive cases of 3 species of hemopathogens, from the records of 300 dog samples, without distinction of breed, sex and age from the metropolitan area of Asunción, using the conventional PCR (cPCR) technique. for the detection of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma platys from whole blood and Leishmania spp. in whole blood and spinal aspirate; in addition to blood serum for the detection of antibodies to Leishmania spp. and Ehrlichia spp. using immunochromatographic tests, processed by the Biotechnology Laboratory Division of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of Asunción during the first semester of 2021. Out of the 300 records analyzed, 66 were positive for at least one hemoparasite. The detection of positive cases, according to the type of microorganism identified, was for Leishmania spp. 13%, Ehrlichia spp. 9% and Anaplasma platys 0%. Regarding the type of samples analyzed, using cPCR or immunochromatography interchangeably, positive cases were mostly through whole blood 15%, followed by blood serum 6% and finally bone marrow aspirate 3%. Finally, 27 breeds were recorded, of which the mixed breed had the highest number of positive results for hemoparasites (40/66). The findings from this study provide relevant data for understanding the presence and distribution of hemoparasites in canines in the metropolitan area.

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo detectar casos positivos de 3 especies de hemopatógenos, a partir de los registros de 300 muestras de perros, sin distinción de raza, sexo y edad procedentes del área metropolitana de Asunción, empleando la técnica PCR convencional (cPCR), para la detección de Ehrlichia spp. y Anaplasma platys a partir de sangre entera y Leishmania spp. en sangre entera y aspirado medular; además de suero sanguíneo para la detección de anticuerpos para Leishmania spp. y Ehrlichia spp. utilizando test inmunocromatográfico, procesadas por la División Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción durante el primer semestre del 2021. De las 300 muestras analizadas, 66 fueron positivas para al menos un hemopatógeno. La detección de casos positivos, según tipo de microorganismo identificado fue, para Leishmania spp. del 13 %, Ehrlichia spp. del 9 % y Anaplasma platys del 0 %. En cuanto al tipo de muestras analizada, empleando cPCR o inmunocromatografía indistintamente, los casos positivos fueron mayoritariamente a través de sangre entera 15 %, seguida por suero sanguíneo 6 % y finalmente aspirado medular 3 %. Por último, fueron registradas 27 razas, de las cuales la mestiza presentó mayor número de positivos a hemoparásitos (40/66). Los hallazgos encontrados a partir del presente trabajo aportan datos relevantes para el conocimiento de la presencia de hemoparásitos en caninos del área metropolitana y su distribución.

Resumen La rabia es una enfermedad vírica prevenible mediante la inmunización. Esta afecta a personas de más de 150 países ocasionando decenas de defunciones, principalmente en los continentes de Asia y África. El 40 % de casos se dan en niños menores de 15 años, siendo el perro la principal fuente de contagio a humanos y del 99% de las muertes por esa causa; así, la vacunación de estos animales resulta la principal medida preventiva que se recomienda.

Abstract Rabies is a viral disease preventable through immunization. This disease affects more than 150 countries, causing dozens of deaths, mainly in the continents of Asia and Africa. 40% of cases occur in children under 15 years of age; the dog is the main source of 99% of deaths from rabies. For this reason, rabies disease can be prevented by vaccinating dogs and avoiding bites.

Abstract Infections caused by dog and cat bites have a mixed bacterial etiology with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that come from the mouth of the offender and, to a lesser extent, from the skin of the victim and the environment. Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus and anaerobes can be frequently isolated. Although animal bite infections are not uncommon, some of the microorganisms involved are rare. Neisseria weaveri is part of the oropharyngeal microbiota of dogs and cats; however, reported cases due to bites are rare.

Resumen Las infecciones por mordeduras de perros y gatos presentan una etiología bacteriana mixta con microorganismos aerobios y anaerobios que provienen de la cavidad oral del agresor y, en menor medida, de la piel del agredido y el medio ambiente. Con mayor frecuencia se aíslan Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus y anaerobios. Si bien las infecciones por mordeduras de animales no son infrecuentes, algunos de los microorganismos implicados son excepcionales. Neisseria weaveri forma parte de la microbiota orofaríngea de perros y gatos; sin embargo, los casos comunicados debidos a mordeduras son escasos.

Resumo As infecções causadas por mordeduras de cães e gatos têm etiologia bacteriana mista com microrganismos aeróbicos e anaeróbicos que provêm da cavidade bucal do agressor e, em menor grau, da pele da vítima e do meio ambiente. Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus e aneróbios podem ser isoladas mais frequentemente. Embora as infecções por mordeduras de animais não sejam incomuns, alguns dos microorganismos envolvidos são raros. A Neisseria weaveri faz parte da microbiota orofaríngea de cães e gatos, porém são escassos os casos relatados como consequência de mordeduras.

ABSTRACT The case of a 10-year-old Golden Retriever dog treated at the ASMEVET veterinary hospital in the city of Tunja, Colombia is presented. The owner reported that the patient had an intermittent cough for 2 months. The physical examination revealed the patient to be hyperactive, body condition 4/5, and faint heart sounds. Echocardiography, chest xray, and electrocardiogram were performed, revealing pericardial effusion, increased size of the cardiac silhouette, and deviation of the S-T segment. Initially, treatment was attempted with antibiotics, diuretics and anti-inflammatory agents, without a favourable response. Two months later, it was necessary to perform emergency pericardiocentesis due to cardiac tamponade, and partial subphrenic pericardiectomy. Histopathological analysis revealed a paraganglioma. The patient survived 673 days after surgical treatment.

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un canino de 10 años de edad, raza Golden Retriever, atendido en el hospital veterinario ASMEVET en la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia. El propietario reportó que el paciente tubo tos intermitente desde hace 2 meses. Al examen físico se evidencia al paciente hiperactivo, condición corporal 4/5, y con sonidos cardíacos apagados. Se realiza ecocardiografía, radiografía de tórax, y electrocardiograma, encontrando efusión pericárdica, aumento de tamaño de la silueta cardiaca y desviación del segmento S-T. Inicialmente se intentó tratar con antibiótico, diurético y antiinflamatorio, sin respuesta favorable. Dos meses después fue necesario realizar pericardiocentesis de urgencia por el taponamiento cardíaco, y pericardiectomía subfrénica parcial. El análisis histopatológico dio como resultado un paraganglioma. El paciente logra sobrevivir 673 días después del tratamiento quirúrgico.

Abstract: This article explores, drawing on a life story, the relationship of affinity, familiarity and interspecies kinship between Mauro - an elderly human with Parkinson's neurodegenerative disease - and Chabela, a dog racialized as a Miniature Schnauzer race. In the first section, we will discuss the theoretical-political framework within which this work is placed. In the second section, we will introduce the story of Mauro and Chabela understood as an interspecies event of caring, companionship, and love. Finally, we will carry out an exercise of interlocution with Chabela to unveil her power to affect, the importance that bodies acquire, and to radically transform the affective arrangements or the loving order of the human she lives with. This allows us to think multispecies futures in a counter-speciesist key and speculate with what we call xeno-families.

Resumen: Este artículo explora, a partir de un relato de vida, la relación de afinidad, familiaridad y parentesco interespecie entre Mauro, un humano de la tercera edad con una enfermedad neurodegenerativa (Parkinson) y Chabela, una perra racializada como schnauzer miniatura. En la primera parte discuto el marco teórico-político desde el que se enuncia este trabajo. En un segundo momento, introduzco el relato de Mauro y Chabela entendido como un evento interespecie de cuidado, compañía y amor. Por último, realizo un ejercicio de interlocución con Chabela para desvelar su potencia para afectar, la importancia que adquieren los cuerpos y transformar radicalmente las disposiciones afectivas o el orden amoroso del humano con quien convive, lo cual permite pensar futuros multiespecie en clave contra-especista y especular con lo que llamo xeno-familias.

Resumo: Este artigo estuda, com base em um relato de vida, a relação de afinidade, familiaridade e parentesco interespécie entre Mauro, um humano idoso com uma doença neurodegenerativa (Parkinson) e Chabela, uma cadela racializada como schnauzer miniatura. Na primeira parte, discuto o quadro teórico-político a partir do qual este trabalho se enuncia. Em uma segunda parte, apresento o relato de Mauro e Chabela, entendido como um evento interespécie de cuidado, companhia e amor. Por fim, faço um exercício de interlocução com Chabela para revelar sua potência para dar afeto, assim como a importância que os corpos adquirem e a transformação radical das disposições afetivas ou de ordem amorosa do humano com quem convive, o que nos permite pensar em futuros multiespécie em uma chave contra-especista e especular sobre o que chamo xenofamílias.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the ownership of pets and knowledge of zoonoses among residents in the district of Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Peru, in 2022. In total, 394 surveys were carried out, 30.5% in the urban area (Bambamarca city) and 69.5% in the rural area (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala and El Tuco). Of those surveyed, 54.8% were female, 20.8% had completed secondary school and the average age was 39.9 years. Besides, 58.4 and 35.5% of interviewees claimed to own dogs and cats, respectively. The person: dog ratio was 4:1 and person: cat was 6.7: 1; 45.2% of dog owners raised them as pets and 45% of cat owners raised them as rodent pest controllers; 67.9% of the dogs were males and 50.5% of the cats were females. The rate of sterilized animals was less than 4% in both species. In the case of dogs, 54.1% walked without restriction and 31.7% of cats were classified as «outdoor»; 50.3% of dog owners and 69.5% of cat owners mentioned performing internal deworming, and 45 and 61.5%, respectively, performed external deworming on a regular basis (at least every 3 months). Moreover, 58% of dogs and 12.8% of cats were reported to have been vaccinated against rabies in the last year. Ignorance of the meaning of the term zoonosis reached 95.4% of those surveyed; however, 90.4% said they knew that animals could transmit diseases to people, the most recognized being rabies (69.8%). It is concluded that it is necessary to develop health education campaigns so that pet owners develop responsible ownership and thus avoid negative impacts on public health and animal welfare.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la tenencia de animales de compañía y los conocimientos de zoonosis entre pobladores en el distrito de Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Perú, en 2022. Se realizaron 394 encuestas, siendo 30.5% en la zona urbana (Bambamarca ciudad) y 69.5% en la zona rural (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala y El Tuco). De los encuestados, 54.8% fueron mujeres, 20.8% contaban con secundaria completa y la edad promedio fue de 39.9 años. El 58.4 y 35.5% de entrevistados aseguraron poseer perros y gatos, respectivamente. La relación persona: perro fue 4:1 y persona: gato de 6.7: 1. El 45.2% de poseedores de canes lo criaban como mascota y el 45% de poseedores de gatos los criaban como controladores de plaga de roedores. El 67.9% de los perros fueron machos y 50.5% de los gatos fueron hembras. La tasa de animales esterilizados fue menor al 4% en ambas especies. En caso de los perros, 54.1% paseaban sin restricción y 31.7% de los gatos se clasificaron como «outdoor». El 50.3% de tenedores de perros y 69.5% de tenedores de gatos mencionaron realizar desparasitaciones internas, y 45 y 61.5%, respectivamente, desparasitaban externamente de manera regular (al menos cada 3 meses). El 58% de perros y el 12.8% de gatos fueron reportados como vacunados contra la rabia el último año. El desconocimiento del significado del término zoonosis alcanzó al 95.4% de los encuestados; sin embargo, el 90.4% afirmó conocer que los animales podrían transmitir enfermedades a las personas, siendo la más reconocida la rabia (69.8%). Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar campañas de educación sanitaria a fin de que los propietarios de animales de compañía desarrollen una tenencia responsable y evitar de esta forma impactos negativos sobre la salud pública y el bienestar animal.

Abstract Leishmaniosis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and, in the New World, is transmitted to mammals through the bite of blood-sucking dipteran insects of the genus Lutzomyia. Canines are susceptible to infection, developing the visceral form (VL) and the cutaneous form (CL) of the disease. Diagnostic methods include direct observation of the parasite by light microscopy, serology, or molecular biology techniques in samples from dogs with clinical signs and/or clinical suspicion. In this word, the usefulness of a nested PCR designed for the diagnosis of this pathology in dogs was evaluated. A total of 18 samples of EDTA pre-treated dog’s whole blood were analyzed. Dogs were from the city of Corrientes and presented clinical suspicion of suffering from leishmaniasis. From the samples, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and two successive rounds of amplification of a sequence that codes for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA were carried out. The results obtained from the nested PCRs were compared with this obtained from the direct parasitological method (gold standard). The applied technique showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 67% and negative predictive value of 100%, turning it into a valuable tool for diagnosing canine leishmaniosis.

Resumen La leishmaniosis es una enfermedad causada por parásitos protozoarios del género Leishmania y transmitida a mamíferos mediante la picadura de insectos dípteros hematófagos del género Lutzomyia en el nuevo mundo. Los caninos son susceptibles de adquirir la forma visceral y la forma cutánea de la enfermedad. Los métodos de diagnóstico incluyen observación directa del parásito por microscopía óptica, serología o técnicas de biología molecular en muestras de perros con signos clínicos evidentes y/o sospecha clínica. En este estudio se evaluó la utilidad de una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa anidada (PCRn) para el diagnóstico de dicha patología en perros. Se analizaron 18 muestras de sangre entera anticoagulada con EDTA de perros de la ciudad de Corrientes con sospecha clínica de padecer leishmaniosis. A partir de las mismas, se extrajo ácido desoxiribonucleico (ADN) y se realizaron dos rondas de amplificación sucesivas de una secuencia que codifica para la subunidad pequeña de ARN ribosomal. Los resultados obtenidos de las PCR anidadas fueron comparados con los resultados obtenidos a partir del método parasitológico directo considerado como gold standard. La técnica aplicada mostró sensibilidad del 100%, especificidad del 75%, valor predictivo positivo del 67% y valor predictivo negativo del 100% lo que la convierte en una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico de leishmaniosis canina.