ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the friction force on potatoes in the process of potato-soil separation, its influencing factors and laws, and establish a testing system of potato-friction force. It was verified that the potato mass, crank speed, and sieve inclination significantly affected the potato’s friction force along the sieve surface. The interaction of potato mass and crank speed had the greatest effect on the friction force on the potato along the sieve surface. In addition, under the same factors of potato mass of 200~400 g, crank speed of 200 r min-1, and sieve inclination of 14.7°, the friction force of potato along the sieve surface with soil was much greater than that along the sieve surface without soil, ranging between 2.32 and 4.85. potatosoil separation laws potatofriction potatos s addition 200400 400 200~40 g 20 min1, min1 min 1, 1 min-1 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2.3 485 4 85 4.85 20040 40 200~4 min- 14.7 23 3 2. 48 8 4.8 2004 200~ 14. 4.

RESUMO O presente estudo visou investigar a força de atrito durante o processo de separação da batata do solo, bem como os fatores e padrões que influenciam essa força, além de estabelecer um sistema de teste para medir a força de atrito das batatas. Verificou-se que a massa da batata, a velocidade da manivela e a inclinação da peneira têm um impacto significativo na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. A interação entre a massa da batata e a velocidade da manivela tem o maior impacto na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. Além disso, sob os mesmos fatores - massa da batata entre 200-400 g, velocidade da manivela em 200 r min-1 e ângulo inclinado da peneira em 14.7°, a força de atrito das batatas ao longo da superfície com o solo é muito maior do que ao longo da superfície sem solo, variando entre 2,32 e 4,85. Verificouse Verificou se disso 200400 400 200-40 g 20 min1 min 1 min- 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2,3 485 4 85 4,85 20040 40 200-4 14.7 23 3 2, 48 8 4,8 2004 200- 14. 4,

RESUMEN La integración de las tecnologías en la sala de clases es una situación problemática, que ha impedido al estudiantado incorporarse a la enseñanza digital. La reciente pandemia por el COVID 19 reveló brechas del capital cultural tecnológico familiar, cuestión relevante, porque la familia, es decir, padres y apoderados, son un factor en la integración de tecnología en la sala de clases de sus hijos en enseñanza básica. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue medir el grado de incidencia de la familia en la integración de tecnologías en las aulas. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, una técnica de encuesta, la aplicación de un cuestionario a padres de estudiantes de octavo año básico y el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se confirmó que, dentro del factor familiar, la disponibilidad de recursos es la variable de mayor incidencia en la integración digital en el aula, con un valor de regresión de 2.002; seguida del capital cultural tecnológico, con un valor de 1.443; y finalmente el uso y competencias tecnológicas, con un peso de 0.614.

ABSTRACT The integration of technologies in the classroom is a problematic situation, which has prevented students from incorporating digital learning. The recent COVID 19 pandemic revealed gaps in the family technological cultural capital, a relevant issue, because the family, i.e. parents and guardians, are a factor in the integration of technology in the classroom of their children in elementary school. The general objective of this doctoral research was to measure the degree of incidence of the family in the integration of technologies in the classroom. Through a quantitative methodology, the survey technique, the application of a questionnaire to parents of eighth grade students and the use of a structural equation model, it was confirmed that, within the family factor, the availability of resources is the variable with the greatest impact on digital integration in the classroom, with a regression value of 2.002; followed by the technological cultural capital, with a value of 1.443; and finally the use and technological skills, with a weight of 0.614.

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to examine the dimension of persistence as an analytical category for collective action. For this, the results of a doctoral thesis are presented. There, the processes of political subjectivation of young people who organize and support -for more than fifteen years- popular mobilizations against police violence in Córdoba, Argentina, were studied. The collective action considered was the so-called Marcha de la Gorra, on which an ethnographic work was carried out with a psychosocial perspective. In addition to the preparation of field notes, in-depth interviews and short interviews, called ongoing conversations, were conducted. More than sixty young activists participated in these instances. From the production of data and analysis in a sustained manner, the dimension of the persistence of the March was gaining analytical significance. After eight years of duration, the longitudinal study allowed to consider the qualitative value of the persistence of collective action and its implication on the subjectivity of young people. Likewise, it was shown as a key dimension in the establishment of connections between the action in the public space and their daily territories.

Resumen El propósito del trabajo es examinar la dimensión de la persistencia como categoría analítica de la acción colectiva. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una tesis de doctorado en la que se abordaron los procesos de subjetivación política de jóvenes que organizan y sostienen -desde hace más de quince años- movilizaciones populares frente a la violencia policial en Córdoba, Argentina. La acción colectiva estudiada fue la llamada Marcha de la Gorra, sobre la que se realizó un trabajo etnográfico con una perspectiva psicosocial. Además de la elaboración de notas de campo, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas breves, denominadas conversaciones en marcha. En estas instancias participaron más de sesenta jóvenes activistas. A partir de la producción de datos y análisis de manera sostenida, la dimensión de la persistencia de la Marcha fue cobrando significatividad analítica. Tras ocho años de duración, el estudio longitudinal permitió considerar el valor cualitativo de la persistencia de la acción colectiva y su implicancia en la subjetividad de las y los jóvenes. Asimismo, se mostró como una dimensión clave en el establecimiento de conexiones entre la acción en el espacio público y sus territorios cotidianos.

Abstract This article brings light to one of the phases of doctorate-level investigation on the role of the universities in Ecuador for the social innovation process. The objective is to identify investigation projects performed with participation of Ecuadorian universities from the approach of social management with several actors involved. A systematic literature-based mapping was used to choose and analyze 33 publications to identify investigation performed with participative methodologies such as co-design, co-production or investigation-action. The databases WoS and Scopus were used, with results showing that there is a limited number of investigation applying co-design, no investigations with co-production, and most of the articles studies report to have used investigation-action. Several projects that imply participation of the community related to the issue were presented in most cases. This mapping presented 12 projects that align with the social innovation process, applying methods and techniques that promote actor participation, which also supports the understanding of how universities may fulfill their substantive function of performing research while responding to contextualized social needs.

Resumen Este artículo expone una de las fases de la investigación doctoral sobre el rol de las universidades ecuatorianas en el proceso de innovación social. El objetivo es identificar proyectos de investigación que se han realizado con la participación de universidades ecuatorianas desde el enfoque de la gestión social e integran diversos actores. Mediante un mapeo sistemático de literatura se seleccionaron y analizaron 33 publicaciones para identificar investigaciones realizadas con metodologías participativas como codiseño, coproducción o investigación-acción. Se usaron las bases de datos WoS y Scopus; los resultados muestran que existen limitadas investigaciones que apliquen codiseño, no se identifican investigaciones de coproducción, mientras la mayoría de los artículos analizados reportan haber aplicado investigación-acción. Se presentan diferentes proyectos que implican la participación de la comunidad relacionada con la problemática que se intenta resolver en la mayoría de los casos. Este mapeo permitió encontrar doce proyectos que se alinean al proceso de innovación social, aplicando métodos y técnicas que fomentan la participación de los actores, lo que aporta en la comprensión de cómo las universidades pueden cumplir su función sustantiva de investigación respondiendo necesidades sociales contextualizadas.

Resumo Esse artigo apresenta uma das fases da investigação ao nível doutoral com o papel das universidades equatorianas no processo de inovação social. O objetivo é identificar projetos de investigação realizados com a participação de universidades equatorianas com foco na gestão social e integração de vários atores. Um mapeamento sistemático de literatura ajudou a selecionar e analisar 33 publicações para identificar investigações realizadas com metodologias participativas tais como co-desenho, coprodução ou pesquisa-ação. Usaram-se as bases de data WoS e Scopus, e os resultados mostram que existem investigações limitadas que aplicam co-desenho, nenhuma que aplica coprodução, e a maioria dos artigos estudados reportam ter aplicado pesquisa-ação. Presentam-se vários projetos que se alinham com o processo de inovação social, com métodos e técnicas que promovem a participação da comunidade relacionada com a problemática para resolver na maioria dos casos. O mapeamento ajudou achar 12 projetos que se alinham com o processo de inovação social, com métodos e técnicas que provem a participação dos atores, ajudando com a compreensão do jeito no qual as universidades podem satisfazer a sua função substantiva de pesquisar, enquanto respondendo às necessidades sociais contextualizadas.

the proposal presented in this work is based on doctoral experience of two researchers – the first one referring to the socio-biographical study of Max Weber ouvre and, the second one, about the work reception of Henri Lefebvre in Brazil – associated with an project of collective investigation about intellectuals, social thought and the circulation of sociological ideas in Brazil. Sustained by these two layers of historical experience, it was possible to confirm the need for a established articulation between the area of sociology of intellectuals, under the hegemony of the Bourdieusian interpretation of the structuring of the field, based on the social position occupied by these agents, and of a sociology of culture interested in the immanent meaning of intellectual artifacts, whether physical – books, magazines, newspapers, collections – or strictly symbolic – theories, concepts, images, metaphors. The solution to the difficult correlation between the historical-social context of intellectual production and the symbolic-discursive construction of the text is given by a way of dealing with the problem, an intellectual attitude that questions the object and subject of knowledge, constituting a more effective response to the dilemma presented above than the continuous movement of production of “new” theoretical-methodological models that are more comprehensive, synthetic or revolutionary than their ancestors.

A proposta apresentada neste trabalho parte da experiência de doutoramento de dois pesquisadores – a primeira referente ao estudo sócio-biográfico da obra de Max Weber e, a segunda, sobre a recepção de Henri Lefebvre no Brasil – associados a um projeto de investigação coletiva sobre intelectuais, pensamento social e circulação das ideias sociológicas no Brasil. Partindo dessas diferentes camadas de experiência histórica, foi possível constatar a necessidade de uma articulação estabelecida entre a área da sociologia dos intelectuais, sob a hegemonia da interpretação bourdieusiana da estruturação do campo, a partir da posição social ocupada por esses agentes, e de uma sociologia da cultura interessada no significado imanente dos  artefatos intelectuais, quer sejam físicos – livros, revistas, jornais, coleções – ou estritamente simbólicos – teorias, conceitos, imagens, metáforas. A solução para a difícil correlação entre o contexto histórico-social de produção intelectual e a construção simbólico discursiva do texto, está dada por uma forma de tratamento do problema, uma atitude intelectual que interpela objeto e sujeito do conhecimento, constituindo-se como resposta mais eficaz ao dilema acima apresentado do que o contínuo movimento de produção de “novos” modelos teórico-metodológicos mais abrangentes, sintéticos ou revolucionário que os seus antepassados.

Historically, in patriarchal societies, women have been responsible for educating children and transmitting culture at various levels: linguistic, food, artistic and customs. In anti-colonial struggles, women are seen as fundamental to the consolidation of nationalist revolutions; however, their political and intellectual contributions are erased in official histories. This paper presents the action and international circulation of a group of Timorese women who, in exile in Portugal and Mozambique, developed a decolonial feminist pedagogy and represent an important layer for the transmission and circulation of knowledge, practices and wisdom. In contact with the cultural crossroads that exile forced, they generated new forms of struggle and political understanding for this group of women. In dialogue with decolonial theories, this paper is part of an ongoing doctoral research and proposes the perspective of a decolonial feminist pedagogy.

Historicamente, nas sociedades patriarcais, mulheres são responsáveis pela educação de crianças e transmissão cultural em diversos níveis: linguístico, alimentar, artístico e de costumes. Nos processos de luta anticolonial, mulheres são vistas como fundamentais para a consolidação revolucionária nacionalista, no entanto, suas contribuições políticas e intelectuais são apagadas nas histórias oficiais. Este trabalho apresenta a atuação e circulação internacional de um grupo de mulheres timorenses que, no exílio em Portugal e Moçambique, desenvolveram uma pedagogia feminista decolonial e representam uma camada importante para a transmissão e circulação de conhecimentos, práticas e saberes. Em contato com as encruzilhadas culturais que o exílio forçou, geraram novas formas de luta e compreensão política para este grupo de mulheres. Em diálogo com as teorias decoloniais, este trabalho é parte de pesquisa de doutorado em andamento e propõe a perspectiva de uma pedagogia decolonial feminista.

Abstract This article analyzes the social, family, and country relations between a Zapotec community on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the main cities where they emigrate to pursue higher education. At the same time, it shows the transformations in gender relations that have arisen because of these migratory processes for educational purposes. This work is part of a long-term investigation on the topic, carried out initially for my bachelor's and master's thesis and later as part of the development of my doctoral thesis from 2009 to 2013. Likewise, in the intermittent research that I have carried out to date, the results are expressed in various articles and book chapters. It is part of the studies of the anthropology of education and is based on the analytical perspective proposed by María Bertely (1997, 1998, 2004, 2019) on schooling processes, ethnogenesis, de facto autonomy, and synchronic/diachronic approach to understanding how micro and community processes, apparently isolated in time, are connected to structural, macro-social, global, and long-term processes, such as school, in its broadest sense. The methodology is based on the use of genealogy, ethnography, interviews, and participant observation as classic tools of anthropology. Among the results, we find that access to the school system, and specifically to higher education, serves as a tool for obtaining, manipulating, and preserving ethnic citizenship; for the transformation of ethnic and gender identities; and the formation of strategic alliances with the nation-state and its government policies. In that sense, the work represents an original study, analyzing the cases of Zapotec literate families of the middle and upper class, rare in Mexican anthropology. However, we will see that having class privileges does not exempt Zapotecs from experiencing racism, discrimination, and gender inequalities in the context of migration.

Resumen Este artículo analiza las relaciones sociales, familiares y de paisanaje entre una comunidad zapoteca del Istmo de Tehuantepec y las principales ciudades a donde emigran para escolarizarse a nivel superior. Al mismo tiempo, muestra las transformaciones en las relaciones de género que se han suscitado como resultado de estos procesos migratorios con fines educativos. Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación de largo aliento sobre el tema, realizada en un primer momento, para mi tesis de licenciatura y maestría, y posteriormente para el desarrollo de mi tesis doctoral del año 2009 al año 2013. Asimismo, en las investigaciones intermitentes que he llevado a cabo hasta la fecha, cuyos resultados se expresan en diversos artículos y capítulos de libro. Se inscribe dentro de los estudios de la antropología de la educación y se fundamenta en la perspectiva de análisis propuesta por María Bertely (1997, 1998, 2004, 2019) sobre procesos de escolarización, etnogénesis, autonomía de facto, y enfoque sincrónico/diacrónico, para entender cómo procesos micro y comunitarios, aparentemente aislados en el tiempo, se conectan a procesos estructurales, macrosociales, de carácter global y de largo aliento, como es la escuela, en su sentido más amplio. La metodología está basada en el uso de la genealogía, la etnografía, la entrevista y la observación participante como herramientas clásicas de la antropología. Entre los resultados encontramos que el acceso al dispositivo escolar, y específicamente a la educación superior, funge como herramienta para la obtención, manipulación y preservación de la ciudadanía étnica; para la transformación de las identidades étnicas y genéricas; y la formación de alianzas estratégicas con el Estado-nación y sus políticas gubernamentales. En ese sentido, el trabajo representa un estudio original, al analizar los casos de las familias letradas zapotecas de clase media y alta, escasos en la antropología mexicana. No obstante, veremos que contar con privilegios de clase no exime a los zapotecos de experimentar racismo, discriminación y desigualdades de género en los contextos de la migración.

RESUMO A forma de fazer ciência hoje é marcada pelos avanços tecnológicos. Seu uso, porém, não é suficiente para demonstrar a qualidade dos resultados científicos. A criatividade é, até agora, exclusiva do homem, por isso é imposto um equilíbrio para que o resultado seja de excelência. Portanto, o trabalho apresentado direciona sua atenção para a concepção de um programa de aperfeiçoamento profissional para o processo de construção de texto científico. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos como analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural-funcional; e empíricas como observação participante e estruturada, análise documental e levantamento. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um programa de aperfeiçoamento profissional para o processo de construção do texto científico do Programa de Diploma da Escola Preparatória para a Formação Doutoral, da Universidade de Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca”. Na pesquisa realizada foi especificada a passagem pelos subprocessos de planejamento, textualização e autorrevisão no processo de construção do texto científico e a aplicação do ChatGPT como ferramenta de ensino; Além disso, promoveu-se a aprendizagem autorregulada onde são implementadas estratégias cognitivas, metacognitivas e afetivas, e o uso de recursos educacionais e a ciência aberta são incorporados como paradigma.

ABSTRACT The way science is done today is marked by technological advances. Their use, however, is not enough to show the quality of scientific results. Creativity is, up to now, exclusive of man, so that a balance is necessary for the result to be of excellence. For this reason, the work presented here focuses on designing a professional improvement program for the scientific text construction process. Theoretical methods such as analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural-functional were used, as well as empirical methods such as participant and structured observation, document analysis and survey. As a result, a professional improvement program was elaborated for the process of the construction of the scientific text of the Diploma Program of the Preparatory School for Doctoral Training, at the University of Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". In the research carried out, the transit through the subprocesses of planning, textualization and self-revision in the process of construction of the scientific text and the application of ChatGPT as a teaching tool were specified; in addition, self-regulated learning was promoted where cognitive, metacognitive and affective strategies are implemented, and the use of educational resources and open science as a paradigm is incorporated.

RESUMEN La manera de hacer ciencia hoy está marcada por los avances tecnológicos.Su uso, sin embargo, no es suficiente para mostrar la calidad de los resultados científicos.La creatividad es, hasta ahora, privativa del hombre, por lo que se impone un equilibrio para que el resultado sea de excelencia. Por ello, el trabajo que se presenta dirige su atención a diseñar un programa de superación profesional para el proceso de construcción del texto científico. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el analítico-sintético, el inductivo-deductivo y el sistémico-estructural-funcional; y empíricos como la observación participante y estructurada, el análisis de documentos y la encuesta. Como resultadose elaboró un programa de superación profesional para el proceso de la construcción del texto científico del Programa de Diplomado de la Escuela Preparatoria para la Formación Doctoral, en la Universidad de Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca”.En la investigación realizada, se precisó el tránsito por los subprocesos de planeación, textualización y autorrevisión en el proceso de construcción del texto científico y la aplicación de ChatGPT como herramienta docente; además, se promovió el aprendizaje autorregulado donde se implementen estrategias cognitivas, metacognitivas y afectivas, y se incorpore el uso de recursos educativos y la ciencia abierta como un paradigma.

RESUMEN El estudio del Estado del Arte para las investigaciones en Ciencias Pedagógicas o Ciencias de la Educación, es una temática con carencia de sistematización e implementación consensuada, al interior de la academia cubana, no así en otros países de Latinoamérica como México, Colombia y Perú. No obstante, los aportes visibilizados en estos países, redundan en qué es y significa esta herramienta, sus alcances y posturas tanto epistemológicas como metodológicas, para dejar una fisura en cuáles son los indicadores para medir la calidad de su construcción de manera consciente, al lograr se implemente en la formación académica de posgrado; y por consiguiente la construcción de informes de investigación de Maestría y Doctorado. Por ello, el autor dentro de la sección de Epistemología Pedagógica del Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios en Epistemología Pedagógica, aporta una Matriz de evaluación del Estado del Arte, que bajo un procedimiento matemático básico, establece con enfoque mixto, la posibilidad de dicha medición, sustentada en indicadores universalizados, con alcance crítico valorativo. La matriz aportada, no solo es de provecho para los procesos de construcción de informes de investigación, sino que su valor trasciende este marco para ser herramienta de utilidad por miembros de tribunales, plantas académicas, oponentes y tutores.

ABSTRACT The study of the State of the Art for research in Pedagogical Sciences or Educational Sciences is a topic with a lack of systematization and consensual implementation, within the Cuban academy, unlike in other Latin American countries such as Mexico, Colombia and Peru. However, the contributions made visible in these countries reflect what this tool is and means, its scope and both epistemological and methodological positions, to leave a gap in what the indicators are to measure the quality of its construction in a conscious manner, by achieving is implemented in postgraduate academic training; and consequently, the construction of Master's and Doctoral research reports. For this reason, the author, within the Pedagogical Epistemology section of the Latin American Center for Studies in Pedagogical Epistemology, provides an evaluation matrix of the State of the Art, which under a basic mathematical procedure, establishes with a mixed approach, the possibility of said measurement, supported in universalized indicators, with critical evaluative scope. The matrix provided is not only useful for the processes of constructing research reports, but its value transcends this framework to be a useful tool for members of tribunals, academic staff, opponents and tutors.

RESUMEN En la contemporaneidad globalizada diversas problemáticas inciden y repercuten en la vida del hombre como ente social. De ahí que, las universidades proyecten procesos formativos conforme a los desafíos y demandas educativas de la Agenda 2030. Cuba, inmersa en trasformaciones de su modelo económico, político y social, redimensiona la preparación para el empleo en la Educación Superior, desde la formación continua, en función de lograr egresados dotados de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, valores y competencias socio-profesionales para insertarse en el mercado laboral. En ese contexto, el artículo presenta un modelo de gestión formativa en la preparación para el empleo en el Ingeniero Informático en la Universidad de Oriente, constructo articulador en la concreción de las competencias socio-profesionales. El constructo teórico-práctico que expresa el vínculo universidad-empresa, emerge de los resultados de la formación doctoral. En tal sentido, se asumen métodos que permiten relacionar los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el modelo propuesto en interrelación con las categorías, a partir del análisis-síntesis, la revisión documental de investigaciones que se asumen y comparten, los que avalan la propuesta en su significación, importancia, actualidad e impacto.

ABSTRACT In today's globalized world, various problems affect and have repercussions on the life of man as a social entity. Hence, universities project training processes in accordance with the educational challenges and demands of the 2030 Agenda. Cuba, immersed in transformations of its economic, political and social model, resizes preparation for employment in Higher Education, from continuous training, in order to achieve graduates equipped with knowledge, skills, values and socio-professional competencies to enter the labor market. In this context, the article presents a training management model in preparation for employment in the Computer Engineer at the University of Oriente, an articulating construct in the realization of socio-professional competencies. The theoretical-practical construct that expresses the university-company link emerges from the results of doctoral training. In this sense, methods are assumed that allow relating the theoretical aspects that support the proposed model in interrelation with the categories, based on the analysis-synthesis, the documentary review of research that is assumed and shared, which endorse the proposal in its significance, importance, topicality and impact.

RESUMEN La superación del promotor del programa comunitario educa a tu hijo (PETH), es un proceso que trasciende la formación continua de los profesionales de la primera infancia por su encargo social. Guarda una estrecha relación con los cambios por los que ha transitado la sociedad en su decursar y respondiendo de manera directa a la gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Es en tal sentido que en la presente investigación se frecen algunos resultados de la investigación realizada para estudios de formación doctoral que permiten identificar las diferentes etapas y características que distinguen el desarrollo histórico del proceso de superación en educación ambiental del promotor (PETH) para su gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Para un correcto estudio del proceso se utilizaron los métodos teóricos como el análisis - síntesis, la inducción - deducción, el histórico - lógico permitió realizar un análisis cronológico sincrónico y dialéctico de la evolución del proceso de manera global y especificar su impacto en la superación de los promotores en Cuba y en particular en el municipio San Luis. Los resultados revelaron que el proceso ha transitado por diferentes etapas, de cuyo estudio resultan sus características fundamentales con especial interés en la primera infancia.

ABSTRACT The overcoming of the promoter of the community program educates your son (PETH), it is a process that the continuous formation of the professionals of the first childhood transcends for its social responsibility. He keeps a narrow relationship with the changes for those that it has trafficked the society and responding from a direct way to the environmental administration in the rural context. It is in such a sense that in the present investigation you frecen some results of the investigation carried out for studies of doctoral formation that allow to identify the different stages and characteristic that distinguish the historical development of the overcoming process in the promoter's environmental education (PETH) for their environmental administration in the rural context. For a correct study of the process the theoretical methods were used as the analysis - synthesis, the induction - deduction, the historical one - logical he/she allowed to carry out a synchronous and dialectical chronological analysis of the evolution of the process in a global way and to specify their impact in the overcoming of the promoters in Cuba and in particular in the municipality San Luis. The results revealed that the process has trafficked for different stages of whose study is their fundamental characteristics with special interest in the first childhood.

Resumen Germán Claus Friedmann es uno de los principales historiadores sobre los germanoparlantes de la Argentina en las décadas de 1930 y 1940. Actualmente se desempeña como Investigador del CONICET y profesor en la cátedra de Historia Contemporánea en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UBA. Entre otros aportes académicos, su tesis doctoral, editada posteriormente como Alemanes antinazis en la Argentina (Siglo XXI, 2010), ha marcado el rumbo del campo historiográfico y la germanística de la Argentina hasta la actualidad, exponiendo a instituciones, personalidades y colectivos de la comunidad germanoparlante como actores vivos en la política y la cultura nacional. En esta entrevista, recorremos su trayectoria académica, analizamos la formación del campo, reflexionamos sobre las formas de interpretar los hechos del pasado y dialogamos sobre algunos de sus principales aportes historiográficos.

Abstract Germán Claus Friedmann is one of the leading historians of German-speaking communities in Argentina in the 1930s and 1940s. He is currently a researcher in the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET) and a professor of Contemporary History at the School of Social Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. Among other academic contributions, his thesis Alemanes antinazis en la Argentina (Siglo XXI, 2010) has had an impact in general historiography and in German studies, placing institutions, personalities, and groups of German-speaking communities in Argentina as dynamic actors in local politics and culture. In this interview, we go through his academic career, analyze the conformation of this specific field of study, reflect on interpretations about the past, and discuss some of his main historiographical contributions.

Qualitative research is, oftentimes, an emotional, relational, political and intellectual rollercoaster ride. This heightens the risk of methodological, ethical and relational fallouts. Constructivist grounded theory enables researchers to confront the multiple ways in which deeply embedded aspects of identity, personal values, biases and emergent research relationships impact the research process. In this article, we demonstrate how a reflexive stance in constructivist grounded theory enhances bracketing and loosens the grip of both positionality and methodolatry. The discussion draws on the lived experiences of conducting and supervising autobiographically inclined doctoral research. The article underscores the need for a strong reflexive stance, not just during fieldwork, but right from the onset, at the conceptualisation stage. A reflexive stance, on the part of both students and supervisors stands to benefit the decolonisation project and can help guard against epistemic violence.

A constructive learning experience for postgraduate students is important for higher educational institutions, particularly in emerging markets such as South Africa. The context of the student and supervisor relationship, operating in an intensive service delivery system, is also vitally important in this context, in order to secure a positive and successful learning outcome for the student. This study's aim is to evaluate postgraduate students' learning experience in an intensive higher educational service delivery system. It places the student at the center of a service design and relationship marketing approach, and highlights several areas of exploration. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Several online interviews were conducted with masters and doctoral students. The data was collected online and analysed using inductive content analysis. The main results indicate that, overall, the students' experience and emotions were positive, but that the lecturer, as internal stakeholder in the service system, should receive more support. The contributions of this study are in the practical implementation of an improved service design experience, and the elimination of possible service gaps, to secure customer loyalty and effective service delivery.

Students' research, interactivity, experiences, and exposure have increasingly become important indicators of quality in higher education, however these expectations declined during COVID-19 pandemic. While studies have been conducted on postgraduate students' experiences during their studies, there is lack of empirical evidence on their experiences during COVID-19 pandemic, specifically at open distance learning institutions (ODLs). To bridge this identified gap, qualitative exploratory research was conducted to explore the experiences of postgraduate students registered in master's and doctoral programmes at the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, during the pandemic. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. Online interviews via Microsoft Teams were used for data collection. The interviews were recorded and the data obtained were analysed thematically. Findings revealed both positive and negative experiences. Anxiety, exhaustion and frustration due to sickness, death of family members, poor communication from the university, inadequate resources and poor internet access affected students' studies. Some participants reported lack of supervisory communication and support, while others applauded the continuous support of their supervisors and the university's improvement of its electronic communication linkages. Microsoft Teams was newly adopted. Working from home also gave them an opportunity to accelerate their studies. In conclusion based on the findings the researcher recommended that the university continue to improve academic support and address the mental health of students to prepare them to accept current and future unforeseen circumstances positively. Strengthening collaboration with national and international partners to enhance continuous online communication between the university and the students should also be considered.