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RESUMO As pimenteiras ornamentais apresentam variabilidade genética que pode ser acessada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. A seleção de genótipos para formação de população base para o melhoramento pode ser realizada por meio de análise conjunta de vários tipos de dados, proporcionando maior precisão na seleção. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade entre acessos de pimenta com base na análise de características fenotípicas e marcadores moleculares e selecionar os melhores para serem utilizados como parentais em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados 16 genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, e caracterizados quanto a oito caracteres quantitativos, nove qualitativos e 18 pares de iniciadores microssatélites. As análises simultâneas das variáveis foram realizadas usando o método de agrupamento de Tocher, agrupamento do algoritmo de Ward e a matriz de dissimilaridades. Os métodos de agrupamentos foram eficientes na separação dos genótipos, identificando variabilidade genética e precisão na seleção por meio da análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Diferentes grupos foram formados entre os genótipos pelo método de Tocher (seis grupos) e pelo método de Ward (três grupos). Existe variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, considerando análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Características qualitativas são importantes na identificação de divergência genética entre acessos de pimenteira ornamental. Os genótipos UFPB 46, 134, 137, 443 e 449, o mini pimentão Akamu e a cultivar Calypso são indicados para seleção, podem ser utilizados para realizar cruzamentos e dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. perspectiva Paraíba Brasil 1 quantitativos microssatélites dissimilaridades seis três grupos. . ornamental 46 134 137 44 449 genético 4 13

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants have genetic variability, which can be accessed through morphological and molecular traits. Genotype selection to form the base population for breeding can be performed through the joint analysis of several types of data, providing greater selection accuracy. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity among pepper accessions based on analysis of phenotypic traits and molecular markers and to select the best ones to use as parents in breeding programs. The study was carried out at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. Sixteen ornamental pepper genotypes were used and characterized for eight quantitative traits, nine qualitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers. Simultaneous variable analyses were performed using Tocher’s clustering method, Ward’s clustering algorithm, and the dissimilarity matrix. The clustering methods were efficient in separating the genotypes, identifying genetic variability, and accuracy in the selection through the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Different groups were formed among the genotypes by Tocher’s method (six groups) and Ward’s method (three groups). There is genetic variability among ornamental pepper genotypes considering the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Qualitative traits are important in the identification of genetic divergence among ornamental pepper accessions. The UFPB genotypes 46, 134, 137, 443 and 449, the mini pepper Akamu, and the cultivar Calypso are indicated for selection and can be used to carry out crosses and continue the breeding program. data perspective programs Paraíba Brazil 1 primers Tochers Tocher s Wards Ward algorithm matrix six three groups. . 46 134 137 44 449 Akamu program 4 13

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v29n2e278261

Composición de aves asociada a fincas de cacao orgánico en Región Huetar Norte, Costa Rica
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Carvajal Alfaro, Vanessa

; Oviedo, Paul E.

Uniciencia

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Dic 2024, Volumen 38 Nº 1 Paginas 138 - 146

Resumen: Es Pt En | Texto: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo fue analizar la composición de aves asociadas a cultivos orgánicos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) manejado debajo de 3 diferentes tipos de cobertura arbórea. (Metodología) Distribuimos 3 puntos de conteo en cada finca, para registrar todas las aves observadas y escuchadas, en muestreos de 5 minutos. Los conteos fueron realizados por triplicado, tanto en las primeras horas de la mañana como al atardecer. La diferencia en la composición de la avifauna entre las fincas fue analizada con la prueba ANOSIM. Las abundancias se transformaron por medio de la función decostand y el método Hellinger del paquete estadístico R-Vegan. La agrupación de las especies entre las plantaciones se efectuó mediante el escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (nMDS) y el índice de Bray-Curtis. La contribución de las especies a la disimilitud entre grupos fue analizada con el módulo SIMPER. Consideramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando P ≤ 0,05. (Resultados) Observamos 428 individuos, clasificados en 49 especies y 23 familias. La finca donde las plantas de cacao crecen en condiciones más sombreadas, debido al desarrollo del dosel, mostró mayor cantidad de especies (34) y de individuos (146). La composición de aves varió significativamente entre las fincas (F(1,8) = 3,22; P < 0,02). La abundancia media de 19 especies (39,6 %) hizo notar diferencias significativas (P < 0,05), al comparar la finca con mayor sombra y menor sombra. (Conclusión) La composición de aves es más compleja en aquellas fincas de cacao orgánico que conservan un mayor desarrollo estructural de los árboles de dosel y que están cerca de bosque en regeneración.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo foi analisar a composição das aves associadas às plantações de cacau orgânico (Theobroma cacao) manejadas sob três tipos diferentes de cobertura arbórea. (Metodologia) Distribuímos 3 pontos de contagem em cada fazenda, para registrar todas as aves observadas e ouvidas, em amostragens de 5 minutos. As contagens foram realizadas em triplicata, tanto nas primeiras horas da manhã quanto no final da tarde. A diferença na composição da avifauna entre as fazendas foi analisada com o teste ANOSIM. As abundâncias foram transformadas usando a função de costande o método Hellinger do pacote estatístico R-Vegan. O agrupamento de espécies entre as plantações foi feito usando o escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (nMDS) e o índice de Bray-Curtis. A contribuição das espécies para a dissimilaridade entre os grupos foi analisada com o módulo SIMPER. Consideramos as diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando P ≤ 0,05. (Resultados) Observamos 428 indivíduos, classificados em 49 espécies e 23 famílias. A fazenda onde as plantas de cacau crescem em condições mais sombreadas, devido ao desenvolvimento do dossel, apresentou um número maior de espécies (34) e indivíduos (146). A composição das aves variou significativamente entre as fazendas (F(1,8) = 3,2 apresentou diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) n; Paco< 0, mpa 02). A abundância média de 19 espécies (39,6%) ração entre a fazenda mais sombreada e a menos sombreada. (Conclusão) A composição das avesé mais complexa nas fazendas de cacau orgânico que mantêm árvores de dossel mais desenvolvidas estruturalmente e estão próximas à floresta em regeneração.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of birds associated with organic cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops managed under 3 different types of tree cover. (Methodology) Three census points were established in each farm to record all birds observed and heard in 5-minute sample periods. Counts were conducted in triplicate, both in the early morning and at dusk. Differences in avifauna composition between farms were analyzed using the ANOSIM test. Abundances were transformed using the Decostand function and the Hellinger method in the R-Vegan statistical package. Analysis of clustering of species among plantations was performed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and the Bray-Curtis index. Contribution of species to the dissimilarity between groups was analyzed with the SIMPER module. Statistically significant differences were considered when P ≤ 0.05. (Results) Four hundred and twenty-eight individuals were observed, and classified into 49 species and 23 families. The farms where cocoa plants grow in shadier conditions due to canopy development showed a higher number of species (34) and individuals (146). Bird comp P < 0.02). The mean abundance of 19 species osit (39.ion 6%) varied significantly between farms (F (1,8) = 3.22; showed significant differences (P < 0.05) when comparing the farms with the most and least shade. (Conclusion) Bird composition is more complex on organic cocoa farms, which have more developed canopies and are near regenerating forests.

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.8

Variación espacio-temporal de la diversidad de escarabajos Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelidae) en el bosque seco tropical del Caribe colombiano
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Sarmiento-Roa*, José-Daniel

; Arenas-Clavijo, Anderson

; Martínez-Hernández, Neis-José

Revista de Biología Tropical

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Dic 2024, Volumen 72 Nº 1 elocation e52855

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72i1.52855

Aquatic macroinvertebrate community and water quality in the Tambo River, Arequipa, Perú
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Coayla-Peñaloza, Pastor

; Cheneaux-Diaz, André-Alexander

; Moreno-Salazar, Claudia-Viviana

; Cruz-Remache, Cynthia-Elizabeth

; Damborenea, Cristina

Revista de Biología Tropical

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Dic 2024, Volumen 72 Nº 1 elocation e56670

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: The River Tambo basin is one of the main hydrographic systems of the Peruvian western watershed, being a source of development for agriculture, agroindustry, livestock, and domestic use in the Tambo Valley and Arequipa City. Objective: To analyze the structure of macroinvertebrates in River Tambo, Perú and assess the water quality through this community. Methods: Five sampling events were conducted between December 2018 and November 2019 in 12 stations, using a Surber net (500 μm). Macroinvertebrates were identified at a family level. To assess community structure, richness, Simpson’s dominance index (D), Pielou’s evenness (J’), and true diversity of order 1 were determined. A nMDS based on the Bray-Curtis index was used to evaluate dissimilarity. To check for differences in community structure, ANOSIM and two-way MANOVA were used. SIMPER was used to establish family contribution to sample similarity. Relations between physicochemical and biological variables were determined by CCA. ABI index was applied to assess ecological quality. Results: 32 families were recognized, being the most abundant: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae, and Elmidae. The middle and low zones of the basin showed the highest and lowest diversity respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the community structure indices among the 12 stations differed. There was a higher similarity among the 12 stations in December. ABI scores increased from the low to the middle part of the river, which showed the highest ecological quality. Conclusion: Macroinvertebrate communities from River Tambo reflect ecosystem conditions. Environments impacted by human activities show lower diversity and ecological quality, due to the structure, habitat, and water quality of the river being altered.

Resumen Introducción: La cuenca del rio Tambo es uno de los principales sistemas hidrográficos de la vertiente occidental del Perú y fuente de desarrollo para la agricultura, agroindustria, ganadería y consumo doméstico en el valle de Tambo y la ciudad de Arequipa. Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de macroinvertebrados en el río Tambo, Perú y evaluar la calidad del agua a través de esta comunidad. Métodos: Entre diciembre del 2018 y noviembre del 2019 se realizaron cinco muestreos en 12 estaciones, empleando una red Surber (500 μm). Los macroinvertebrados se identificaron a nivel de familia. Se registró la riqueza, dominancia de Simpson, equidad de Pielou, y diversidad verdadera de orden 1, para evaluar la estructura de la comunidad. Para estimar la similitud, se utilizó nMDS (índice de Bray-Curtis). Para verificar si existen diferencias en la estructura comunitaria, se empleó MANOVA de dos vías y ANOSIM. Para establecer la contribución de las familias a la similitud entre muestras, se utilizó SIMPER. La relación entre variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas se determinó con ACC. Se aplicó el índice ABI para evaluar la calidad ecológica. Resultados: se reconocieron 32 familias, siendo las más abundantes: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae y Elmidae. La mayor y menor diversidad se presentó en la parte media y baja de la cuenca respectivamente. Existieron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) de los índices de estructura comunitaria entre las 12 estaciones. Se evidenció mayor similitud entre las 12 estaciones en diciembre. Los puntajes del índice ABI se incrementan de la parte baja del río a la media, que se presentó la mejor calidad ecológica. Conclusión: Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados del río Tambo reflejan el estado del ecosistema. Los ambientes con impacto por actividad humana registran menor diversidad y calidad ecológica, ya que se altera la estructura, hábitat y calidad de agua del río.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72i1.56670

Analysis of Relationships between Co-Symmetric Dissimilarity Measures of Probability Distributions with Involutive Negations
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Ensástegui-Ortega, María Elena

; Batyrshin, Ildar

; Gelbukh, Alexander

; Kubysheva, Nailya

Computación y Sistemas

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Jun 2024, Volumen 28 Nº 2 Paginas 701 - 707

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Learning from data in almost any human activity is a very important task, usually using similarity or dissimilarity between data. Recently, it was shown the importance of considering the involution operation defined on the data domain which reflects a symmetry of data structures. This symmetry should be taken into account in data analysis. Co-symmetric similarity and dissimilarity measures defined over a set with involution play an important role in data analysis. In this paper, four dissimilarity functions over the set of probability distributions are created that meet the property of co-symmetry with respect to the involutive negation of distributions. Scatter graphs are generated from their respective dissimilarity matrices to compare the similarity between them. Additionally, the Pearson, Kendall, and Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated to numerically assess the relationship that exists. Subsequently, four dissimilarity functions are considered due to their higher correlation with those studied in this paper. They are divided into two groups, and an analysis is conducted to determine which are more correlated.

https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-28-2-5049

Genetic parameters and genetic dissimilarity of Gower in black oat
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Klein, Luís Antônio

; Marchioro, Volmir Sergio

; Toebe, Marcos

; Olivoto, Tiago

; Meira, Daniela

; Meier, Carine

; Chitolina, Gesiel

; Allebrante, Lucas Revers

; Ricardi, Geovanna Nikole Pereira

; Bastiani, Ricardo Reffatti

; Busatto, Cleiton Antônio

Ciência Rural

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2024, Volumen 54 Nº 1 elocation e20220239

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the agronomic performance through mixed models, and determined the genetic divergence between black oat genotypes. The experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen/RS. Fourteen black oat genotypes were evaluated, being 11 lines developed by Breeding Program of University, and three commercial cultivars (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha and, IPR Cabocla). We evaluated quantitative traits associated to plant height, cycle, dry mass yield and seeds yield; and 19 qualitative traits, being these morphological descriptors. The results showed that lines UFSMFW 2-05 and UFSMFW 2-07 stand out with characteristics such as early cycle, higher dry mass and grain yield. Divergence analysis revealed the formation of three distinct groups, indicating the presence of variability. These results suggested the potential for the development of new cultivars of black oat, presenting early cycle and good grain yield. ABSTRACT models Maria WestphalenRS Westphalen RS Westphalen/RS 1 IAPAR 61 2 Cabocla. Cabocla . Cabocla) height descriptors 205 05 2-0 207 07 groups variability 6 20 0 2-

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico por meio de modelos mistos e determinar a divergência genética entre genótipos de aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen/RS. Catorze genótipos de aveia preta foram avaliados, sendo 11 linhagens desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento da Universidade e três cultivares comercias (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha e IPR Cabocla). Foram avaliadas características agronômicas quantitativas relacionadas ao porte, ciclo e produtividade de massa seca e de sementes; e 19 características qualitativas, sendo estes descritores morfológicos. Os resultados mostraram que as linhagens UFSMFW 2-05 e UFSMFW 2-07 se destacam com características como ciclo precoce, elevada produtividade de massa seca e de sementes. A análise de divergência revelou a formação de três grupos distintos, indicando presença de variabilidade. Os resultados demonstram o potencial de desenvolvimento de novas cultivares de aveia preta, apresentando precocidade e boa produtividade de sementes. RESUMO Maria WestphalenRS Westphalen RS Westphalen/RS avaliados 1 IAPAR 61 2 Cabocla. Cabocla . Cabocla) porte sementes qualitativas morfológicos 205 05 2-0 207 07 precoce distintos variabilidade 6 20 0 2-

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220239

Physicochemical characterization of watermelon accessions from traditional agriculture with resistance to Fusarium wilt
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Silva, Amanda Rodrigues da

; Ishikawa, Francine Hiromi

; Costa, Antonio Elton da Silva

; Cunha, Fábio Sanchez da

; Galhardo, Cristiane Xavier

Revista Ceres

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2024, Volumen 71 elocation e71004

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Watermelon has great importance due to its nutritional properties. The aim of this work was to study accessions classified as resistant to fusariosis. Twelve accessions and two cultivars, Sugar Baby and Charleston Gray (controls), were characterized for watermelon fruit quality descriptors. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina-PE, over two production cycles in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions and five plants per plot. Two fruits per plot were sampled for characterization. Ten quantitative and seven qualitative descriptors were evaluated. For the qualitative traits, dissimilarity measures were determined by a matrix of Euclidean distance. At the second harvest, most accessions had higher organic acid and vitamin C content in the pulp and higher soluble solids (°Brix) content. The accessions were divided into four groups according to the Tocher method. There is variability among the evaluated accessions, and the accessions BGH-Univasf 40, BGH-Univasf 169, and BGH-Univasf 177 are potential sources for use in watermelon breeding programs. Accessions BGH-UNIVASF 76, BGH-UNIVASF 128, and BGH-UNIVASF 185 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) performed well in terms of total production, fruit mass, and vitamin C content. properties fusariosis cultivars controls, controls , (controls) PetrolinaPE, PetrolinaPE Petrolina PE, PE Petrolina-PE design characterization traits distance harvest °Brix Brix (°Brix method BGHUnivasf BGH Univasf 40 169 17 programs BGHUNIVASF UNIVASF 76 128 18 Citrullus var citroides mass (controls 4 16 1 7 12

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x2024710004

The role of turnover in structuring subterranean aquatic communities in Southeastern Brazil
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ZEPON, TAMIRES

; BICHUETTE, MARIA ELINA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volumen 96 Nº 2 elocation e20230194

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Similarly to other animal communities, the diversity of subterranean aquatic fauna is influenced by several factors and processes, such as habitat fragmentation, dispersion, environmental heterogeneity, and physical and chemical water characteristics. Here, we studied cave aquatic communities of the Alto Ribeira hydrographic basin, regarding troglobitic and non-troglobitic species, located in a single karst area to evaluate the influence of sub-basins in fauna differentiation. We investigated how abiotic variables (flow, electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, and substrate) influence the fauna composition and the contribution of beta diversity components (nestedness and turnover) in explaining communities’ dissimilarities. Fauna composition differed between sub-basins, as most species did not co-occur in different caves. Caves with higher flow and substrate diversity were the richest. In addition, each cave community was influenced by a unique set of abiotic variables. Dissimilarity among caves was mainly explained by turnover, and our findings suggest the restricted species distribution could be due to ecological (e.g., limited dispersion capacity, tolerance to abiotic variables), hydrogeological (e.g., dispersion barriers, isolation of sub-basins), and historical (e.g., colonization, paleoclimatic events) factors and processes. Therefore, different elements are responsible for determining the composition of cave aquatic communities in different sub-basins, reflecting the variability within a single karst area. processes fragmentation heterogeneity characteristics Here basin nontroglobitic non subbasins sub basins differentiation flow, (flow conductivity temperature pH nestedness turnover dissimilarities subbasins, basins, cooccur co occur richest addition e.g., eg e g (e.g. capacity variables, , variables) barriers sub-basins) colonization events Therefore e.g. (e.g e.g

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230194

Effects of forest fragmentation on natural populations of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan: Insights for conservation and sustainable management Vell. Vell (Vell. Brenan (Vell
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Silva, Karla Daniele Araújo da

; Silva Júnior, Adelson Lemes da

; Souza, Mariana Cruz de

; Souza, Lucimara Cruz de

; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de

; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler

; Azevedo, Cássia dos Santos

; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos

CERNE

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2024, Volumen 30 elocation e-103316

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: The objective of this study is to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of A. colubrina in three Atlantic Forest fragments in the south of Espírito Santo state, using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers. Genomic DNA from 85 trees was analyzed using 12 ISSR primers, generating 147 fragments, of which 109 were polymorphic (74%). Markers were characterized as moderately informative, with a mean polymorphic informational content of 0.34. Results: Low genetic diversity was found for the three fragments and in the total sample, based on Nei’s diversity parameters (H* = 0.26) and Shannon’s index (I* = 0.38). In the dissimilarity analysis, four groups were observed in the dendrogram with an exclusive clustering trend by location. The analysis of molecular variance confirmed that most of the genetic variation is found within populations (73.50%), however, with high genetic differentiation between them (Φ ST = 0.26). This result was supported by the Bayesian approach that indicated genetically structured populations. Conclusion: The data obtained reveal that forest fragmentation affected the diversity and genetic structure of A. colubrina and allow expanding knowledge for the development of effective strategies for the conservation and management of the species. Background A state (ISSR markers 8 1 primers 14 10 74%. 74 74% . (74%) informative 034 0 34 0.34 Results sample Neis Nei s H* H (H 0.26 026 26 Shannons Shannon I* I (I 0.38. 038 0.38 38 0.38) location 73.50%, 7350 73.50% , 73 50 (73.50%) however Φ 0.26. Conclusion species 7 (74% 03 3 0.3 0.2 02 2 735 73.50 5 (73.50% (74 0. 73.5 (73.50 (7 73. (73.5 ( (73. (73

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202430013316

10.

Novelties to the vascular Flora of the Ibitipoca Mountains, Minas Gerais, Brazil Mountains Gerais
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Toledo, Cássio A. P.

; Souza, Lukas R.

; Diniz, Adriana P.

; Santos, Adrielle J. M.

; Araujo, Carina de

; Graciano, Diego S.

; Arantes, Fabíula M.

; Sabino, Gabriel P.

; Guimarães, Gabriel S.

; Onorato, Geovana de C.

; Andrella, Giovani C.

; Waga, Isabela M.

; Castilho, Jade

; Silva, João P. S.

; Manoel, Laís B.

; Lima, Mariana C. A.

; Araújo, Michelly D. F.

; Feliz, Pablo

; Gaem, Paulo H.

; Luiz, Pedro L.

; Völtz, Rafael R.

; Gerace, Samuele

; Sawakuchi, Sonia

; Ivanauskas, Natália M.

; Koch, Ingrid

; Forzza, Rafaela C.

; Souza, Vinicius C.

; Rodrigues, Ricardo R.

Biota Neotropica

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2024, Volumen 24 Nº 2 elocation e20231560

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A Serra do Ibitipoca ocorre no sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, e inclui um mosaico de diferentes tipos de vegetação, como parte do domínio da Mata Atlântica. Tal heterogeneidade é resultado da ocorrência de diversos ecótonos na região, considerados áreas de amortecimento essenciais para manutenção da biodiversidade e estrutura de ecossistemas adjacentes. Dada a importância destes ambientes para conservação da biodiversidade, inventários florísticos são importantes para catalogar a riqueza de plantas em áreas naturais, onde espécies e paisagens têm sido destruídas, especialmente nas últimas décadas. Para contribuir com o aumento do conhecimento sobre a Flora vascular na Serra do Ibitipoca, um inventário florístico foi conduzido em áreas privadas adjacentes ao Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. As descobertas mais relevantes do presente estudo incluem: caracterização dos diferentes tipos de vegetação, 17 novos registros para a Flora de Minas Gerais, coleta de 288 espécies nunca registradas para o parque (80% de dissimilaridade – especialmente devido à ocorrência e tamanho de diferentes fitofisionomias entre as áreas) e presença de 31 espécies ameaçadas. Além disso, discussões sobre esforços para conservação e políticas públicas são apresentadas. Gerais Brasil vegetação Atlântica região naturais destruídas décadas incluem 1 28 80% 80 (80 3 ameaçadas disso apresentadas 2 8 (8 (

Abstract The Ibitipoca Mountains occur in southeastern Minas Gerais state, Southeast Brazil, and includes a mosaic of different vegetation types, as part of the Atlantic Forest domain. Such heterogeneity results in the occurrence of several ecotones in the region, considered essential buffer zones for maintaining biodiversity and structure among adjacent ecosystems. Given the importance of these environments for biodiversity conservation, floristic surveys are important to catalogue plant richness in natural areas, where species and landscapes have been destroyed, especially over the last decades. To contribute to increase the knowledge on the vascular Flora in the Ibitipoca Mountains, a floristic inventory was undertaken in private properties located in the boundaries of “Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca” (Ibitipoca State Park). Relevant findings of the present study include: characterization of the different vegetation types, 17 new records for the Flora of Minas Gerais, collection of 288 species never recorded in the state park (80% dissimilarity – especially due to the occurrence and size of different phytophysiognomies between these areas) and presence of 31 threatened species. In addition, discussions about conservation efforts and public policies are presented. Brazil types domain region ecosystems areas destroyed decades Parque Park. Park . Park) include 1 28 80% 80 (80 3 addition presented 2 8 (8 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1560

11.

Diversidad postincendio de mariposas en un bosque de pino-encino del noreste de México
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Himmelsbach, Wibke

; Friesen, Rebecca Jane

; González-Tagle, Marco Aurelio

; Estrada-Castillón, Andrés Eduardo

; Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Luis Gerardo

Revista mexicana de biodiversidad

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2024, Volumen 95 elocation e955258

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Últimamente se ha descrito una disminución de la abundancia y diversidad de insectos, así como una alteración del régimen de incendios forestales. Debido a la sensibilidad de las mariposas a los cambios ambientales, se estudió la riqueza de mariposas en 2 bosques, uno afectado por un incendio y otro sin indicios de fuego. Mediante el muestreo en transectos, así como la captura de mariposas con trampas durante las 4 estaciones del año, se determinó la diversidad florística y de mariposas. El análisis de los datos obtenidos mostró que el bosque con fuego presentaba una mayor diversidad de flores y mariposas que el área control. Comparando los 2 bosques, se confirmó una disimilitud de 27% y 41% entre la riqueza de especies de flores y mariposas, respectivamente. Además, se observó una variación significativa en la presencia de flores y mariposas a lo largo del año en el área quemada, la cual no fue significativa en el área control. Por lo tanto, es importante estudiar el efecto de los incendios forestales en la diversidad vegetal y animal, y considerar sus resultados en los planes de manejo forestal.

Abstract Recently, a decrease in insect abundance and diversity has been described, as well as an alteration of the forest fire regime. Due to the sensitivity of butterflies to environmental changes, we studied the richness of butterflies in two forests, one affected by fire and the other without signs of fire. By means of transect sampling and butterfly trapping during the 4 seasons of the year, the floristic and butterfly diversity was determined. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the forest with fire had a greater diversity of flowers and butterflies than the control area. Comparing the 2 forests, a dissimilarity of 27% and 41% was confirmed between the species richness of flowers and butterflies, respectively. In addition, a significant variation in the presence of flowers and butterflies was observed throughout the year in the burned area, which was not significant in the control area. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of forest fires on plant and animal diversity, and to consider their results in forest management plans.

https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2024.95.5258

12.

Conventional morphological descriptors and artificial neural networks for characterizing biofortified lettuce germplasm
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Jacinto, Ana C. P.

; Castoldi, Renata

; Silva, Isadora G. da

; Mota, Diesiele C. S.

; Moreira, Leticia G.

; Maciel, Gabriel M.

; Oliveira, Camila S. de

; Charlo, Hamilton C. de O.

Revista Caatinga

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2024, Volumen 37 elocation e12466

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A classificação baseada em descritores morfológicos em alface é considerada uma atividade complexa e mostra-se eficiente para estudo de características fenotípicas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o banco de germoplasma de alface biofortificada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia utilizando descritores morfológicos convencionais e redes neurais artificiais. O experimento foi conduzido em campo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi de blocos casualizados, composto por 14 tratamentos (11 genótipos de minialface e as cultivares Purpurita, UDI 10.000 e Pira 72) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados nove descritores morfológicos. Após a aquisição dos dados, foram realizadas análises de matrizes de dissimilaridade, análise de componentes principais, construção de dendrogramas e análises de redes neurais artificiais (RNA). Os genótipos apresentaram variabilidade fenotípica quando comparados às linhagens parentais UDI 10.000 e Pira 72. A cor roxa das folhas e a presença de antocianinas em toda a superfície foliar foram predominantes entre os genótipos. Descritores como intensidade e cor das folhas, intensidade, coloração e distribuição de antocianinas foram os mais influentes na avaliação da variabilidade genética. O Mapa Auto-Organizável (SOM) demonstrou maior sensibilidade na discriminação entre genótipos em comparação ao Método de Grupos de Pares Não Ponderados com Média Aritmética (UPGMA). Enquanto o método de agrupamento UPGMA agrupou os genótipos em três agrupamentos, o método SOM agrupou em cinco agrupamentos. A utilização de análises de distância genética e dendograma SOM mostrou-se eficaz na seleção dos indivíduos UFU 215#1, UFU 215#2, UFU 215#6, UFU 215#10 e UFU 215#13, que estão agrupados com a cultivar UFU Mini Biofort. mostrase mostra se fenotípicas Portanto campo casualizados 1 11 (1 Purpurita 10000 10 000 10.00 72 repetições dados dissimilaridade principais RNA. RNA . (RNA) AutoOrganizável Auto Organizável (SOM UPGMA. (UPGMA) agrupamentos mostrouse mostrou 2151 215 215#1 2152 2 215#2 2156 6 215#6 21510 21513 13 215#13 Biofort ( 1000 00 10.0 7 (RNA (UPGMA 21 215# 100 0 10.

ABSTRACT The classification based on morphological descriptors in lettuce is considered a complex activity and proves to be efficient for studying phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the biofortified lettuce germplasm bank at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia using both conventional morphological descriptors and artificial neural networks. The experiment was conducted in the field. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design, consisting of 14 treatments (11 genotypes of mini lettuce, and the cultivars Purpurita, UDI 10.000, and Pira 72) with four replications. Nine morphological descriptors were evaluated. Following the data acquisition, dissimilarity matrix analyses, principal component analysis, dendrogram construction, and artificial neural network (ANN) analyses were performed. The genotypes exhibited phenotypic variability when compared to the parental strains UDI 10.000 and Pira 72. The purple color of the leaves and anthocyanin presence across the entire leaf surface were predominant among the genotypes. Descriptors such as leaf intensity and color, as well as anthocyanin intensity, coloration, and distribution, were the most influential in assessing genetic variability. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) demonstrated greater sensitivity in discriminating between genotypes compared to the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). While the UPGMA clustering method grouped genotypes into three clusters, the SOM method grouped into five clusters. The use of genetic distance analyses and SOM dendrogram proved to be effective in selecting individuals UFU 215#1, UFU 215#2, UFU 215#6, UFU 215#10, and UFU 215#13, which are clustered with the cultivar UFU Mini Biofort. characteristics Therefore networks field 1 11 (1 Purpurita 10000 10 000 72 replications evaluated acquisition analysis construction ANN (ANN performed 10.00 coloration distribution SelfOrganizing Self Organizing (SOM UPGMA. . (UPGMA) clusters 2151 215 215#1 2152 2 215#2 2156 6 215#6 21510 215#10 21513 13 215#13 Biofort ( 1000 00 7 10.0 (UPGMA 21 215# 100 0 10.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712466rc

13.

Segregação socioespacial, morfologia da expansão e fragmentação socioeconômica em cidades brasileiras de porte médio socioespacial
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Peres, Otávio Martins

; Saboya, Renato

urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana

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2024, Volumen 16 elocation e20230192

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A segregação socioespacial é um processo que vem constituindo o espaço urbano, particularmente em contextos periféricos e de desigualdades socioeconômicas onde a restrição do contato aprofunda condições de uma urbanização desigual. Neste trabalho analisamos evidências empíricas quantitativas associadas a reflexões teórico-críticas sobre o processo de urbanização contemporânea adotando os conceitos de fragmentação e segregação para analisar 125 cidades brasileiras de porte médio, entre os anos 1985 e 2020, nas quais em 60% dos casos a expansão se deu em velocidades superiores ao crescimento populacional. Detalhamos estudo em Pelotas/RS e Blumenau/SC, às quais aplicamos índices espaciais locais de segregação (dissimilaridade e isolamento) buscando analisar a associação entre morfologia da expansão e indicadores locais de segregação. Para ambas as cidades observamos que os distintos padrões morfológicos de expansão ocorrem com certa estabilidade nos índices globais de dissimilaridade, cujas áreas de expansão urbana combinam e justapõem situações locais de isolamento socioeconômico para os extremos grupos de alta e baixa renda. Os resultados sugerem que a expansão urbana tem sido estruturada pela segregação socioespacial, cujos processos encontram na morfologia urbana interna mecanismos para garantir a separação e a restrição no contato entre grupos sociais distintos. urbano desigual teóricocríticas teórico críticas 12 médio 198 2020 60 populacional PelotasRS Pelotas RS BlumenauSC Blumenau SC Blumenau/SC dissimilaridade renda 1 19 202 6 20 2

Abstract Socio-spatial segregation is a process that has been constituted urban space, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic inequalities in which the restriction of contact deepens the condition of unequal urbanization. In this work we analyze quantitative empirical evidence associated with theoretical-critical reflections on the contemporary urbanization process, adopting the concepts of fragmentation and segregation to analyze 125 medium-sized Brazilian urban concentrations, between 1985 and 2020, in which in 60% of cases the expansion took place at a faster rate than population growth. We detail a study in Pelotas/RS and Blumenau/SC, to which we applied local spatial indices of segregation (dissimilarity and isolation) examining correlations with the morphology of the expansion areas (infill, edge and leapfrog). For both cities, we observed that the different morphological patterns of expansion occur with a certain stability in the global dissimilarity indices, whose areas of urban expansion combine and juxtapose local situations of socioeconomic isolation for the extreme groups of high and low income. The results suggest that urban expansion has been structured by fragmentation and segregation, contributing to hiding socio-spatial conflicts in peripheral urbanization through the separation and restriction of contacts between different social groups. Sociospatial Socio space theoreticalcritical theoretical critical 12 mediumsized medium sized concentrations 198 2020 60 growth PelotasRS Pelotas RS BlumenauSC Blumenau SC Blumenau/SC infill, infill (infill leapfrog. leapfrog . leapfrog) cities income sociospatial socio 1 19 202 6 20 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.016.e20230192

14.

So close no matter how far: The floristic affinities of the Serra do Papagaio ferns and lycophytes within the Atlantic Forest far
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Lima, Lucas Vieira

; Salino, Alexandre

; Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira

; Furtado, Samyra Gomes

; Menini Neto, Luiz

; Almeida, Thaís Elias

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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2024, Volumen 38 elocation e20230257

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT We discuss the importance of fern and lycophyte species in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem as well as the need for floristic inventories to understand their distribution and conservation status. We focus on the Serra do Papagaio region in southeastern Brazil, which is known for its high plant diversity but lacks comprehensive inventories of ferns and lycophytes. In this study, we conducted a floristic inventory of Serra do Papagaio and identified 172 fern and 29 lycophyte species. Our findings reveal 21 threatened species and two new records for Minas Gerais State. Additionally, we compared the floristic composition of Serra do Papagaio with that of other areas within the Atlantic Forest using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) analyses. The results highlight distinct clusters of areas based on elevation and geographic location. We emphasize the need for further sampling and conservation efforts in Serra do Papagaio as well as provide valuable insights into the drivers of fern and lycophyte diversity in the Atlantic Forest. status Brazil lycophytes study 17 2 State Additionally nonmetric non metric NMDS (NMDS GDM (GDM analyses location 1

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2023-0257

15.

Molecular diversity, population structure analysis, and assessment of parent hybrid relationships in fodder maize diversity analysis
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Subramani, Palaniyappan

; Nalliappan, Ganesan Kalipatty

; Narayana, Manivannan

; Veerasamy, Ravichandran

; Natesan, Senthil

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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2024, Volumen 24 Nº 3 elocation e48112433

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Maize is considered one of the most important cereal fodder crops. Many studies on morphological diversity in fodder maize have been helpful in obtaining good heterotic hybrids. The current study focused on analysing diversity of 28 fodder maize inbreds with 30 SSR markers, which revealed total of 110 alleles; and their polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.064 to 0.745. Population structure analysis revealed four subpopulation groups with the ΔK value of 132.70. Clustering based on the pairwise dissimilarity coefficient grouped the genotypes into two major and four sub-clusters. The high dissimilarity (0.777) observed between DM 84 and UMI 1221 indicated that these two were highly divergent. Principal coordinate analysis also showed diverse nature of inbreds and corroborated the clustering pattern. Parental diversity and their heterosis performance revealed that parents with average or narrow divergence could be useful in obtaining hybrids with medium/early flowering and moderate/high crude protein content. crops 2 3 markers 11 alleles PIC (PIC 0064 0 064 0.06 0745 745 0.745 13270 132 70 132.70 subclusters. subclusters sub clusters. clusters sub-clusters 0.777 0777 777 (0.777 8 122 divergent pattern mediumearly medium early moderatehigh moderate 1 006 06 0.0 074 74 0.74 1327 13 7 132.7 0.77 077 77 (0.77 12 00 0. 07 0.7 132. (0.7 (0. (0 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332024v24n3a28

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