ABSTRACT Understanding aspects of insect ecology is a key component for the applicability of control methods or pest resistance management. For instance, the comprehension of insect dispersal is crucial to determining insect gene flow and the maximum distance between refuge areas in Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops. But, for such studies, insects need to be marked prior to release. Seeking to refine the technique of dispersion studies of the genetic material of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), this study aimed to determine the efficiency of water-soluble dyes for the internal marking of S. frugiperda immatures and adults via larval feeding, with emphasis on marking the spermatophore. Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Ponceau, Coomassie, and Eosin-Nigrosin were added to the larval artificial diet at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm. Mortality and duration of the larval stage as well as the efficiency of marking internal structures of larvae and adults were evaluated. Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue increased the duration of the larval period, but the former caused higher mortality. The staining of the gut, hemolymph, and imaginal discs, in the larval phase, was observed for Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, and Coomassie dyes. However, none of the dyes were efficient for marking spermatophores. Thus, the addition of these water-soluble dyes to the larval diet of S. frugiperda can mark internal structures of the larva, but not the adult. Therefore, these dyes have limited application once they may be used only for marking larvae. management instance Bacillus thuringiensis crops But release J.E. JE J E (J.E Smith Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Noctuidae, Noctuidae , Noctuidae) watersoluble water soluble S feeding spermatophore Ponceau EosinNigrosin Eosin Nigrosin 0 100 200 400 600 800 ppm evaluated period mortality gut hemolymph discs phase However spermatophores Thus larva adult Therefore J.E 10 20 40 60 80 1 2 4 6 8

Abstract The movement of ships between continents is one of the leading causes of the increased bioinvasion of benthic organisms, surpassing the geographical barriers that prevent the natural dispersal of species. Artificial floating structures, such as buoys, can also serve as secondary dispersers in the introduction of exotic species on a regional scale. This study describes the fauna associated with buoys demarcating the access channel to Paraná’s ports, focusing on recording introduced invasive species. Biota samples were collected from 23 buoys from different estuary sectors and some on their fastening chains, resulting in 73 samples. A total of 88 taxa were identified, of which half were sessile organisms and half, vagile. All observed taxa were previously recorded in the region, but introduced species clearly predominate among the sessile organisms colonizing the buoys, representing over half of the taxa determined at the species level. Buoys showed differentiated communities depending on their estuary location, with introduced species accounting for a larger share of the fauna on buoys in more saline sectors, reflecting their adaptations to oceanographic factors such as marine influence and tidal-driven water exchanges or an ecophysiological barrier caused by lower salinities in the inner estuary. Considering the negative effects of non-native species in natural environments and economic activity, the facilitating action of artificial floating substrates like signaling buoys highlights the need for environmental monitoring programs and more frequent maintenance of these structures to help control bioinvasions. scale Paranás Paraná s ports 2 chains 7 8 identified vagile region level location tidaldriven tidal driven nonnative non native activity bioinvasions

Resumo A modalidade visual é um recurso imprescindível para as ciberfeministas desde a sua origem. A união entre o artivismo e o movimento feminista visa descolonizar os saberes artísticos e exclusivistas, além de propiciar visibilidade às temáticas das mulheres, especialmente em relação às múltiplas formas de violência de género. Assim, este artigo tem como principal objetivo perceber de que forma as ciberfeministas recorreram ao artivismo feminista para assinalar o Dia Internacional para a Eliminação da Violência contra as Mulheres, em 2021, em Portugal. Recorrendo a análise de conteúdo, observamos as publicações do Instagram de 10 associações e coletivos feministas portugueses no dia 25 de novembro, separando os dados em intervenções online e offline, na constatação de que o ciberfeminismo articula fronteiras que interconectam esses espaços de forma permanente. Destacamos que o artivismo opera no atual movimento feminista português como uma ferramenta estratégica e política para disseminação e propagação do ciberfeminismo.

Abstract Visual content has been a valuable resource since the creation of the cyberfeminist movement. Together, artivism and the feminist movement aim to decolonise artistic and exclusivist knowledge while also raising awareness of women's issues, especially concerning various forms of gender-based violence. Thus, the main aim of this article is to ascertain how cyberfeminists resorted to feminist artivism to celebrate the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women in Portugal in 2021. To do so, Instagram posts by 10 Portuguese feminist organisations and collectives, posted on 25th November, were analysed through content analysis, and the data divided into online and offline measures - permanent proof of cyberfeminism as a border connecting these mediums. It is worth noting that artivism operates within the current Portuguese feminist movement as a strategic and political tool for the dispersal and propagation of cyberfeminism.

Abstract: Aim Ecological niche models (ENMs) are based mainly on environmental (mostly climatic) and occurrence data to predict the potential distribution of species. In freshwater habitats, species dispersal is not restricted only by physical barriers but also by the directional movement of the hydrographic network, which can be considered through spatial predictors. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of including asymmetrical and symmetrical spatial predictors in the potential geographic distribution of a freshwater fish in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Methods For this, we built models with seven variable sets representing the climatic and spatial models, as well as their interactions. Results We found that the overall best models (higher evaluation and lower variation among modeling methods) are those built using AEM (asymmetrical dispersal [i.e., dispersal along the river flow path]), either alone or in combination with environmental variables (ENV). Moreover, the inclusion of asymmetrical dispersal variables, taking into account dispersal limitations of species, decreased the overprediction to climatically suitable but disconnected areas through rivers. Conclusions Therefore, future ENM studies, especially those using species groups with directional dispersal, should consider the inclusion of asymmetrical spatial predictors to increase the model’s accuracy and ecological reality.

Resumo: Objetivo Os modelos de nicho ecológico (ENMs) são baseados principalmente em dados ambientais (principalmente climáticos) e de ocorrência para prever a distribuição potencial das espécies. Em habitats de água doce, a dispersão das espécies não é restrita apenas por barreiras físicas, mas também pelo movimento direcional da rede hidrográfica, o qual pode ser considerado por meio de preditores espaciais. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo é avaliar o efeito da inclusão de preditores espaciais assimétricos e simétricos na distribuição geográfica potencial de um peixe de água doce na bacia do rio Tocantins-Araguaia, Brasil. Métodos Para isso, construímos modelos com sete conjuntos de variáveis representando os modelos climáticos e espaciais, bem como suas interações. Resultados Descobrimos que os melhores modelos em geral (maior avaliação e menor variação entre os métodos de modelagem) são aqueles construídos usando AEM (dispersão assimétrica [ou seja, dispersão ao longo do fluxo do rio]), seja sozinho ou em combinação com variáveis ambientais (ENV). Além disso, a inclusão de variáveis de dispersão assimétrica, levando em consideração as limitações de dispersão das espécies, diminuiu a superpredição de áreas climaticamente adequadas, mas desconectadas por rios. Conclusões Portanto, futuros estudos de ENM, especialmente aqueles que envolvem grupos de espécies com dispersão direcional, devem considerar a inclusão de preditores espaciais assimétricos para aumentar a precisão do modelo e sua aplicabilidade ecológica.

Resumo: Deslocamentos incomuns realizados por um animal podem representar potencialmente um evento de dispersão. Grande parte dos mamíferos poligínicos ou promíscuos, apresentam uma maior frequência de machos jovens dispersando, e esses eventos ocorrem, principalmente, antes ou no início da estação reprodutiva. A cuíca d’água (Chironectes minimus), único marsupial adaptado à vida semiaquática, ocorre do México à Argentina. Tem sido descrito principalmente como uma espécie sensível à degradação de cursos d’água e matas ciliares, ocorrendo exclusivamente próximo aos cursos d’água. Desta forma, descrevemos aqui o primeiro registro do deslocamento de longa distância de uma cuíca d’água não associado à vegetação ribeirinha através de um ambiente seco. Capturamos um macho adulto saudável de C. minimus em julho de 2012 à margem de uma rodovia (DF-001) localizada a 1.100 m da mata de galeria mais próxima no Distrito Federal. A região é caracterizada por residências urbanas e suburbanas, pequenos fragmentos de cerrado sentido restrito e matas de galeria degradadas. Nosso registro singular pode ser um evento de dispersão através de ambientes secos antropizados, conforme observado para outros mamíferos semiaquáticos, o que, também, sugere que esta espécie é mais resistente a distúrbios antropogênicos do que descrito anteriormente. Além disso, as informações sobre os padrões de dispersão da cuíca d’água são escassas e podem contribuir para um entendimento mais profundo dos requisitos ecológicos desta espécie.

Abstract: Unusual movements of an animal can potentially represent a dispersal event. A higher frequency of young males dispersing is a pattern observed for most part of polygynous or promiscuous mammals with these dispersion events occurring, mainly, before or at the beginning of the breeding season. The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), the only marsupial adapted for semi-aquatic life, occurs from Mexico to Argentina and it has been mostly described as a sensitive species to river and riparian vegetation degradation, occurring exclusively near water curses. Here we describe the first record of long-distance movement of a water opossum not associated with riverine vegetation through dry land. We captured a healthy adult male of C. minimus in July 2012 beside of a highway (DF-001) located 1,100 m from nearest gallery forest in the Federal District. The region is characterized by urban and suburban residential, small fragments of typical savanna and degraded gallery forests. Our unique record could be an event of dispersion through degraded dry lands as observed for other semi-aquatic mammals and also suggests that this species is more resistant to anthropogenic disturbances than previously described. Also, information about dispersal patterns of water opossum is scarce and may contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological requirements of this species.

Resumen: La abrumadora evidencia apunta a la importancia de mantener la conectividad dada la rápida fragmentación de los hábitats y el cambio climático. Muchos esfuerzos para identificar dónde deben colocarse los corredores ecológicos se basan en estimaciones de conectividad estructural que aprovechan los datos de cobertura terrestre disponibles. Proporcionamos una visión general de la metodología de conectividad estructural y revisamos las diversas limitaciones de estos métodos para la conectividad funcional-- el grado en que los corredores facilitan el movimiento de organismos. Estos incluyen no tener en cuenta las complejidades de dispersión, los requisitos específicos de hábitat y las barreras invisibles al movimiento. Además, ¿hasta qué punto los corredores resultantes sirven a las especies más vulnerables bajo un clima que cambia rápidamente? Ofrecemos varios enfoques de modelado de conectividad diseñados para ser climáticos. Evaluar las especies en busca de rasgos que puedan hacerlos más susceptibles a la extinción es una forma de priorizar qué especies justifican la recolección de datos adicionales y los análisis demográficos para mejorar la probabilidad de que los corredores funcionen. Hay evidencia sustancial de que rasgos como el movimiento limitado o la capacidad de dispersión, así como el área geográfica y las restricciones de hábitat hacen que las especies sean más vulnerables. Por lo tanto, sugerimos el uso de estos rasgos para guiar la selección focal de especies. Por último, analizamos la importancia de emplear nuevas tecnologías para monitorear el movimiento individual y la utilización de especies de corredores que varían en anchura y otras características para ayudar a planificar y verificar la conectividad funcional de estas especies.

Abstract: Overwhelming evidence points to the importance of maintaining connectivity given rapidly fragmenting habitats and climate change. Many efforts to identify where ecological corridors should be placed are based on estimates of structural connectivity that take advantage of readily available land-cover data. We provide an overview of structural connectivity methodology and review the various limitations of these methods for functional connectivity -- the degree to which corridors facilitate the movement of organisms. These limitations include not accounting for dispersal complexities and specific habitat requirements of focal species, and invisible barriers to movement. Also, to what extent will the resulting corridors serve the most vulnerable species under a rapidly changing climate? We describe several connectivity-modeling approaches designed to be climate-wise. Assessing species for traits that may make them more susceptible to extinction is one way to prioritize which species warrant additional data collection and demographic analyses to improve the likelihood that corridors will function for them. There is substantial evidence that traits such as limited movement or dispersal ability as well as geographic range and habitat restrictions make species more vulnerable. Therefore, we suggest using these traits to guide focal-species selection. Finally, we discuss the importance of employing new technologies to monitor individual movement and species utilization of corridors varying in width and other characteristics to help plan and verify functional connectivity for these species.

Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds from the parental individual to another place, where ideally it can be established. Dispersal syndromes can be categorized in several ways, based upon the vector (biotic or abiotic). This study aimed at analyzing the frequency distribution of seed dispersal syndromes along an altitudinal gradient in the La Paz valley (W Bolivia). Based on the list of plant species for this valley, we completed the information on the dispersal syndrome for those species we were able to gather adequate data and related their frequency with elevation and habit. predicting that the higher altitude regions, which will also present more herbaceous species, will show a greater predominance of autocoric species. Results show an effect of elevation and growth habit on the dispersal syndromes based on model comparison (AIC 3077.3 Wi1). The frequency of anemochory was greater at higher altitude (65.6%), we also found that zoochory was more frequent at intermedíate and low ("montano, altimontano & andino inferior altitudinal") regions. On the other hand, a higher frequency of anemochory was found within herbaceous species (>50%) and also an increase in zoochory for woody (shrubs and trees) with ca. 55%. It is safe to pose that our results can be explained, at least partially, by the lower availability of animal vectors (birds, mammals, or others) at higher altitude.

La dispersión es el transporte de las semillas desde el individuo parental hacia otro lugar, donde idealmente puedan establecerse. Existen varias formas de clasificar los síndromes de dispersión y se basan en características morfológicas que están adaptadas al vector de transporte (biótico o abiótico). Este estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar la distribución de frecuencias de los síndromes de dispersión de semillas a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal del valle de La Paz (W Bolivia). Utilizando la lista de especies del valle, se completó la información de los síndromes que presentan las especies y se relacionó su frecuencia con la altitud y el hábito de crecimiento, postulando que los pisos de mayor altitud, que presentarían mayor porcentaje de herbáceas, mostrarán predominancia de dispersión autocórica. Los resultados mostraron que existe un efecto de los pisos altitudinales y el hábito sobre el síndrome de dispersión, según una comparación de modelos (AIC 3077.3 Wi1). La anemocoria fue más frecuente a mayor altitud (65.6%), también se encontró mayor porcentaje de especies con dispersión zoocórica a altitud intermedia y baja (montano, altimontano y andino inferior). La mayor frecuencia de anemocoria fue para especies herbáceas (>50%) y se halló un incremento de zoocoria para las leñosas (arbustos y árboles) con ca. 55%. Es posible postular que nuestros resultados estén explicados, al menos en parte, por la menor disponibilidad de animales dispersores (aves, mamíferos, u otros vertebrados) a mayor altitud.

El movimiento de insectos herbívoros dentro de agroecosistemas puede finalmente determinar el nivel de daño a los cultivos. Se evaluó experimentalmente la dispersión de Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard, 1926) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) a campo y se analizó si el tamaño corporal se relacionó con la distancia de dispersión. Se liberaron ochocientos individuos en el punto central de una serie de círculos concéntricos (6, 12, 24, 48 y 96 m de radio), donde se colocaron 117 trampas pegajosas amarillas para recapturar los insectos. Se utilizó estadística circular para evaluar la dirección del vuelo, y modelos "hurdle" para analizar la probabilidad de dispersión en relación a la distancia. Se recapturó el 5% de los individuos liberados siendo 36 m con la distancia mediana de recaptura. La distribución de insectos alrededor de los círculos no fue aleatoria, pero la dirección de dispersión preferencial no se explicó por la dirección del viento. La incidencia de L. huidobrensis de ambos sexos disminuyó significativamente al aumentar la distancia, pero decayó más rápidamente para hembras. El tamaño corporal no influyó la distancia de recaptura. Estos resultados sugieren que L. huidobrensis se dispersó principalmente a distancias cortas, siendo los machos capaces de desarrollar vuelos más largos que las hembras.

Movement of herbivore insects within agroecosystems can ultimately determine the level of damage to crops. It was evaluated the dispersal of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard, 1926) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) under field conditions. In addition, it was evaluated if body size was related to dispersal distance. Eight hundred individuals of L. huidobrensis were released in the central point of a series of concentric circles (6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 m in radius), where 117 yellow sticky traps were set to insect recapture. Circular Statistics were used to evaluate flight direction whereas hurdle models were applied to analyze dispersal probability in relation to distance. Five percent of the released individuals were recaptured, being 36 m the median distance of recapture. The distribution of recaptured insects was not random around the circles, but the preferential dispersal direction was not explained by wind direction. The incidence of recaptured L. huidobrensis of both sexes significantly decreased at increasing distances from the release point, but decayed faster for females. No effect was found of body size on the distance of recapture. The results suggest that L. huidobrensis dispersed mainly over short distances with males being capable of performing longer flights than females.

ABSTRACT Dispersal is a key process affecting the diversity of natural communities. We addressed hydrochory of wetland plant seeds in the Middle Paraná River floodplain. We first studied seed dispersal by drifting macrophytes in the Paraná River main channel (MC), in a high discharge secondary channel (HD) and in two low discharge channels (LD) during an extraordinary flood. We then experimentally analyzed the effect of standing (SW) and moving water (MW) on seed buoyancy of different plant communities. We recorded seeds of 27 taxa distributed in 12 families. Taxa richness ranged from 17 in LD to 25 in MC, and included seeds of terrestrial, palustrine and aquatic plants. River discharge did not affect seed richness and density, which was probably associated with a homogenization process caused by the flood. Seed buoyancy significantly differed between water movement treatments independently of the source community, lasting longer in SW than in MW. Our results suggest that drifting macrophytes contribute to seed dispersal of several communities in the Middle Paraná River, and probably over long distances. Furthermore, seed buoyancy might be more important for surficial dispersal in low-energy systems, where subaqueous dispersal may be difficult due to the lack of current.

Dispersion processes in the ocean typically involve wind, ocean currents and waves. All these factors were included in an analysis to model nurdle dispersion from an accidental spill in Durban Harbour, South Africa, in October 2017. Nurdle sightings on beaches by members of the public are used as indicators of the dispersion which extended over 2000 km of the South African coastline in a period of 8 weeks. Using known oceanographic current structures, satellite imagery, wave data and surface wind drift values of between 5% and 8% of wind speed, good agreement was found between the modelled dispersion and nurdle sightings. In particular, it was found that nurdles remained in specific sections of the coast for long periods, and that sporadic wind events were required to move them into new coastal areas. Such results may also contribute to understanding the dispersal behaviours and strategies adopted by larval stages of marine organisms, particularly fishes, that have pelagic larval durations that extend over weeks to months. The event was recognised as a major pollution incident rivalling other nurdle spillages reported worldwide, and extensive efforts were made to collect the nurdles, particularly along the northern KwaZulu-Natal coast. However, 9 months later, less than 20% had been recovered. The results emphasise the connectivity of different ocean regions, and in particular that pollution of the ocean is not a localised activity. Matter discharged at one point will disperse over a wide area - in this case, significantly further afield than the area of recovery operations. SIGNIFICANCE: • Wind drift in the upper metre or two of the ocean has been notoriously difficult to quantify, and the spread of nurdles along the South African coastline can only be explained by using drift percentages two or three times the generally accepted value of 3% or less. Nonetheless, it is important to realise that there are substantial differences in dispersion rates between the upper few centimetres of the ocean and that even a metre or two deeper. • The rapid manner in which nurdles, and other microplastics, can be dispersed is important in terms of understanding the spread of this form of pollution in the world's oceans. The results also confirm the important role that wind can play in the movement of eggs, larvae and invertebrates and the significance of vertical migrations in and out of the surface layers. • Finally, the results confirm many of the accepted coastal current regimes on the east and south coasts of South Africa. Moreover, it is shown that certain sections can have very long residence times, where drifters are only removed under sustained wind conditions.

ABSTRACT The fast tracking of invasion spatial patterns of alien species is crucial for the implementation of preventive and management strategies of those species. Recently, a honeybee pest, the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (hereafter SHB), has been reported in Italy, where it colonized more than 50 apiaries in an area of about 300 km2. SHB is a nest parasite and scavenger of honeybee colonies native of Sub-Saharian Africa. Likely being helped by the globalization of apiculture, SHB underwent several invasions in the last twenty years, causing locally relevant economic impact. While many features of its biology have been addressed, an important knowledge gap concerns the spatial invasion dynamics in invaded areas. In this paper we coupled two spatial analysis techniques (geographic profiling and a density-based spatial clustering algorithm) to uncover the possible invasion pattern of SHB in Italy. We identified the port town of Gioia Tauro as the most likely point from which SHB may have spread and suggested the possible successive axes of diffusion. These putative diffusion paths suggest that the SHB spread in south Italy might have been due to a mix of natural dispersal between close apiaries and longer distance movement through faster, likely human-mediated, communication routes.

BACKGROUND Dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) was first reported in Brazil in 1982 and since then no more cases were detected again in Brazil until 2010, when the virus was reintroduced. Over the following years, the virus spread to several Brazilian states and resulted in about 1,400,000 dengue cases, in 2013. The largest number of cases were documented in the Southeast macro-region. OBJECTIVES To determine the phylogeography of DENV-4 Genotype IIB strains isolated during the epidemics in 2012-2013 in São Paulo, Brazil, we aimed to contextualise the contribution of viruses sampled in different localities across the overall movement of DENV-4 in Brazil. METHODS Based on the envelope gene sequences retrieved from GenBank, we employed a Bayesian phylogeographic approach to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV-4 Genotype IIB in São Paulo, Brazil. FINDINGS The dispersal dynamics of DENV-4 Genotype IIB in Brazil indicated Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso states as the most likely routes toward São Paulo before the 2012-2013 outbreak. Likewise, Guarujá and São José do Rio Preto facilitated viral spread and transmission to other localities in the South and Southeast macro-regions in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS The spread pattern of DENV-4 Genotype IIB strains across the country supports two independent introductions of the virus in São Paulo in a short period of time. Furthermore, São Paulo appears to have played a pivotal role in the dissemination of DENV-4 to other locations in Brazil.

Resumo: Cetáceos foram monitorados em cerca de 700 km da costa sudeste do Brasil (22°S a 25°S) entre 1995 e 2014 com o uso da fotoidentificação. O objetivo deste estudo foi de identificar quaisquer presenças de movimentos de longa distância de indivíduos das espécies monitoradas e discutir suas implicações. Dados de movimentos de longa distância de quatro das espécies monitoradas são apresentados após a análise de 321.765 fotos obtidas para identificações individuais. Sete indivíduos de quatro populações de boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) consideradas residentes a estuários e baías particulares foram reportados em movimentos de dispersão envolvendo pares de áreas protegidas em distâncias que variaram entre 86 e 135 km. Três golfinhos-de-dentes-rugosos (Steno bredanensis) catalogados e avistados primeiramente na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro (22°46'S), em novembro de 2011, foram avistados 240 km mais ao sul como membros de um mesmo grupo nas águas costeiras do Estado de São Paulo (23°46'S) em julho de 2014. A profundidade da água onde essas avistagens aconteceram variou entre 16 e 52,7 m; avistagens de golfinhos-de-dentes-rugosos têm sido efetuadas em águas rasas na costa sudeste do Brasil, embora a distribuição global da espécie esteja associada a águas profundas. Em um intervalo de 27 dias na primavera de 2012, um grupo de 16 orcas (Orcinus orca) se desclocou cerca de 277 km em águas rasas variando entre 20 e 30 m. Orcas são comumente avistadas entre novembro e fevereiro no sudeste do Brasil, possivelmente em busca de presas. Nos meses de verão entre 2012 e 2014, três baleias-de-Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni) avistadas em águas de 14 a 49 m de profundidade, moveram-se entre 218 e 327 km. baleias-de-Bryde são encontradas em águas costeiras locais onde passam os meses de verão se alimentando de sardinhas. Até o presente momento, esses são os deslocamentos estimados como os de maiores distâncias observados para S. guianensis, S. bredanensis, O. orca and B. edeni no Atlântico Sudoeste.

Abstract: Cetaceans were monitored along ca. 700 km of the southeast coast of Brazil (22°S to 25°S) from 1995 to 2014 using photo-identification. The objective of this study was to identify any presence of long-distance movements for monitored cetacean species and discuss implications. Data on long-range movements of four of the monitored species are presented after the analysis of 321,765 photographs taken for individual identification. Seven individuals from four populations of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) considered resident to particular estuaries or bays were reported in dispersal involving movement between pairs of protected areas over long-range distances varying between 86 and 135 km. Three cataloged rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis), first seen in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro state (22°46'S) in November 2011, were sighted 240 km southwards as members of the same group in coastal waters of São Paulo state (23°46'S) in July 2014. Water depth for those sightings ranged from 16 to 52.7 m; local sightings of rough-toothed dolphins in Brazil have frequently been in shallow waters, but the species global distribution is usually associated with deeper waters. In a 27-day interval in the spring of 2012, a group of 16 orcas (Orcinus orca) travelled ca. 277 km in shallow coastal waters ranging from 20 to 30 m deep. Orcas are commonly observed between November and February in southeast Brazil, probably in search for prey. In summer months between 2012 and 2014, three Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) sighted in waters ranging from 14 to 49 m deep, moved between 218 and 327 km. Bryde's whales are usually found in local coastal waters where they spend summer months feeding on sardines. To date, these are the longest estimated movements reported to S. guianensis, S. bredanensis, O. orca and B. edeni in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

Resumen En los últimos 50 años, la producción cafetera colombiana ha sufrido una gran transformación de los cultivos tradicionales crecidos a la sombra de los bosques, para derivarlos en vastas extensiones de cafetales de libre exposición al sol. Estos sistemas reducen la biodiversidad nativa y sus servicios ecosistémicos asociados. A su vez, los cafetales de sombrío operan como potenciales refugios de dicha biodiversidad, favoreciendo su dispersión en el paisaje dado que ofrecen hábitat de alta calidad para que los organismos silvestres se muevan a través de los relictos de vegetación natural, es por tanto importante documentar su valor biológico. En Colombia, el departamento del Cauca es el cuarto productor de café y aunque sus cosechas estaban principalmente basadas en el modelo de uso de sombra de árboles sobre cafetos, en los últimos 10 años los cafetales de sol han doblado su extensión en este departamento y casi han equiparado la extensión de los cafetales de sombra. Por lo tanto, es necesario documentar si estos cambios de uso de suelo a escala de paisaje pueden derivar en consecuencias para la biota silvestre que habita estos sistemas productivos. Dadas las anteriores consideraciones, y para probar la importancia biológica de las plantaciones de café, el presente estudio compara el efecto de tres usos del suelo (cafetales de sol, cafetales de sombra y parches de vegetación natural) en términos de la riqueza de especies de hormigas y la abundancia de sus gremios tróficos en el municipio de Caldono entre agosto de 2015 y enero de 2016. Las capturas fueron realizadas con trampas de caída, sacos mini-Winkler y colecta directa. Encontramos que la riqueza de hormigas fue mayor en parches de vegetación natural, seguidos de cafetales de sombra y cafetales de sol. En estos últimos, las hormigas omnívoras generalistas fueron más abundantes, y las hormigas arbóreas que forrajean en el suelo fueron menos abundantes. Por su parte, los cafetales de sombra, pese a pertenecer a un uso del suelo transformado, guardan similitud con algunos parches de vegetación natural. Usando sólo hormigas del estrato más bajo (suelo y sotobosque), nuestros hallazgos confirman que los cafetales de sombra mantienen una parte importante de la diversidad de hormigas de la localidad, mientras que los cafetales de sol ofrecen menor calidad de hábitat para la misma. Por otro lado, pese a que los parches de vegetación natural son tan pequeños y degradados, su conservación representa un valioso patrimonio para la protección de la fauna de hormigas local, albergando una gran cantidad de especies exclusivas.

Abstract In the last 50 years, Colombian coffee production has undergone a great transformation from traditional plantations grown below the forest’s shade, to vast extensions of coffee plantations consisting of free exposition to sun. These systems reduce native biodiversity and its associated ecosystem services. Simultaneously, shaded coffee plantations operate as potential shelter of such biodiversity, favoring its dispersal in the landscape, because they offer high-quality habitat for the movement of wild organisms through natural vegetation relicts. Therefore, it is important to document its biological value. In Colombia, Cauca department is the fourth coffee producer and although its cultures were mainly based on the model of using trees’ shade on coffee shrubs, in last 10 years, sun coffee plantations have doubled their extension in this department and have almost equated the shaded coffee extension. Thus, it is necessary to document if these land use changes at landscape scale may derivate in consequences for the wild biota dwelling these productive systems. Given the above considerations, and in order to test for the biological importance of coffee plantations, the present study compares the effect of three land uses (sun coffee, shaded coffee and natural vegetation patches; eight of each one) in terms of ants’ species richness and the abundance of their trophic guilds at Caldono municipality, between August 2015 and January 2016. Captures were carried out with pitfall traps, mini-Winkler sacs and direct capture. We found that ants’ richness was higher in natural vegetation patches, followed by shaded coffee plantations and sun coffee plantations, in these last ones, the omnivore-generalist ants were more abundant, and ground-foraging arboreal ants were less abundant. We found that shaded coffee plantations, despite belonging to a transformed land use, have greater similarity with some natural vegetation patches. Using only ants from the lowest stratum (soil and understory), our findings confirm that shaded coffee plantations maintain an important part of the ant diversity of the locality, while sun coffee plantations offer less habitat quality to it. On the other hand, although natural vegetation patches are so small and degraded, their conservation represent a valuable heritage for the protection of local ants’ fauna, harboring a largenumber of exclusive species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 48-57. Epub 2018 March 01.

ABSTRACT Neotropical bats are recognized as effective seed dispersers, especially of small-seeded pioneer plants during early stages of forest regeneration. There had been few reports on the ecology of the bat Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), which appears to be mainly frugivorous and to undertake vertical migrations in Brazil. Our analyzes of fecal samples of P. bilabiatum specimens captured in mist nets and direct observations of their feeding behavior on Citharexylum solanaceum Cham. fruits in a mosaic of restored forests and forest fragments in southeastern Brazil constitute one of the few records of consumption of large-seeded fruits by P. bilabiatum, and indicate that it may be an important disperser for large-seeded plants. We found evidence that the temporal availability of those fruits may influence the movement ecology of those bats.