ABSTRACT This paper undertakes a review and discussion of empirical research on the social psychology of collective memory. It is widely recognized that those individuals with solid ingroup identification tend to deny the harmful actions perpetrated by their group. This tendency poses a significant challenge in promoting discourses acknowledging past suffering and atrocities. However, advances in research highlighting the influence of the source of communication and variability in the social identity of the victim group could provide a basis for overcoming this barrier to recognition. From the perspective of disadvantaged groups, while the impact of collective memories on attitudes and perceptions fundamental to intergroup relations has been noted, this field remains largely unexplored. Therefore, deepening the relationship between historical narratives and behavioral variables, such as collective action, is highly relevant. In this context, the present article discusses research on collective memory in social psychology. It highlights issues that will allow us to delineate future lines of research in this field.

RESUMO Este artigo faz uma revisão e discussão da pesquisa empírica relacionada à psicologia social da memória coletiva. É amplamente reconhecido que os indivíduos com forte identificação com o grupo interno tendem a negar as ações prejudiciais perpetradas por seu próprio grupo. Essa tendência representa um desafio significativo na tentativa de promover discursos de reconhecimento do sofrimento e das atrocidades do passado. No entanto, os avanços na pesquisa que destacam a influência da fonte de comunicação e a variabilidade na identidade social do grupo de vítimas podem fornecer uma base para superar essa barreira ao reconhecimento. Do ponto de vista dos grupos desfavorecidos, embora tenha sido observado o impacto das memórias coletivas sobre as atitudes e percepções fundamentais para as relações intergrupais, esse campo permanece amplamente inexplorado. Portanto, é de extrema relevância explorar a relação entre as narrativas históricas e as variáveis comportamentais, como a ação coletiva. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta uma discussão da pesquisa sobre memória coletiva no campo da psicologia social e destaca questões que nos permitem delinear futuras linhas de pesquisa nesse campo.

RESUMEN Este trabajo lleva a cabo una revisión y discusión de la investigación empírica relacionada con la psicología social de la memoria colectiva. Es ampliamente reconocido que aquellos individuos con una fuerte identificación con el endogrupo tienden a negar las acciones perjudiciales perpetradas por su propio grupo. Esta tendencia plantea un desafío significativo al intentar promover discursos de reconocimiento de los sufrimientos y atrocidades del pasado. No obstante, los avances en la investigación que destacan la influencia de la fuente de comunicación y la variabilidad en la identidad social del grupo víctima podrían proporcionar una base para superar esta barrera al reconocimiento. Desde la perspectiva de los grupos desfavorecidos, si bien se ha observado el impacto de las memorias colectivas en actitudes y percepciones fundamentales para las relaciones intergrupales, este campo sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorado. Por tanto, resulta de suma relevancia profundizar en la relación existente entre las narrativas históricas y variables comportamentales, como es el caso de la acción colectiva. En este contexto, el presente artículo establece una discusión de la investigación sobre la memoria colectiva en el ámbito de la psicología social y destaca problemáticas que permitan delinear futuras líneas de investigación en este campo.

The study employed a qualitative research approach and emancipatory framework to explore students' experiences with blended learning and emergency remote online learning (EROL). Two data sets were collected from two projects using focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews. The findings highlighted that although technological advancement in universities increased access to information, the needs of the disadvantaged students remain overlooked. EROL and/or blended learning adopted by the universities did not address the fundamentals of access to teaching and learning for the disadvantaged, but focused on institutional needs and saving the academic year. The utilisation of blended learning prior to COVID-19 was excluding some students, and it was unclear how EROL was transformed to ensure that all students accessed education during COVID-19 induced lockdowns. There is thus a need for research to focus on opportunities for student technological advancement not only for ensuring access to education but also for meaningful service delivery during practice.

Resumen Los niños de zonas rurales se han enfrentado históricamente a severas desventajas tanto en el ámbito educativo como en el digital. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido un recordatorio de las barreras que deben sortear debido a la inestable señal de internet, carencias de dispositivos y habilidades digitales. Por ello este trabajo discute el concepto de nativos digitales, es decir, la creencia de que los menores de edad, independiente de sus circunstancias, gozan de habilidades digitales que les permite hacer uso de internet sin necesidad de guías o instrucción previa. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa se analizan discursos y construcciones sociales sobre el rol de internet en la vida diaria a niños de entre 11 y 12 años, a través de la entrevista en tríadas a los menores, sus madres y profesores jefes, además de los directivos de escuelas en cuatro localidades rurales en Chile durante el segundo año de la pandemia. Los principales hallazgos muestran que, a pesar de ser parte de un grupo desfavorecido y la precariedad de la conexión a internet, todos los participantes tienen acceso a teléfonos inteligentes desde una edad temprana. No obstante, los adultos de su entorno educativo tienden a coincidir que el escaso desarrollo de habilidades digitales obstaculiza su proceso de aprendizaje remoto, a pesar de que los niños presentan confianza en el uso de dispositivos.

Abstract Rural children have historically faced severe disadvantages in both educational and digital settings. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a reminder of the barriers they must overcome due to unstable internet signals, lack of devices, and digital skills. For this reason, this paper discusses the concept of digital natives: the belief that minors, regardless of their circumstances, have digital skills that allow them to use the Internet without the need for guides or prior instruction. From a qualitative perspective, discourses and social constructions on the role of the Internet in daily life are analyzed for children between 11 and 12 years of age through interviews in triads with the minors, their mothers, and head teachers, as well as school directors in four rural localities in Chile. The main findings show that despite being part of a disadvantaged group and the precariousness of the Internet connection, all the participants have access to smartphones from an early age. However, adults in their educational environment tend to agree that the poor development of digital skills hinders their remote learning process, even though children are confident in using devices.

Resumo Historicamente, as crianças rurais enfrentaram graves desvantagens em ambientes educacionais e digitais. A pandemia do COVID-19 tem sido um lembrete das barreiras que devem ser superadas devido ao sinal instável da internet, falta de dispositivos e habilidades digitais. Por isso, este trabalho discute o conceito de nativos digitais, ou seja, a crença de que os menores, independentemente de suas circunstâncias, possuem habilidades digitais que lhes permitem utilizar a Internet sem a necessidade de guias ou instrução prévia. A partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, são analisados discursos e construções sociais sobre o papel da Internet no cotidiano de crianças de 11 a 12 anos, por meio de entrevistas em tríades com os menores, suas mães e professores chefes, além de diretores de escola em quatro localidades rurais do Chile. Os principais achados mostram que apesar de fazerem parte de um grupo desfavorecido e da precariedade da conexão com a Internet, todos os participantes têm acesso a smartphones desde cedo. No entanto, os adultos em seu ambiente educacional tendem a concordar que o fraco desenvolvimento das habilidades digitais dificulta seu processo de aprendizagem à distância, apesar de as crianças estarem confiantes no uso dos dispositivos.

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics OBJECTIVES: This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects METHOD: An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms RESULTS: Nearly 2000 people responded, representing different genders, impairments, races, socio-economic status, education and ages. : (1) negative economic and emotional impacts, (2) a lack of inclusive and accessible information, (3) reduced access to services, (4) uncertainty about government and non-government agencies' support and (5)exacerbation of pre-existing disadvantages. These findings echo international predictions of COVID-19 disproportionally impacting people with disabilities CONCLUSION: The evidence reveals that people with disabilities in South Africa experienced many negative impacts of the pandemic. Strategies to control the virus largely ignored attending to human rights and socioeconomic well-being of this marginalised group CONTRIBUTION: The evidence will inform the development of the national monitoring framework, recognised by the South African Government and emphasised by the United Nations as necessary to ensure the realisation of the rights of people with disabilities during future crises including pandemics

Technology plays a crucial role in education and many other sectors of the economy. The national lockdown caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has made apparent the importance of technology in education, with schools that adopted technologies continuing with teaching and learning using remote means, while other schools had to wait for physical classes to resume. The benefits of technology can only be realised if technology is adopted and accepted by the users. Educators are the key players in the success or failure of technology in education. We used an interpretivist approach to explore educator perceptions on the use of technology in South African public schools. The Motivation-Opportunity-Ability model guided the development of our data collection instruments and data analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select a public high school in an underprivileged Cape Flats community. Participants were randomly selected from the school and focus group discussions and interviews were conducted. A survey was administered to triangulate qualitative data. Results show that educators are interested in using user-friendly and effective technology. This paper comes as part of a broad study on technology in education. CATEGORIES: • Applied Computing ~ Education, E-learning

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los determinantes en la financiación del acceso a la atención médica y el papel de una clase particular de financiación informal propia, denminada tontina, para el acceso a la atención médica en la población de migrantes de origen senegalés. Método: Los datos fueron recogidos mediante técnicas cualitativas, entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=14) y grupo de discusión (n=10) en una población de migrantes senegaleses residentes en Granada, entre octubre y noviembre de 2019. Los participantes clave provenían de una tontina. Resultados: La falta de trabajo o de recursos económicos, así como la condición de migrante indocumentado, constituyen barreras para la adhesión a los seguros de salud públicos y privados. Asimismo, los participantes consideran que la asistencia sanitaria pública no tiene en cuenta la importancia que puede tener para ellos seguir un tratamiento cerca de sus familiares o tener la alternativa de las medicinas tradicionales. La tontina permite proteger a las personas más vulnerables, como las indocumentadas, y financiar las prácticas de importancia cultural para las personas migrantes senegalesas. Conclusiones: Este estudio es el primero en proporcionar una comprensión de un mecanismo de financiación propio de un colectivo de migrantes bastante desconocido por la sociedad española. Las tontinas continúan una larga tradición en la que las comunidades desfavorecidas y vulnerables resisten múltiples fuentes de discriminación y desigualdad mediante la autoayuda, la confianza y la solidaridad.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the determinants of healthcare access financing and the role of a particular class of informal financing known as tontine, a community-based health insurance among Senegalese immigrants. Method: Data were retrieved through qualitative techniques, semi-structured interviews (n=14) and discussion group (n=10) in a population of Senegalese migrants residing in Granada between October and November 2019. Key participants were from a tontine. Results: The lack of work or economic resources, as well as the condition of undocumented immigrant constitute barriers to adherence to public and private health insurance. Participants consider that public health care does not take into account the importance of following treatment close to their relatives in their country of origin or having the alternative of traditional medicines. The tontine helps to protect the most vulnerable people such as undocumented immigrants and allows financing services of cultural importance. Conclusions: This study was the first to provide an understanding of a financing mechanism typical of an immigrant community quite unknown to Spanish society. Tontines continue a long tradition whereby disadvantaged and vulnerable communities resist multiple sources of discrimination and inequality by self-help, trust and solidarity.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los determinantes en la financiación del acceso a la atención médica y el papel de una clase particular de financiación informal propia, denminada tontina, para el acceso a la atención médica en la población de migrantes de origen senegalés. Método: Los datos fueron recogidos mediante técnicas cualitativas, entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=14) y grupo de discusión (n=10) en una población de migrantes senegaleses residentes en Granada, entre octubre y noviembre de 2019. Los participantes clave provenían de una tontina. Resultados: La falta de trabajo o de recursos económicos, así como la condición de migrante indocumentado, constituyen barreras para la adhesión a los seguros de salud públicos y privados. Asimismo, los participantes consideran que la asistencia sanitaria pública no tiene en cuenta la importancia que puede tener para ellos seguir un tratamiento cerca de sus familiares o tener la alternativa de las medicinas tradicionales. La tontina permite proteger a las personas más vulnerables, como las indocumentadas, y financiar las prácticas de importancia cultural para las personas migrantes senegalesas. Conclusiones: Este estudio es el primero en proporcionar una comprensión de un mecanismo de financiación propio de un colectivo de migrantes bastante desconocido por la sociedad española. Las tontinas continúan una larga tradición en la que las comunidades desfavorecidas y vulnerables resisten múltiples fuentes de discriminación y desigualdad mediante la autoayuda, la confianza y la solidaridad.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the determinants of healthcare access financing and the role of a particular class of informal financing known as tontine, a community-based health insurance among Senegalese immigrants. Method: Data were retrieved through qualitative techniques, semi-structured interviews (n=14) and discussion group (n=10) in a population of Senegalese migrants residing in Granada between October and November 2019. Key participants were from a tontine. Results: The lack of work or economic resources, as well as the condition of undocumented immigrant constitute barriers to adherence to public and private health insurance. Participants consider that public health care does not take into account the importance of following treatment close to their relatives in their country of origin or having the alternative of traditional medicines. The tontine helps to protect the most vulnerable people such as undocumented immigrants and allows financing services of cultural importance. Conclusions: This study was the first to provide an understanding of a financing mechanism typical of an immigrant community quite unknown to Spanish society. Tontines continue a long tradition whereby disadvantaged and vulnerable communities resist multiple sources of discrimination and inequality by self-help, trust and solidarity.

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las trayectorias de vida de jóvenes desplazados en una comuna de Medellín. A través del acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo, especialmente brindado desde la infancia, y mediante la cultura urbana, los jóvenes evolucionan desde «el muchacho pandillero» hasta convertirse en referentes comunitarios. El trabajo de campo se realizó empleando la metodología cualitativa mediante la técnica biográfico-narrativa, recogiendo información a través de cinco entrevistas en profundidad, líneas de tiempo y observación al participante. Las conclusiones muestran a un grupo de jóvenes perdidos en contexto de barrio, cuyo cambio comienza con el acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo que les permite movilizar sus potencialidades a través del baile y tomar el control de su vida, logrando que sus individualidades trasciendan y posibilitando su influencia en la comunidad.

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as trajetórias de vida dos jovens deslocados numa comunidade em Medellín. Através do acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, as histórias evoluem de "o miúdo da gangue" para referências comunitárias, especialmente na segurança infantil, através da cultura urbana. O trabalho de campo foi realizado utilizando metodologia qualitativa através da técnica biográfico-narrativa, recolhendo informação através de cinco entrevistas aprofundadas, cronogramas e observação dos participantes. As conclusões mostram um grupo de jovens perdidos num contexto de vizinhança, cuja mudança começa com o acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, que lhes permite mobilizar o seu potencial através da dança e assumir o controlo das suas vidas para transcender o indivíduo e tentar influenciar a comunidade.

Abstract (analytical) The aim of this article is to analyse the life trajectories of displaced young people in a community in Medellin. Through psycho-socio-educational accompaniment, the stories go from "being a kid in a gang" to becoming community reference points, especially in the area of childhood safety, through participating in and generating urban culture. Fieldwork was carried out using a qualitative methodology through the biographical-narrative technique, collecting information through five in-depth interviews, timelines and participant observation. The conclusions identify a group of young people who were “lost” in the context of their neighborhood and whose changes began with psycho-socio-educational accompaniment. This allowed them to discover their potential through dance and take control of their lives, resulting in them transcending the individual sphere and trying to influence their community.

Abstract In Argentina, 42% of the population is immersed in poverty, in contexts where health, educational, structural and food resources are scarce. To try to moderate this situation, the Argentine State implements several social plans and programs that seek to provide support to the most disadvantaged populations. Food programs include food provided in soup kitchens, financial assistance and food deliveries. Families living in poverty develop food practices that allow them to survive on the scarce resources they have. This paper describes the food practices and representations of a beneficiary population of the Argentina Plan against Hunger in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, in 2020. This research was conducted from a qualitative perspective. From the results obtained, it can be noted that the Alimentar Card played a fundamental role in the food and economy of these families, since it made it possible for them to buy food that previously meant a greater effort to acquire, and contributed to the fact that the situation of food insecurity in which they found themselves has not deepened even more as a result of the pandemic. The eating pattern of this population is characterized by being monotonous and little varied. During the development of this research, the card was withdrawn when the child turned 7 years old and, from the perspective of the women interviewed, this was one of the most important limitations of this program.

Resumen En Argentina el 42% de la población se encuentra inmersa en la pobreza, en contextos donde los recursos sanitarios, educacionales, estructurales y alimentarios escasean. Para intentar moderar esta situación, el Estado argentino pone en marcha diferentes planes y programas sociales que procuran brindar contención a las poblaciones más desfavorecidas. Los programas alimentarios incluyen la comida que se otorga en comedores comunitarios, ayudas económicas y entregas de alimentos. Las familias que viven en un contexto de pobreza desarrollan prácticas alimentarias que les permiten sobrevivir con los escasos recursos que cuentan. En este trabajo se describen las prácticas y representaciones alimentarias de una población beneficiaria del Plan Argentina contra el Hambre en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19, durante el año 2020. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo desde una perspectiva cualitativa. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se puede señalar que la Tarjeta Alimentar cobró un papel fundamental en la alimentación y en la economía de estas familias, ya que posibilitó la compra de alimentos que antes les significaban un mayor esfuerzo adquirir, y contribuyó a que la situación de inseguridad alimentaria en la que se encontraban no se haya profundizado aún más como consecuencia de la pandemia. El patrón alimentario de esta población se caracteriza por ser monótono y poco variado. Durante el desarrollo de esta investigación, la tarjeta se retiraba cuando el menor cumplía 7 años, desde la mirada de las mujeres entrevistadas, esta era una de las limitaciones más importante de este programa.

Abstract: Socially disadvantaged groups have to deal with diverse negative circumstances. We can expect that high status groups often legitimate and justify these disadvantages. However, when the low status group itself shares this perspective, it is more threatening: How do disadvantaged groups deal with social injustice when the ingroup itself frames it as deserved and legitimate? Previous studies have shown that under this circumstance, those individuals who highly identify with the ingroup reject the legitimacy norm and challenge their views instead by perceiving them as able to overcome and contest the disadvantage by collective means. In this work, we study the effect of a boundary condition, specifically the reliability of the norm of legitimacy. In one experimental study (n = 73), we expect high identifiers to contest the ingroup-as they frame their own disadvantage as legitimate-only if the reliability of the ingroup norm is weak, namely when a small (vs. large) ingroup sample supports it, as the chances to gather support amongst other ingroup members are better. However, when a large ingroup sample endorses the norm, high identifiers will accept this view, as the chances for success are low. We confirmed these hypotheses hinting that although high identifiers are expected to preserve ingroup interests, they might only do that when they can rely on ingroup support. This implies that, even though minorities are crucial to lead social change, the majority ingroup support is necessary in order to approach real changes.

Resumen: Los grupos socialmente desfavorecidos enfrentan diversas desventajas que los grupos de alto estatus pueden legitimar y justificar. Sin embargo, ¿cómo se enfrentan los grupos desaventajados a la injusticia social cuando es el propio grupo quien la percibe como legítima? Estudios previos muestran que, bajo esta circunstancia, aquellos individuos que se identifican en gran medida con el grupo rechazan la norma grupal de legitimidad, y perciben al grupo como capaz de superar la desventaja a través de acciones colectivas. En este trabajo estudiamos una condición que podría limitar este efecto, específicamente la confiabilidad de la norma de legitimidad. En un estudio experimental (N = 73), esperamos que las personas altamente identificadas con el grupo desaventajado rechacen la norma grupal que legitima la desventaja, solo si la confiabilidad de dicha norma es débil, es decir, cuando únicamente una pequeña parte del endogrupo (frente a una grande) aprueba dicha norma, ya que las posibilidades de obtener apoyo entre otros miembros del grupo son más altas en estas circunstancias. Sin embargo, cuando una parte mayor del endogrupo respalda la norma, los miembros altamente identificados aceptarán esta opinión. Estas hipótesis fueron confirmadas, lo que indica que aunque las personas altamente identificadas con el grupo preservan los intereses de éste, es posible que solo lo hagan cuando pueden confiar en que recibirán apoyo grupal. Esto implica que, si bien las minorías son cruciales para liderar el cambio social, el apoyo mayoritario del grupo es necesario para generar cambios.

Whilst the virtual classroom has become the most tenable alternative to address educational needs under the circumstances of the Covid-19 crisis, most universities in Zimbabwe have been found wanting-lacking responsive information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and techno-savvy human capital. This exploratory study employed in-depth telephone interviews with five purposively sampled deans, lecturers, and disadvantaged students-one each from each of five universities (three state, and two private). Forty more students for five focus group discussions were selected through stratified random sampling. Our study adopted a qualitative approach to collect, present, and analyse data. The key finding was that Covid-19 has certainly amplified the digital divide and preexisting inequalities in institutions of higher education, particularly in developing nations like Zimbabwe. Further, the study revealed that a techno-based curriculum delivery approach becomes discriminatory and intensifies social exclusion because some students living in poverty struggle to access the e-learning resource materials. In Zimbabwe, the situation has become dire and complicated because of the economic meltdown prevailing in the country. Universities as service institutions are thus encouraged to invest heavily in ICT infrastructure, and the government to subsidise the cost of internet bandwidth and data bundles to enable students to access the e-learning materials.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir y comprender cómo una intervención en el aprendizaje cooperativo y el uso de teléfonos móviles en aulas de Educación Infantil y Primaria favorece la convivencia escolar en un contexto de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y diversidad cultural. Se realizó un estudio de caso en una escuela brasileña (en la frontera con Bolivia) utilizando diferentes técnicas cualitativas para recopilar la información (observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupo de discusión). Los resultados apuntan a la reducción de las conductas disruptivas, la desafección académica y la exclusión, lo que se atribuye principalmente a la combinación de algunos elementos cooperativos que se ven favorecidos por el teléfono móvil (interdependencia positiva, sentimiento de pertenencia, agrupamientos heterogéneos, responsabilidad individual, interacción promotora, identidad grupal y destrezas cooperativas). El uso educativo de teléfonos móviles con una metodología cooperativa, en este caso, mejoró la convivencia escolar en el grupo estudiado.

Abstract This research seeks to describe and understand how an intervention based on cooperative learning and the use of mobile phones in early childhood and elementary classrooms promotes harmonious relations in schools within a context of socioeconomic vulnerability and cultural diversity. A case study was conducted in a Brazilian school (on the Bolivian border), using different qualitative techniques to collect information (participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a discussion group). The results point to a reduction in disruptive behavior, academic disengagement, and exclusion, attributed primarily to a combination of cooperative factors enhanced by the use of mobile telephones (positive interdependence, a sense of belonging, heterogeneous grouping, individual responsibility, stimulating interaction, group identity, and teamwork skills). In this case, the use of mobile phones in education, coupled with a cooperative methodology, improved school life in the group studied.

Studies indicate that YouTube and YouTube EDU are very popular tools for digital teaching and learning. However, students from disadvantaged communities have significant gaps in experiences, knowledge of the world, and access to enrichment options such as YouTube. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of YouTube versus PowerPoint presentation as a teaching tool to improve overall conceptual understanding of the topic, States of Matter, by 62 second-year pre-service teachers. A quasi-experimental design was used to select the groups conveniently; one group was used as an experimental group (n=31) and the other group was the control group (n=31). A pre-test for both groups was conducted on the first day at the same venue at the time when academic activities commenced at the university. The experimental group as well as the control group consisted of seven (7) males (22.58%) and 24 females (77.42%). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching through YouTube versus PowerPoint presentation. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental (p=0.000) and control group (p=0.003) results. The findings of this study indicate that science lecturers can convey information to their students via digital media, devices, and techniques to improve the understanding of chemistry content. This creates sustainable teaching and learning spaces that will improve overall teaching and learning.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Awareness interventions in the developing world remain scarce. Community health workers (CHWs) are a critical component towards ensuring efficient delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries. AIM: This study explored the experiences of CHWs of their training as lung cancer awareness intervention implementers. SETTING: The study was conducted in a resource-poor setting, with CHWs from previously disadvantaged communities. METHODS: On the last day of training, 10 CHWs were requested to voluntarily participate in a focus group discussion regarding their experiences of the training, utilising a discussion guide. RESULTS: The participants expressed positive experiences with the training. They cited the amenable and conducive learning environment established by the facilitator. The participants felt empowered through the newly acquired knowledge and wanted to help their communities. However, some participants expressed a desire to have other forms of learning incorporated in future training. The participants were also cognisant of existing gaps in their own knowledge that could be elaborated upon in preparation for potential questions by the community. Some participants confirmed their role as agents of change. CONCLUSION: The authors propose large-scale intervention studies of lung cancer awareness utilising the CHW programme to gather conclusive evidence regarding their effectiveness at a community level. CONTRIBUTION: This article provides insight into the training of community health workers on lung cancer awareness and future research on the integration of the intervention into already existing programmes.

Resumen La despenalización del aborto preveía eliminar los abortos clandestinos, aunque todavía subsistan, hoy en día, barreras a la práctica de un aborto seguro, que afectan más a las mujeres desfavorecidas: la objeción de conciencia, plazos demasiado cortos para llevar a cabo el procedimiento, períodos obligatorios de reflexión o incluso el estigma que recae sobre la propia persona. En este trabajo se investigó la relación entre la producción legislativa y su implementación. Las discrepancias que se verifican atestan que parte de sus objetivos han fallado. Se analizaron los datos cuantitativos de la DGS y datos cualitativos con origen en entrevistas y focus group con expertos y profesionales de salud. Las evidencias de este trabajo han producido orientaciones para debates futuros.

Resumo A despenalização do aborto previu eliminar os abortos clandestinos, embora ainda existam barreiras ao aborto seguro que afetam mais as mulheres desfavorecidas: objeção de consciência, prazos demasiado curtos para o procedimento, períodos de reflexão obrigatórios ou a estigmatização. Foi investigada a relação entre a formulação legislativa e a sua implementação, sendo que eventuais discrepâncias atestam a falência parcial dos seus objetivos. Foram analisados os dados quantitativos da DGS e qualitativos provenientes de entrevistas e focus group com especialistas e profissionais de saúde. As evidências produziram orientações para debates futuros.

Résumé La dépénalisation de l’avortement visait à mettre fin aux avortements clandestins. Cependant, des obstacles qui affectent plus les femmes défavorisées restent à l’évidence: l’objection de conscience, des délais de procédure trop courts, des périodes de réflexion obligatoires ou la stigmatisation. La recherche sur la relation entre la formulation législative et sa mise, basée sur des données quantitatives de la DGS et qualitatives d’entretiens et de groupes de discussion avec des spécialistes et des professionnels de la santé, témoigne de l’échec partiel de ses objectifs. Cette évidence fournie, par ailleurs, des éléments pour un débat futur.

Abstract The decriminalization of abortion aimed to end clandestine abortions, but are still some barriers to safe abortion that affect, mostly, women in disadvantaged situations: conscientious objection, too short procedure deadlines, mandatory reflection periods or stigmatization. The links between the legislative formulation and its implementation was investigated and any eventual discrepancies attest the partial failure of its objectives. DGS quantitative data and qualitative information from interviews and focus group with specialists and health professionals, were analysed. The evidence provided clues to future debate.