This study delves into the dynamic interplay between GeoGebra, a prominent interactive digital tool, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) cognition, focusing on teachers. Anchored by the objective to unravel how GeoGebra influences conceptual understanding and visualisation, the research hypothesises that GeoGebra significantly influences cognitive outcomes in STEM cognition. Thus, aiming to assess the hypothesis that GeoGebra significantly influences cognitive outcomes, a Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed. Data was collected through a survey designed to capture the experiences and interactions of 71 teachers with GeoGebra. The significant direct pathways (Analogical Comparison Principle (ACP) and Error and Misconceptions Reflection Principle (EMR) and between Mathematical and Computational Algorithms (MCA) and Analogical Comparison Principle (ACP)) established empirical evidence to the theory that GeoGebra can facilitate conceptual understanding as well as cognitive development. Additionally, the indirect pathways with no significant effects such as Mathematical Cognition (MAS) to ACP to EMR was indicative of the fact that influence of GeoGebra operates more through direct interactions with the software as opposed to through mediated learning processes. The conclusion is that influence of GeoGebra is not uniform across all contexts, indicative of the fact that factors such as geographical location play a critical role in shaping the software's effectiveness in enhancing STEM education. In sum, while GeoGebra is a potent interactive digital tool for enhancing STEM cognition, the results call for tailored strategies in integrating digital tools like GeoGebra, by considering the specific needs of different learning context, particularly paying attention to the contrast between urban and rural educational settings.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess how microclimate variables and irrigation affect the growth of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted using the VAT90-212 cultivar in the Semi-arid region of Brazil. The microclimate was monitored and by quantifying the irrigation depth. Nine campaigns were carried out in the field to collect morphological and biomass data. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, so as to generate the mean values and/or sum between the campaigns. Using the correlation coefficient, the extent, sign and significance of the relationship between the response and explanatory variables were evaluated. The direct or indirect effects of the explanatory variables on the response variables were identified by path analysis. There was a significant correlation between microclimate variables and the morphological and biomass variables of the sugarcane, with a strong contribution from the intercepted fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation, the wind speed and soil temperature. The negative correlation with irrigation suggests that excess water impaired the growth dynamics of the crop. It is concluded that the growth of sugarcane is closely related to its capacity to intercept radiation, to the wind, thermal regime of the soil and irrigation management. VAT90212 VAT VAT90 212 VAT90-21 Semiarid Semi arid Brazil depth statistics andor coefficient extent evaluated analysis radiation temperature crop management VAT9021 VAT9 21 VAT90-2 VAT902 2 VAT90-

Resumen En la región semiárida de Paraíba, el caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) es el prin cipal producto de la agricultura familiar. El cultivo tiene baja productividad debido a lluvias irregulares y al uso de cultivares de baja productividad. Con el objetivo de superar estas limitaciones y aumentar la eficiencia de la selección de cultivares superiores, se llevó a cabo un extenso estudio utilizando modelos biométricos en caupí, con los siguientes obje tivos: i. Estimar las ganancias genéticas de los componentes de la producción; ii. Identi ficar el modelo de índice de selección que proporciona las mayores ganancias mediante la selección simultánea de un conjunto de variables y iii. Seleccionar cultivares con mayor productividad. El experimento se llevó a cabo en el campo experimental del Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande. Se evaluaron 13 variables relacionadas con la productividad. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA y las medias se agruparon según la prueba de Scott y Knott p≤ 0,05. También se estimó el coeficiente de heredabilidad de cada variable. Las ganancias genéticas se estimaron utili zando las siguientes metodologías: respuesta correlacionada, índice de selección clásico, suma de rango e índice basado en las ganancias deseadas. Se encontró que la selección directa del componente de rendimiento de la vaina secundaria proporciona ganancias genéticas significativas en rendimiento de grano. Entre las metodologías utilizadas, el índice de selección clásico proporcionó una mayor distribución de las ganancias genéticas para rendimiento de grano y para los componentes primarios de producción. Estos resultados permiten concluir que los cultivares Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã y Paulistinha pueden seleccionarse para cultivo y explotación en la región semiárida de Paraíba.

Abstract Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba.

ABSTRACT The present study explored the predictive values of milk leukocyte differentials (MLD) as a basis for improving the diagnosis of intramammary infections (IMIs) and subclinical mastitis. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological analysis, quarter somatic cell count (qSCC), and MLD. The MLD were assessed using the cytospin technique, direct microscopic smears, and flow cytometry. The predictive values of each single leukocyte population and useful potential indices that could better reflect immune complexity were also calculated. Changes in the percentage of any leukocyte alone failed to substantially improve the predictive value of qSCC in diagnosing IMIs. Although certain parameters increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) as a result of increased specificity values, a slight reduction in sensitivity was observed. The so-called CD8 complex was a unique parameter which improved both the sensitivity (78.79 %) and the specificity (80.77 %) in IMI diagnosis, resulting in the highest area under the ROC curve (0.87). To diagnose subclinical mastitis, the percentage of macrophages and the sum of the percentage PMNLs and T CD8+ cells divided by the percentage of macrophages showed the highest predictive values (sensitivity = 79.63, specificity = 73.68, and area under the ROC curve = 0.83) in the differentiation of the inflammatory condition status of cows. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into using T CD8+ lymphocytes in diagnosing bovine IMIs, combined with PMNLs and macrophages. The antidromic trend of macrophages vs. PMNLs and T CD8+ lymphocytes due to the increasing qSCCs was crucial to differentiating quarters under both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. (MLD IMIs (IMIs mastitis analysis qSCC, , (qSCC) technique smears cytometry calculated observed socalled so called CD 78.79 7879 78 79 (78.7 % 80.77 8077 80 77 (80.7 0.87. 087 0.87 . 0 87 (0.87) 7963 63 79.63 7368 73 68 73.68 0.83 083 83 cows conclusion vs noninflammatory non conditions (qSCC 78.7 787 7 (78. 80.7 807 8 (80. 08 0.8 (0.87 796 6 79.6 736 73.6 78. (78 80. (80 0. (0.8 79. 73. (7 (8 (0. ( (0

Abstract This study investigates the impact of winds, tides, and river discharges on the coastal current and salinity variability of Southern Brazil’s inner shelf. Data on wind speed, current, surface salinity, and temperature were collected for analysis from a metocean buoy of the Brazilian Coastal Monitoring System (SiMCosta). The observed current time series can be interpreted as a sum of highly variable flows correlated with local wind stress, and a residual mean current flowing southward along the coast at a few centimeters per second. Tidal currents were predominantly diurnal, albeit negligible, representing approximately 1.7% of the current variance in the region. We observed a prevalence of northwest winds and southeastward currents on the inner shelf, as well as an intermittent flow in both the alongshore and cross-shore directions due to meteorological frontal system passages. The power spectrum of both current components presented similar frequency patterns, indicating the prevalence of high-energy events in periods of 3 to 10 days over the entire time series. The alongshore current is highly correlated (r=0.73, p<0.05) with alongshore wind and a delay of 3 hours. In the low- (period >40 h) and high-frequency (period <40 h), the temporal lags were of 5 and 3 hours, respectively, with correlations of 0.79 (p<0.05) and 0.60 (p<0.05). The wavelet analysis has shown that high-energy events in alongshore wind stress are more common between August and October and less often between February and March, with similar surface currents and salinity patterns. A decrease in surface salinity during the winter season was observed due to the high level of Patos Lagoon’s outflow. Mean daily salinity correlated negatively with Patos Lagoon’s outflow, however part of this variability is associated with the intrusion of Patos Lagoon’s plume and the passage of frontal systems. tides Brazils Brazil s shelf speed SiMCosta. SiMCosta . (SiMCosta) second diurnal negligible 17 1 7 1.7 region crossshore cross shore passages patterns highenergy energy r=0.73, r073 r 0 73 (r=0.73 p<0.05 p005 p 05 hours low period 40 >4 h highfrequency <4 h, , respectively 079 79 0.7 (p<0.05 060 60 0.6 p<0.05. March Lagoons Lagoon outflow systems (SiMCosta 1. r=0.73 r07 (r=0.7 p<0.0 p00 4 > < 07 0. (p<0.0 06 6 r=0.7 r0 (r=0. p<0. p0 (p<0. r=0. (r=0 p<0 (p<0 r=0 (r= p< (p< r= (r (p

ABSTRACT. Selection practices are maximized when plant breeders have the availability of consolidated parameters, which will guide direct and indirect selection methods. This study aimed to apply a biometric alternative to minimize residual variance and maximize selection parameters by parent-progeny regression, interim controls, and mixed linear models intrinsic to breeding. The obtained data were subjected to the assumptions of the statistical model, which identified the normality and homogeneity of the residual variances and model additivity. Subsequently, two analysis scenarios were created. The first preserved all information obtained in the experiment, both from segregating families and pure-line cultivars, and was called original scenario. The other scenario preserved progeny data, but the residual variability of controls was restricted using as criterion observations contained between the interval of the first sample standard deviation. Thereby, an acceptable residue limit could be obtained. Both scenarios were submitted to three consolidated frequentist methods (genitor-progeny regression; sum of squares of augmented block design with interim controls; and mixed linear models, wherein random genetic effects are taken as weighted genetic parameters by the genealogical matrix). Restricting residual variation in parents or controls can maximize genetic parameters and genetic gains in soybean breeding. Significant heritability estimate gains were obtained in the augmented blocks with interim control approach. Mixed linear models with random genetic effects can be considered a great tool to obtain genetic parameters in experiments with a high magnitude of common and regular treatments.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dengue, la neumonía y la Meningitis Bacteriana Aguda (MBA), producen un elevado impacto socioeconómico, una elevada carga económica y social en los sistemas de salud y la sociedad. Objetivo: comparar el costo económico y la carga por dengue, neumonía y MBA en ≤15 años hospitalizados, entre enero/07 y mayo/19. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo. Los datos fueron obtenidos de expedientes de pacientes hospitalizados con diagnósticos de Dengue, neumonía y MBA. Los costos médicos directos se obtuvieron de la base de datos del IMT. Para los costos directos no médicos y los indirectos se utilizó literatura internacional estimados para Paraguay. Los DALYs fueron calculados a partir de la suma de los AVPP y los DVSP. Resultados: Se identificaron 784, 1419 y 125 pacientes con Dengue, neumonía y MBA, respectivamente. La edad media fue de 118,1±53,6; 34,0±38,9 y 52,1±64,3 meses, respectivamente (p<0.05). La media de días de hospitalización: 4,8±2,8; 9,4±8,7 y 13,8±14,0 días, respectivamente. El 8,9%(70/784) de los casos con dengue, el 29,6%(420/1419) de las neumonías y el 70,4%(88/125) de las MBA requirieron UCI. El 0,6%(5/784), el 5,3%(78/1419) y el 31,2%(39/125) pacientes fallecieron. El costo por hospitalización por dengue, neumonía y meningitis fue de 465496, 3094721 y 127063 US$, respectivamente; los AVPP fueron de 328.1, 5373.4 y 1846.7 años, respectivamente; los DVSP fueron 1459.8, 8595.2 y 996.1, respectivamente y los DALYs de 1641.66; 13968.6 y 2842.8, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los costos de atención de estas patologías, inmunoprevenibles, son considerables, producen un impacto social importante, en el sector salud y la economía en general del país.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue, pneumonia and Acute Bacterial Meningitis (ABM) produce a high socioeconomic impact, a high economic and social burden on health systems and society. Objective: to compare the economic costs and burdens of dengue, pneumonia and ABM in hospitalized patients ≤15 years of age, between January 2007 and May 2019. Materials and Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. The data were obtained from records of hospitalized patients diagnosed with Dengue, pneumonia and ABM. Direct medical costs were obtained from the hospital database. For direct non-medical and indirect costs, international literature estimates for Paraguay were used. The DALYs were calculated from the sum of the AVPP and the DVSP. Results: 784, 1419 and 125 patients with Dengue, pneumonia and ABM were identified, respectively. The mean age was 118.1 ± 53.6; 34.0±38.9 and 52.1±64.3 months, respectively (p<0.05). Mean days of hospitalization: 4.8±2.8; 9.4±8.7 and 13.8±14.0 days, respectively. 8.9% (70/784) of the cases with dengue, 29.6% (420/1419) of the pneumonias and 70.4% (88/125) of the ABM cases required ICU. 0.6% (5/784), 5.3% (78/1419) and 31.2% (39/125) patients died. The cost per hospitalization for dengue, pneumonia, and meningitis was US$ 465,496, US$ 3094,721, and US$ 127,063, respectively; YPPA were 328.1, 5373.4 and 1846.7 years, respectively; the DVSPs were 1459.8, 8595.2 and 996.1, respectively, and the DALYs were 1641.66; 13968.6 and 2842.8, respectively. Conclusions: The costs of care for these immunopreventable pathologies are considerable, they produce an important impact in the country’s social, health and economic sectors.

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease may be more likely to develop atherogenic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the early identification of risk factors and intervention in childhood may be crucial for a good quality of life and longevity. Objectives To describe the distribution of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and its association with socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Methods Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents aged between 5 and 18 years, with congenital heart disease. Socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. HDL-c concentrations were evaluated by the direct method and categorized as desirable (>45 mg/dL), borderline (40-45 mg/dL) and low (<40 mg/dL). We also assessed the “undesirable” levels, consisting of the sum of “borderline” and “low” values for comparative purposes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factor associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. A p<0.05 value was adopted as statistically significant. Results Mean HDL-c was 51.2 mg/dL (SD 12.6), with a prevalence of 33.2% of undesirable HDL-c. In the multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein levels ≥ 3mg/dL (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.32-8.04), age ≥ 10 years old (OR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.12-3.99) and undesirable levels of triglycerides (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.13-4.75) were associated with undesirable HDL-c. Conclusion In this sample of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, almost one third presented low or borderline HDL-c levels. Age ≥10 years, C-reactive protein and triglycerides were associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. These factors should be considered in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood in this population.

Resumen Introducción: la disfagia es un síntoma frecuente y grave en las personas con daño cerebral y se necesita una herramienta que permita cuantificar y objetivar su evolución. Objetivo: desarrollar y validar una herramienta que mida la evolución de la disfagia en un paciente con daño cerebral adquirido a fin de facilitar la toma de decisiones durante el tratamiento multidisciplinar. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo que consta de dos fases con el objetivo de desarrollar una nueva herramienta. En la primera se desarrolla el instrumento y en la segunda se estudian las propiedades psicométricas tras su aplicación a 83 pacientes, la validez de contenido, la validez convergente, la validez de grupos conocidos, la fiabilidad y la sensibilidad al cambio. Resultados: se obtuvo la escala EDMUR, un instrumento compuesto por 5 dominios y 46 ítems. Tras el juicio de expertos, todos los ítems propuestos en la fase de diseño de la escala alcanzaron los valores mínimos de V de Aiken y CRV´. El valor de la alfa de Cronbach (α) mostró una buena consistencia interna. La correlación entre la escala FOIS y la EDMUR, obtenida a través del coeficiente de Spearman (rho), fue directa y significativa. La prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todos los grupos establecidos según los niveles de la FOIS. Para la sensibilidad interna se empleó la suma de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, obteniéndose una diferencia significativa entre las dos valoraciones. La sensibilidad externa de la escala obtuvo una correlación directa y significativa. Conclusiones: la escala EDMUR es una herramienta fiable, válida y sensible para la cuantificación de la evolución de la disfagia, mejorando la calidad de los tratamientos.

Abstract Introduction: dysphagia is a frequent and serious symptom in people with brain damage and a tool is needed to quantify and objectify its evolution. Objective: to develop and validate an instrument to measure the evolution of dysphagia in a patient with acquired brain damage in order to facilitate decision-making during multidisciplinary treatment. Methods: a longitudinal, retrospective cross-sectional study that consists of two phases with the aim of developing a new tool. In the first phase the instrument is developed and in the second psychometric properties, after application to 83 patients, is analyzed together with content validity, convergent validity, validity of known groups, reliability, and sensitivity to change. Results: an instrument, the EDMUR scale, composed of 5 domains and 46 items was obtained. After expert judgment, all the items proposed in the scale design phase reached the minimum values of Aiken's V and CRV'. Cronbach's alpha (〈) showed a good internal consistency. The correlation between the FOIS scale and the EDMUR obtained through Spearman's coefficient (rho) was direct and significant. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test revealed statistically significant differences between all the groups established according to the levels of the FOIS. For internal sensitivity, the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used, obtaining a significant difference between the two assessments. The external sensitivity of the scale obtained a direct and significant correlation. Conclusions: the EDMUR scale is a reliable, valid, and sensitive instrument for quantifying the evolution of dysphagia, thus improving the quality of treatments.

Resumo O presente estudo foi conduzido entre crianças em idade escolar para reconhecer a prevalência de IPIs em comunidades rurais do distrito de Dir Lower, Paquistão. Foram coletadas 324 amostras de fezes (210 meninos e 114 meninas). Método de esfregaço direto usado e técnica de concentração de sedimentação de formol éter para processar as amostras. O resultado mostra que 82% (n = 266) dos infectados eram 64,8% do sexo masculino e 35,1% do feminino. Crianças da faixa etária de 10 a 12 anos foram encontradas extremamente infectadas 94,2%, enquanto a faixa etária de 4 a 6 anos apresentava proporção mínima de infecção de 72%. O estudo atual mostra monoparasitismo em 50,6% dos alunos, enquanto 22,2% estavam infectados com 2 espécies e 7,40% estavam infectados com três espécies de parasitas. Sete espécies de parasitas intestinais foram relatadas incluindo Ascaris lumbricoid em machos (n = 122) 58,0% e em fêmeas (n = 65) 57,0% seguido por anzol (n = 88) 41,9% e (n = 44) 38,5%; Tania saginata (n = 44) 20,9% e (n = 24) 21,0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n = 32) 15,2% e (n = 16) 14,0%; Trichuris trichura (n = 25) 11,9% e (n = 22) 19,2%; Hymenolepis nana (n = 24) 11,4% e (n = 18) 15,7% e Entameoba histolytica (n = 16) 7,61% e (n = 14) 12,2% em homens e mulheres, respectivamente. O estudo indica que os parasitas intestinais que mais ocorreram no presente estudo foram Ascaris lumbricoides 58,0% (n = 122), seguidos por ancilóstomos 41,9% (n = 88). Estudantes do sexo masculino foram mais infectados do que do sexo feminino no presente estudo.

Abstract Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.

The case study plays out in a tiny coastal enclave when a landowner invites an acquaintance with a wagon home to temporarily locate the structure to their empty plot. Residents and landowners raise questions about the appropriateness and legal validity of such living arrangements and ultimately, for the authors, raises the question of community identity. The article explores the phenomenon of the flâneur as a persona, freedom camping, and of marginalisation in space and place through the lens of place brand identity. Considering the notion of place brand, the article explores the situation in the context of habitus and the historical sense of villagers about their enclosed or secluded environment, home, and sense of social belonging. The qualitative thematic analysis revealed three dominant themes namely the disturbance, or threat to habitus, place brand identity as delineated in the interactions of a messaging community group, and inclusion or exclusion of the precedent from the community. The theoretic argument that culminates in the positioning of the ideal social construct suggests that habitus positions the place brand beyond commonalities or variances in its physical features and social demography. The authors conclude that the unique blend of place brand identity and habitus can evolve and confirm itself continuously, with the potential to either facilitate the intersectionality, diversity, and inclusiveness of the place brand identity as the sum of its habitus, or risk is demise. Place brand identity is inextricably defined by its habitus, and direct challenges to social exclusion and the control of common narratives by actively promoting inclusive practices might then also point to a healthy place brand habitus.

Resumen Se comparan suelos de cafetales con diferente pendiente y manejo durante un año. En cuatro cafetales (manejo órgano-mineral, agroecológico con mínimo manejo, manejo convencional y manejo agroecológico) se llevó a cabo el muestreo de suelo por estación del año y se cuantificó materia orgánica, carbono orgánico, N, P, K, CIC, pH, textura y respiración microbiana. Los suelos con manejo agroecológico presentaron valores más altos de materia orgánica (10.09%) y respiración microbiana (621 µg C.CO2). Por estación del año varió carbono orgánico, N, materia orgánica y respiración microbiana. La materia orgánica y respiración microbiana fue similar en cafetales con misma pendiente. No hay una relación directa de calidad del suelo y rendimiento de café. En Tlapacoyan la producción de café disminuye y la sustentabilidad y calidad de los suelos también.

Abstract Soils of four coffee plantations (organo-mineral, agroecological management with minimal management, conventional management and agroecological management) with different slopes and management were compared for one year. Soil sampling was carried out by season, organic matter, organic carbon, N, P, K, CEC, pH, texture and microbial respiration were measured. Organic carbon, N, organic matter, and microbial respiration varied. Soils with agroecological management presents higher values of organic matter (10.09%) and microbial respiration (621 µg C.CO2). Organic matter and microbial respiration were similar in coffee plantations with the same slope by season. There is a direct relationship between the content of organic matter, nitrogen with microbial respiration and other soil properties, but not with the coffee yield. Tlapacoyan coffee production decreases, at the pair with the sustainability and quality of the soils because of the adoption of technologies with the use of agrochemicals.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: O conhecimento do sistema porta e de suas variações anatômicas contribui para prevenir acidentes cirúrgicos. Usualmente, a veia porta é formada pela confluência das veias mesentérica superior e esplênica, junto com suas principais tributárias: as veias mesentérica inferior, gástrica esquerda e pancreaticoduodenal. Entretanto, variações anatômicas são frequentes. OBJETIVO: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura em relação às variações anatômicas previamente descritas do sistema venoso porta e sua frequência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada revisão sistemática de estudos primários nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, BIREME, LILACS, Embase, Science Direct e Scopus. As bases de dados foram pesquisadas pelas seguintes palavras-chave: Anatomia, Veia porta, Veia mesentérica, Formação, Variação, Variante anatômica, Veia esplenomesentérica, Veia esplênica, tributárias e Confluência. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas doze variantes do sistema venoso portal, representando diferentes formações da veia esplênica, veia mesentérica superior e veia mesentérica inferior. A classificação de Thomson, do final do século XIX, refere três variantes mais frequentes, com predomínio do tipo I (M = 47%), seguido do tipo III (M = 27,8%) e do tipo II (M = 18,6%). CONCLUSÃO: A classificação de variantes de Thomson é a mais conhecida e responde por mais de 90% da variante venosa portal encontrada na prática clínica, na medida em que a soma das três junções é encontrada em mais de 93% dos pacientes. Embora mais raras e representando menos de 7% das variantes, as outras nove variações relatadas ocasionalmente serão encontradas durante muitas cirurgias abdominais.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the portal system and its anatomical variations aids to prevent surgical adverse events. The portal vein is usually made by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, together with their main tributaries, the inferior mesenteric, left gastric, and pancreaticoduodenal veins; however, anatomical variations are frequent. AIM: This article presents a literature review regarding previously described anatomical variations of the portal venous system and their frequency. METHODS: A systematic review of primary studies was performed in the databases PubMed, SciELO, BIREME, LILACS, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Databases were searched for the following key terms: Anatomy, Portal vein, Mesenteric vein, Formation, Variation, Variant anatomic, Splenomesenteric vein, Splenic vein tributaries, and Confluence. RESULTS: We identified 12 variants of the portal venous bed, representing different unions of the splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and inferior mesenteric vein. Thomson classification of the end of 19th century refers to the three most frequent variants, with type I as predominant (M=47%), followed by type III (M=27.8%) and type II (M=18.6%). CONCLUSION: Thomson classification of variants is the most well-known, accounting for over 90% of portal venous variant found in clinical practice, inasmuch as the sum of the three junctions are found in over 93% of the patients. Even though rarer and accounting for less than 7% of variants, the other nine reported variations will occasionally be found during many abdominal operations.

RESUMO A obtenção de vegetais biofortificados, com destaque para a alface, é uma ferramenta para melhorar o estado nutricional da população. Os índices de seleção podem maximizar a seleção simultânea de boas características agronômicas e altos níveis de carotenoides. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e a eficiência de diferentes índices para a seleção de genótipos de alface biofortificados combinados com características agronômicas adequadas. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com 91 genótipos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de alface biofortificada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de clorofila das folhas, diâmetro da planta, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas por planta. Os valores encontrados para herdabilidade no sentido restrito (h²) variaram de 89,63% (diâmetro do caule) a 96,05% (clorofila), apresentando alta magnitude. O índice de Smith-Hazel, a soma de “ranks” de Mulamba & Mock, a seleção direta e indireta e o índice base de Williams foram usados para prever os ganhos de seleção. No total, 17 indivíduos foram selecionados usando as metodologias de seleção. Os índices de Smith-Hazel, Williams e Mulamba & Mock são eficientes em mostrar bons ganhos diretos para as características avaliadas. Treze genótipos foram selecionados por todos os índices apresentando características agronômicas favoráveis, sendo promissores para o avanço de geração no programa de melhoramento para obter linhagens de alface biofortificadas.

ABSTRACT Obtaining biofortified vegetables with an emphasis on lettuce is a tool to improve the nutritional status of the population. Selection indices can maximize the simultaneous selection of good agronomic traits and high carotenoid levels. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and efficiency of different indices in selecting genotypes of biofortified lettuce with high concentrations of carotenoids and favorable agronomic traits. Statistical analyses were performed on 91 genotypes belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. The variables analyzed were the chlorophyll index of the leaves, plant diameter, stem diameter, and number of leaves per plant. The values found for narrow sense heritability (h²) ranged from 89.63% (stem diameter) to 96.05% (chlorophyll), showing a high magnitude. The Smith-Hazel index, sum of ranks by the Mulamba & Mock index, direct and indirect selection, and Williams base index were used to predict the selection gains. A total of 17 individuals were selected using the selection methodologies. The Smith-Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba & Mock indices were efficient in showing good direct gains for the evaluated traits. Thirteen genotypes were selected for all indices presenting suitable agronomic traits, which show promise for advancing generations within the breeding program to obtain biofortified lettuce strains.

Resumen Introducción: Los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) de provisión suministrados por los agroecosistemas de huertos familiares (AEHF) se refieren a los beneficios tangibles que las personas obtienen del ecosistema. Aunque los AEHF, han sido ampliamente estudiados, pocos son los trabajos que evidencian su abordaje desde una perspectiva integral, la cual incorpore características biofísicas y económicas al mismo tiempo. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis integral los servicios ecosistémicos de provisión suministrados por agroecosistemas de huertos familiares del Estado de México. Métodos: Se recopilo información sobre los SE de provisión (identificación, usos, destinos y generación de ingresos) mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuestionarios, inventarios de especies, observaciónes directas, y recorridos en campo entre Marzo a Diciembre de 2019 en tres comunidades rurales, con la participación de 42 familias propietarias de los huertos familiares. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de seis SE de provisión asociados a 212 especies, las cuales fueron distribuidas en 172 géneros y 82 familias. Los Principales usos que los propietarios de los huertos dieron a los SE de provisión fueron ornamentales (51 %), seguidos de los alimenticios (39 %) y medicinales (32 %), donde especies como Cymbopogon citratus, Persea americana, Punica granatum, Zea mays e Inga jinicuil, tuvieron los mayores valores de uso (V. U. = 4). El destino de la producción fue autoconsumo, venta e intercambio; siendo el primero, la principal estrategia de sobrevivencia utilizada por los hogares. La venta de productos comestibles en fresco, así como de sus derivados represento ingresos brutos promedio de 1 333.47 USD/año para los propietarios de los huertos familiares. Conclusiones: Los servicios ecosistémicos de provisión proporcionados por los huertos familiares son vistos como una fuente importante de recursos, los cuales permiten satisfacer necesidades múltiples de los hogares rurales, catalogados en pobreza extrema.

Abstract Introduction: Provisioning ecosystem services (ES) provided by agroecosystems of family orchards (AEFO) refer to the tangible benefits that people obtain from the ecosystem. Although AEFO have been widely studied, few studies show their approach from an integral perspective, which incorporates biophysical and economic characteristics at the same time. Objective: To carry out an integral analysis of provisioning ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems of family orchards from State of Mexico. Methods: Information about provisioning ecosystem services (identification, uses, destination and income generation) were collected between March to December 2019 from three rural communities by involving 42 families with a family orchard using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, species inventories, direct observation and field trips. Results: A sum of six provisioning ecosystem services were identified, which were associated to 212 species, distributed in 172 genera and 82 families. The main uses that the owners of the orchards gave to provisioning ES were ornamental (51 %), followed by food (39 %) and medicinal (32 %), where species such as Cymbopogon citratus, Persea americana, Punica granatum, Zea mays e Inga jinicuil, had the highest use values (U. V. = 4). The destination of the production was self-consumption, sale and exchange, being the first the main survival strategy used by households. Sale of edible products in fresh, as well as their derivatives, represented an average gross income of 1 333.47 USD/year for the owners of the family orchards. Conclusions: Provisioning ecosystem services provided by family orchards seen as an important source of resources, which allow the households of rural communities classified in extreme poverty to cover multiple needs.