ABSTRACT The development of aquaculture through the cultivation of what are considered unconventional species is an option with the potential to solve the problem of food scarcity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of juvenile Pomacea haustrum fed different commercial diets, and subjected to different levels of salinity. After seven P. haustrum spawn had hatched in the laboratory, the juveniles were randomly selected and transferred to the rearing containers. Two different commercial diets were offered: rabbit feed with a high proportion of ingredients rich in crude vegetable protein (VP), and dog food containing balanced levels of ingredients rich in crude vegetable and animal protein (MP). The selected juveniles were randomly stocked at different salinities (0, 2 and 4 parts per thousand - ppt). The experiment lasted 65 days. Twenty-one hours after the start of the experiment, 100% of the individuals reared at a salinity of 4 ppt had died. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the results for zootechnical performance (average final weight, weight gain, average final growth, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and apparent feed conversion) for animals reared in fresh water or at a salinity of 2 ppt, regardless of the type of diet. The origin of the protein in the diet had no significant effect on the zootechnical performance of the individuals; however, the salinity of the water impaired development of the animals in direct proportion to its concentration. scarcity P laboratory containers offered VP, VP , (VP) MP. MP . (MP) 0, 0 (0 ppt. ppt) 6 days Twentyone Twenty one 100 died p 0.05 005 05 gain rate conversion however concentration (VP (MP ( 10 0.0 00 1 0.

Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto moderador del castigo percibido sobre la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de la tríada oscura y la corrupción en Brasil (N = 118) y en el Reino Unido (N = 130). Los participantes respondieron a la Escala de la Docena Sucia de la Triada Oscura, así como a medidas de corrupción y castigo percibido. Se encontró que el castigo predice la corrupción en ambos países. En cuanto a los rasgos de la tríada oscura, se identificó una relación entre el maquiavelismo y la corrupción en Brasil y en el Reino Unido, aunque se identificó una interacción con el castigo solo en Brasil. Además, la psicopatía no tuvo relación con la corrupción o el castigo en ninguno de los dos países. Se encontró una relación directa solo en Brasil con el narcisismo, aunque la interacción fue significativa en ambos países. En general, se identificó que el castigo percibido y los rasgos de la tríada oscura contribuyen a la comprensión de la corrupción, a pesar de algunas diferencias en los resultados entre Brasil y el Reino Unido.

Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o papel moderador da percepção de punição na relação entre Tríade Sombria da personalidade e corrupção no Brasil (N = 118) e no Reino Unido (N = 130). Participantes responderam à Escala Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, bem como a medidas de corrupção e percepção de punição. Foi encontrado que a punição prediz a corrupção em ambos os países. Em relação à Tríade Sombria, o relacionamento entre maquiavelismo e corrupção foi identificado no Brasil e no Reino Unido, embora a interação com a punição tenha sido identificada apenas no Brasil. Adicionalmente, a psicopatia não teve relação com a corrupção ou com a punição em nenhum dos países. Um efeito direto do narcisismo foi encontrado apenas no Brasil, apesar do termo de interação ter sido significativo em ambos os países. De forma geral, foi identificado que a percepção de punição e a tríade sombria contribuíram com a compreensão da corrupção, apesar de algumas diferenças nos resultados entre Brasil e Reino Unido.

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of perceived punishment on the relationship between the Dark Triad personality traits and corruption in Brazil (N = 118) and the United Kingdom (N = 130). Participants answered the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, as well as measures of corruption and perceived punishment. It was found that punishment predicts corruption in both countries. Regarding the Dark Triad traits, a relationship between Machiavellianism and corruption was identified in Brazil and the United Kingdom, although an interaction with punishment was identified only in Brazil. Moreover, psychopathy had no relationship with corruption or punishment in either country. A direct relationship was found only in Brazil on narcissism, although the interaction term was significant in both countries. In general, it was identified that perceived punishment and the dark triad traits contribute to the understanding of corruption, despite some differences in the results between Brazil and the United Kingdom.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto de la atmósfera, definida como el diseño consciente del ambiente de la tienda para crear ciertas respuestas en los compradores, en los valores de compra, la actitud hacia la compra y las emociones sobre la intención de recompra en una tienda online, basado en el modelo Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (S-O-R, por sus siglas en inglés). Aunque estos elementos han sido estudiados ampliamente en el contexto de tiendas físicas, artículos recientes que analizan la influencia de estos elementos en el ambiente online muestran la relevancia de estudios como este en investigaciones académicas actuales de mercadeo. Los resultados de una encuesta realizada a 306 usuarios de una tienda farmacéutica online, residentes de Venezuela y otros países de América Latina, se analizaron usando ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos permiten concluir que el uso del modelo S-O-R es apropiado en la predicción del comportamiento de compra online, y confirman que el valor de compra hedónico tiene un impacto directo significativo tanto en la actitud hacia las compras como en la compra emocional. Por otra parte, el valor de compra utilitario afecta negativamente la compra emocional y el factor informático favorece la actitud hacia las compras. Por último, la actitud hacia las compras y la compra emocional predicen la intención de recompra. Se discuten las implicaciones para los especialistas en marketing.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the online store atmosphere, shopping values, attitude toward online shopping and emotions on the repurchase intention in an online store, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response model (S-O-R). Although these elements have been studied in the context of brick-and-mortar stores, recent articles that analyze the influence of these elements in the online environment demonstrate the relevance of this study in current marketing research. The results of an online survey conducted with 306 users of an online pharmaceutical store, which included residents of Venezuela and of other Latin American countries, were analyzed using structural equations, evaluating both the measurement model and the relationship model. The findings allow us to conclude that the use of the S-O-R model is appropriate in predicting online purchase behavior, having achieved an adequate fit, and confirm that the hedonic purchase value has a significant direct impact on both the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase. On the other hand, the utilitarian purchase value negatively affects the emotional purchase and the computer factor favors the attitude toward online purchase. Finally, the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase predicts the repurchase intention. Implications for marketers are discussed.

ABSTRACT The activities carried out by the nursing professional produce them health problems, with stress being the first factor that will affect one's own rhythm, causing irritability and anxiety. Physical-sports practice has a positive effect on their physical and mental health because it produces the release of endorphins, which leads to a reduction in anxiety, depression and stress because any type of physical activity, whether low or high impact, releases these substances that act directly on the brain, producing a feeling of well-being and immediate relaxation. A research is presented with a non-experimental design, from the quantitative approach of a cross-sectional comparative descriptive type. Its objective is to determine the relationships between physical activity and emotional regulation of a group of nurses from the Sur Hospital in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. The TMMS-24 Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. To determine the relationship between the variables, Spearman's Rho Correlation was used. The dimensions studied are attention, clarity and emotional repair by the dependent variable (Emotional Control) and the High, Medium and Low dimensions by the independent variable (Physical Activity). In the community where the signs and symptoms of nervousness, agitation or tension associated with situations of anxiety and stress were observed, direct correlations were established between the intensity of physical activity and the emotional control of the subjects studied, that is, at a lower intensity of physical activity, less control and emotional regulation.

RESUMO As atividades realizadas pelo profissional de enfermagem causam-lhe problemas de saúde, sendo o estresse o primeiro fator que afetará seu próprio ritmo, causando irritabilidade e ansiedade. A prática físico-esportiva tem um efeito positivo sobre sua saúde física e mental, pois produz uma liberação de endorfinas, o que leva a uma redução da ansiedade, da depressão e do estresse, pois qualquer tipo de atividade física, seja ela de baixo ou alto impacto, libera essas substâncias que atuam diretamente no cérebro, produzindo uma sensação de bem-estar e relaxamento imediato. A pesquisa é apresentada em um desenho não-experimental, a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, comparativa, transversal e de corte transversal. Seu objetivo é determinar a relação entre a atividade física e a regulação emocional em um grupo de enfermeiras do Hospital Sur em Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Foram aplicados o Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale TMMS-24 e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A Correlação Rho de Spearman foi usada para determinar a relação entre as variáveis. As dimensões estudadas são Atenção, Clareza e Reparação Emocional para a variável dependente (Controle Emocional) e as dimensões Alta, Média e Baixa para a variável independente (Atividade Física). Na comunidade onde foram observados os sinais e sintomas de nervosismo, agitação ou tensão associados a situações de ansiedade e estresse, foram estabelecidas correlações diretas entre a intensidade da atividade física e o controle emocional dos sujeitos investigados, ou seja, quanto menor a intensidade da atividade física, menor o controle e a regulação emocional.

RESUMEN Las actividades que realiza el profesional de la enfermería les producen quebranto en la salud, siendo el estrés el primer factor que va a afectar el ritmo propio, ocasionando irritabilidad y ansiedad. La práctica físico-deportiva tiene un efecto positivo sobre su salud física y mental debido a que produce liberación de endorfinas, lo que conlleva una reducción de la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés, ya que cualquier tipo de actividad física, ya sea de bajo o alto impacto, libera estas sustancias que actúan directamente sobre el cerebro, produciendo sensación de bienestar y relajación inmediata. Se presenta una investigación con un diseño no experimental, desde el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal. Tiene como objetivo: determinar las relaciones entre actividad física y regulación emocional de un grupo de enfermeras (o) s del Hospital Sur en Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Se aplicó la Escala para Evaluación de la Inteligencia Emocional TMMS-24 y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Para determinar la relación entre las variables se empleó la Correlación del Rho de Spearman. Las dimensiones estudiadas son la atención, claridad y reparación emocional por parte de la variable dependiente (Control emocional) y las dimensiones Alta, Media y Baja por la variable independiente (Actividad física). En la comunidad donde se observaron los signos y síntomas de nerviosismo, agitación o tensión asociados a situaciones de ansiedad y estrés, se establecen correlaciones directas entre la intensidad de la actividad física y el control emocional de los sujetos investigados, o sea, a menor intensidad de la actividad física menor control y regulación emocional.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la influencia del capital de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor en la decisión de compra de productos de consumo de alta rotación, en Ecuador. Estimando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales y un modelo de regresión logística, con una muestra de 120 estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos, se encontró que la notoriedad de la marca y fuerza de las asociaciones se relaciona positivamente con la calidad percibida, la calidad percibida influye en la lealtad actitudinal, y la lealtad influye en el capital de marca global. Además, una vez que se controla por precios referenciales, se demuestra que el capital de marca tiene un efecto positivo en la decisión de compra de los consumidores. La principal implicación para los administradores de marcas es que los esfuerzos e inversiones hacia acciones que mejoren las dimensiones del capital de marca, con énfasis en la lealtad, es un mecanismo relevante para incrementar las ventas y generar mayor valor financiero de la marca.

Abstract This work analyses the influence of consumer-based brand equity on the purchase decision of fast-moving consumer goods in Ecuador. By estimating a partial least squares structural equation model and a logit model on a sample of 120 Ecuadorian university students, it was found that brand awareness with a strength of association is positively related to perceived quality, perceived quality influences attitudinal loyalty, and loyalty influences overall brand equity. In addition, after controlling for reference prices, overall brand equity has a direct positive effect on consumers' purchase decisions. For brand managers, the main implication of these findings is that investments to improve the dimensions of brand equity, with an emphasis on loyalty, is a relevant mechanism to increase sales and generate greater brand value.

ABSTRACT Achieving the optimal energy balance in hydroponic greenhouses is a critical challenge in modern agriculture. This involves managing energy resources to create an environment conducive to robust crop growth. Researchers are exploring advanced thermal models and innovative technologies to enhance energy efficiency and establish a harmonious equilibrium in these controlled environments. Various studies have addressed the optimization of energy consumption in hydroponic greenhouses, with a focus on the greenhouse covering materials and real-time energy monitoring. This study aims to enhance the conventional model by optimizing the form and cover material of the greenhouse and considering new heat gain and loss parameters, including the direct and indirect lighting effect. This study demonstrates that the emitted light and energy consumption of the lighting system directly influence the energy balance. This innovative approach refines the understanding of the interplay between lighting systems and energy consumption, leading to more efficient and sustainable hydroponic greenhouse practices. Collectively, the contributions of esteemed researchers have significantly enriched the understanding of energy consumption dynamics in hydroponic greenhouse environments, setting new standards for energy efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in hydroponic agriculture. agriculture growth environments realtime real time monitoring parameters effect practices Collectively sustainability

RESUMO Conseguir um equilíbrio energético ótimo em estufas hidropônicas é um desafio crítico na agricultura moderna. Isto implica a gestão dos recursos energéticos para criar um ambiente propício a um crescimento robusto das culturas. Os pesquisadores estão a explorar modelos térmicos avançados e tecnologias inovadoras para melhorar a eficiência energética e estabelecer um equilíbrio harmonioso nestes ambientes controlados. Vários estudos abordaram a otimização do consumo de energia em estufas hidropônicas, com destaque para os materiais de cobertura das estufas e a monitorização da energia em tempo real. Este estudo visa melhorar o modelo convencional, otimizando a forma e o material de cobertura da estufa e considerando novos parâmetros de ganho e perda de calor, incluindo o efeito da iluminação direta e indireta. Este estudo demonstra que a luz emitida e o consumo de energia do sistema de iluminação influenciam diretamente o balanço energético. Esta abordagem inovadora melhora a compreensão da interação entre os sistemas de iluminação e o consumo de energia, conduzindo a práticas de estufa hidropônica mais eficientes e sustentáveis. Coletivamente, as contribuições de pesquisadores conceituados enriqueceram significativamente a compreensão da dinâmica do consumo de energia em ambientes de estufa hidropônica, estabelecendo novos padrões de eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e produtividade na agricultura hidropônica. moderna culturas controlados real convencional calor indireta sustentáveis Coletivamente

Abstract: This paper shows an analysis of the overvoltages caused by atmospheric impulses in transmission systems with discontinuities, overhead transmission lines, and insulated cables using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) software. The analysis is performed considering direct lightning impact on the guard cable or transmission tower and the direct impact on the phase conductor, when shielding failure occurs. In order to determine voltages at the ends of the insulated cable and analyze its potential affectation, a test transmission system has been implemented, and Base Case has been defined; this case is formed by six transmission towers and insulated cable protected in both sides by surge arresters. The effect of varying parameters that affect the magnitude of the voltages at both the input and the output of the insulated cable is analyzed in order to determine the most critical situation that can influence the maximum overvoltage values in the insulated cable. The results confirm the effect that the discontinuities between two components of an electrical system have on the voltage magnitudes that may occur in a system due to atmospheric discharges.

Resumen: El artículo muestra un análisis de los sobrevoltajes ocasionados por impulsos atmosféricos en sistemas de transmisión con discontinuidades, esto es, líneas de transmisión aéreas que se conectan a cables aislados, las simulaciones se hacen mediante el uso del software Alternative Transients Program (ATP). El análisis se realiza considerando descargas atmosféricas directas en el cable de guarda o torre de transmisión, y cuando ocurre una falla del apantallamiento de la línea, esto es un impacto directo del rayo en el conductor de fase. Para la determinación de los voltajes en los extremos del cable aislado y analizar su potencial afectación, se ha implementado un sistema de transmisión de prueba en el cual se ha definido un Caso Base, que está compuesto por seis torres de transmisión y un cable aislado protegido en ambos extremos por dispositivos descargadores de sobretensión, DPS. Se analiza el efecto de variar algunos parámetros que inciden en la magnitud de los voltajes tanto al ingreso del cable aislado como a la salida, con el fin de determinar la situación más crítica que puede influir en los valores máximos de sobrevoltaje en el cable aislado. Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar el efecto que tienen las discontinuidades presentes entre dos componentes de un sistema eléctrico en las magnitudes de voltaje que puedan producirse en un sistema debido a descargas atmosféricas.

Resumen Las fracturas vertebrales por compresión se encuentran entre las más frecuentes en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre las mismas realizados de manera directa sobre el material esquelético. A partir de esto es que nos propusimos como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de estas fracturas en una población contemporánea a través del análisis osteológico. Fueron observados 39 esqueletos de la Colección Lambre (Argentina), con una media de edad de 56,1 años. Se relevaron macroscópicamente las vértebras en búsqueda de modificaciones de la altura del cuerpo, para luego realizar una aproximación morfométrica semicuantitativa. Estos resultados se relacionaron con la calidad ósea de los individuos estimada a partir de radiografías de calcáneo y fémur. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron cuatro individuos con fracturas vertebrales (10,25% de la muestra), correspondiendo dos al sexo masculino (11,1%) y dos al sexo femenino (9,52%), con una media de edad de muerte de 68,5 años. Las ocho vértebras fracturadas corresponden al segmento torácico inferior y lumbar superior, al tiempo que no se observó una relación directa entre las fracturas y la calidad ósea de los individuos. La prevalencia estimada podría estar afectada por sesgos muestrales y por el efecto de medicamentos resortivos. La baja expresión dimórfica del rasgo se relacionaría con la actividad laboral de los individuos masculinos de la población, a la vez que se corrobora que la calidad ósea no es el único determinante de una fractura vertebral osteoporótica. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 070, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e070

Abstract Vertebral compression fractures are one of the most frequent types of fractures in postmenopausal women. However, there are few studies on these fractures carried out directly on osteological material. Therefore, the objective of this article is to determine the prevalence of these fractures in a contemporary population through an osteological analysis. For this purpose, 39 skeletons belonging to the Lambre Collection (Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata) were analyzed. The mean age was 56.1 years. For the diagnosis of fractures, the vertebrae were macroscopically inspected in search of changes in body height, and then a semiquantitative morphometric approximation was carried out. These results were related to the bone quality of the individuals estimated from X-rays of the calcaneus and femur. The results obtained from the morphometric analysis revealed four individuals with vertebral fractures, which comprised 10.25% of the sample. Two of the observed cases corresponded to males (11.1%), and the remaining two to females (9.52%), with a mean age at death of 68.5 years. The eight fractured vertebrae found correspond to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segment, while no direct relationship was observed between the fractures and the bone quality of the affected individuals. The estimated prevalence could be affected by sample bias and the effect of resorptive drugs. The low dimorphic expression of the trait might be related to the physical activity performed by the male individuals in the population, while corroborating that bone quality is not the only determinant of an osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 070, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e070

ABSTRACT The research work presents the conclusions of the analysis of the use of electrical energy as a resource in businesses classified as micro and small that are located in the city of San Lorenzo and registered in the same municipality. The general objective was established to “Analyze the effectiveness of electricity consumption in MSMEs in San Lorenzo and its relationship with the Green Economy in 2023”, research related to Sustainable Development Goal No. 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth that promotes inclusive and sustained economic growth as a strategy to drive progress, create decent jobs for all and improve living standards. This research had a qualitative-quantitative approach. The main results obtained were the following, 62% of the MSMEs in the city of San Lorenzo present some criterion of effectiveness in relation to the use of electrical energy, 78% of the MSMEs affirm that the quality of the supply in the electrical service It is poor and not safe. 86% of microentrepreneurs responded that electricity consumption is part of the cost of their products or services, 71% affirm that the rate for electricity consumption can be improved for the benefit of MSMEs. 65% maintain that the use of electrical energy has a direct effect on their costs and 91% of MSMEs affirm that they can use electrical energy more efficiently and rationally.

RESUMEN El trabajo de investigación presenta las conclusiones del análisis del aprovechamiento en la utilización de la energía eléctrica como recurso en los negocios tipificados como micro y pequeños que se encuentran situados en la ciudad de San Lorenzo y catastrados en el mismo municipio. Se estableció como objetivo general “Analizar la efectividad del consumo de energía eléctrica en las mipymes de San Lorenzo y su relación con la Economía verde en el año 2023”, investigación relacionada a el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sustentable N° 8 Trabajo Decente y Crecimiento Económico que promueve un crecimiento económico inclusivo y sostenido como estrategia para impulsar el progreso, crear empleos decentes para todos y mejorar los estándares de vida. Esta investigación fue de enfoque cuali-cuantitativo. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes, el 62% de las mipymes de la ciudad de San Lorenzo presentan algún criterio de efectividad en relación a la utilización de energía eléctrica, el 78% de las mipymes afirman que la calidad del suministro en el servicio eléctrico es deficiente y no seguro. El 86% de los microemprendedores respondieron que el consumo de energía eléctrica forma parte del costo de sus productos o servicios, el 71% afirma que la tarifa por el consumo de energía eléctrica puede ser mejorada en provecho de las mipymes. Un 65% sostiene que la utilización de la energía eléctrica tiene un efecto directo en sus costos y un 91% de las mi pymes afirman que pueden utilizar en forma más eficiente y racional la energía eléctrica.

Abstract Introduction. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for the photosynthesis process, and therefore, a determining factor in yield. The use of optical sensors to determine transmittance indices (SPAD, CCI), reflectance (NDVI) and fluorescence (Fv.Fm -1) related to the state of foliar N, allows adequate management based on non-destructive "in situ" monitoring. Objective. To evaluate the effect of different fertigation management strategies on nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in the leaf; and the relationship between i- N and Cl concentration in leaf, ii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with yield and iii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices. Materials and methods. Six treatments were evaluated in an unrestricted randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, which combined 2 irrigation strategies (E1: low volume and more frequent and E2: high volume and less frequent) and 3 levels of nutrition: low (NB), medium (NM) and high (NA). The direct measurements of N and Cl in the leaf were determined with the Kjeldahl method and by ethanol extraction, respectively. Results. Nutrition level affected N content, where the NM and NA treatments were similar, although higher than NB. The regression model showed little ability to estimate N and yield from the Cl content in the leaf. Estimation of Cl in the leaf from the CCI (R2: 0.71) and SPAD (R2: 0.75) indices were only promising in NB. To estimate foliar N, the regression with Fv.Fm -1 showed R2 values of 0.89 in NB and 0.69 in NM; while for NDVI the R2 values were 0.61 in NB and 0.47 in NM. Conclusion. SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices showed potential to estimate chlorophyll and N concentration in the leaf with low and medium nutrient inputs, and with limitations in treatments with high nutrient inputs.

Resumen Introducción. El nitrógeno (N) es un elemento esencial para el proceso de fotosíntesis, y por tanto, determinante en el rendimiento. El uso de sensores ópticos para determinar índices de transmitancia (SPAD, CCI), reflectancia (NDVI) y fluorescencia (Fv.Fm -1) relacionados con el estado del N foliar, permite un adecuado manejo a partir del monitoreo “in situ” no destructivo. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de diferentes estrategias de manejo del fertiriego sobre las concentraciones de nitrógeno y clorofila en hoja; y la relación entre i- concentración de N y de clorofila (Cl) en hoja, ii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con el rendimiento y iii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 6 tratamientos en un diseño irrestricto al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3, que combinaron 2 estrategias de riego (E1: bajo volumen y de mayor frecuencia y E2: alto volumen y menor frecuencia) y 3 niveles de nutrición: bajo (NB), medio (NM) y alto (NA). Las medidas directas de N y Cl en hoja se determinaron con el método Kjeldahl y por extracción con etanol, respectivamente. Resultados. El nivel de nutrición afectó el contenido de N, donde los tratamientos NM y NA fueron similares, aunque superiores a NB. El modelo de regresión mostró poca capacidad para estimar N y rendimiento a partir del contenido de Cl en hoja. La estimación de Cl en hoja a partir de los índices CCI (R2: 0,71) y SPAD (R2: 0,75) resultaron prometedores solamente en NB. Para estimar N foliar, la regresión con Fv.Fm -1 mostró valores de R2 de 0,89 en NB y 0,69 en NM; mientras que para NDVI los valores R2 fueron 0,61 en NB y 0,47 en NM. Conclusión. Los índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1 presentaron potencial para estimar la concentración de clorofila y de N en hoja con aportes bajo y medio de nutrientes, y con limitaciones en los tratamientos con altos aportes de nutrición.

Abstract The main objective of the research was to study the relation between the level of attitude towards mathematics and the attitude towards mathematical problem-solving in the students of two Costa Rican official day schools (whose names are omitted for reasons of confidentiality) enrolled in 2022 by analyzing the existence of differences by sex, by level of study, and by school. The research is of a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory type. The sample consisted of 528 students, and the sampling design was simple random stratification according to school and educational levels. The statistical techniques applied were Student’s t-test and one-factor ANOVA for the study of the research hypotheses. The results indicate that 65.9% of students have a positive attitude towards mathematics and 80.1% have a positive attitude towards mathematical problem-solving, and that there are differences between men and women in both variables, showing the first higher levels with a low effect size but no differences by school. In addition, there were differences between the seventh-grade students with respect to the ninth and tenth-grade students in the variable attitude towards mathematics but not in the attitude towards mathematical problem-solving. Finally, a positive, significant, and direct relationship was found between these variables.

Resumen El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue estudiar la relación entre el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática y de actitud hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos en el estudiantado de dos colegios oficiales diurnos costarricenses (cuyos nombres se omiten por razones de confidencialidad) matriculado en 2022; se analizaron las diferencias por sexo, por nivel de estudio y por colegio. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa descriptiva-exploratoria. La muestra estuvo integrada por 528 estudiantes y el diseño muestral fue simple aleatorio estratificado según el colegio y los niveles educativos. Las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas fueron la t de Student y ANOVA de un factor para el estudio de las hipótesis de la investigación. Como resultado, el 65.9% del estudiantado presenta una actitud positiva hacia la matemática y 80.1% una actitud positiva hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Se determina que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en ambas variables, los primeros mostraron niveles superiores con tamaño del efecto bajo, mas no diferencias por colegio. Asimismo, se detectaron diferencias entre el estudiantado de sétimo con respecto a los de noveno y décimo en la variable actitud hacia la matemática, pero no en cuanto a la actitud hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Finalmente, se encontró una relación positiva, significativa y directa entre estas variables.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the nutritional content and chlorophyll index (CCI) of six tree forages, for which CCI, protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur were analyzed at 30, 45, and 65 days. A completely randomized block design in divided plots with six replications was used. Results were compared with a 5% Tukey test, correlations (Pearson) and linear regressions were performed to determine the effect of ICC on nutrients. The contents of ICC, protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur showed statistical differences (p < 0.05) for the factors forage shrubs, cutting intervals, and intercropping. Leucaena presented higher contents of ICC in all intervals. Protein results were higher in Gliricidia (30 days), Leucaena (45 days), and Moringa (60 days). For phosphorus, the best values were obtained in Morus (30 days) and Moringa (30, 45, and 60 days). Tithonia reached higher potassium and calcium concentrations in the three cutting intervals, as well as for magnesium (30 days). The ICC determined with direct reading meters allowed correlation with protein content and leaf tissue nutrients P, K, Ca, Mg, S.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el contenido nutricional e índice de clorofila (ICC) de seis forrajes arbóreos, para ello se analizó el ICC, proteína, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio y azufre a 30, 45 y 65 días. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar en parcelas divididas con seis repeticiones. Los resultados se compararon con un test de Tukey al 5 %, se realizaron correlaciones (Pearson) y regresiones lineales para determinar el efecto del ICC con los nutrientes. Los contenidos de ICC, proteína, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio y azufre presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,05) para los factores arbustos forrajeros e intervalos de corte, y su interacción. Leucaena presentó mayores contenidos de ICC en todos los intervalos. Los resultados de proteína fueron mayores en Gliricidia (30 días), Leucaena (45 días) y Moringa (60 días). Para fósforo los mejores valores se obtuvieron en Morus (30 días) y Moringa (30, 45 y 60 días). Tithonia alcanzó mayor concentración de potasio y calcio en los tres intervalos de corte, así como para magnesio (30 días). El ICC determinado con medidores de lectura directa permitió correlacionarse con el contenido de proteína y los nutrientes del tejido foliar P, K, Ca, Mg, S.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA. METHODS. Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program. RESULTS. There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.

Resumo A alimentação e ritmos circadianos são influenciados por comportamentos que terão impacto na saúde do adolescente. A dependência alimentar (DA) está relacionada com a fraca regulação emocional e impulsividade. No entanto, a evidência ainda é escassa em relação à forma como esta tem impacto no sono. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é explorar se a DA prediz a insónia nos adolescentes e se o autocontrolo (funcional e disfuncional) medeia esta relação. A amostra foi constituída por 1566 jovens a frequentar escolas da ilha da Madeira, com idades entre os 12 e os 19 anos (M =14,79; DP = 1,89) que preencheram um questionário online que incluía uma recolha de dados sociodemográficos, seguida da versão portuguesa da Yale Food Addiction Scale (P-YFAS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) e Escala Breve de Autocontrolo (EBAC). Realizou-se um modelo de mediação paralela tendo como covariáveis o sexo e a idade. Existe um efeito direto positivo significativo da DA na insónia (β = 0,068; p = < 0,001) e um efeito indireto positivo da DA na insónia, mediado pela dimensão Autocontrolo Disfuncional (β = 0,224). Destaca-se a pertinência do desenvolvimento de intervenções focadas na impulsividade juvenil, fornecendo estratégias focadas na promoção do controlo de impulsos, higiene do sono (acautelando também comportamento alimentar compulsivo) e de tomada de decisões pró-saúde.

Abstract Eating habits and circadian rhythms are influenced by behaviours that impact adolescent health. Food addiction (FA) is linked to weak emotional regulation and impulsivity. However, evidence on its impact on sleep remains limited. Thus, this study aims to explore whether FA predicts insomnia in adolescents and whether self-control (both functional and dysfunctional) mediates this relationship. The sample consisted of 1566 young individuals attending schools in Madeira, aged between 12 and 19 years (M =14.79, SD = 1.89), who completed an online questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (P-YFAS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Brief Self-Control Scale (EBAC). A parallel mediation model was conducted, with gender and age as covariates. There is a significant positive direct effect of FA on insomnia (β =.068, p = <.001) and a positive indirect effect of FA on insomnia, mediated by the Dysfunctional Self-Control dimension (β = .224). The results highlight the relevance of developing interventions focused on youth impulsivity, providing strategies aimed at promoting impulse control, sleep hygiene (also addressing compulsive eating behaviour), and making pro-health decisions.

Abstract The germination of quinua improves the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamin E, antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, making this pseudocereal a nutritious and healthy source for the preparation of functional foods. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of the germination of quinua on the nutritional, biological and functional properties, in turn to be able to analyze the potential that this golden grain has in the food industry. For the systematic review, the databases (Scopus, Scielo and Science Direct) were used, following the PRISMA guideline and the PIO strategy (Population, Intervention, Outputs), which helped to formulate the search equations and to identify the most relevant articles of the last 5 years. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that the germination of quinua improves the nutritional properties and the content of secondary metabolites, also represents a potential source for the development of food products with functional and nutraceutical properties. A recent study confirms that after 4 days of germination the total phenolic content of various types of quinua ranges between 39.29 and 782.15 mg/100 g, indicating a powerful ability to eliminate free radicals, turning this pseudocereal into a raw material with the ability to be applied in the formulation of various food products such as bread, cookies, pizzas, beverages, yogurt, cheeses, etc.

Resumen La germinación de la quinua mejora el contenido de polifenoles, flavonoides, aminoácidos, fibra dietética, vitamina E, antioxidantes y otros compuestos bioactivos, convirtiendo a este pseudocereal en una fuente nutritiva y saludable para la elaboración de alimentos funcionales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la germinación de quinua sobre las propiedades nutricionales, biológicas y funcionales, a su vez poder analizar el potencial que tiene este grano de oro en la industria alimentaria. Para la revisión sistemática, se empleó las bases de datos (Scopus, Scielo y Science Direct), siguiendo la directriz PRISMA y la estrategia PIO (Población, Intervención, Outputs), los cuales ayudaron a formular las ecuaciones de búsqueda y a identificar los artículos más relevantes de los últimos 5 años. Los resultados del análisis bibliométrico, evidenciaron que la germinación de quinua mejora las propiedades nutricionales y el contenido de metabolitos secundarios, también representa una fuente potencial para el desarrollo de productos alimentarios con propiedades funcionales y nutraceúticas. Un estudio reciente confirmo que después de 4 días de germinación el contenido fenólico total de varios tipos de quinua oscila entre 39,29 y 782,15 mg/100 g, lo que indica una potente capacidad de eliminación de radicales libres, convirtiendo a este pseudocereal en una materia prima con capacidad de ser aplicada en la formulación de diversos productos alimentarios como panes, galletas, pizzas, bebidas, yogurt, quesos, etc.