Resumen Marco contextual: La pandemia de SARS- CoV-2 ha planteado numerosos retos a las madres de niños y jóvenes de hasta 18 años, debido a la gestión de las responsabilidades inherentes a su papel social. Objetivo: Comprender los significados y contextos de las experiencias de las madres portuguesas de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años, durante la situación de pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Participaron en el estudio 16 mujeres, madres de niños y jóvenes adolescentes de hasta 18 años. Resultados: Surgieron un total de nueve categorías - Sentimientos; Percepción de la salud; Cambios en el estado de salud; Experiencias notables; Significado de las experiencias; Dificultades sentidas durante la situación de pandemia; Dificultades sentidas en la educación; Dificultades sentidas como madre y esposa, e Impactos en la educación de los hijos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las madres entrevistadas consideraron que el periodo de la pandemia de COVID-19 fue una fase impactante en sus vidas, lo que dio lugar a una ambivalencia de sentimientos y diferentes contextos experienciales.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in managing the responsibilities associated with their social roles. Objective: To understand the meanings and contexts of the experiences of Portuguese mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, and retrospective study using Bardin’s content analysis. The sample consisted of 16 mothers of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Results: Nine categories emerged - Feelings; Perception of health; Changes in health status; Significant experiences; Meaning of experiences; Difficulties felt during the pandemic; Difficulties felt in education; Difficulties felt as a mother and wife; and Impact on children’s education. Conclusion: Most of the interviewed mothers considered the COVID-19 pandemic a significant period in their lives, giving rise to ambivalent feelings and distinct life contexts.

Resumo Enquadramento: A pandemia por COVID-19 trouxe inúmeros desafios às mães de crianças e jovens até aos 18 anos de idade, pela gestão de responsabilidades a que o seu papel social se encontra inerente. Objetivo: Compreender quais são os significados e os contextos das vivências de mães portuguesas de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade, no período de situação pandémica por COVID-19; Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo recorrendo à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram no estudo 16 mulheres, mães de crianças e jovens adolescentes até aos 18 anos de idade. Resultados: Emergiram um total de nove categorias, sendo elas - Sentimentos; Perceção de saúde; Alterações no estado de saúde; experiências marcantes; Significado das experiências; Dificuldades sentidas durante o período de situação pandémica; dificuldades sentidas na educação; dificuldades sentidas enquanto mãe e mulher e impactos na educação dos filhos. Conclusão: A maioria das mães entrevistadas considerou o período pandémico por COVID-19 como uma fase impactante nas suas vidas, originando ambivalência de sentimentos e contextos vivenciais distintos.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la implementación de un diseño instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada para estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile. (Metodología) Las personas participantes del estudio son noventa estudiantes de la asignatura de Cálculo Aplicado a los Negocios de una universidad chilena. El diseño metodológico, basado en las herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento e Instrucción Matemáticos, considera diversas configuraciones epistémicas en las situaciones-problemas sobre tangentes, el cálculo de derivadas a partir de reglas de derivación, aplicaciones de la derivada para el cálculo de máximos y mínimos y análisis de gráficas de funciones. Además, integra las TIC en las diversas tareas. (Resultados) Los resultados indican que la propuesta instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada supera algunas de las dificultades de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes, evidenciadas en diversas investigaciones. En particular, las dificultades del estudiantado de Ingeniería Comercial en torno a la concepción euclidiana de la recta tangente; la interpretación de la función “derivada” y su representación geométrica, la optimización de funciones económicas y la aplicación de la derivada a funciones marginales. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje es eficaz, en el sentido de que se consigue el aprendizaje del alumnado de una carrera de ingeniería específica mediante la incorporación, en la instrucción, de diferentes configuraciones epistémicas de la derivada interconectadas, sus diferentes campos de problemas y las aplicaciones contextuales en su profesión, junto al uso de recursos TIC.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da implementação de um desenho instrucional para o ensino da derivada para alunos de graduação em Engenharia de Negócios no Chile. (Metodologia) Os participantes do estudo são noventa alunos da disciplina de Cálculo Empresarial Aplicado de uma universidade chilena. O desenho metodológico, baseado nas ferramentas da Abordagem Ontossemiótica do Conhecimento e Instrução Matemática, considera diversas configurações epistêmicas nas situações-problemas sobre tangentes, cálculo de derivadas a partir de regras de derivadas, aplicações da derivada para o cálculo de máximos e mínimos e análise de gráficos de funções. Além disso, integra as TIC nas diversas tarefas. (Resultados) Os resultados indicam que a proposta instrucional para o ensino da derivada supera algumas das dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos, conforme evidenciado em várias pesquisa. Em particular, as dificuldades dos alunos de Engenharia de Negócios sobre a concepção euclidiana da reta tangente; sobre a interpretação da função “derivada” e sua representação geométrica, sobre a otimização de funções econômicas e a aplicação da derivada a funções marginais. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem é eficaz, no sentido de que a aprendizagem dos alunos em um curso de engenharia específico, é alcançada por meio da incorporação, na instrução, de diferentes configurações epistêmicas da derivada interconectadas, dos diferentes campos de problemas e das aplicações contextuais em sua profissão, juntamente ao uso de recursos de TIC.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this article is to present the results of the implementation of an instructional design for the teaching of the derivative for undergraduate students of Business Engineering in Chile. (Methodology) The participants in the study were ninety students of Applied Business Calculus at a Chilean university. The methodological design, based on the tools of the Ontosemiotic Approach to Mathematical Cognition and Instruction, consider various epistemic configurations in situations-problems concerning tangents, the calculation of derivatives from the rules for derivation, applications of the derivative for the calculation of maxima and minima, and analysis of graphs of functions. In addition, it integrates ICT into various activities. (Results) The results indicate that the instructional proposal for teaching the derivative overcomes some of students’ learning difficulties, as shown in various research studies. In particular, these include the difficulties that Business Engineering students have with the Euclidean conception of the tangent line, the interpretation of the derivative function and its geometric representation, the optimization of economic functions, and the application of the derivative to marginal functions. (Conclusions) It is concluded that the teaching and learning process is effective, in the sense that student learning for a specific engineering career is achieved by instruction that incorporates different interconnected epistemic configurations of the derivative, its different fields of problems, and contextual applications in their profession, together with the use of ICT resources.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the contribution of the program "Sembrando Vida" in alleviating the poverty of male and female farmers using an Actor-Oriented Approach (AOA), to comprehend the program's impact on poverty reduction in Acayucan, Veracruz, Mexico. This analysis takes into consideration aspects such as employment, food self-sufficiency, the reconstruction of social fabric, forest recovery, the potential of territories, and overall well-being. Methodological design: This is an ethnographic study, using in-depth interviews and participant observation of ten farmers in the program over a period of seven months. The analysis of the information was carried out using NVivo software. Results: The program is partially fulfilling the objective to decrease poverty, because farmers still confront productive limitations, social vulnerability, higher investments, and technical-productive difficulties. Research limitations: The scope of the research only corresponds to the actors who participated in the research; therefore, the results cannot be generalized. Comparisons with more communities and with farmers not participating in the program would give a broader picture. Findings: This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of public interventions on development processes. The findings contribute to improving the implementation of the program and to developing future projects that consolidate the medium and long-term goals of the program.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la contribución del programa Sembrando Vida en el alivio de la pobreza de campesinas y campesinos desde un Enfoque Orientado al Actor (EOA), para comprender el impacto del programa en la disminución de la pobreza en Acayucan, Veracruz, México; considerando aspectos como: el empleo, la autosuficiencia alimentaria, la reconstrucción del tejido social, la recuperación forestal, el potencial de territorios y el bienestar. Diseño metodológico: esta investigación cualitativa es de carácter etnográfico, realizando entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante a diez agricultores del programa durante un periodo de siete meses. El análisis de la información se realizó a través del software NVivo. Resultados: el programa está cumpliendo parcialmente con su objetivo de combate a la pobreza, puesto que los campesinos aún enfrentan limitaciones productivas, vulnerabilidad social, mayores inversiones y dificultad técnico-productiva. Limitaciones de la investigación: los alcances de la investigación solo corresponden a los actores que participaron en ella, por lo tanto, los resultados no pueden generalizarse. Comparar con más comunidades y con campesinos no participantes del programa daría una visión más amplia. Hallazgos: se aporta una mayor comprensión del impacto de las intervenciones públicas en los procesos de desarrollo. Lo encontrado suma para la mejora del programa en su aplicación y en el desarrollo de futuros proyectos que consoliden las metas a mediano y largo plazo del programa.

Resumen Tras los atentados terroristas del 9/11, se han implementado reformas a las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos, lo que ha provocado deportaciones masivas de millones de mexicanos. En este artículo se busca identificar los riesgos y dificultades que particularmente enfrentan los expandilleros que han sido deportados a México tras llevar una conducta delictiva y vivir en las prisiones de Estados Unidos, y que actualmente buscan rehacer su vida en Guadalajara. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una serie de 35 encuestas, de las que se derivaron 31 casos que fueron objeto de estudio de este proyecto. El análisis de los resultados de las encuestas permitió comprender las principales dificultades que enfrentan los homies deportados para encontrar trabajo, reintegrarse a su familia y mantenerse alejados de las drogas y el alcohol.

ABSTRACT After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, reforms to U.S immigration laws have been implemented. This has resulted in massive deportations of millions of Mexicans. This article seeks to identify the risks and difficulties faced by former gang members deported to Mexico after engaging in criminal behavior and living in U.S prisons. And who are currently seeking to rebuild their lives in Guadalajara. For this purpose, a series of 35 surveys was carried out, from which 31 cases were derived that were the object of study of this project. The analysis of the survey results allowed to understand the main difficulties that deported homies face in finding work, reintegrating with their families, and staying away from drugs and alcohol.

RESUMEN Se entiende como calidad del trabajo intrínseco a variables como: el grado de autonomía, la variedad y complejidad de las tareas, el uso de habilidades y la posibilidad de desarrollo profesional en el trabajo. En tanto que, las perspectivas futuras abordan la percepción de los trabajadores sobre su futuro laboral, incluyendo aspectos como las oportunidades de progreso profesional, la seguridad en el empleo y la satisfacción laboral. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las variables asociadas a la calidad intrínseca del trabajo y las perspectivas futuras en relación con el estrés experimentado por los trabajadores autónomos en Ecuador. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo mediante regresión logística a datos de una muestra de 1055 trabajadores de la provincia de Manabí, utilizando la Encuesta Europea sobre Condiciones de Trabajo (EWCS) 2015. Se encontró que una evaluación positiva del trabajo propio está asociada con mayor estrés, mientras resolver problemas imprevistos personalmente se relaciona con menos estrés. Además, realizar tareas complejas y ofrecer formación pagada externa o en el lugar de trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de estrés. Por otro lado, menor satisfacción en el trabajo, disfrutar ser el propio jefe, dificultades para manejar el negocio, facilidad para encontrar nuevos clientes y la percepción de que el trabajo afecta la salud también están vinculados con mayor estrés. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de gestionar el trabajo y el entorno laboral para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores autónomos.

ABSTRACT Intrinsic job quality is understood in terms of variables such as: the degree of autonomy, the variety and complexity of tasks, the use of skills, and the possibility of professional development at work. Meanwhile, future prospects address workers' perceptions of their career future, including aspects such as opportunities for professional advancement, job security, and job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the importance of variables associated with intrinsic job quality and future prospects in relation to the stress experienced by self-employed workers in Ecuador. A quantitative approach was applied using logistic regression to data from a sample of 1055 workers in the province of Manabí, utilizing the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). It was found that a positive assessment of one's own work is associated with higher stress, while personally resolving unforeseen problems is related to lower stress. Additionally, performing complex tasks and providing paid external or on-the-job training increases the likelihood of stress. On the other hand, lower job satisfaction, enjoying being one's own boss, difficulties in managing the business, ease in finding new clients, and the perception that work affects health are also linked to higher stress. These findings underscore the importance of managing work and the work environment to improve the well-being of self-employed workers.

Abstract The importance of humanitarian social intervention in situations of vulnerability in Ecuador is a topic that is extremely important to discuss since human solidarity is derived from it to help people who are going through some type of crisis, the objective of this article. It is to publicize the help that is provided to people or groups who are going through extreme problems and difficulties. The purpose of carrying out research focused on humanitarian social intervention in vulnerable environments in Ecuador is to offer information and knowledge through a bibliographic analysis. This will allow professionals and organizations involved in social intervention to design and apply effective strategies to address the needs of vulnerable people. Research can be key to identifying the underlying causes of vulnerability, evaluating the effectiveness of current interventions and proposing new solutions to improve the quality of life of those affected. This study seeks to determine the impact of humanitarian social interventions in vulnerable contexts in Ecuador and highlight their relevance. It is hoped that this analysis will not only inform current practices, but also inspire innovation and promote collaboration among diverse actors involved in caring for vulnerable populations.

Resumen La importancia de la intervención social humanitaria en situaciones de vulnerabilidad en Ecuador es un tema del cual se de suma importancia discutir ya que de este se deriva la solidaridad humana en ayuda de las personas que están atravesando algún tipo de crisis, el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la ayuda que se brinda a las personas o grupos que están pasando por problemas y dificultades extremas. El propósito de llevar a cabo una investigación centrada en la intervención social humanitaria en entornos vulnerables en Ecuador es ofrecer información y conocimientos a través de un análisis bibliográfico. Esto permitirá a los profesionales y organizaciones implicadas en la intervención social diseñar y aplicar estrategias efectivas para atender las necesidades de las personas vulnerables. La investigación puede ser clave para identificar las causas subyacentes de la vulnerabilidad, evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones actuales y proponer nuevas soluciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de los afectados. Este estudio busca determinar el impacto de las intervenciones sociales humanitarias en contextos vulnerables en Ecuador y destacar su relevancia. Se espera que este análisis no solo informe las prácticas actuales, sino que también inspire la innovación y promueva la colaboración entre diversos actores involucrados en la atención a poblaciones vulnerables.

ABSTRACT The context of the pandemic has evidenced difficulties in physical and mental health, where emotions such as anguish, anxiety, fear, and irritability have emerged. Based on this scenario, it is considered important to analyze the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout, since abrupt changes in family dynamics have been evidenced, which represented an important and dizzying adaptation challenge. Due to the lack of studies with qualitative approaches that describe the experiences in this area, the aim of the study is to describe the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Biobío Region, Chile. A qualitative methodology is used, oriented from a phenomenological design. The participants were three Chilean mothers and three fathers, between 20 and 50 years old. The semi-structured interview is used to collect the information and the thematic content analysis for the construction of categories. The results show that fathers and mothers perceive exhaustion associated with a mismatch between the demands related to raising children, including expectations of themselves and their responsibilities, and the availability of resources to meet those demands and expectations. A parental experience based on maladaptive feelings such as overwhelm and adaptive feelings such as parental closeness is concluded, as well as a most intimate character in family, social, and leisure activities.

RESUMEN El contexto de pandemia ha evidenciado dificultades en la salud física y mental, donde han emergido emociones como la angustia, ansiedad, miedo e irritabilidad. A partir de este escenario, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental, ya que se han evidenciado cambios abruptos en la dinámica familiar que representaron un importante y vertiginoso desafío de adaptación. Debido a que se carece de estudios con aproximaciones cualitativas que describan las experiencias en este ámbito, el objetivo del estudio es describir la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 en la región del Biobío, Chile. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron tres madres y tres padres chilenos, entre 20 y 50 años. Se utiliza la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar la información y el análisis de contenido temático para la construcción de categorías. Los resultados muestran que los padres y madres perciben un agotamiento asociado a un desajuste entre las demandas relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos, incluidas las expectativas de sí mismos y sus responsabilidades, y la disponibilidad de recursos para satisfacer esas demandas y expectativas. Se concluye una experiencia parental basada en sentimientos desadaptativos como el agobio y adaptativos como la cercanía parental, además de un carácter mayoritariamente íntimo en las actividades familiares, sociales y de ocio.

Abstract The objective of the article is to present a discussion about the methodological difficulties faced in carrying out research on the identification of criminal suspects in Brazil - a practice known as “founded suspicion”, provided for in art. 244 of the Criminal Procedure Code - especially studies aimed at understanding such identification as racially discriminatory. Comparing how this debate emerged in the United States, we question the reasons why this topic faced impasses in forming a research agenda in the country, in addition to pointing out the strategies used by Brazilian researchers to address such issues. Aiming to overcome these shortcomings, in the article we propose new possibilities for using methodologies to carry out these studies, deepening the analysis of how other actors in the criminal justice system - in addition to the police - also reproduce a discriminatory standard narrative about these cases. founded suspicion, suspicion , suspicion” art 24 States country issues shortcomings cases 2

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma discussão sobre as dificuldades metodológicas enfrentadas para se realizar pesquisas sobre a identificação de suspeitos criminais no Brasil - prática conhecida como “fundada suspeita”, prevista no art. 244 do CPP - em especial aquelas voltadas a compreendê-la como racialmente discriminatória. Fazendo uma comparação em como esse debate surgiu nos Estados Unidos, questionamos os motivos pelos quais esse tema enfrentou impasses para formar uma agenda de pesquisa no país, além de apontar as estratégias utilizadas por pesquisadores brasileiros para abordar tais assuntos. Visando superar esses impasses, propomos no artigo novas possibilidades de utilização de metodologias para realização das pesquisas, voltadas a aprofundar a análise sobre como outros atores do sistema de justiça criminal - além da polícia - também reproduzem uma narrativa-padrão e discriminatória sobre esses casos. fundada suspeita, suspeita , suspeita” art 24 compreendêla compreendê la Unidos país assuntos narrativapadrão narrativa padrão casos 2

Abstract The purpose of this text is to carry out as analysis of the decisions issued in the second instance involving family members of prisoners, focusing on the Courts of Justice of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Decisions published between 1998 and 2021 were collected in the three locations, forming a database, that was scrutinized in a quantitative perspective. Based on this, it was possible to notice that the judicial processes have two main focuses: requests related to the excess term of provisional detention and requests related to difficulties in visiting prisons. In the first point, the importance of families in the persecution of the rights of the inmates is clear. The decisions of the three courts on the matter differ substantially, and the claim is only effective in many cases in Rio de Janeiro. On the second point, there is an indication of how imprisonment goes beyond the person of the prisoner to reach their loved ones. In these cases, the decisions of the three courts have contributed to the transformation of family members of prisoners, especially women, into criminals, authorizing the constant surveillance of their bodies, in addition to the denial or hardening to maintain the bonds of affection between these and their prisoners. prisoners Gerais Janeiro 199 202 locations database perspective focuses prisons point clear substantially ones women criminals bodies 19 20 1 2

Resumo A proposta deste texto é analisar as decisões proferidas em segunda instância que envolvem familiares de presos, com foco nos Tribunais de Justiça de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Foram coletados acórdãos publicados entre 1998 e 2021 nas três localidades, formando uma base de dados, escrutinada posteriormente numa perspectiva quantitativa. Foi possível notar que os processos judiciais têm dois focos principais: pedidos relacionados ao excesso de prazo da prisão provisória e pedidos relacionados às dificuldades na visitação em unidades prisionais. No primeiro ponto, fica clara a importância das famílias na busca de concretização dos direitos dos custodiados. As decisões dos três tribunais sobre a questão divergem substantivamente, sendo que o pleito só se efetiva em muitos casos no Rio de Janeiro. Já sobre o segundo ponto, tem-se um indicativo de como o aprisionamento ultrapassa a pessoa do preso para atingir seus entes queridos. Nesses casos, as decisões das três corte têm contribuído para a transformação, sobretudo, de familiares de presos, em especial mulheres, em criminosas, autorizando a vigilância constante de seus corpos, e dificultado a manutenção dos vínculos de afeto entre essas e seus entes presos. presos Gerais Janeiro 199 202 localidades dados quantitativa principais prisionais ponto custodiados substantivamente temse tem queridos transformação sobretudo mulheres criminosas corpos 19 20 1 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: A quality education for university students of medical sciences is part of the policy established by the Cuban State for Higher Education. Correspondingly, a research project is being developed aimed at raising the quality in the training process of the students of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey; For this reason, the objective of this text is to present the results of the process of characterization of the assumed problematic situation, taking into account the linguistic and technological dimensions, based on the application of research instruments during the initial diagnosis stage to professionals and students who make up the sample. Method: The research is classified as R&D, of a causal explanatory observational nature, which produces systems of actions to raise the quality of the training of future professionals at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey and is developed between January 2023 and December 2024. The non-probabilistic sampling by quota is made up of students from different faculties, teachers, professionals and non-teaching workers. Results: Insufficiencies were found in the development of computer skills to complement their studies through the search for information in virtual learning environments, to which are added the difficulties that the students in the sample present in expressing themselves and understanding texts, using the use of English for professional purposes. Discussion: The results were compared with those of con scholars who, at a national and global level, have investigated the topic of achieving quality in training processes at the university, and with this the usefulness of the study was corroborated.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una educación de calidad para los estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias médicas es parte de la política establecida por el Estado cubano para el nivel superior. En correspondencia se desarrolla un proyecto de investigación dirigido a la elevación de la calidad en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey; por ello el presente texto tiene como objetivo exponer los resultados del proceso de caracterización de la situación problémica asumida, atendiendo a las dimensiones lingüística y tecnológica, a partir de la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación durante la etapa del diagnóstico inicial a profesionales y estudiantes que conforman la muestra. Método: La investigación clasifica como I+D, de carácter observacional explicativo causal, que produce sistemas de acciones para elevar la calidad de la formación del futuro profesional de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y se desarrolla entre enero de 2023 y diciembre de 2024. El muestreo no probabilístico por cuota está constituido por estudiantes de las diferentes facultades, docentes, profesionales y trabajadores no docentes. Resultados: Se constataron insuficiencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades informáticas para complementar sus estudios mediante la búsqueda de información en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, a lo que se suman las dificultades que presentan los alumnos dela muestra para expresarse y comprender textos, valiéndose del empleo del inglés con fines profesionales. Discusión: Se confrontaron los resultados con los de otros estudiosos que, a nivel nacional y mundial, han investigado sobre la temática acerca del logro de la calidad en los procesos de formación en la universidad y con ello se corroboró la utilidad del estudio.

ABSTRACT This qualitative study analyzes the metaphors used by teachers and directors of Peruvian schools, their relationship with school management in order to understand their reality, and serve as basis for future studies that propose improvement actions to strengthen their culture. For this, a survey was applied to 100 teachers from the different regions of Peru, obtaining that their management is recognized, mainly, under a political perspective, where it is indicated that it involves the generation of resistance, conflict resolution, empowerment and focus. of human development. Likewise, various metaphorical patterns were recognized that are capable of reflecting the particularities of each school culture, and the most identified metaphorical orientation is empowerment. Finally, the metaphors demonstrated that when they are used as an object of analysis, they allow the recognition of interests, needs, difficulties, conflicts and others that contribute to decision-making in favor of the achievement of the school's objectives.

RESUMEN El presente estudio de carácter cualitativo analiza las metáforas empleadas por los docentes y directivos de escuelas peruanas, su relación con la gestión escolar para comprender su realidad y servir de base a futuros estudios que propongan acciones de mejora para el fortalecimiento de su cultura. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a 100 docentes de las diferentes regiones del Perú, obteniendo que la gestión es reconocida, principalmente, bajo su perspectiva política; en donde se señala que esta involucra la generación de resistencias, resolución de conflictos, empoderamiento y enfoque de desarrollo humano. Se reconocieron diversos patrones metafóricos que son capaces de reflejar las particularidades de cada cultura escolar, mientras que la orientación metafórica más identificada es el empoderamiento. Por último, las metáforas demostraron que cuando estas son empleadas como objeto de análisis permiten reconocer intereses, necesidades, dificultades, conflictos y demás que contribuyen en la toma de decisiones en pro del alcance de los objetivos de la escuela.

Abstract Objective: To examine the mental health status and related factors in children and adolescents, and to assess age groups and sexes differences in factors influencing mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Chinese children aged 6-18 years from November 2021 to January 2022. Mental health difficulties were accessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with mental health status. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of mental health difficulties was 12.98% (n =1348). Age (OR, 0.909, [95%CI, 0.830-0.996]), sex (OR, 1.424, [95%CI, 1.033-1.963]) and screen time on weekdays (“≥2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 2.001, [95%CI, 1.300-3.080]) were related factors for mental health difficulties. For children (year ≤ 12), the strongest related factor for mental health difficulties was screen time on weekdays (“≥ 2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 1.821 [95%CI, 1.203-2.755]). The risk of mental health difficulties in females with ≥ 2 h/d screen time on weekends was 3.420 times higher than those with < 1 h/d (OR, 3.420, [95%CI, 1.923-6.081]). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among children and adolescents was relatively high. The lower age, female sex and excessive screen time were associated with a higher risk of mental health difficulties. The factors influencing mental health varied by different age groups and sexes. Thus, specific measures for different age groups and sexes should be adopted to mitigate the impact. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 618 6 18 6-1 202 2022 Questionnaire Results 1298 12 98 12.98 n =1348. 1348 =1348 . =1348) OR (OR 0909 0 909 0.909 95%CI, 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 0.8300.996, 08300996 0.830 0.996 , 830 996 0.830-0.996]) 1424 424 1.424 1.0331.963 10331963 1.033 1.963 033 963 1.033-1.963] ≥2 (“≥2 hd h d “ 2001 001 2.001 1.3003.080 13003080 1.300 3.080 300 3 080 1.300-3.080] year 12, 12) (“ 1821 821 1.82 1.2032.755. 12032755 1.203 2.755 203 755 1.203-2.755]) 3420 420 3.42 1.9236.081. 19236081 1.923 6.081 923 081 1.923-6.081]) Conclusion high Thus impact 61 6- 20 129 9 12.9 134 =134 090 90 0.90 95%CI 8300 0.8300.996 0830099 0830 0.83 0996 0.99 83 99 0.830-0.996] 142 42 1.42 0331 1.0331.96 1033196 1033 1.03 1963 1.96 03 96 1.033-1.963 200 00 2.00 3003 1.3003.08 1300308 1300 1.30 3080 3.08 30 08 1.300-3.080 ( 182 82 1.8 2032 1.2032.755 1203275 1203 1.20 2755 2.75 75 1.203-2.755] 342 3.4 9236 1.9236.081 1923608 1923 1.92 6081 6.08 92 1.923-6.081] 12. 13 =13 09 0.9 0.8300.99 083009 083 0.8 099 8 0.830-0.996 14 4 1.4 1.0331.9 103319 103 1.0 196 1.9 1.033-1.96 2.0 1.3003.0 130030 130 1.3 308 3.0 1.300-3.08 1. 1.2032.75 120327 120 1.2 275 2.7 7 1.203-2.755 34 3. 1.9236.08 192360 192 608 6.0 1.923-6.081 =1 0. 0.8300.9 08300 0.830-0.99 1.0331. 10331 10 19 1.033-1.9 2. 1.3003. 13003 1.300-3.0 1.2032.7 12032 27 1.203-2.75 1.9236.0 19236 60 6. 1.923-6.08 = 0.8300. 0.830-0.9 1.0331 1.033-1. 1.3003 1.300-3. 1.2032. 1.203-2.7 1.9236. 1.923-6.0 0.8300 0.830-0. 1.033-1 1.300-3 1.2032 1.203-2. 1.9236 1.923-6. 0.830-0 1.033- 1.300- 1.203-2 1.923-6 0.830- 1.203- 1.923-

RESUMO Travestis e mulheres transexuais têm suas vulnerabilidades aumentadas quando em situação de prisão, onde sofrem constantes violações de direitos básicos à vida. O estudo analisou a utilização e as formas de obtenção das tecnologias materiais de gênero dessa população no sistema penitenciário do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se uma pesquisa censitária com 138 entrevistadas, entre abril e junho de 2021. Os resultados revelaram percentuais elevados de jovens adultas, pretas, pardas e com baixa escolaridade. Apesar das dificuldades para a obtenção e a utilização dessas tecnologias, desvelou-se um cenário melhor quando comparado com outros estudos nacionais. prisão vida Janeiro Realizouse Realizou se 13 entrevistadas 2021 adultas pretas escolaridade desvelouse desvelou nacionais 1 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Travestis and transgender women have increased vulnerabilities when in prison, where they face constant violations of their basic rights to life. The study analyzed the use and ways of obtaining material gender technologies for this population in the prison system of Rio de Janeiro. A census survey was carried out with 138 interviewees, between April and June 2021. The results revealed high percentages of young adults, black, of mixed race, and with low education. Despite the difficulties in obtaining and using these technologies, a better scenario was revealed when compared with other national studies. life Janeiro 13 interviewees 2021 adults black race education studies 1 202 20 2

Abstract This work examines proposals for inclusive education and the notion of vulnerability from a perspective of positive peace, arguing that building a culture of peace begins in the educational sphere, specifically through inclusive education. The latter is grounded in principles of social justice and human rights; however, its full implementation is hindered by the exclusion of certain individuals whose full participation is not deemed legitimate. This is because their social position and assigned status marginalize them from full participation in social life. In the school context, some identities are relegated to positions of inferiority due to categories such as special educational needs or learning difficulties, reinforcing their ontological and political exclusion. This production of ignorance perpetuates inequality and hinders recognition and social justice. Thus, there is a need to overcome these barriers to advance towards genuine inclusive education that promotes peace and equality.

Resumen Este trabajo examina las propuestas de educación inclusiva y la noción de vulnerabilidad desde una perspectiva de paz positiva, argumentando que la construcción de una cultura de paz comienza en el ámbito educativo, en específico a través de la educación inclusiva. Esta última se fundamenta en principios de justicia social y derechos humanos, sin embargo, su implementación plena es obstaculizada por la exclusión de ciertos individuos cuya participación plena no es considerada legítima. Esto se debe a que su posición social y el estatus asignado los marginan de la participación plena en la vida social. En el contexto escolar, algunas identidades son relegadas a posiciones de inferioridad debido a categorías como necesidades educativas especiales o problemas de aprendizaje, lo que refuerza su exclusión ontológica y política. Esta producción de ignorancia perpetúa la desigualdad y dificulta el reconocimiento y la justicia social. Así, se plantea la necesidad de superar estas barreras para avanzar hacia una educación inclusiva genuina que promueva la paz y la igualdad.