ABSTRACT Creative industries tend to concentrate geographically, forming creative regions due to different factors. Soft factors seem to play a minor role at the European level, which have not been extensively studied. This paper examines this role and analyses whether regions with similar levels of other factors have higher concentrations of creative industries. A two-stage analysis is carried out. The first stage consists of a cluster analysis, to obtain groups of regions similar in other factors, and the second stage is the estimation of three econometric models that explain the concentration of creative industries by including a dummy variable for each group and soft factor variables. It is concluded that soft factors are relevant in explaining the concentration of creative industries by differentiating regions with similar levels in the remaining factors.

RESUMEN Las industrias creativas tienden a concentrarse geográficamente formando regiones creativas, proceso en que confluyen diferentes factores. Entre estos, los factores blandos parecen desempeñar un papel secundario en el ámbito europeo, por lo que no se han estudiado en profundidad. Este artículo aborda dicho papel, en particular si en las regiones con niveles similares de otros factores, los blandos permiten explicar las mayores concentraciones de industrias creativas. Con tal objetivo se lleva a cabo un análisis en dos etapas. La primera consiste en un análisis de clústeres, para obtener grupos de regiones similares en otros factores; y la segunda, en la estimación de tres modelos econométricos que explican la concentración de las industrias creativas mediante la inclusión de una variable ficticia para cada grupo, y variables de factores blandos. Las conclusiones muestran que los factores blandos son relevantes para explicar la concentración de industrias creativas, al diferenciar regiones con niveles similares en los otros factores.

Abstract: This research analyzes the labor market transitions of people aged 55 and older in Mexico, focusing on their transition from non-availability to full-time employment, part-time employment or availability, and differentiating between women and men. It estimates multi-state models that show the onset of active aging as reflected in the transition of women to part-time employment and men to full-time employment. One explanatory factor is that unpaid domestic work reduces women’s opportunities to transition to part-time employment.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza las transiciones laborales de la población de 55 años o más edad en México, centrándose en su paso desde la no disponibilidad hacia el empleo de tiempo completo, el empleo de tiempo parcial o la disponibilidad, y diferenciando entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello, se estiman modelos multiestado que muestran un envejecimiento activo incipiente, reflejado en la transición femenina al empleo de tiempo parcial y la transición masculina al empleo de tiempo completo. Un factor explicativo destaca que el trabajo doméstico no remunerado reduce las posibilidades de las mujeres de transitar al empleo de tiempo parcial.

Abstract Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is an uncommon genodermatosis. The most closely associated disorder is Galli-Galli disease (GGD). Both conditions are considered on the same disease spectrum, with the differentiating factor being the presence of acantholysis in GGD. A 51-year-old female with a 21-year history of pruritic eruption in flexural areas progressing to the trunk and limbs presented to our dermatology consult. Physical examination revealed reddish-to-dark brown hyperkeratotic papules and reticulated confluent macules. Dermoscopy showed irregular star-shaped brown mottled areas and yellow-brown polygonal structures. Histopathology confirmed features consistent with GGD. Genetic screening identified a mutation in the POGLUT1 gene. Treatment with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% and oral antihistamines decreased pruritus, but the skin eruption persisted. We present a rare case of GGD describing clinical, genetic, dermoscopy, and histopathological features. Clinicopathological correlation and good cooperation between dermatologists and histopathologists are essential to make the correct diagnosis of GGD.

Resumo A doença de Dowling-Degos (DDD) é uma genodermatose rara, associada à doença de Galli-Galli (GGD). O fator de diferenciação entre as duas doenças é um critério histopatológico com a presença de acantólise no caso da GGD. Mulher de 51 anos, fototipo de Fitzpatrick II, recorreu à consulta de Dermatologia por uma dermatose generalizada e pruriginosa com 21 anos de evolução, com início nas pregas e progressão o tronco e membros. Ao exame objetivo observaram-se máculas e pápulas, castanho-alaranjadas, confluentes, de aspecto reticulado que predominavam no tronco e membros. A dermatosocopia das lesões mostrou áreas irregulares em estrela de coloração castanha e estruturas poligonais amareloacastanahdas, circundadas por halos esbranquiçados. A biópsia cutânea foi compatível com GGD. O estudo genético identificou uma mutação no gene POGLUT1. Este artigo ilustra um caso raro de GGD, descrevendo suas características clínicas, genéticas, dermatoscópicas e histopatológicas. A correlação clinicopatológica é essencial para o diagnóstico de GGD.

Abstract: In pediatrics, a process called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) associated with recent infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus has been observed. One of its variants presents similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD). Objective: to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory testing, and evolution of KD with PIMS Kawasaki phenotype (PIMS-KD) in patients hospitalized before the pandemic, compared with the pandemic period. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study in two groups of patients at the Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: typical KD (group 1) and PIMS-KD (group 2). Data on demographic, clinical, and biochemical details were collected, as well as echocardiogram, treatment, and evolution records. IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both groups. Results: In the KD group and the PIMS-KD group, 20 and 33 patients were analyzed, respectively. There were differences in age, days of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hospital stay. In 25% of the KD group, there were alterations in the echocardiogram and, in the PIMS-K group, all patients received corticosteroids and 25 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In both groups, a favorable clinical evolution was observed, characterized by the absence of complications and mortality. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained in our study, the importance of the epidemiological link is emphasized as an essential factor in differentiating between both pathologies, highlighting the need to consider factors such as age, duration of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, and degree of cardiac involvement, for a differential evaluation between patients with PIMS-KD versus KD.

Resumen: En pediatría, se ha observado un proceso denominado Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico asociado a infección reciente por virus SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS). Una de sus variantes, presenta similitudes con la Enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK). Objetivo: comparar la presentación clínica, laboratorio y evolución de EK con PIMS fenotipo Kawasaki (PIMS-EK) en pacientes hospitalizados antes de la pandemia, comparado con el periodo de pandemia. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal en dos grupos de pacientes del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: EK típica (grupo 1) y PIMS-EK (grupo 2). Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecocardiograma, tratamiento y evolución. En ambos grupos se realizó serología IgG e IgM para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: En el grupo 1 se analizaron 20 pacientes y en el grupo 2, 33 pacientes. Hubo diferencias en edad, días de fiebre, valores de leucocitos, linfocitos, plaquetas, velocidad de eritrosedimentación (VHS) y días de hospitalización. En 25% de pacientes del grupo EK hubo alteraciones en el ecocardiograma y en el grupo PIMS-EK todos recibieron corticoides y 25 pacientes Inmunoglobulina endovenosa (IGEV). En ambos grupos, se observó una evolución clínica favorable, caracterizada por la ausencia de complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En base a los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio, se destaca la importancia del nexo epidemiológico como un factor esencial para diferenciar entre ambas patologías, resaltando la necesidad de considerar factores como la edad, la duración de la fiebre, los valores de leucocitos, linfocitos y plaquetas, grado de compromiso cardíaco, para una evaluación diferencial entre pacientes con PIMS-EK versus EK.

Abstract: In pediatrics, a process called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) associated with recent infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus has been observed. One of its variants presents similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD). Objective: to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory testing, and evolution of KD with PIMS Kawasaki phenotype (PIMS-KD) in patients hospitalized before the pandemic, compared with the pandemic period. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study in two groups of patients at the Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: typical KD (group 1) and PIMS-KD (group 2). Data on demographic, clinical, and biochemical details were collected, as well as echocardiogram, treatment, and evolution records. IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both groups. Results: In the KD group and the PIMS-KD group, 20 and 33 patients were analyzed, respectively. There were differences in age, days of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hospital stay. In 25% of the KD group, there were alterations in the echocardiogram and, in the PIMS-K group, all patients received corticosteroids and 25 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In both groups, a favorable clinical evolution was observed, characterized by the absence of complications and mortality. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained in our study, the importance of the epidemiological link is emphasized as an essential factor in differentiating between both pathologies, highlighting the need to consider factors such as age, duration of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, and degree of cardiac involvement, for a differential evaluation between patients with PIMS-KD versus KD.

Resumen: En pediatría, se ha observado un proceso denominado Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico asociado a infección reciente por virus SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS). Una de sus variantes, presenta similitudes con la Enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK). Objetivo: comparar la presentación clínica, laboratorio y evolución de EK con PIMS fenotipo Kawasaki (PIMS-EK) en pacientes hospitalizados antes de la pandemia, comparado con el periodo de pandemia. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal en dos grupos de pacientes del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: EK típica (grupo 1) y PIMS-EK (grupo 2). Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecocardiograma, tratamiento y evolución. En ambos grupos se realizó serología IgG e IgM para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: En el grupo 1 se analizaron 20 pacientes y en el grupo 2, 33 pacientes. Hubo diferencias en edad, días de fiebre, valores de leucocitos, linfocitos, plaquetas, velocidad de eritrosedimentación (VHS) y días de hospitalización. En 25% de pacientes del grupo EK hubo alteraciones en el ecocardiograma y en el grupo PIMS-EK todos recibieron corticoides y 25 pacientes Inmunoglobulina endovenosa (IGEV). En ambos grupos, se observó una evolución clínica favorable, caracterizada por la ausencia de complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En base a los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio, se destaca la importancia del nexo epidemiológico como un factor esencial para diferenciar entre ambas patologías, resaltando la necesidad de considerar factores como la edad, la duración de la fiebre, los valores de leucocitos, linfocitos y plaquetas, grado de compromiso cardíaco, para una evaluación diferencial entre pacientes con PIMS-EK versus EK.

Abstract: An investigation was made in an automotive industry considered as industry 4.0 in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, which is the northwest zone of the Mexican Republic, evaluating optical sensors to optimize the visibility in cars, as the internet of things (IOT) process, to improve the productivity and quality yielding in the manufacturing areas of this industry evaluated. The main objective of this scientific study was the analysis of the operational yielding of electronic sensors used in the industrial operations to count, control and obtain and safeguarding numerical data of parameters of the sensors evaluated as numerical in a data base in a cloud and in a computer system, as an innovation technology. This investigation shows also a correlation analysis of the implementation of innovation system in industrial process of the industry where was made the scientific study, with the evaluation of the operative yielding as innovation with the productivity and quality indices. The correlation analysis was made with the Spearmen method. This was made to determine the levels of impact on the functionality of these electronic sensors on the productivity and quality indices that led to the economic profit factor, as an aspect of innovation, technology and economy in this evaluated industry. The evaluations were with the MatLab software, using statistical methods as the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the Spearmen used to evaluate the reliability of the instrument as a questionnaire, with five managers of the industry evaluated about the use of these electronic sensors. The principal objective of this investigation was to determine the principal reason to use the industry 4.0 tools as IOT to improve industrial process in an automotive industry that is a relevant industry in the worldwide. Results shows the importance of the use of this type of industry 4.0 tool.

Abstract Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Classification of high- or low-grade tumors is based on cytological differentiation and is an important prognostic factor. LncRNAs regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer, however, there are few reports on their diagnostic value and co-expression levels with genes, which may be useful as specific biomarkers for prognosis and therapy in bladder cancer. Thus, we performed a marker lesion study to investigate whether gene/lncRNA expression in urothelial carcinoma tissues may be useful in differentiating low-grade and high-grade tumors. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of the JHDM1D gene and the lncRNAs CTD-2132N18.2, SBF2-AS1, RP11-977B10.2, CTD-2510F5.4, and RP11-363E7.4 in 20 histologically diagnosed high-grade and 10 low-grade tumors. A protein-to-protein interaction network between genes associated with JHDM1D gene was constructed using STRING website. The results showed a moderate (positive) correlation between CTD-2510F5.4 and CTD2132N18.2. ROC curve analyses showed that combined JHDM1D and RP11-363E7.4 predicted tumor grade with an AUC of 0.826, showing excellent accuracy. In conclusion, the results indicated that the combined expression of JHDM1D and RP11-363E7.4 may be a prognostic biomarker and a promising target for urothelial tumor therapy. globally high lowgrade low factor however coexpression co Thus genelncRNA lncRNA highgrade RTqPCR RT qPCR JHDMD JHDM D CTD2132N18.2, CTD2132N182 CTDN CTD 2132N18.2, 2132N18 2 N CTD-2132N18.2 SBF2AS1, SBF2AS1 SBFAS SBF2 AS1, AS1 SBF AS SBF2-AS1 RP11977B10.2, RP11977B102 RPB RP11 977B10.2, 977B10 RP B RP11-977B10.2 CTD2510F5.4, CTD2510F54 CTDF 2510F5.4, 2510F5 4 F RP11363E7.4 RP11363E74 RPE 363E7.4 363E7 E RP11-363E7. 1 proteintoprotein protein website positive (positive CTD2510F5.4 2510F5.4 CTD-2510F5. CTD2132N18 CTD2132N18.2 0826 0 826 0.826 accuracy conclusion 2132N182 2132N18.2 2132N1 CTD-2132N18. SBF2AS SBF2-AS RP11977B10 RP11977B10.2 RP1 977B102 977B10.2 977B1 RP11-977B10. CTD2510F5 2510F54 2510F RP11363E7 RP11363E7. 363E74 363E7. 363E RP11-363E7 CTD2510F5. 2510F5. CTD-2510F5 CTD2132N1 CTD2132N18. 082 82 0.82 2132N18. 2132N CTD-2132N18 RP11977B1 RP11977B10. 977B10. 977B RP11-977B10 CTD2510F RP11363E RP11-363E CTD-2510F CTD2132N 08 8 0.8 CTD-2132N1 RP11977B RP11-977B1 0. CTD-2132N RP11-977B

Resumen La prevención de lavado de dinero es un tema que ha tomado importancia en los últimos años en el sector financiero, debido a que dicho sector resulta vulnerable a ser utilizado para perpetrar este delito. En este trabajo, se analiza la mejor decisión por parte de las instituciones de banca múltiple respecto a bloquear o no bloquear las tarjetas de crédito ante posibles escenarios de lavado de dinero por parte de sus tarjetahabientes. Con base en un análisis de información incompleta, se deducen instrumentos para que la institución decida bloquear o no una cuenta que presente operaciones inusuales; con la finalidad de evitar pérdidas financieras y un daño en su reputación por relacionarse con tarjetahabientes que lavan dinero. El factor diferenciador de este trabajo consiste en la construcción de señales mediante vectores de pesos asignados a los factores de lavado de dinero, que pueden servir como indicadores o agravantes ante posibles operaciones inusuales de los tarjetahabientes.

Abstract In recent years, the prevention of money laundering has gained importance in the financial sector because this sector is being used to perpetrate this crime. This paper analyzes the best decision by banking institutions regarding the blocking or not of credit cards in the face of possible money laundering scenarios by their cardholders. Based on an analysis of incomplete information, we deduce instruments that help the institution decide to block or not, an account that presents unusual operations; to avoid financial losses and damage to their reputation from being involved with cardholders who launder money. The differentiating factor of this work consists in the construction of signals through vectors of weights assigned to the money laundering factors, which can serve as indicators or aggravating factors in possible unusual operations by cardholders.

Resumen Se analizaron los sentidos atribuidos a las competencias clínicas y organizacionales del psicólogo y cómo estas determinan y marcan un factor diferenciador en un proceso de selección de personal. Esta investigación es un estudio cualitativo, con diseño descriptivo transversal, y busca responder a su objetivo principal a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas donde se indaga a cinco psicólogos colombianos sobre aspectos importantes de la selección personal. Se encontró que los sentidos atribuidos a las competencias clínicas y organizacionales son determinantes en el proceso de selección, pues utilizar las dos competencias hace un proceso mucho más completo, al ver al sujeto desde una visión global donde cada aspecto que lo conforma es de suma importancia para la organización, teniendo en cuenta que realizar esta combinación de competencias es un trabajo que solo lo puede hacer un psicólogo.

Abstract The meanings attributed to the clinical and organizational competencies of the psychologist and how these determine and mark a differentiating factor in a personnel selection process were analyzed. This research is a qualitative study, with a cross-sectional descriptive design, it seeks to respond to its main objective through semi-structured interviews, in which five Colombian psychologists are questioned about important aspects of personal selection. It was found that the senses attributed to clinical and organizational competencies are decisive in the selection process, since using the two competencies makes a much more complete process, seeing the subject from a global vision where each aspect that makes it up is of utmost importance for the organization, bearing in mind that performing this combination of competencies is a job that only a psychologist can do.

ABSTRACT Measurements of biodiversity can be used to assess the scale of anthropogenic impact and predict species loss. A great number of diversity measures exist involving species richness and relative abundance that differ in how they are calculated. The choice of the adequate biodiversity measure to compare biological communities poses a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 26 diversity measures to differentiate land cover types in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Diversity was inventoried and quantified in three vertical strata in six locally dominant land cover types: primary and secondary forests, agroforestry systems, oil palm plantations, annual croplands and pastures. No diversity measure was able to differentiate all land cover types in every stratum. Fisher’s alpha was able to differentiate cover types in the middle and upper strata, while Smith-Wilson and Jentsch’s mixture quotient were able to differentiate in the lower and upper strata, and heterogeneity indices only differentiated in the upper stratum. The distinction and ranking of plant diversity among land covers depended on the diversity measure chosen. The number and types of land cover and vertical strata were a key factor in the ability of the diversity measure to differentiate among them. loss calculated challenge 2 Amazon forests systems plantations pastures stratum Fishers Fisher s SmithWilson Smith Wilson Jentschs Jentsch chosen them

RESUMO Medidas da biodiversidade podem ser usadas para avaliar a escala de impactos antropogênicos e prever a perda de espécies. Existem muitas medidas de diversidade envolvendo riqueza e abundância relativa de espécies, que diferem na forma em que são calculadas. A escolha da medida de biodiversidade adequada para comparar diferentes comunidades biológicas representa um desafio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de 26 medidas de diversidade para diferenciar classes de cobertura do solo na Amazônia oriental brasileira. A diversidade foi inventariada e quantificada em três estratos verticais em seis tipos de cobertura do solo localmente dominantes: florestas primárias e secundárias, plantações de dendezeiros, sistemas agroflorestais, áreas de cultivo anual e pastagens. Nenhuma medida de diversidade foi capaz de diferenciar todas as classes de cobertura em cada estrato. O alfa de Fisher foi capaz de diferenciar tipos de cobertura nos estratos médio e superior, enquanto o Smith-Wilson e o quociente de mistura de Jentsch diferenciaram nos estratos inferiores e superiores, e os índices de heterogeneidade apenas diferenciaram no estrato superior. A distinção e a ordenação da diversidade de plantas entre as coberturas dependeram da escolha da medida de diversidade. O número e os tipos de cobertura da terra e de estratos verticais foram um fator chave na capacidade de distinção das medidas de diversidade. espécies calculadas desafio 2 brasileira dominantes secundárias dendezeiros agroflorestais pastagens superior SmithWilson Smith Wilson superiores

Resumen Street harassment refers to the unwanted comments, gestures, and actions that strangers address to people in public places without the consent of the affected individuals. In Costa Rica, even though anyone regardless of their gender can experience street harassment, this issue has a major incidence on women as shown on studies such as the Encuesta Actualidades conducted by the School of Statistics of UCR in 2015 (Umaña, 2016). This study highlights that 61,7% of all women surveyed indicated having been victims of street harassment while 32.8% of men indicated the same (Umaña, 2016). This research aimed to examine the perceptions of professional and non-professional millennial men towards the street harassment of women in San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica, with the purpose of determining if the academic educational level of this age group stands as a differentiating factor of people who perpetrate street harassment against women. The researcher surveyed fifty-two millennial men and results revealed that the academic educational level is not a determinant factor that differentiates the perpetrators of street harassment as both professional and non-professional men harass women almost evenly, and many of them ignore the definition of street harassment and their types.

Abstract El acoso callejero se refiere a todos aquellos gestos, acciones y comentarios no deseados que personas extrañas dirigen a sus víctimas en lugares públicos sin el consentimiento de las personas afectadas. En nuestro país, a pesar de que todas las personas sin importar su género pueden experimentar acoso callejero, este problema tiene una mayor incidencia en las mujeres según lo han demostrado estudios como el de la Encuesta Actualidades de la Escuela de Estadística de la UCR en 2015[1] (Umaña, 2016)[2]. Dicho estudio afirma que un 61,7 % de las mujeres encuestadas aseguraron haber sido víctimas de acoso callejero frente a un 32,8% de hombres encuestados que indicaron lo mismo (Umaña, 2016)[2]. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la percepción de hombres profesionales y no profesionales de la generación millennial respecto al acoso callejero en San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica, con el fin de determinar si el grado de escolaridad de este grupo etario de los participantes fungía como factor que diferencia a las personas que perpetran acoso callejero hacia las mujeres. El investigador encuestó a 52 hombres profesionales y no profesionales de la generación millennial y los resultados revelaron que la escolaridad no es un factor determinante que diferencia a los perpetradores de acoso callejero, pues tanto profesionales como no profesionales acosan casi de igual forma y la mayoría de estas personas desconocen la definición de acoso callejero y sus tipos.

Resumen: En el marco de un proyecto de investigación, perteneciente a una Universidad, que aborda problemáticas vinculadas a la industria de los hidrocarburos, se realiza una encuesta durante el mes de septiembre de 2021 para indagar la percepción de los ciudadanos respecto de diferentes temas relacionados con la industria. La transición energética surge como una solución al cambio climático que es comúnmente asociado a la quema de combustibles fósiles. En este trabajo se pretende investigar a través del vocabulario cómo están instaladas estas ideas en las personas. Se analizan las respuestas a las preguntas abiertas: “Explique con sus palabras que entiende por transición energética”, “¿Cuál es su opinión sobre la transición energética?” y “¿Quiénes deberían liderar este cambio que lleve a la transición energética?”, utilizando el análisis estadístico de datos textuales. Estas preguntas forman parte de una encuesta más extensa. El empleo de la estadística textual en el análisis de respuestas a preguntas abiertas aporta información acerca de lo que los sujetos investigados piensan ya que las ideas se manifiestan a través del vocabulario. Adicionalmente, este tipo de análisis permite diferenciar y agrupar a los sujetos estableciéndose categorías que prescinden de la subjetividad del investigador. Se utiliza el lenguaje R complementándolo con el software SPSS Statistics. Se analizan 188 encuestas, con el fin de identificar diferencias y similitudes léxicas entre grupos etarios. Mediante Lexicometría se contextualizan las palabras construyendo tablas de contingencia de los diferentes grupos. Estas características identificadas en el léxico son estudiadas mediante el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencia aplicado a la tabla léxica agregada. Durante este proceso, las respuestas no son modificadas ni categorizadas. Este trabajo permite determinar que palabras están instaladas en la mente de las personas respecto de la transición energética y corrobora que existe una diferencia léxica en las percepciones entre los diferentes grupos etarios.

Abstract: Within a research project, belonging to a University, that addresses problems related to the hydrocarbon industry; A survey is carried out during the month of September 2021, to investigate the perception of citizens regarding different issues related to the industry. The energy transition emerges as a solution to climate change, which is commonly associated with the use of fossil fuels. This research aims to investigate through vocabulary how these ideas are installed in people's minds. The answers to the open questions are analyzed: "Explain in your own words what you understand by energy transition", "What is your opinion about the energy transition?" and “Who should lead this change that leads to the energy transition?”, using the statistical analysis of textual data. These questions are part of a larger survey. The use of textual statistics in the analysis of answers to open questions provides information about what people think about it, since ideas are manifested through vocabulary. Additionally, this type of analysis allows differentiating and grouping the subjects, establishing categories that leave aside the subjectivity of the researcher. The R language is used, complementing it with the SPSS Statistics software. 188 surveys are analyzed in order to identify lexical differences and similarities between age groups. Through the use of Lexicometry, the words are contextualized by building contingency tables of the different groups. These characteristics identified in the lexicon are studied by Correspondence Factor Analysis applied to the aggregated lexical table. During this process, responses are not modified or categorized. This research allows us to determine what words are installed in people's minds regarding the energy transition and corroborates that there is a lexical difference in perceptions between different age groups.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Nutrition knowledge is a modifiable determinant of eating behavior, important to the development of healthy eating habits that may be differentiating in the optimization of athletes’ performance. OBJECTIVES: To translate and adapt a questionnaire on general and sport nutrition knowledge and to study its psychometric properties. METHODOLOGY: We performed the translation, back-translation and adaptation of the instrument, including the reduction of the number of items based on its application to higher education students (n = 238) from three different areas of knowledge: nutrition (n= 46), engineering (n = 118) and linguistics (n = 74), and studied its psychometric properties: content validity, mixed groups validity, factorial validity and internal consistency. RESULTS: The questionnaire’s content was analyzed by a group of evaluators through a qualitative and quantitative analysis, which resulted in a content validity coefficient of 0.90. Through the assessment of the difference in knowledge between the three groups, and according to the internal consistency and factor analysis, from the 90 items in the initial questionnaire 48 were excluded. The factor analysis and internal consistency were repeated for the final version with 42 items. The questionnaire presents, for each section (general nutrition and sport nutrition), a unifactorial structure and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values of 0.883 and 0.720, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study led to a shorter and with good psychometric properties version of a questionnaire on general and sports nutrition knowledge. Its application will allow professionals in the field to evaluate differences in knowledge between athletes of different sexes and sports, thus establishing more effective and directed educational strategies.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O conhecimento em nutrição é um determinante modificável do comportamento alimentar, importante para a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e diferenciadores na otimização do desempenho desportivo. OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar um questionário de conhecimentos em nutrição geral e no desporto e estudar as suas propriedades psicométricas. METODOLOGIA: Procedeu-se à tradução, retrotradução e adaptação do instrumento, incluindo a redução do número de itens com base na aplicação a estudantes do ensino superior (n = 238) de três áreas de conhecimentos distintos: nutrição (n = 46), engenharia (n = 118) e letras (n = 74), e estudaram-se as suas propriedades psicométricas: validade de conteúdo, validade de grupos mistos, validade fatorial e consistência interna. RESULTADOS : O conteúdo do questionário foi analisado por um conjunto de avaliadores através de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa, que resultou num coeficiente de validade de conteúdo de 0,90. Através da avaliação da diferença de conhecimentos entre os três grupos, e de acordo com a análise da consistência interna e análise fatorial, dos 90 itens que compunham o questionário inicial foram excluídos 48. Foram repetidas as análises fatorial e de consistência interna para a versão final com 42 itens. O questionário apresenta, para cada uma das secções (nutrição geral e nutrição no desporto), uma estrutura unifatorial e boa consistência interna (valores de alfa de Cronbach de 0,883 e 0,720, respetivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo gerou uma versão mais curta e com boas propriedades psicométricas de um questionário de conhecimentos em nutrição geral e no desporto. A sua aplicação permitirá aos profissionais da área analisar as diferenças de conhecimentos entre atletas de diferentes sexos e desportos, estabelecendo assim estratégias educacionais mais direcionadas e efetivas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar el papel predictor que juegan las características demográficas, psicosociales y de conducción de los conductores españoles en la percepción del riesgo en comparación con los infractores reincidentes, centrándose en el género como factor clave diferenciador. Método: En este estudio transversal se han analizado datos de una muestra nacional compuesta de 1,711 conductores de las 17 regiones españolas (el 49% mujeres y el 51% hombres), con una media de edad de 40.07 años, que respondieron a una entrevista telefónica sobre temas relacionados con la seguridad vial. Se analizaron comparativamente los factores demográficos, los relativos a la conducción y los psicosociales por medio de pruebas robustas y de modelos multigrupo de ecuaciones estructurales (MGSEM). Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio indican que la edad de los conductores, su exposición al riesgo, su conocimiento de las normas de tráfico, su valoración de la aplicación de la ley y de los programas de reeducación vial, así como el número de multas de tráfico que han recibido, explican el riesgo que estos perciben en los infractores de tráfico reincidentes. En segundo lugar, en lo que se refiere a las diferencias estructurales, tres de las variables del estudio (la exposición a la conducción, la necesidad de cumplir las normas y los conocimientos de las normas de tráfico) parecen ejercer una influencia diferencial en la percepción del riesgo de acuerdo con el género de los conductores. Conclusión: Los resultados indican que tanto las características psicosociales como las referidas a la conducción predicen la percepción del riesgo de los conductores en relación a los infractores de tráfico reincidentes entre hombres y mujeres conductores. Esta investigación abunda en la necesidad de poner el énfasis en el género para potenciar los procesos de educación en la conducción, reeducación y entrenamiento dirigidos a abordar y prevenir la reincidencia en el campo del tráfico y de la movilidad. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context (2022) 14(1) 33-41

ABSTRACT Objective: The core aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of demographic, psychosocial and driving features of Spanish drivers on their risk perception over recidivist traffic offenders, focusing on gender as a key differentiating factor. Method: For this cross-sectional study, it was analyzed the data gathered from a nationwide sample of 1,711 licensed drivers from the 17 regions of Spain (49% females, 51% males) with a mean age of 40.07 years, responding to a telephone-based interview on road safety issues. Demographic, driving-related and psychosocial factors were comparatively analyzed through robust tests and a bias-corrected MGSEM (Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling) approach. Results: The findings of this study indicate that drivers’ age, driving exposure, traffic law knowledge, their assessment of both enforcement and reeducation, and the number of traffic fines they have received, explain the risk perceived in recidivist traffic offenders. Secondly, and in regard to structural differences, three study variables, i.e., driving exposure, need for enforcement and traffic law knowledge, have shown to exert a differential influence on risk perception according to drivers’ gender. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that both psychosocial and driving-related features differentially predict drivers’ risk perception over recidivist traffic offenders between male and female drivers. This research supports the need of fostering the emphasis on gender, in order to strengthen driving education, re-education, and training processes aimed at facing and preventing recidivism in the field of traffic and mobility.

Abstract: Walking down a street is not the same as going out for a walk. One of the differences is that by going out for a walk it is possible to empathize with the city façades. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of the perceptions and urban imaginaries of young adults, we propose to analyze how they understand walking through the different streets of the Lima neighborhoods of Lince, Jesús María, and Santa Beatriz, which are experiencing physical changes in their streets due to the expansion of the real estate market. It was revealed that the disposition to empathize with façades was related to an idea of life that was used as a differentiating factor, and which included attributes of location, visibility, variety, sense of community, and historicization. Therefore, when there was greater disposition to empathize with the streets, walking acquired a new character and people did go out for a walk.

Resumen: Caminar a través de una calle no es lo mismo que salir a caminar. Una de sus diferencias es que al salir a caminar es posible empatizar con las fachadas de la urbe. Mediante un análisis cualitativo y comparativo de las percepciones e imaginarios urbanos de jóvenes adultos se propuso analizar cómo comprenden el caminar por las distintas calles de los barrios limeños de Lince, Jesús María y Santa Beatriz que experimentan cambios físicos en sus calles por el incremento del mercado inmobiliario. Se reveló que la disposición para empatizar con las fachadas se relacionaba con una idea de vida que era utilizada como factor distintivo y que comprendía las cualidades de localización, visibilidad, variedad, sentido de comunidad e historización. Por lo tanto, cuando existía una mayor disposición para empatizar con las calles, el caminar adquiría un nuevo carácter y se salía a caminar.