Abstract Purpose: To analyze diabetes mellitus (DM) in a multifactorial manner with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and variables like nutritional status, sex, genetic predisposition, age and ethnicity; in order to determine the relationship between BGA and DM in the Mazahua Otomí (MO) community. Methodological design: This quantitative survey on social and nutritional variables was designed, validated and applied. A logistic model was developed to find the relationship of DM in relation to the variables: SSB consumption, sex, genetic predisposition, age, body mass index and ethnicity. Results: The Mazahua otomi community has a monthly family income below the extreme poverty line; they do not have disease control: 68% are obese or overweight and SSB consumption is medium to high in 90% of the population. In a multifactorial manner and according to the model, there is a probability of manifesting DM depending on the variables mentioned above; while, with the exception of nutritional status and age, the others are the most significant. In taste and preferences, 52% opt for the Coca-Cola SSB brand. Research limitations: The results found should be complemented in other case studies in communities with similar characteristics and a broader probabilistic population sample. Finding: In the MO community there is a relationship between BGA consumption and DM and there is no control of the disease. This work contributes to the design of public policies to prevent health damage because of excessive consumption of SSB and its relationship with DM; likewise, those policies that rescue and promote good nutritional practices of the communities of indigenous peoples.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar en forma multifactorial la diabetes mellitus (DM) con el consumo de las bebidas gaseosas azucaradas (BGA) y de las variables estado nutricional, sexo, predisposición genética, edad y etnia, para determinar la relación de las BGA y la DM en la comunidad Mazahua Otomí (MO). Diseño Metodológico: El estudio fue cuantitativo. Se diseñó, validó y aplicó una encuesta estructurada sobre variables sociales y nutricionales. Se elaboró un modelo logístico para encontrar la relación de DM con las variables: consumo de BGA, sexo, predisposición genética, edad, índice de masa corporal y etnia. Resultados: En la comunidad MO que se investigó un padre de familia promedio tiene un ingreso mensual por debajo de la línea de pobreza extrema y no existe control de la enfermedad de estudio: 68% tiene obesidad o sobrepeso y el consumo de BGA es entre medio y alto en 90% de la población. En forma multifactorial, hay probabilidad de manifestar la DM en función de las variables antes señaladas; mientras que, a excepción de estado nutricional y la edad, las demás son las más significativas. En gustos y preferencias, 52% opta por la marca de BGA Coca-Cola. Limitaciones de la investigación: Los resultados encontrados deberán complementarse con estudios de caso en comunidades con características similares y una muestra poblacional probabilística más amplia. Hallazgos: En la comunidad MO existe una relación entre el consumo de BGA y la DM y no hay control de la enfermedad. Este trabajo aporta al diseño de políticas públicas de prevención del daño a la salud por el consumo excesivo de BGA y su relación con la DM. De igual manera aquellas políticas públicas que rescaten y fomenten las buenas prácticas nutritivas entre las comunidades de los pueblos originarios.

Abstract Introduction: The nursing process is the method that allows us to administer care to people with chronic diseases through the disease stages, that is, assessment, diagnostic reasoning, nursing care plan and evaluation. Objective: Evaluate a nursing care plan for an older adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis with a focus on therapeutic health education. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, and longitudinal clinical case study of a 63-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis; the Marjory Gordon instrument was used for assessment, and standardized language was used for diagnostic reasoning, planning, execution and evaluation. Under bioethical principles, this is a minimal risk research, and the privacy and data of the elderly are protected. Results: Alteration was found in the pattern of perception/maintenance of health, nutritional/metabolic, exercise activity and coping with stress; with the establishment of activities to control glucose, priority was given to prescribed diet, exercise, adherence to treatment and coping with stress. Acceptance of the disease, learning to take capillary glucose and glycemic control was achieved, as well as adherence to the prescribed diet and exercise. Conclusions: Therapeutic health education achieved adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, as well as the acceptance of the health status, which allows acquiring self-control of the disease. Continuous and long-term follow-up is important due to the pathological progress, age and general deterioration of the patient.

Abstrato Introdução. O processo de enfermagem é o método que nos permite administrar a assistência a pessoas com doenças crônicas por meio dos estágios da doença, ou seja, avaliação, raciocínio diagnóstico, plano de assistência de enfermagem e avaliação. Objetivo: Avaliar um plano de cuidados de enfermagem para um adulto mais velho com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e osteoporose com foco na educação terapêutica em saúde. Metodologia: Estudo de caso clínico observacional, descritivo e longitudinal de uma paciente de 63 anos com diabetes mellitus e osteoporose; para a avaliação foi utilizado o instrumento Marjory Gordon para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foi utilizada a linguagem padronizada. De acordo com os princípios bioéticos, essa é uma pesquisa de risco mínimo, e a privacidade e os dados dos idosos são protegidos. Resultados: Foi encontrada alteração no padrão de percepção/manutenção da saúde, nutricional/metabólico, atividade física e enfrentamento do estresse; com o estabelecimento de atividades para controlar a glicose, a prioridade foi dada à dieta prescrita, aos exercícios, à adesão ao tratamento e ao enfrentamento do estresse. Houve aceitação da doença, aprendizado da medição da glicose capilar e controle glicêmico, além de adesão à dieta e aos exercícios prescritos. Conclusões: A educação terapêutica em saúde conseguiu a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico, bem como a aceitação do estado de saúde, que permite adquirir o autocontrolo da doença, sendo importante a monitorização contínua e a longo prazo da evolução patológica, da idade e da deterioração geral do paciente.

Resumen Introducción: El proceso de enfermería es el método que nos permite administrar los cuidados a personas con enfermedades crónicas a través de sus etapas: valoración, razonamiento diagnóstico, plan de cuidados de enfermería y evaluación. Objetivo: Evaluar un plan de cuidados de enfermería a una adulta mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y osteoporosis con enfoque a la educación para la salud terapéutica. Metodología: Estudio de caso clínico, observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal, a paciente de 63 años con diabetes mellitus y osteoporosis; para la valoración se empleó el instrumento de Marjory Gordon, para el razonamiento diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación se utilizó el lenguaje estandarizado de enfermería. Bajo los principios bioéticos es una investigación de riesgo mínimo, se protege la privacidad y datos del adulto mayor. Resultados: Se encontró alteración en el patrón percepción / mantenimiento de la salud, nutricional / metabólico, actividad ejercicio y afrontamiento del estrés; estableciendo actividades para el control de su glucosa, se priorizó en dieta prescrita, ejercicio, adherencia al tratamiento y afrontamiento al estrés. Se logró aceptación de la enfermedad, aprendizaje de toma de glucosa capilar y control glucémico, además del apego a dieta y ejercicio prescrito. Conclusiones: La educación para la salud terapéutica logró el apego al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, así como la aceptación del estado de salud le permite adquirir el autocontrol de su enfermedad, es importante el seguimiento continuo y a largo plazo por el avance patológico, edad y deterioro general de la paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Vascular and neuropathic complications of diabetes cause diabetic foot, being the main risk factor for non-traumatic amputations. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on lifestyle and self-care of patients at risk of diabetic foot. Methodology: Literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology; published in EBSCO host, Google academic, PubMed, Scielo and Elsevier; in English and Spanish from 2016 to 2022. Nursing articles were included, mentioning two or more variables of interest: diabetes mellitus, lifestyle, diabetic foot, and self-care; duplicates, no access, and gray literature were eliminated. From a total of 1,080 articles, 14 were included that met the inclusion criteria. Checklists were used to assess the quality of the manuscripts used. Results: Systematic reviews, observational, experimental and qualitative studies showed evidence that self-care can be influenced by culture, context and knowledge deficit, being this a risk factor for the development of diabetic foot. An association was found between the risk of diabetic foot with years of diagnosis, inadequate self-care of the feet and advanced age. Conclusion: The association between the self-care deficit and the risk of diabetic foot in the elderly was evidenced. It is recommended to broaden the search and include people under 40 years of age in order to establish effective preventive measures and reduce the risk of diabetic foot.

Abstrato Introdução: As complicações vasculares e neuropáticas da diabetes causam o pé diabético, sendo o principal fator de risco para amputações não traumáticas. Objetivo: Analisar a evidência científica disponível sobre o estilo de vida e o autocuidado dos doentes em risco de pé diabético. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura utilizando a metodologia preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; publicada no EBSCO host, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo e Elsevier; em inglês e espanhol de 2016 a 2022. Foram incluídos artigos de enfermagem que mencionavam duas ou mais variáveis de interesse: diabetes mellitus, estilo de vida, pé diabético e autocuidado; foram removidos os duplicados, sem acesso e literatura cinzenta. De um total de 1.080 artigos, 14 que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram incluídos. Foram utilizadas listas de verificação para avaliar a qualidade dos manuscritos utilizados. Resultados: Revisões sistemáticas, estudos observacionais, experimentais e qualitativos mostraram evidências de que o autocuidado pode ser influenciado pela cultura, contexto e défices de conhecimento, que são factores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença do pé diabético. Foram encontradas associações entre o risco de pé diabético e os anos de diagnóstico, o autocuidado inadequado dos pés e a idade avançada. Conclusão: Verificou-se a associação entre défices de autocuidado e o risco de doença do pé diabético em idosos. Recomendamos o alargamento da pesquisa a pessoas com menos de 40 anos de idade, de forma a estabelecer medidas preventivas eficazes e reduzir o risco de doença do pé diabético.

Resumen Introducción: Las complicaciones vasculares y neuropáticas de la diabetes causan el pie diabético, siendo el principal factor de riesgo para amputaciones no traumáticas. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre el estilo de vida y autocuidado de los pacientes con riesgo de pie diabético. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura mediante la metodología preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; publicada en EBSCO host, Google académico, PubMed, Scielo y Elsevier; en inglés y español desde 2016 a 2022. Se incluyeron artículos de enfermería, que mencionaran dos o más variables de interés: diabetes mellitus, estilo de vida, pie diabético y autocuidado; se eliminaron duplicados, sin acceso abierto y literatura gris. De un total de 1,080 artículos se incluyeron 14 que reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Se emplearon listas de verificación para evaluar la calidad de los manuscritos utilizados. Resultados: Las revisiones sistemáticas, estudios observacionales, experimentales y cualitativos mostraron evidencias de que el autocuidado puede verse influenciado por la cultura, contexto y déficit de conocimientos, siendo este factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de pie diabético. Se encontró asociación entre el riesgo de pie diabético con años de diagnóstico, autocuidado inadecuado de los pies y edad avanzada. Conclusión: Se evidenció asociación entre déficit de autocuidado y riesgo de pie diabético en el adulto mayor. Se recomienda ampliar la búsqueda e incluir personas menores de 40 años para establecer medidas preventivas eficaces y reducir el riesgo de pie diabético.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze diabetes mellitus (DM) in a multifactorial manner with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and variables like nutritional status, sex, genetic predisposition, age and ethnicity; in order to determine the relationship between BGA and DM in the Mazahua Otomí (MO) community. Methodological design: This quantitative survey on social and nutritional variables was designed, validated and applied. A logistic model was developed to find the relationship of DM in relation to the variables: SSB consumption, sex, genetic predisposition, age, body mass index and ethnicity. Results: The Mazahua otomi community has a monthly family income below the extreme poverty line; they do not have disease control: 68% are obese or overweight and SSB consumption is medium to high in 90% of the population. In a multifactorial manner and according to the model, there is a probability of manifesting DM depending on the variables mentioned above; while, with the exception of nutritional status and age, the others are the most significant. In taste and preferences, 52% opt for the Coca-Cola SSB brand. Research limitations: The results found should be complemented in other case studies in communities with similar characteristics and a broader probabilistic population sample. Finding: In the MO community there is a relationship between BGA consumption and DM and there is no control of the disease. This work contributes to the design of public policies to prevent health damage because of excessive consumption of SSB and its relationship with DM; likewise, those policies that rescue and promote good nutritional practices of the communities of indigenous peoples.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar en forma multifactorial la diabetes mellitus (DM) con el consumo de las bebidas gaseosas azucaradas (BGA) y de las variables estado nutricional, sexo, predisposición genética, edad y etnia, para determinar la relación de las BGA y la DM en la comunidad Mazahua Otomí (MO). Diseño Metodológico: El estudio fue cuantitativo. Se diseñó, validó y aplicó una encuesta estructurada sobre variables sociales y nutricionales. Se elaboró un modelo logístico para encontrar la relación de DM con las variables: consumo de BGA, sexo, predisposición genética, edad, índice de masa corporal y etnia. Resultados: En la comunidad MO que se investigó un padre de familia promedio tiene un ingreso mensual por debajo de la línea de pobreza extrema y no existe control de la enfermedad de estudio: 68% tiene obesidad o sobrepeso y el consumo de BGA es entre medio y alto en 90% de la población. En forma multifactorial, hay probabilidad de manifestar la DM en función de las variables antes señaladas; mientras que, a excepción de estado nutricional y la edad, las demás son las más significativas. En gustos y preferencias, 52% opta por la marca de BGA Coca-Cola. Limitaciones de la investigación: Los resultados encontrados deberán complementarse con estudios de caso en comunidades con características similares y una muestra poblacional probabilística más amplia. Hallazgos: En la comunidad MO existe una relación entre el consumo de BGA y la DM y no hay control de la enfermedad. Este trabajo aporta al diseño de políticas públicas de prevención del daño a la salud por el consumo excesivo de BGA y su relación con la DM. De igual manera aquellas políticas públicas que rescaten y fomenten las buenas prácticas nutritivas entre las comunidades de los pueblos originarios.

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a set of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of multisystemic diseases. In Mexico, Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) have been proposed for the healthcare of people with T2DM, from prevention to rehabilitation. However, although these guidelines emphasize the active participation of patients in their treatment to enhance treatment adherence, the necessary information on the procedures has not been provided. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose Human-Centered Design Thinking (HCDP) as a strategy for this purpose. The steps that constitute this methodology are described, as well as the results found in the international literature. The coherence of the HCDP with Mexican CPG recommendations is discussed, as is the importance of the methodological clarity provided by this model to improve treatment adherence in people with T2DM.

Resumen La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es un conjunto de desórdenes metabólicos que aumenta el riesgo de afecciones multisistémicas. En México se han propuesto Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) para la atención de la salud en personas con DMT2, que van desde la prevención hasta la rehabilitación. Sin embargo, a pesar de enfatizar la participación activa de los pacientes en sus tratamientos para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento, no cuenta con procedimientos claros. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer el pensamiento de diseño centrado en la persona (PDCP) como una estrategia para esta meta. Se describen los pasos que integran esta metodología, así como los resultados observados en la literatura internacional. Se discute la coherencia del PDCP con las recomendaciones de las GPC mexicanas, y la importancia de la claridad metodológica que brinda este modelo para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con DMT2.

Resumen Objetivo: recopilar información de factores de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial coronaria en población adulta evidenciados mediante estudios de aleatorización mendeliana. Métodos: de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la escala para la Evaluación de Artículos de Revisión Narrativa (SANRA), se realizó una revisión desde el usuario de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada en las bases de datos de PubMed, EMBASE y BIREME. Resultados: se obtuvieron 757 artículos, luego se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y se eligieron 29 artículos en los que se investiga la asociación de la enfermedad arterial coronaria con la apolipoproteína B, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos, colesterol total, apolipoproteina C3, proteína de transferencia de ésteres de colesterol, HDL, omega 6, lipoproteína (a), obesidad, hemoglobina A1C, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, glucosa en ayunas, inicio del hábito de fumar, presión arterial, hormona paratiroidea sérica, niveles de fosfato sérico, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, síndrome de ovario poliquístico, globulina fijadora de hormonas sexuales, testosterona, filoquinona circulante, proteína gla de la matriz inactiva, antioxidantes circulantes derivados de la dieta, glicina, homocisteína, ácido úrico, marcadores inflamatorios, hemoglobina, hematocrito y recuento de glóbulos rojos. Conclusión: esta revisión sugiere nuevos estudios con información genética colombiana para respaldar los factores de riesgo aquí presentados, teniendo en cuenta que en ninguno de los estudios evaluados se utilizó información genética latinoamericana, lo cual puede limitar la extrapolación de los resultados.

Summary: Objective: To compile information on risk factors for coronary artery disease in the adult population evidenced by Mendelian randomization studies.. Methods: A search was carried out from the user of the Nueva Granada Military University in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE and BIREME and a narrative review of the literature was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the scale for the Evaluation of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). Results: 757 articles were obtained, after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were chosen that investigated the association of apolipoprotein B, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein C3, cholesterol ester transfer protein, HDL, omega 6, lipoprotein (a), obesity, hemoglobin A1C, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, smoking initiation, blood pressure, serum parathyroid hormone, serum phosphate levels, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome , sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, circulating phylloquinone, inactive matrix protein gla, circulating dietary-derived antioxidants, glycine, homocysteine, uric acid, inflammatory markers, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count, with coronary artery disease. Conclusion: This review suggests new studies with Colombian genetic information to support the risk factors presented here, considering that none of the studies evaluated used Latin American genetic information, which may limit the extrapolation of the results.

Resumen Introducción: la organización mundial de la salud estima que 2000 millones de personas padecen anemia, mientras que la pre-diabetes y la diabetes afectan aproximadamente a 352 y 460 millones de personas, respectivamente. La anemia es una complicación frecuente en la diabetes mellitus (DM). Objetivo: evaluar la asociación y probabilidad de alteraciones de la hemoglobina en pre-diabéticos y diabéticos. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retorspectivo y transversal, la población fue de 1103 pacientes (211 prediabéticos, 223 diabéticos y 669 normoglucémicos), la muestra fue el total de la población que cumplió con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión: adultos normoglucémicos y pre-diabéticos sin presencia de enfermedad aguda o crónica al momento del examen. La asociación entre variables se realizó por medio de la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la probabilidad fue determinada por la prueba de Odds Ratio. Resultados: las mujeres pre-diabéticas tuvieron una probabilidad 1.72 mayor de anemia que mujeres no diabéticas. Los hombres pre-diabéticos tuvieron una probabilidad 2.80 veces mayor de anemia que los no diabéticos. Las mujeres diabéticas tuvieron una probabilidad 2,37 más alta de tener anemia, mientras que los hombres diabéticos tuvieron una probabilidad 4,41 veces más alta que lo hombres no diabéticos de padecer anemia. Conclusiones: pacientes pre-diabéticos tienen mayor probabilidad de anemia que en no diabéticos. Es posible que la hiperglucemia persistente en pre-diabéticos se asocie a cambios en la concentración de esta hemoproteína años antes del desarrollo de diabetes por mecanismos similares, pero de forma incipiente.

Abstract Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that 2 billion people suffer from anemia, while pre-diabetes and diabetes affect approximately 352 and 460 million people, respectively. Anemia is a frequent complication in diabetes mellitus. Objective: To evaluate the association and probability of hemoglobin alterations in pre-diabetics and diabetics. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, the population was 1103 patients (211 prediabetics, 223 diabetics and 669 normoglycemics), the sample was the total population that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: normoglycemic and prediabetic adults without presence of acute or chronic disease at the time of examination. The association between variables was performed using the chi-square test and the probability was determined by the Odds Ratio test. Results: Pre-diabetic women had a 1.72 higher probability of anemia than non-diabetic women. Pre-diabetic men were 2.80 times more likely to have anemia than non-diabetics. Diabetic women were 2.37 times more likely to have anemia, while diabetic men were 4.41 times more likely than non-diabetic men to have anemia. Conclusions: Pre-diabetic patients are more likely to have anemia than non-diabetics. It is possible that persistent hyperglycemia in pre-diabetics is associated with changes in the concentration of this hemoprotein years before the development of diabetes by similar mechanisms, but in an incipient manner.

Resumo O acúmulo de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs, do inglês advanced glycation end-products) provoca comprometimento morfofuncional dos rins. Os níveis de AGEs podem ser estimados de forma não invasiva por autofluorescência da pele (sAF). Exploramos se a sAF elevada prediz desfechos renais em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). O estudo foi realizado como uma análise predefinida do Estudo Brasileiro sobre Diabetes, uma coorte prospectiva de centro único de adultos com DT2. Foram considerados os dados de 155 indivíduos acompanhados por até 1.716 dias. A incidência de eventos renais adversos maiores (MAKE, por sua sigla em inglês) foi de 9,6%. Indivíduos com sAF acima da mediana apresentaram maior incidência de MAKEs (4,6% vs. 21%; p = 0,002), com HR de 3,39 [IC 95%: 1,06–10,85; p = 0,040] após ajuste por idade e sexo. A alteração média da TFGe ajustada foi de 1,08 unidades (EP: 1,15; IC95%: –1,20, 3,37) no grupo de baixa sAF e de –5,19 unidades [EP: 1,93; IC95%: –9,10, –1,29] no grupo de elevada sAF (diferença entre sujeitos: F: 5,62; p = 0,019). O grupo sAF elevada apresentou maior prevalência de declínio rápido em comparação ao grupo sAF baixa (36,7% vs. 15,8%; p = 0,028). Em conclusão, a sAF elevada foi relacionada ao aumento da incidência de MAKEs e ao declínio mais rápido da TFGe entre indivíduos com DT2. Tal fato deve ser considerado pelos profissionais de saúde ao identificar indivíduos mais propensos a complicações renais relacionadas ao diabetes. AGEs, (AGEs endproducts end products end-products rins sAF. . (sAF) DT2 DT (DT2) Diabetes 15 1716 1 716 1.71 dias MAKE, MAKE (MAKE 96 9 6 9,6% 4,6% 46 4 (4,6 vs 21% 21 0,002, 0002 0,002 , 0 002 0,002) 339 3 39 3,3 IC 95% 95 1,06–10,85 1061085 06 10 85 0,040 0040 040 sexo 108 08 1,0 EP (EP 1,15 115 IC95% IC95 120 20 –1,20 3,37 337 37 519 5 19 –5,1 [EP 1,93 193 93 910 –9,10 –1,29 129 29 diferença sujeitos F 5,62 562 62 0,019. 0019 0,019 019 0,019) 36,7% 367 36 7 (36,7 15,8% 158 8 0,028. 0028 0,028 028 0,028) conclusão (sAF (DT2 171 71 1.7 9,6 4,6 (4, 000 0,00 00 33 3, 1,06–10,8 106108 0,04 004 04 1, 1,1 11 IC9 12 –1,2 51 –5, 1,9 91 –9,1 5,6 56 001 0,01 01 36,7 (36, 15,8 0,02 02 (DT 17 1. 9, 4, (4 0,0 1,06–10, 10610 –1, –5 –9, 5, 36, (36 15, ( 0, 1,06–10 1061 –1 – –9 (3 1,06–1 106 1,06– 1,06

Abstract The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) elicits morphofunctional kidney impairment. AGEs levels can be noninvasively estimated by skin autofluorescence (SAF). We explored whether high SAF predicts kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. The study was conducted as a predefined analysis of the Brazilian Diabetes Study, a prospective single-center cohort of T2D adults. Data from 155 individuals followed for up to 1716 days were considered. The incidence of major adverse kidney events (MAKE) was 9.6%. Individuals with above-median SAF had a higher incidence of MAKEs (4.6% vs. 21%; p = 0.002), with an HR of 3.39 [95% CI: 1.06–10.85; p = 0.040] after adjustment by age and gender. The mean adjusted eGFR change was 1.08 units (SE: 1.15; 95%CI: –1.20, 3.37) in the low SAF and –5.19 units [SE: 1.93; 95%CI: –9.10, –1.29] in the high SAF groups (between-subject difference: F: 5.62, p = 0.019). The high-SAF group had a greater prevalence of rapid decliners than the low-SAF group (36.7% vs. 15.8%; p = 0.028). In conclusion, high SAF was related to increased incidence of MAKEs and faster decline in eGFR among T2D subjects. This should be considered by healthcare providers when identifying individuals more prone to diabetes-related kidney complications. endproducts end products (AGEs impairment SAF. . (SAF) TD T D (T2D Study singlecenter single center adults 15 171 MAKE (MAKE 96 9 6 9.6% abovemedian above median 4.6% 46 4 (4.6 vs 21% 21 0.002, 0002 0.002 , 0 002 0.002) 339 3 39 3.3 95% 95 [95 CI 1.06–10.85 1061085 1 06 10 85 0.040 0040 040 gender 108 08 1.0 SE (SE 1.15 115 95%CI 95CI 120 20 –1.20 3.37 337 37 519 5 19 –5.1 [SE 1.93 193 93 910 –9.10 –1.29 129 29 betweensubject between subject difference F 562 62 5.62 0.019. 0019 0.019 019 0.019) highSAF lowSAF 36.7% 367 36 7 (36.7 15.8% 158 8 0.028. 0028 0.028 028 0.028) conclusion subjects diabetesrelated complications (SAF 17 9.6 4.6 (4. 000 0.00 00 33 3. [9 1.06–10.8 106108 0.04 004 04 1. 1.1 11 12 –1.2 51 –5. 1.9 91 –9.1 56 5.6 001 0.01 01 36.7 (36. 15.8 0.02 02 9. 4. (4 0.0 [ 1.06–10. 10610 –1. –5 –9. 5. 36. (36 15. ( 0. 1.06–10 1061 –1 – –9 (3 1.06–1 106 1.06– 1.06

Abstract Background: Tillandsia recurvata collected in San Luis Potosí does not have studies focused on its use as an adjuvant in treating diabetes mellitus. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Will Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) have antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo? Studied species: Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) Study site and dates: T. recurvata was collected in Guadalcázar municipality, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in December 2021. Methods: The antidiabetic potential of Tillandsia recurvata methanol extract (TRM) was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models, and its secondary metabolite content was analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Results demonstrate that extract reduces blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in vivo. In addition, in vitro tests showed that extract diminished the formation of advanced glycation end products, methylglyoxal concentrations, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified several compounds in the extract, including 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, 3',5' dimethoxyacetophenone, pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, phytol, margaric acid, oleamide, cis-11-eicosenamide, stearic acid, 13-docosenamide, (Z), campesterol, and β-sitosterol. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of T. recurvata collected in San Luis Potosi as an adjuvant in treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Resumen Antecedentes: Tillandsia recurvata colectada en San Luis Potosí, no cuenta con estudios enfocados a su uso como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae), tendrá actividad antidiabética in vitro e in vivo? Especies de estudio: Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) Sitio y años de estudio: T. recurvata fue colectada en el municipio de Guadalcazar, San Luis Potosí, México, en diciembre 2021. Métodos: Se evaluó el potencial antidiabético del extracto de metanol de Tillandsia recurvata (TRM) en modelos in vitro e in vivo y se realizó un perfilamiento de los metabolitos secundarios presentes mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que el extracto reduce eficazmente los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol en sangre in vivo. Además, las pruebas in vitro indican que el extracto reduce la formación de productos finales de glicación avanzada, así como la concentración de metilglioxal y los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada. El análisis por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas identificó varios compuestos presentes en el extracto, incluidos: 2-metilbenzaldehído, 4-hidroxi-2-metilacetofenona, 3',5'-dimetoxiacetofenona, ácido pentanóico, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, fitol, ácido margárico, oleamida, cis- 11-Eicosenamida, ácido esteárico, 13-Docosenamida, (Z), campesterol y β-sitosterol. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos resaltan el potencial de T. recurvata recolectada en San Luis Potosí como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus, debido a sus propiedades antidiabéticas.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte–monocyte ratio, and platelet–lymphocyte ratios calculated in the first trimester as inflammatory markers in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis. METHODS: This study was conducted retrospectively at a tertiary center between January 2020 and June 2023. A total of 111 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 378 pregnant women in the control group were included in the study. Systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte–monocyte ratio, and platelet–lymphocyte ratios values were compared between the gestational diabetes mellitus group patients and the healthy group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis curve was used for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus using systemic immune-inflammation index and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio. RESULTS: In pregnant women in the first trimester, systemic immune-inflammation index and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio values based on routine complete blood count parameters were found to be statistically significantly higher in gestational diabetes mellitus patients compared to healthy patients, while neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratios values were found to be similar (p=0.033, p=0.005, p=0.211, and p=0.989). For predicting gestational diabetes mellitus, a cut-off value of 655.75 for systemic immune-inflammation index resulted in 80.2% sensitivity and 34.4% specificity, and a cut-off value of 3.62 for lymphocyte–monocyte ratio resulted in 56.8% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity, indicating good discriminatory ability. CONCLUSION: We believe that systemic immune-inflammation index and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio values measured in the first-trimester complete blood count parameters are effective in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus but are not effective in determining insulin requirement. OBJECTIVE immuneinflammation immune inflammation neutrophillymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte lymphocytemonocyte monocyte plateletlymphocyte platelet diagnosis METHODS 202 2023 11 37 RESULTS p=0.033, p0033 p 0 033 (p=0.033 p0005 005 p=0.005 p0211 211 p=0.211 p=0.989. p0989 p=0.989 . 989 p=0.989) cutoff cut off 65575 655 75 655.7 802 80 2 80.2 344 34 4 34.4 specificity 362 3 62 3.6 568 56 8 56.8 632 63 63.2 ability CONCLUSION firsttrimester requirement 20 1 p=0.033 p003 03 (p=0.03 p000 00 p=0.00 p021 21 p=0.21 p098 p=0.98 98 6557 65 7 655. 80. 34. 36 6 3. 5 56. 63. p=0.03 p00 (p=0.0 p=0.0 p02 p=0.2 p09 p=0.9 9 p0 (p=0. p=0. (p=0 p=0 (p= p= (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the role of serum glucose–potassium ratio in predicting inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients. METHODS: This study used data from the MORtality in CORonary Care Units in Turkey study, a national, observational, multicenter study that included all patients admitted to coronary care units between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. Statistical analyses assessed the independent predictors of mortality. Two models were created. Model 1 included age, history of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Model 2 included glucose–potassium ratio in addition to these variables. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to compare Model 1 and Model 2 to identify if the glucose–potassium ratio is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality. RESULTS: In a study of 3,157 patients, the mortality rate was 4.3% (n=137). Age (p=0.002), female gender (p=0.004), mean blood pressure (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (p=0.002), white blood cell (p=0.002), and glucose–potassium ratio (p<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of mortality through multivariate regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that Model 2 had a statistically higher area under the curve than Model 1 (area under the curve 0.842 vs area under the curve 0.835; p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the inhospital mortality and glucose–potassium ratio (OR 1.015, 95%CI 1.006–1.024, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the glucose–potassium ratio may be a significant predictor of inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients. OBJECTIVE glucosepotassium glucose potassium METHODS national observational 2022 30 created age failure disease hypertension mellitus variables RESULTS 3157 3 157 3,15 43 4 4.3 n=137. n137 n n=137 . 137 (n=137) p=0.002, p0002 p p=0.002 , 0 002 (p=0.002) p=0.004, p0004 p=0.004 004 (p=0.004) p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 001 Creactive C reactive (p<0.001 0842 842 0.84 0.835 0835 835 p<0.001. p<0.001) OR 1015 015 1.015 95CI CI 95 10061024 006 024 1.006–1.024 CONCLUSION 202 315 15 3,1 4. n13 n=13 13 (n=137 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 (p=0.004 p<0.00 (p<0.00 084 84 0.8 0.83 083 83 101 01 1.01 9 1006102 02 1.006–1.02 20 31 3, n1 n=1 (n=13 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 08 8 0. 10 1.0 100610 1.006–1.0 n= (n=1 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0. 1. 10061 1.006–1. (n= p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0 1006 1.006–1 (n p= (p=0 p< (p< 100 1.006– (p= (p 1.006 1.00

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate serum Metrnl levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and compare them with pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The gestational diabetes mellitus group consisted of 87 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, and the control group consisted of 93 healthy pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus. Serum Metrnl levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of demographic features. The median serum Metrnl level was found to be 1.16 ng/mL in the gestational diabetes mellitus group, while it was determined as 2.2 ng/mL in the control group (p=0.001). The two groups were divided into two subgroups based on participants’ body mass index, normal weight and overweight. The lowest median Metrnl level was detected in the normal weight gestational diabetes mellitus group, followed by the overweight gestational diabetes mellitus group, normal weight control group, and overweight control group (1.1, 1.2, 2, and 2.4 ng/mL, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to determine the value of the serum Metrnl level in terms of predicting gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the curve analysis of serum Metrnl for gestational diabetes mellitus estimation was 0.768 (p=0.000, 95%CI 0.698–0.839). The optimal cutoff value for serum Metrnl level was determined as 1.53 ng/mL with 69% sensitivity and 70% specificity. CONCLUSION: Serum Metrnl levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were found to be significantly lower than in pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms underlying the decrease in serum Metrnl levels in gestational diabetes mellitus remain unclear for now, and future studies will reveal the role of Metrnl in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE METHODS 8 9 enzymelinked enzyme linked method RESULTS features 116 1 16 1.1 ngmL ng mL 22 2 2. p=0.001. p0001 p p=0.001 . 0 001 (p=0.001) participants index 1.1, 11 (1.1 12 1.2 24 4 respectively. respectively respectively) 0768 768 0.76 p=0.000, p0000 000 (p=0.000 95CI CI 95 0.698–0.839. 06980839 0.698–0.839 698 839 0.698–0.839) 153 53 1.5 69 70 specificity CONCLUSION now 1. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 (1. 076 76 0.7 p=0.000 (p=0.00 0698083 0.698–0.83 83 15 5 6 7 p00 p=0.0 (1 07 0. (p=0.0 069808 0.698–0.8 p0 p=0. ( (p=0. 06980 0.698–0. p=0 (p=0 0698 0.698–0 p= (p= 069 0.698– (p 06 0.698 0.69 0.6

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor is known to induce endothelial cell migration and proliferation, increase vascular permeability, and modulate thrombogenicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the VEGF insertion/deletion (I/D) variant (rs35569394) and coronary artery disease susceptibility in the Turkish population. METHODS: A total of 206 subjects, including 106 coronary artery disease patients and 100 controls, were included in this study. The VEGF I/D variant was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: The frequency of the I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes was 35.84 versus 37%, 33.97 versus 36%, and 30.19 versus 27% in patients and the control group, respectively. VEGF I/D genotype and allele distribution were not statistically significant between coronary artery disease patients and controls (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between VEGF I/D genotype distribution and patient characteristics including age, gender, disease duration, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, and smoking (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the VEGF I/D variant is not a predisposing factor to coronary artery disease disease in a Turkish sample. OBJECTIVE worldwide proliferation permeability thrombogenicity insertiondeletion insertion deletion ID I D (I/D rs35569394 rs (rs35569394 population METHODS 20 subjects 10 method RESULTS II I/I DD 3584 35 84 35.8 37 37% 3397 33 97 33.9 36 36% 3019 30 19 30.1 27 group respectively p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 0 05 (p>0.05) age gender duration highdensity high density cholesterol lowdensity low triglyceride hypertension mellitus CONCLUSION sample rs3556939 (rs3556939 2 1 358 3 8 35. 339 9 33. 301 30. p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 rs355693 (rs355693 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 rs35569 (rs35569 p>0 (p>0. rs3556 (rs3556 p> (p>0 rs355 (rs355 (p> rs35 (rs35 (p rs3 (rs3 (rs

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, causing a systemic inflammatory state that can affect the healing of periapical lesions present in apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by an endodontic infection whose development is regulated by the host’s immune response. Diabetes could interact with apical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation, being able to affect the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfering with healing after endodontic treatment. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the presence and severity of apical periodontitis of endodontic origin. Articles were collected from the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases between the years 2016 and 2021. 31 relevant articles were included for this study. In 41.6% of the studies a greater presence of apical periodontitis was found in patients with diabetes associated with a more complex and compromised apical lesion. 25% of the studies reported that poorly controlled diabetic patients had a greater presence of apical periodontitis. 25% of the studies reported high levels of HbA1c in association with apical periodontitis. A relationship was found between diabetes and apical periodontitis, which means diabetes should be considered as an important preoperative factor in the development and severity of apical periodontitis; however, more standardized experimental studies should be carried out to determine this relationship more accurately, in addition to being able to investigate a bidirectionality between the two.

Resumen La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica que se caracteriza por tener un aumento en los niveles de glucemia, causando un estado inflamatorio sistémico que puede afectar la cicatrización de las lesiones periapicales presentes en la periodontitis apical, una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica causada por una infección endodóntica cuyo desarrollo está regulado por la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped. La diabetes podría interactuar con la periodontitis apical al desencadenar la modulación inmunitaria, pudiendo afectar la respuesta clínica de las lesiones periapicales e interferir con la cicatrización después del tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es analizar la evidencia respecto a la relación entre la diabetes mellitus y la presencia y severidad de la periodontitis apical de origen endodóntico. Se recopilaron artículos de las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science entre los años 2016 y 2021. Se eligieron 31 artículos pertinentes para el estudio. En el 41,6% de los estudios se encontró una mayor presencia de periodontitis apical en pacientes con diabetes asociada a una lesión apical más compleja y comprometida. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que los pacientes diabéticos mal controlados presentan mayor presencia de periodontitis apical. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que niveles altos de HbA1c se asocian a la presencia de periodontitis apical. Se encontró una relación entre la diabetes y la periodontitis apical, por lo que la diabetes debe ser considerada como un factor preoperatorio importante en el desarrollo y severidad de la periodontitis apical, sin embargo, se deben realizar estudios experimentales más estandarizados para poder determinar con mayor exactitud esta relación, además de poder indagar la bidireccionalidad entre ambos.

The main aim of this article is to provide a practical diagnostic approach to phenocopies of Huntington disease (HD). These are defined as conditions characterized by a phenotype similar to HD but with no pathogenic repeat expansion in the HTT gene. Their frequency ranges from 2% to 40% depending on ethnicity and geographic location. The most frequent genetic causes are Huntington Disease-like 2/JHP3, followed by spinocerebellar ataxia genes (SCA17/TBP, SCA12/PPP2R2B and SCA3/ATXN3, CACNA1A), and frontotemporal dementia genes (C9orf72, and VCP). There is current recognition that a growing number of acquired causes can mimic HD. Autoimmune causes such as primary antiphospholipid syndrome, paraneoplastic chorea, and anti-IGLON5 antibodies, as well as stroke, and diabetes mellitus type 2 complications are the leading acquired causes of HD phenocopies. Finally, we provide practical recommendations on how to approach HD phenocopies considering age at onset, ethnicity, and geographic location of individuals.