Abstract: Digital mammogram plays a key role in breast cancer screening, with microcalcifications being an important indicator of an early stage. However, these injuries are difficult to detect. In this paper, we propose a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for detecting microcalcifications clusters in digital mammograms. The architecture comprises two convolutional layers with 6 and 16 filters of 9×9, respectively at a full scale, a global pooling layer that eliminates the flattening and dense layers, and a sigmoid function as the output layer for binary classification. To train the model, we utilize the public INbreast database of digital mammograms with labeled microcalcification clusters. We used data augmentation techniques to artificially increase the training set. Furthermore, we present a case study that encompasses the utilization of a software application. After training, the resulting model yielded an accuracy of 99.3% with only 8,301 parameters. This represents a considerable parameter reduction as compared to the 67,797,505 used in MobileNetV2 with 99.8 % accuracy.

Abstract The study and understanding of the concepts related to critical state soil mechanics is relatively recent in Brazil, especially among practicing geotechnical engineers in the mining industry, where simpler solutions were traditionally adopted. This raises the necessity to develop studies capable of promoting discussions about the benefits of the approaches from the critical state theory. In this context, this research aims to evaluate the behavior of an iron ore tailings from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero through critical state computational models, considering the Modified Cam-Clay and NorSand model. The numerical results from the use of the models simulated the ductile/brittle behavior of the material in drained shear and it was observed that for loose samples both models produced similar results. The simulations in undrained shear, on the other hand, highlighted the differences between the models, with the NorSand showing a strength loss in undrained shear (strain-softening) whereas the Modified Cam-Clay Model exhibited a ductile behavior. In general, the NorSand model was the one that presented the best numerical response in relation to the experimental behavior, which may be linked to the use of the largest number of parameters, to the concept that particulate materials exist in a set of states and the silty characteristic of the material. Additionally, it was observed the difficulty to simulate the dense behavior of materials with the model, which may be associated with the formation of ‘shear bands’ during the experimental test and the complexity of modeling the occurrence of this phenomenon in virtual tests using the NorSand model. Brazil industry adopted theory context CamClay Cam Clay ductilebrittle brittle hand strainsoftening strain softening (strain-softening general parameters Additionally bands

Abstract Aim This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Peri Lagoon, a coastal freshwater lagoon in Brazil. Methods Ichthyoplankton samples were collected every two months from June 2008 to April 2010 with 500 µm conical-cylindrical planktonic nets at five sampling stations. Results In total, 181 fish eggs and 1,315 larvae, representing estuarine and freshwater species, were captured. The most representative species were Awaous tajasica, Ctenogobius sp1, and Platanichthys platana. Significant differences were found in temporal egg distribution and larval spatiotemporal distribution (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Eggs were predominantly captured during the autumn, winter, and spring Neotropical seasons. Geospatial analysis demonstrated spatial segregation in the distribution of larval assemblages, with higher abundances in areas adjacent to riparian forests, following stream mouths, and deeper areas with rocky substrates. Conclusions Proximity to streams and areas surrounded by dense forests is crucial for the spawning and development of fish species in the Peri Lagoon. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the conservation of the ichthyofauna in this unique environment. Lagoon Brazil 200 201 50 conicalcylindrical conical cylindrical stations total 18 1315 1 315 1,31 larvae tajasica sp1 sp platana KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis test 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) autumn winter seasons assemblages mouths substrates environment 20 5 131 31 1,3 00 0.0 2 13 3 1, 0.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal do ictioplâncton na lagoa do Peri, uma lagoa costeira de água doce no Brasil. Método s: O ictioplâncton foi coletado bimestralmente de junho de 2008 a abril de 2010 com redes cônico-cilíndricas planctônicas de 500 µm em cinco estações de amostragem. Resultados Neste estudo, foram capturados 181 ovos e 1.316 larvas de peixes de espécies estuarinas e de água doce. As espécies mais representativas foram Awaous tajasica, Ctenogobius sp1 e Platanichthys platana. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis (H) indicou que existem diferenças significativas na distribuição temporal dos ovos e na distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas (p<0,05). Em geral, os ovos foram capturados durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera na Região Neotropical. A relevância do fator geoespacial mostrou segregação espacial na assembleia de larvas. As larvas foram capturadas em ambientes cercados por mata ciliar, próximo à foz de córregos, em áreas mais profundas com fundo rochoso. Conclusões Regiões próximas a córregos e cercadas por florestas densas parecem ser essenciais para a desova e desenvolvimento de espécies de peixes na lagoa do Peri. Este estudo pode orientar importantes diretrizes ambientais para a preservação da ictiofauna desse ambiente intocado e particular. Peri Brasil s 200 201 cônicocilíndricas cônico cilíndricas 50 amostragem 18 1316 1 316 1.31 tajasica sp platana KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis H (H espaçotemporal espaço p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 (p<0,05) geral outono Neotropical ciliar rochoso particular 20 5 131 31 1.3 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 2 13 3 1. p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Soil fauna organisms participate in a series of processes that benefit the physical and chemical soil properties; however, little is known about their spatial variability and scale. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability of soil fauna from multifractal and joint multifractal analysis in Brazilian Savanna areas. Pitfall traps collected soil fauna in two Savanna formations (dense Savanna and typical Savanna) in two transects with 128 points. Organisms were identified and classified into functional groups (Microphages, Pollinators, Predators and Social), and then Ind trap−1 day−1 (number of individuals per day in the sample) and Richness were determined. Data were analyzed using multifractal and joint multifractal analysis, and the scale indexes f(α,β) were generated for the singularity indexes of α(q,t) and β(q,t), considering Ind trap−1 day−1 and Richness as predictive variables. A total of 3456 and 1629 individuals were collected from T1 (dense Savanna) and T2 (typical Savanna), respectively. The singularity spectrum for soil fauna showed the greatest difference in dimensions D−10–D10 for the functional group Pollinator (D−10–D10 = 0.936) in T1 and for Social (D−10–D10 = 0.620) in T2, reflecting more heterogeneous systems. The joint multifractal dimension showed a high correlation between Ind trap−1 day−1 and the functional groups (Pollinators, Predators, and Social) in T1, demonstrating how phytophysiognomy of this experimental plot (dense Savanna) favors the presence of these organisms and reflects the spatial correspondence of the measurement values along the geometric support. Abundance of organisms (Ind trap−1 day−1) and Richness were promising variables to represent the set of relationships with the functional groups of soil invertebrate fauna. In general, multifractal analysis using abundance and Richness can assist in decision-making focused on conserving Savanna areas. properties however areas dense 12 points Microphages, Microphages (Microphages Pollinators Social, , trap1 trap 1 trap− day1 day− number sample determined fα,β fαβ f α,β α β f(α,β αq,t αqt q,t q t α(q,t βq,t, βqt β(q,t) 345 162 T Savanna, respectively D10D10 DD D 10 D10 D−10–D1 (D−10–D1 0.936 0936 0 936 0.620 0620 620 systems (Pollinators support general decisionmaking decision making fα αβ αq qt βq βq,t β(q,t 34 16 D10D1 D1 D−10–D (D−10–D 0.93 093 93 0.62 062 62 3 D10D 0.9 09 9 0.6 06 6 0.

RESUMEN Contexto: Los pólipos son masas protuberantes que crecen a lo largo del tracto intestinal y se consideran los principales precursores del cáncer de colon. En las etapas tempranas, la detección de pólipos representa una probabilidad de supervivencia de hasta el 93%, mientras que, en otras etapas, esta probabilidad disminuye hasta el 8%. A pesar de que la colonoscopia es el método más efectivo para detectar pólipos, varios estudios han demostrado una tasa de pérdida de hasta el 26% en la detección pólipos. Las herramientas computacionales han surgido como una alternativa para soportar la detección y localización de pólipos, pero varios problemas siguen abiertos debido a la alta variabilidad de los mismos. Método: Este trabajo introduce una estrategia computacional que produce mapas de atención visual con la localización más probable de los pólipos para generar alarmas y apoyar la tarea de detección. Cada fotograma de colonoscopia se descompone en un conjunto de características profundas extraídas de arquitecturas preentrenadas. Dichas características se codifican en una representación densa de Hough para obtener una plantilla del pólipo, que posteriormente se propaga en cada fotograma para obtener los mapas de atención visual. Las regiones máximas son proyectadas a la colonoscopia para dibujar las regiones sospechosas de pólipo. Resultados: La estrategia propuesta fue evaluada en los conjuntos de datos ASU-Mayo Clinic y CVC-Video Clinic, reportando una exactitud de 70% de detección entre las cuatro regiones más probables, mientras que con diez regiones se tiene un 80%. Conclusiones: Los mapas de atención obtenidos destacan las regiones más probables con pólipos. El enfoque propuesto puede ser útil para apoyar el análisis de la colonoscopia.

ABSTRACT Context: Polyps are protruding masses that grow along the intestinal tract and are considered to be the main precursors of colorectal cancer. In early stages, polyp detection represents a survival probability of up to 93%, whereas, for other stages, this probability can decrease to 8%. Despite the fact that colonoscopy is the most effective method to detect polyps, several studies have shown a loss rate of up to 26% in detecting polyps. Computer tools have emerged as an alternative to support polyp detection and localization, but various problems remain open due to their high variability. Method: This work introduces a computational strategy that produces visual attention maps with the most probable location of polyps to generate alarms and support detection procedures. Each colonoscopy frame is decomposed into a set of deep features extracted from pre-trained architectures. Such features are encoded into a dense Hough representation in order to obtain a polyp template, which is then propagated in each frame to obtain a visual attention map. The maximum regions are back-projected to the colonoscopy in order to draw suspicious polyp regions. Results: The proposed strategy was evaluated in the ASU-Mayo Clinic and CVC-Video Clinic datasets, reporting a detection accuracy of 70% among the four most probable regions, while ten regions yielded 80%. Conclusions: The obtained attention maps highlight the most probable regions with suspicious polyps. The proposed approach may be useful to support colonoscopy analysis.

Abstract In order to solve the problem of difficult and slow identification of jujube defects, a convolutional neural network model based on boosted EfficientNetv2 was proposed by taking the dry, cracked, broken and normal jujube in jujube as the research object. First, optimize the model structure, and set of the first Fused_MBConv in EfficientNetv2 3*3 convolution improved to parallel 1*1 convolution, 3*3 convolution and two serial 3*3 convolution. With reference to the CSPNet idea, one part of the convolved feature map in the MBConv module is directly spliced across channels, the other part is output through the dense block through the transition layer, and then spliced with the feature map in the first part; Then, the original Swish activation function is replaced by the optimal FReLU activation function; Finally, the Coordinate Attention module is introduced to embed the position information into the channel attention to optimize the model. The experimental results showed that the recognition rates of dry jujube, cracked jujube, broken jujube and normal jujube were 95.32%, 98.79%, 98.19% and 97.81% respectively, and the average recognition rate was 97.39%. Compared with other algorithms, the model has faster speed and higher recognition accuracy for defective jujube. defects EfficientNetv object First structure FusedMBConv Fused 33 3 3* 11 1 1* idea channels layer Then Finally 9532 95 32 95.32% 9879 98 79 98.79% 9819 19 98.19 9781 97 81 97.81 respectively 9739 39 97.39% algorithms 953 9 95.32 987 7 98.79 981 98.1 978 8 97.8 973 97.39 95.3 98.7 98. 97. 97.3 95.

Abstract The cocoa cabruca is as an agroforestry system with a density of trees equal to or greater than twenty individuals of native species per hectare cultivated in association with native or exotic trees in a discontinuous and random way in the Atlantic Forest biome.It is difficult to separate areas of cabruca cacao from the Dense Ombrophilous Forest by existing satellite imaging techniques.The study was developed in the southern region of Bahia, on two properties in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Uruçuca.The image processing methodology involved the Agisoft Photoscan software, with the multiresolution algorithm, the analysis of digital image data was performed to extract the objects and with the Feature Space Optimization tool, the set of variables that presented the best separation between land use classes.The use of UAVs was effective in classifying the mapped areas, and its use was proposed as an auxiliary tool in the application of the Decree. biomeIt biome It techniquesThe techniques Bahia UruçucaThe Uruçuca software algorithm classesThe classes Decree

Abstract One century after the first drive tour to detect the effects of urbanization on the local climate (Vienna, Austria, 1927; Karlsruhe, Germany, 1929), the method is still valid, as evidenced by recent research mentioned throughout this article. This method was applied in two data recording campaigns in eastern Mexico: June to September 2012 in a coastal city (Coatzacoalcos, 320 thousand inhabitants) and August to November 2018 in a mountainous site (Emiliano Zapata, 20 thousand inhabitants). In both campaigns, the urban heat island (ICU, for its acronym in Spanish) was detected within the urban canopy, whose intensity depended on the type of surface and the dominant atmospheric circulation systems at the time of data recording. The peak ICU intensity at the coastal site is 8.7 °C in the daytime and 3 °C at night, while it is up to 1.9 °C at the mountainous site. The tours included the urban area and its periphery, with temperature recorded at points representative of the different surfaces or land uses. Gasoline motor vehicles were used. The data recording equipment was calibrated before the campaigns and installed as far away from the engine as possible to avoid data biased by the heat emitted by the engine. Sensors were set to record data at 1-minute intervals. At each recording point, a 10-minute waiting time was allowed to stabilize sensors; then, the temperature corresponding to minute 10 was recorded. We used a HOBO U10-003 data logger in Coatzacoalcos and a Kestrel 4500 portable meteorological station in Emiliano Zapata. Data were recorded outside of the hours when minimum and maximum temperatures occur because around them it is impossible to identify a clear trend to nighttime or evening cooling or morning warming - a trend necessary to know to reproduce simultaneous thermal measurements. In both sites, the temperatures recorded were corrected according to the thermal trend during tours and altitudinal differences between recording points. Eighteen and ten tours were driven for coastal and mountainous sites, respectively. Various weather conditions were considered, for example, clear or partly cloudy skies prior to a cold front or a tropical wave. From the results, it is inferred that the type of surface, the meteorological events during data recording, and the size of the urban area are key factors determining ICU intensity. At the coastal site, an anticyclone seems to promote the development of the ICU, except for significant meteorological disturbances that induce a weak ICU (thermal differences less than 2 °C). Although the mountainous site, Emiliano Zapata, has an area and population 1:10 relative to the coastal site, it does have an ICU, with a higher temperature in the central urban area, compared to its surroundings where vegetated areas predominate. The average ICU intensity is weak, 1.5 ºC. It is worth mentioning that the analysis of atmospheric temperature alone is limited because multiple additional factors, such as wind, atmospheric humidity, and anthropogenic heat emissions, influence the ICU genesis and evolution. Based on the results and experience gathered in this study, we recommend continuing data recording efforts to extend the ICU study period and include other seasons of the year to have a more detailed characterization. While driving tours have proven to be a suitable method for ICU recording in urban areas, setting a relatively dense network of fixed rooftop stations may improve the analysis and yield at least two ICU detection levels (within the urban canopy through drive tours and above it by fixed stations). Infrared satellite images could supplement the analysis to represent the phenomenon at three levels: ground, canopy, and above-canopy.

Resumen A casi un siglo del primer recorrido en vehículo para detectar efectos de la urbanización en el clima local (Viena, Austria, 1927; Karlsruhe, Alemania, 1929) el método sigue vigente como lo evidencian investigaciones recientes. El presente trabajo recupera datos de temperatura atmosférica de dos campañas de mediciones mediante trayectos vehiculares en el oriente de México: de junio a septiembre de 2012 en una ciudad costera (Coatzacoalcos, 320 000 habitantes) y de agosto a noviembre de 2018 en un asentamiento montañoso (Emiliano Zapata, 20 000 habitantes). En ambas campañas se detectó la presencia de la isla de calor urbana, cuya intensidad resultó dependiente del tipo de superficie y de los sistemas de circulación atmosférica predominantes al momento de las mediciones. La intensidad máxima de la isla de calor urbana diurna en el sitio costero es de 8.7 °C y de 3 °C en el periodo nocturno, mientras que en el sitio montañoso fue de hasta 1.9 °C. También se mostró que la intensidad de ambas islas de calor urbana excede a lo estimado estadísticamente para ciudades de Latinoamérica en función de la población.

ABSTRACT Tillage is an important management tool for tackling and promoting water conservation and improving crop yield. As one of the important nutrients in plant growth, K is involved in important processes such as osmoregulation, photosynthesis and metabolite transport, and plays a particularly critical role in improving crop yield and quality. In the long-term positioning platform of the tillage method, a 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 2019-2020 in maize (Zea mays L.) Three tillage methods: conventional tillage (CT), subsoil tillage (ST), and no-tillage (NT) and two planting densities 6×104 (D1) and 9×104 plants ha-1 (D2) were set up in the experiment. The results showed that yield and K translocation efficiency (KTE) were significantly higher in NT than in CT at D1 (by 4.7% and 12.2%) and D2 (by 14.0% and 13.9%), respectively. At maturity stage in 2019, population DM accumulation after silking (DMA) was significantly higher in NT (by 11.0% and 16.9%) than in CT at D1 and D2. Correlation analysis revealed that yield was significantly positive correlated with ears (r = 0.57***) and DMA (r = 0.64***). Potassium translocation and K harvest index were positively correlated with KTE. Under spring drought year, the long-term no-tillage had a significant yield increase, mainly through the increase in 1000-kernel weight. The increase in K efficiency was mainly through the influence of DM accumulation and distribution, and K accumulation in grain.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações de escala de artrópodes do solo e da estrutura da vegetação de fitofisionomias de Cerrado. As parcelas experimentais foram alocadas em áreas com Cerrado denso (T1), Cerrado típico (T2) e Cerrado ralo (T3). A fauna edáfica foi coletada em 128 pontos, por meio de armadilhas de queda e a vegetação avaliada em subparcelas de 9 m2. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da estatística descritiva, geoestatística, análise multifractal e joint multifractal. Os artrópodes do solo e a estrutura de vegetação se ajustaram a um modelo geoestatístico, exceto, plantas arborescentes (T1), abundância de artrópodes (T2) e plantas arbóreas (T2), que apresentaram efeito pepita puro. As variáveis estudadas apresentaram diferentes graus de multifratalidade. Os gráficos da dimensão joint multifractal mostraram linhas circulares com altos valores de correlação conjunta para riqueza de artrópodes versus abundância dos estratos vegetais (r = -0,498), riqueza de artrópodes versus herbáceos (r = 0,323) e riqueza de artrópodes versus arbóreo (r = 0,451) em T1. A fauna do solo foi influenciada pela composição dos estratos arbóreos em maior ou menor grau. As parcelas com Cerrado denso (T1) e Cerrado ralo (T3) apresentaram a maior dependência espacial entre as amostras. A análise multifractal demonstrou que a parcela com Cerrado ralo (T3) foi o sistema com maior heterogeneidade de medida ao longo do suporte geométrico; enquanto a maior assimetria do espectro de singularidade foi descrita para a parcela com Cerrado denso (T1). A utilização de ferramentas de geoestatística e análise multifractal permitiu caracterizar as relações de escala entre as variáveis.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the scale relationships of soil arthropods and the vegetation structure of Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The experimental plots were set in areas with dense Cerrado (T1), typical Cerrado (T2), and sparse Cerrado (T3). The edaphic fauna was collected at 128 points through pitfall traps, and the vegetation was evaluated in subplots of 9 m2. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, geostatistics, multifractal analysis, and joint multifractal analysis. The soil arthropods and vegetation structure were adjusted to a geostatistical model, except for arborescent plants (T1) and arthropod abundance and arboreal plants (T2), which showed a pure nugget effect. The studied variables showed different degrees of multifractality. The graphs of joint multifractal dimension showed circular lines with high values of joint correlation for the pairs of arthropod richness versus the abundance of plant strata (r = -0.498), arthropod richness versus herbaceous plants (r = 0.323), and arthropod richness versus arboreal plants (r = 0.451) at T1. The soil fauna was influenced by the composition of the plant strata. The plots with dense Cerrado (T1) and sparse Cerrado (T3) showed the greatest spatial dependence between the samples. The multifractal analysis showed that the plot with sparse Cerrado (T3) had the greatest heterogeneity of measurement along the geometric support. In contrast, the greatest asymmetry of the singularity spectrum was described for the plot with dense Cerrado (T1). The use of geostatistical and multifractal analysis tools enabled us to characterize the scale relationships between the variables.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se configuram as relações de poder que regem corpos e condutas entre praticantes do BDSM erótico. Adota uma perspectiva foucaultiana, buscando ancorar a análise das práticas fetichistas sob o fulcro dos jogos e relações de poder. Metodologicamente, foram realizados observações, entrevistas e diário de campo. A análise do corpus de pesquisa baseou-se na análise enunciativa foucaultiana, evidenciando o rol de enunciados, práticas e regras de conduta que se articulam a uma densa trama de relações de poder entre os sujeitos praticantes. À guisa de conclusão, problematiza-se o grau de ruptura e reprodução da matriz sexual hegemônica vivenciado pelos praticantes. Além disso, destaca-se a importância para os Estudos Organizacionais de abarcar estudos sobre a multiplicidade das sexualidades dissidentes, em seu processo de luta e resistência.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze how the power relations that govern bodies and conduct among erotic BDSM practitioners are configured. It adopts a Foucauldian perspective in that it seeks to link its analysis of fetishistic practices to Foucault’s theories of power relations. Methodologically, field observation and interviews were carried out and a field diary was kept. The analysis of the research corpus was based on Foucault’s enunciative analysis, and it shows a set of statements, practices and rules of conduct that connect to a dense web of power relations between practicing subjects. By way of conclusion, their degree of rupture with and reproduction of the hegemonic sexual matrix is discussed. Finally, we emphasize the importance of Organizational Studies taking on further research into the multiplicity of dissident sexualities, in their process of struggle and resistance.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se configuran las relaciones de poder que rigen los cuerpos y comportamientos entre los practicantes del BDSM erótico. Adopta una perspectiva foucaultiana, buscando anclar el análisis de las prácticas fetichistas bajo el fulcro de los juegos y las relaciones de poder. Metodológicamente, se realizaron observaciones, entrevistas y un diario de campo. El análisis del corpus de investigación se basó en el análisis enunciativo foucaultiano, mostrando un listado de enunciados, prácticas y reglas de conducta que se articulan en una densa red de relaciones de poder entre sujetos practicantes. A modo de conclusión, se discute el grado de ruptura y reproducción de la matriz sexual hegemónica que experimentan los practicantes. Además, destaca la importancia de que los Estudios Organizacionales abarquen estudios sobre la multiplicidad de sexualidades disidentes, en su proceso de lucha y resistencia.

Abstract This article is the result of research carried out in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It analyses the relationships between the central epistemological definitions of gynaecology as a medical speciality, the clinical practices that take place in clinics and the corporealities of cis women. Gynaecology is a particularly dense speciality, constituted in the interweaving of multiple and heterogeneous processes such as state regulations, sex-gender regulations, circulation of different instruments and objects. The article analyses three “gynaecological condensations”: 1) The production of “women’s integral health” as a clinical object; 2) the modulation of cis-women’s bodily processes in “life cycles” organised in a reproductive key; 3) the normative effects of the preventive emphasis characteristic of gynaecology. Identified with Social Studies in Science and Technology, the methodological strategy consists of analysing a set of heterogeneous materials and the situated elaboration of categories.

Resumen El artículo es resultado de una investigación realizada en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se analizan las relaciones entre algunas definiciones epistemológicas centrales de la ginecología, prácticas clínicas que tienen lugar en los consultorios y las corporalidades de las mujeres cis. La ginecología es una especialidad particularmente densa, constituida en el entramado de procesos múltiples y heterogéneos como normativas estatales, regulaciones sexo-genéricas y circulación de distintos instrumentos y objetos. En el artículo se analizan tres “condensaciones ginecológicas”: 1) La producción de “la salud integral de la mujer” como objeto clínico; 2) la modulación de los procesos corporales de las mujeres cis en “ciclos vitales” organizados en clave reproductiva; 3) los efectos normativos del énfasis preventivo característico de la ginecología. Identificada con los Estudios Sociales en Ciencia y Tecnología, la estrategia metodológica consiste en analizar un conjunto de materiales heterogéneos y en la elaboración situada de categorías.

Abstract In this work, we propose a quality characterization of the structures arising in social networks, in terms of the homogeneity among the individuals belonging to those structures or groups. The proposed techniques are intended to be used in sparse networks, in which isolated groups of agents (clusters) emerge, but can be directly implemented for more dense networks, with communities are detected by any method. The group quality is quantified in terms of their inner similarity or homogeneity, based on a small set of TRUE/FALSE (belongs or not belongs to the category) categorical variables, known for all elements in the network, which were not used previously in the network definition, and also they are not necessarily disjoint. The methodology is to compare each group with what could be obtained if the connections were randomly assigned, to quantify each category’s presence in that group, but also taking into account that categories should not mix too much if they do not mix in the whole population. The specific application of these methodologies aims to take advantage of the network characterization, helping to make priority rankings in the investigation of missing people, because it gives connections, bonds, paths and nodes that to help to understand the operational framework of the last Argentinian civic and military dictatorship, in the Tucumán province.

Resumen En este trabajo se propone un método para caracterizar la calidad de las estructuras que surgen en redes de origen social, en términos de la homogeneidad de los agentes que integran esas estructuras o grupos. Las técnicas propuestas fueron pensadas para redes con pocas conexiones (sparse networks) en las que pueden determinarse grupos conectados entre sí y aislados del resto (los clusters de la red), aunque son inmediatamente extendibles a redes más densas, donde los grupos se determinan mediante métodos de detección de comunidades. Los grupos se evalúan de acuerdo con su similaridad u homogeneidad interna, con base en un conjunto pequeño de variables categóricas conocidas para todos los agentes de la red, del tipo TRUE/FALSE (pertenece o no a la categoría), que no fueron usadas en la definición de la red y que no necesariamente son disjuntas. Comparando cada grupo con lo esperado si las conexiones hubieran surgido por azar, podemos evaluar el grado en que la presencia de una categoría dentro de este, difiere de la aleatoriedad. Sin embargo, grupos con presencia fuerte de dos categorías que no se vinculan entre sí en la población completa no son considerados como aceptables. La aplicación específica de esta metodología busca caracterizar las relaciones relevantes en un sistema de individuos mediante redes y conocer las estructuras emergentes para ordenar prioridades en la investigación de personas desaparecidas, ya que brinda conexiones, vínculos, recorridos y nodos, que pueden facilitar la comprensión del contexto y modo en el que operó la última dictadura militar argentina, en la provincia de Tucumán.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise de redes de políticas públicas com foco na Política Nacional de Agricultura Familiar no Brasil. O estudo coletou dados por meio de análise documental, consultas orçamentárias e entrevistas, submetendo as informações obtidas a análise de conteúdo e, com isso, identificou a composição da rede de atores envolvidos na gestão da política, bem como as características das relações estabelecidas entre eles. Esse tipo de análise constitui interessante instrumento para os estudos de implementação e de avaliação de políticas públicas, na medida em que evidencia de que modo as características da interação entre atores podem afetar o alcance dos objetivos das políticas públicas. A rede da Política Nacional de Agricultura Familiar existente à época da pesquisa se mostrava densa em seu centro e flexível em suas margens, ou seja, era formada por um importante conjunto de atores atuando de modo concomitante em diversos programas e outro conjunto de atores atuando de modo mais pontual ou localizado. Porém, tanto no centro quanto nas margens, observou-se que diversos atores nem sempre são tão atuantes quanto seria esperado. Assim, com base no referencial teórico de análise de redes de políticas públicas, sugere-se que tal situação compromete o funcionamento da rede e o resultado das políticas subjacentes. Ademais, as características da rede estudada demonstram a importância do pacto federativo para o funcionamento da Política Nacional de Agricultura Familiar e mostram que os gestores subnacionais devem ter seus interesses e demandas efetivamente considerados para que os resultados almejados sejam atingidos.

Abstract This paper presents a public policy network analysis carried out on the Brazilian National Family Farming Policy. The study collected data through documentary review, budget consultations, and interviews, submitting the obtained information to content analysis. The results identified the constitution of the network of actors involved in policy management, as well as the characteristics of the relationships established among them. This type of analysis is an important instrument for studies on the implementation and evaluation of public policies, as it shows how the characteristics of interactions between actors can affect the success of public policies. The National Family Farming Policy network, at the time of the research, was dense at its center and flexible at its margins, meaning that it was formed by an important set of actors concurrently working in several programs and another set of more localized actors. Nonetheless, both at the center and at the margins, it was observed that several actors are not always as active as expected. Based on the public policy networks analysis theoretical framework, it is suggested that such a situation compromises the network’s functioning and the outcome of the underlying policies. Moreover, the network characteristics reinforce the importance of the federative pact for the functioning of family farming policy in Brazil and show that the interests and demands of subnational managers should be effectively considered to achieve the expected results.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis de redes de políticas públicas enfocado en la Política Nacional de Agricultura Familiar de Brasil. El estudio recolectó datos a través del análisis documental, consultas presupuestarias y entrevistas, sometió la información a análisis de contenido y, de esa manera, identificó la composición de la red de actores involucrados en la gestión de la política, así como las características de las relaciones establecidas entre ellos. Este tipo de análisis es un instrumento interesante para estudios de implementación y de evaluación de políticas públicas, ya que muestra cómo las características de interacción entre actores pueden afectar el logro de los objetivos de las políticas públicas. La red de la Política Nacional de Agricultura Familiar existente en el momento de la investigación era densa en su centro y flexible en sus márgenes, es decir, estaba formada por un conjunto de actores que operaban simultáneamente en varios programas y otro conjunto de actores que operaba de manera más puntual. Sin embargo, tanto en el centro como en los márgenes, se observó que varios actores no siempre fueron tan activos como se esperaba. Por lo tanto, con base en el marco teórico de análisis de redes de políticas públicas, se sugiere que esta situación compromete el funcionamiento de la red y el resultado de las políticas subyacentes. Además, las características de la red estudiada demuestran la importancia del pacto federativo para el funcionamiento de la Política de Agricultura Familiar brasileña y muestran que los intereses y demandas de los gestores subnacionales deben ser efectivamente considerados para lograr los resultados deseados.

Resumo A Floresta Nacional (FLONA) do Purus, situada no município de Pauiní-AM, apresenta elevado estado de conservação e uma população de aproximadamente mil habitantes. No entanto, a carência de estudos ambientais em escala adequada para o planejamento da gestão da FLONA torna imprescindíveis levantamentos que quantifiquem e qualifiquem o estoque de recursos, identifiquem a demanda comunitária e fundamentem técnicas de produção florestal sustentável. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição florística, a estrutura florestal e o potencial de manejo florestal de um trecho de floresta ombrófila densa de terra firme, localizado na Unidade de Manejo Florestal-1 (UMF-1) da Vila Céu do Mapiá, maior núcleo populacional da FLONA. Para tanto, foi realizado um inventário florestal por amostragem aleatória de 12 parcelas de 50x50m, sendo mensurados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm. Foi realizada a análise da composição florística, bem como utilizados os índices de diversidade Shannon-Wienere de equabilidade de Pielou, para avaliar a diversidade e uniformidade da comunidade. A análise da estrutura da floresta foi baseada nos valores absolutos e relativos de densidade, dominância, frequência, valor de importância e distribuição diamétrica, da área basal e estimativas volumétricas do povoamento. Foram registrados 1.764 indivíduos, pertencentes a 35 famílias botânicas, 91 gêneros, e 163 possíveis espécimes, ressaltando que menos de 40% (65) foram identificadas em nível de espécie. A UMF-1 caracteriza-se pela alta diversidade florística acumulada da comunidade arbórea amostral (H’= 4,10), poucas espécies dominantes (J = 0,81) e muitas espécies de baixa abundância. Das espécies comerciais utilizadas na comunidade, três figuram entre as dez espécies com maior valor de importância, em um total de 26 espécies comerciais possíveis de exploração sustentável.

Abstract Purus National Forest (PNF), located in the municipality of Pauiní, Amazonas state, Brazil, has a high conservation status and a population of about one thousand inhabitants. However, the scarcity of environmental studies in a suitable scale for the PNF management planning demands studies that quantify and qualify the stock of resources, that identify the community demand and set sustainable forest production techniques. Thus, the objective of the present work was to analyze the floristic composition, forest structure and the forest management potential of part of a “terra firme” dense ombrophylous forest located in the Forest Management Unit (UMF-1) of Céu do Mapiá village, the largest populational nucleus of PNF. To do so, a forest inventory was made, sampling in a block of 12 parcels of 50x50m, and all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured. The floristic composition was carried out and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou equability index were used to assess the biodiversity and the uniformity of the community. The structural forest analysis was based on the absolute and relative values of density, dominance, frequency, importance value and diameter distribution of the basal areas and volumetric estimates of the population. A total of 1,764 individuals, pertaining to 35 botanic families, 91 genera and 163 possible specimens were registered, emphasizing that less than 40% (65) were identified at the species level. The UMF-1 is characterized by the high floristic diversity (H’= 4.10), few dominant species (J = 0.81) and many species with low abundance. Out of the commercial species used by the community, three are among the ten species with the greatest importance value, a total of 26 possible commercial species of sustainable exploitation.