ABSTRACT The guinea pig is a South American rodent with a docile behavior that has been gaining popularity as a pet, increasing the search for specialized veterinary care for the species. In the clinical casuistry, about half of the visits are due to dermatological changes, among which fungal infections are uncommon. Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by the fungus of the genus Sporothrix, widely distributed in nature, which contaminates the host from the inoculation of the agent in lesions and mucous membranes and has been reported in several species of animals. Felines with access to the street are the main disseminators of the agent due to the behaviors of the species and can contaminate other animals and humans. The most evident clinical signs are crusted, exudative and difficult to heal lesions, requiring complementary tests such as PCR and culture to confirm the diagnosis. The specific treatment is time-consuming, using antifungal drugs such as itraconazole, which can be associated with topical treatment to aid healing. Given the difficulty of finding references about this zoonosis, it is difficult to obtain reliable data on the epidemiology of this disease. The present work describes the first report of sporotrichosis in guinea pig in Brazil, the complementary examinations that resulted in the definitive diagnosis and the effective therapeutic response, to contribute to possible work and research. pet casuistry changes uncommon Sporothrix nature humans crusted timeconsuming, timeconsuming time consuming, consuming time-consuming itraconazole healing disease Brazil response research

RESUMO O porquinho-da-índia é um roedor sul-americano de comportamento dócil que vem ganhando popularidade como pet, aumentando a busca por atendimento veterinário especializado para a espécie. Na casuística clínica, cerca da metade dos atendimentos ocorre em razão de alterações dermatológicas, entre as quais são comuns as infecções fúngicas. A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada pelo fungo do gênero Sporothrix, distribuído amplamente na natureza, que contamina o hospedeiro a partir da inoculação do agente em lesões e mucosas e foi relatado em várias espécies de animais. Felinos com acesso à rua são os principais disseminadores do agente devido aos comportamentos da espécie, podendo contaminar outros animais e os seres humanos. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes são lesões crostosas, exsudativas e de difícil cicatrização, sendo necessária a realização de exames complementares, como PCR e cultura, para a confirmação do diagnóstico. O tratamento específico é demorado, utilizando-se antifúngico como o itraconazol, o qual ser associado a tratamento tópico para auxiliar na cicatrização. Diante da dificuldade de achar referências a respeito dessa zoonose, torna-se difícil a obtenção de dados confiáveis acerca da epidemiologia dessa doença. O presente trabalho descreve o primeiro relato de ocorrência de esporotricose em porquinho-da-índia no Brasil, os exames complementares que resultaram no diagnóstico definitivo e a obtenção da resposta terapêutica eficaz, a fim de contribuir para eventuais trabalhos e pesquisas. porquinhodaíndia porquinho índia sulamericano sul americano pet espécie clínica dermatológicas fúngicas Sporothrix natureza humanos crostosas cicatrização cultura demorado utilizandose utilizando se itraconazol tornase torna doença Brasil eficaz pesquisas

Abstract The aim of this study was to record Centrorhynchus sp. associated with the exotic species Aquarana catesbeiana (bullfrog) in southern Brazil and to present a checklist of vertebrate hosts in South America. Twenty-nine adults and juveniles of A. catesbeiana were collected in Capão do Leão, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between October 2019 and December 2020. We found 275 specimens of Centrorhynchus sp. cystacanths in the stomach musculature and coelomic cavity of 55.1% of hosts (16). There was no significant differences in the prevalence and mean intensity of infection with cystacanths when compared males and females of A. catesbeiana. The prevalence was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles. The checklist presents 106 species of vertebrate hosts and 14 taxa of Centrorhynchus recorded in nine South American countries. Avian were the main definitive hosts of Centrorhynchus spp. and snakes Dipsadidae, anurans Hylidae and Leptodactylidae the main paratenic hosts in South America. This is the first record of Centrorhynchus cystacanths in A. catesbeiana in the South America. The study provides tools to help understand the parasitic relationships between species of Centrorhynchus and A. catesbeiana and other hosts in areas where bullfrog have been introduced. sp (bullfrog America Twentynine Twenty A Leão Sul 201 2020 27 551 55 1 55.1 16. 16 . (16) 10 countries spp Dipsadidae introduced 20 202 2 5 55. (16 (1 (

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi registrar Centrorhynchus sp. associado à exótica A. catesbeiana, no extremo sul do Brasil, e apresentar uma checklist de hospedeiros vertebrados na América do Sul. Vinte e nove adultos e juvenis de A. catesbeiana foram coletados em Capão do Leão, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre outubro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020. Foram encontrados 275 cistacantos de Centrorhynchus sp. na musculatura do estômago e na cavidade celômica de 55,1% dos hospedeiros (16). Não houve diferença significativa na prevalência e intensidade média de infecção de cistacantos entre machos e fêmeas de A. catesbeiana. A prevalência foi significativamente maior em anuros adultos que em juvenis. O checklist apresentou 106 espécies de hospedeiros vertebrados e 14 taxa de Centrorhynchus registrados em nove países da América do Sul. Aves são os principais hospedeiros definitivos de Centrorhynchus spp., e serpentes Dipsadidae, anuros Hylidae e Leptodactylidae principais hospedeiros paratênicos no continente sul-americano. Este é o primeiro registro de cistacantos de Centrorhynchus em A. catesbeiana na América do Sul. O estudo fornece ferramentas para auxiliar na compreensão das interações parasitárias entre espécies de Centrorhynchus e A. catesbeiana e outros hospedeiros em áreas onde a rã-touro foi introduzida. sp Brasil Sul Leão 201 2020 27 551 55 1 55,1 16. 16 . (16) 10 spp spp. Dipsadidae sulamericano. sulamericano americano. americano sul-americano rãtouro rã touro introduzida 20 202 2 5 55, (16 (1 (

ABSTRACT Hydatidosis or echinococcosis is an endemic parasitic disease caused by the ingestion of eggs of echinococcal species worldwide. In India, the annual incidence varies from 1 to 200 per one 100,000 hab., with the highest prevalence reported in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The dog is the definitive host, while humans, sheep, and cattle are intermediate hosts. The disease usually involves the liver and lungs, with the kidney and other organs rare involvement. Cardiac hydatidosis is still further rare, seen in 0.2% to 2% of the patients who remain asymptomatic until the development of its complications. Sudden deaths in cardiac echinococcosis are mostly attributed to cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery diseases, valvular diseases, cardiomyopathies, pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. We, herein, report a rare case of cardiac hydatid cyst incidentally found during the autopsy of a 26-year-old male who died due to electrical injuries. A single greyish-white cystic mass measuring 1.5cm X 1.2cm was detected on the left anterior ventricular wall 4 cm above the apex and was confirmed microscopically as a hydatid cyst. The cause of death was attributed to external injury. worldwide India 20 100000 100 000 100,00 hab hab. Nadu host humans sheep hosts lungs involvement 02 0 2 0.2 complications arrhythmias diseases cardiomyopathies pericarditis tamponade We herein 26yearold yearold 26 year old injuries greyishwhite greyish white 15cm 5cm 12cm 2cm injury 10000 10 00 100,0 0. 1000 100,

ABSTRACT: Heartworm disease is a zoonosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode parasite of worldwide distribution and considered one of the most virulent of dogs, which are definitive and infected hosts during the blood meal of vector mosquitoes (Aedes sp., Anopheles sp. and Culex sp.). The disease has a worldwide prevalence, with a higher incidence in tropical and subtropical climate areas, and affects animals of any breed, sex, and age group. Most animals are asymptomatic, but the disease can cause various cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms. The pathophysiology is related to vessel obstruction and an intense inflammatory reaction in the lung parenchyma, with cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms leading to signs that can be severe and lead to the death of the host. It can be diagnosed through blood tests, and chest X-rays are used to assess the severity of clinical signs and help establish a prognosis. Cardiovascular alterations appear as an increase in vascular caliber, an increase in the right heart silhouette, and pulmonary patterns compatible with infection. This study aimed to describe the conditional radiographic changes caused by the parasite in the lungs, intrathoracic vessels and heart in 30 dogs, independent of breed and sex, with an average age of 9.9 years and an average weight of 10.25kg, originating from routine care at a veterinary hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from January 2022 to December 2022. All animals were diagnosed with a positive heartworm infection and cardiorespiratory symptoms as essential conditions for participation in the study. The animals were x-rayed and had their lung patterns evaluated, in addition to measuring their vascular caliber and cardiac indices using vertebral-heart size (VHS), manubrium-heart size (MHS) and sphericity index (CSI). Most animals presented pulmonary patterns such as bronchoalveolar and bronchial and increased VHS and MHS indices. Increased and borderline values of CSI measurements were found in half of the patients, demonstrating that the parasite can trigger significant radiographic changes or present potential further worsening. ABSTRACT immitis dogs Aedes sp sp.. . sp.) prevalence areas sex group asymptomatic parenchyma host tests Xrays X rays prognosis silhouette lungs 3 99 9 9. 1025kg kg 10 25kg 10.25kg Janeiro 202 xrayed x rayed evaluated vertebralheart vertebral VHS, , (VHS) manubriumheart manubrium (MHS CSI. (CSI) patients worsening 1 20 (VHS (CSI 2

RESUMO: A dirofilariose é uma zoonose causada pela Dirofilaria immitis, parasita nematoide de distribuição mundial e considerado um dos mais patogênicos de cães, que são hospedeiros definitivos e infectados durante o repasto sanguíneo de mosquitos vetores (Aedes sp., Anopheles sp. e Culex sp.). A doença apresenta prevalência mundial, com maior incidência em áreas de clima tropical e subtropical, acometendo animais de qualquer raça, sexo e faixa etária. A maioria dos animais é assintomática, entretanto, a doença pode causar diversos sintomas cardiovasculares e respiratórios. A fisiopatologia se relaciona com a obstrução de vasos e com intensa reação inflamatória no tecido pulmonar, com sintomatologia cardiovascular e respiratória, levando a sinais que podem ser graves e levar ao óbito do hospedeiro. Pode ser diagnosticada através de exames de sangue e as radiografias de tórax são utilizadas para avaliar a gravidade dos sinais clínicos e auxiliar no estabelecimento do prognóstico. Alterações cardiovasculares surgem como aumento de calibre vascular, aumento de silhueta cardíaca direita e padrões pulmonares compatíveis com infecção. No presente artigo objetivou-se descrever as alterações radiográficas estabelecidas pelo parasita nos pulmões, nos vasos intratorácicos e no coração em 30 cães, independente de raça e sexo, com média de idade 9,9 anos e média de peso 10,25kg, oriundos da rotina de atendimento de um hospital veterinário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre Janeiro de 2022 e Dezembro de 2022. Todos os animais possuem diagnóstico positivo para infecção por dirofilariose e sintomatologia cardiorrespiratória como condição indispensável para pertencerem ao estudo. Os animais foram radiografados e tiveram os padrões pulmonares avaliados, além da medição do calibre vascular e dos índices cardíacos através do VHS (índice cardio-vertebral), MHS (ou índice manúbrio-esternal) e CSI (índice de esfericidade). A maioria dos animais apresentou padrão pulmonar como broncoalveolar e bronquial e índices de VHS e MHS aumentados. Aumento e valores limítrofes das medidas de CSI foram encontrados em metade dos pacientes, demonstrando que o parasita pode desencadear alterações radiográficas significativas ou apresentar potencial agravamento posterior. RESUMO immitis cães Aedes sp sp.. . sp.) subtropical etária assintomática entretanto respiratórios respiratória hospedeiro prognóstico objetivouse objetivou pulmões 3 99 9 9, 1025kg kg 10 25kg 10,25kg 202 estudo avaliados cardiovertebral, cardiovertebral cardio vertebral , cardio-vertebral) manúbrioesternal manúbrio esternal manúbrio-esternal esfericidade. esfericidade esfericidade) aumentados pacientes posterior 1 20 cardio-vertebral 2

ABSTRACT The relationship between the environment and animal life began to be seen as an important tool to help control zoonoses. Climate variations lead to changes in the environment, which can influence the spatial distribution of species and, consequently, the spread of diseases to humans. Considered the main non-human definitive host species of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil, the wild rodent Nectomys squamipes plays an important role as a reservoir in maintaining the schistosomiasis cycle in the absence of humans. This study demonstrates the results of ecological niche modeling of intermediate and definitive wild hosts of S. mansoni in the Regional Health Superintendence of Barbacena (Minas Gerais State), which has registered 31 municipalities, 80% of which are classified as endemic for parasitosis. Environmental variables associated with the distribution of each species were used based on information from the scientific collections of Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Species Link to project the ecological niche model in the geographic space. Abiotic variables such as the mean annual temperature, isothermality, and precipitation seasonality were obtained from World Clim. Ecological niche modeling of the wild host, N. squamipes, revealed the occurrence of the species in geographic overlap with the Biomphalaria species. Knowing the influence of bioclimatic variables and identifying favorable conditions for the establishment, occurrence, and distribution of species are important information for developing strategic actions for the surveillance and control of this endemic species. The presence of the definitive wild host needs to be considered by control programs of schistosomiasis. zoonoses consequently humans nonhuman non human Brazil S Minas State, State , State) 3 municipalities 80 parasitosis GBIF (GBIF space temperature isothermality Clim N establishment 8

Resumo O impacto do Covid-19 marcou, em todo o mundo, um divisor de águas no estilo de vida, forma de socializar e conviver para milhões de pessoas. Além disso, essa pandemia acelerou a entrada definitiva da quarta revolução digital. Todo esse fenômeno é conhecido como “a nova realidade”. A crise vivida em todo o mundo tem atormentado todas as indústrias, setores e profissões. E, é claro, os políticos e sua maneira de chegar e permanecer no poder não podem ser deixados de lado. Se já antes da Covid-19, ser político era sinônimo de uma série de termos e conceitos negativos, hoje em dia, gerenciar a imagem política se torna um enorme desafio para consultores e especialistas no assunto. Com este trabalho, o objetivo é apresentar a nova realidade para projetar, gerenciar e gerenciar a imagem dos políticos em um ambiente em que as máscaras, a distância saudável e os rígidos protocolos de proteção e higiene prevalecerão a longo prazo.

Resumen El impacto del Covid-19 marcó, en el mundo entero, un parteaguas en el estilo de vida, manera de socializar y convivir de millones de personas. Asimismo, esta pandemia aceleró la entrada definitiva a la cuarta revolución digital. Todo este fenómeno es conocido como “la nueva realidad”. La crisis que se ha vivido mundialmente, ha azotado a todas las industrias, sectores y profesiones. Y por supuesto, no pueden quedar de lado los políticos y su manera de llegar y mantenerse en el poder. Si ya antes del Covid-19, ser político era sinónimo de un sinfín de términos y conceptos negativos, actualmente, el manejo de la imagen política se vuelve un reto enorme para asesores y especialistas en el tema. Con este trabajo se busca presentar la nueva realidad para diseñar, manejar y gestionar la imagen de los políticos en un entorno en donde los cubrebocas, la sana distancia así como los protocolos estrictos de protección e higiene prevalecerán en el largo plazo.

Abstract The impact of the Covid-19 marked, in the whole world, a watershed in the lifestyle, way of socializing and living together for millions of people. Also, this pandemic accelerated the definitive entrance to the fourth digital revolution. This whole phenomenon is known as “the new reality”. The crisis that has been experienced worldwide, has plagued all industries, sectors and professions. And of course, politicians and their way of coming and staying in power cannot be left aside. If already before Covid-19, being a politician was synonymous with a host of negative terms and concepts, nowadays, managing the political image becomes a huge challenge for advisers and specialists on the subject. With this work, the aim is to present the new reality to design, manage and manage the image of politicians in an environment where the masks, the healthy distance as well as the strict protection and hygiene protocols will prevail in the long term.

Abstract European hedgehogs, Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758), are small mammals found in western Europe and also in parts of northern Europe. They can be seen in rural, suburban and urban areas, but are usually found in grassland with edge habitats. These animals are omnivorous and serve as definitive or paratenic hosts for several parasites, including acanthocephalans (phylum Acanthocephala). During necropsy of a European hedgehog, a single adult parasite was collected from the intestinal lumen and preserved in 70% ethanol. After morphological evaluation of the specimen, it was identified as Moniliformis cestodiformis (von Linstow, 1904) (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae). This is the first report of M. cestodiformis in a European hedgehog, as well as in Europe. More epidemiological studies need to be carried out to map the location and prevalence of this parasite in Portugal and the European continent. hedgehogs Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758, 1758 , 1758) rural areas habitats parasites phylum Acanthocephala. Acanthocephala . Acanthocephala) hedgehog 70 ethanol specimen von Linstow 1904 (Acanthocephala Moniliformidae. Moniliformidae Moniliformidae) M continent 175 7 190 17 19 1

Resumo Os ouriços, Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758), são pequenos mamíferos que se localizam na Europa ocidental e também em regiões do Norte da Europa. Eles podem ser avistados em áreas rurais, suburbanas e urbanas, mas são geralmente encontrados no campo no limite daqueles hábitats. São animais omnívoros e servem de hospedeiros definitivos ou paratênicos de muitos parasitas, incluindo acantocéfalos (filo Acanthocephala). Durante a necropsia de um ouriço, um exemplar adulto acantocéfalo foi recolhido do lúmen intestinal e preservado em etanol a 70%. Depois de uma avaliação morfológica desse exemplar, este foi identificado como Moniliformis cestodiformis (von Linstow, 1904) (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae). Esta é a primeira referência de M. cestodiformis num ouriço, assim como na Europa. Mais estudos epidemiológicos necessitam ser realizados, para localizar este parasita e calcular a sua prevalência em Portugal e no continente europeu. ouriços Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758, 1758 , 1758) rurais urbanas hábitats parasitas filo Acanthocephala. Acanthocephala . Acanthocephala) ouriço 70 70% von Linstow 1904 (Acanthocephala Moniliformidae. Moniliformidae Moniliformidae) M realizados europeu 175 7 190 17 19 1

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality, and it has gradually increased over time; this rise has been attributed to numerous reasons including the growing number of women with congenital heart disease who are surviving to childbearing age. Valve surgery during pregnancy is a high risk, with a fetal and maternal mortality rate of 35% and 9%, respectively. Prior knowledge about the cardiovascular disease opens up a host of options for the mother even during pregnancy, but presentation in the 3rd trimester puts both the mother and the baby at risk. Simultaneous caesarean section and maternal cardiac surgery is a suitable option for this subset of patients, and with this study we aim to assess its outcomes and feasibility. Methods: This is a retrospective study of five pregnant patients who presented with predominant symptoms of heart failure in the 3rd trimester between June 2019 and June 2021. Intraoperative and postoperative intensive care unit charts of all the patients were reviewed. Results: All five patients underwent simultaneous cesarean section and maternal cardiac surgery successfully with no fetal or maternal mortality and are doing well in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Cesarean section followed by definitive maternal cardiac surgery in the same sitting is a safe and feasible approach in the management of such patients. A well-prepared team is pivotal for a safe delivery with a cardiopulmonary bypass machine on standby. Specialized multidisciplinary care in the antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum period is essential to improve outcomes. Introduction pregnancyrelated related time age risk 35 9 9% respectively rd feasibility Methods 201 2021 reviewed Results followup follow Conclusion wellprepared prepared standby antepartum peripartum 3 20 202 2

Abstract New morphological, morphometric and scanning electron microscopy data of a nematode of the family Anisakidae, recovered from a specimen of Kogia sima, a cetacean that died off the northern coast of Brazil, are presented in this paper. Morphological features such as the violin-shaped ventricle and short and equal spicules, as well as the distribution of post-cloacal papillae and specificity for the definitive host (Kogiidae cetaceans) demonstrate similarity to Skrjabinisakis paggiae. This research records Kogia sima and S. paggiae on the estuarine coast of Pará, northern Brazil. morphological Anisakidae Brazil paper violinshaped violin shaped spicules postcloacal post cloacal Kogiidae cetaceans S Pará

Resumo São apresentados, neste trabalho, novos dados morfológicos, morfométricos e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de um nematoide da família Anisakidae, recuperado de Kogia sima, um cetáceo que veio a óbito na costa norte do Brasil. Características morfológicas, como o ventrículo em forma de violino, espículos curtos e iguais, além da distribuição de papilas pós-cloacais e especificidade pelo hospedeiro definitivo (cetáceos Kogiidae) demonstram similaridade a Skrjabinisakis paggiae. Esta pesquisa registra Kogia sima e S. paggiae na costa estuarina paraense, norte do Brasil. apresentados trabalho morfológicos Anisakidae Brasil morfológicas violino iguais póscloacais pós cloacais cetáceos Kogiidae S paraense

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Rescuing severe trauma cases is extremely demanding. The present study purposed to analyze the efficiency of trauma management at Emergency Centre, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, included outcome within 28 days. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 131 intensive care unit trauma cases with total Injury Severity Score ≥16, in terms of administrating the two strategies: (i) definitive surgical repair and (ii) damage control laparotomy. RESULTS: The damage control laparotomy cases revealed statistically higher Injury Severity Score and APACHE II scores, significant brain dysfunction, and hemorrhagic shock on arrival (p<0.001). In addition, the damage control laparotomy had a higher rate of respiratory complications, multiple organ deficiency syndrome, and surgical wound complications (p=0.017, <0.001, and 0.004, respectively), with more days on mechanical ventilation (p=0.003). Overall mortality was 29.8%. Although higher early mortality within ≤24 h in the damage control laparotomy (p=0.021) had been observed, no difference between groups (p=0.172) after the 4th day of hospitalization was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma patients have a high mortality rate in the 1st hours after the incident. Compelling evidence linking host and pathogen factors, such as mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, appears to correlate with loss of organ dysfunction, both cytopathologically and histopathologically. Adequate selection of patients necessitating damage control laparotomy, allowed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery, abdominopelvic trauma classifications, and improvements in resuscitation, may improve the results of severe trauma treatment.

RESUMO: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Sarcocystis spp. são parasitas detectados em tecidos de animais domésticos e selvagens. As aves são relevantes no ciclo de vida e epidemiologia dos protozoários devido à grande variedade de espécies de aves, hábitos alimentares e migratórios. O objetivo deste estudo foi a detecção molecular de T. gondii, N. caninum e Sarcocystis spp. em diversas espécies de aves naturalmente infectadas. Portanto, amostras de tecido de cérebro e coração foram coletados de aves recebidas e necropsiadas no Laboratório Central de Diagnóstico de Patologias Aviárias (LCDPA), sendo submetidas a extração de DNA e amplificação pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) do gene 18S rRNA para Sarcocystis spp., gene NC5 para N. caninum e gene repetitivo 529 pares de bases para T. gondii. N. caninum foi detectado em duas aves (02/65; 3,07%), em amostra de cérebro de Rupornis magnisrostris (número acesso: ON182081, 267pb) e em amostras de cérebro e coração de Dendrocygna bicolor (número acesso: ON211312, 267pb). DNA do genero Sarcocystis spp. foi detectado em três aves (03/65; 4,62%), sendo que no sequenciamento genético foram identificados Sarcocystis spp. (número acesso: MW463929) em cérebro de Nymphicus hollandicus e Sarcocystis speeri (número acesso: MW464125) em cérebro e coração de Amazona aestiva. A análise filogenética revelou que Sarcocystis spp. formou um clado com Sarcocystis spp. que utilizam gambá (Didelphis aurita) como hospedeiro definitivo e S. falcatula que utilizam Lóris-molucano (Trichoglossus moluccanus) como hospedeiro intermediário. S. speeri formou um clado com S. speeri que utilizou Mus musculus como hospedeiro intermediário experimental e formou um clado com Sarcocystis columbae, Sarcocystis corvusi, Sarcocystis halieti e Sarcocystis sp. que afetam espécies de aves. O DNA de T. gondii não foi detectado em nenhum tecido. Este é o primeiro relato de detecção de DNA de N. caninum, Sarcocystis spp. e S. speeri em amostras de tecido para essas espécies de aves estendendo a lista de hospedeiros intermediários.

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp. are parasites detected in tissues of domestic and wild animals. Birds are relevant in the life cycle and epidemiology of protozoa due to the wide variety of bird species, feeding and migratory habits. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of T. gondii, N. caninum and Sarcocystis spp. in several species of naturally infected birds. Therefore, samples of brain and heart tissue were collected from birds received and necropsied at the Central Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Avian Pathologies (LCDPA), undergoing DNA extraction and amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 18S rRNA gene to Sarcocystis spp., NC5 gene for N. caninum and repetitive gene 529 base pairs for T. gondii. N. caninum was detected in two birds (02/65, 3.07%), in a brain sample of Rupornis magnisrostris (accession number: ON182081, 267pb) and in a brain and heart sample of Dendrocygna bicolor (accession number: ON211312, 267pb). DNA of the genus Sarcocystis was detected in three birds (03/65, 4.62%), and in the genetic sequencing Sarcocystis spp. (accession number: MW463929) in brain of Nymphicus hollandicus and Sarcocystis speeri (accession number: MW464125) in brain and heart of Amazona aestiva. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Sarcocystis spp. formed a clade with Sarcocystis spp. that use skunk (Didelphis aurita) as definitive host and Sarcocystis falcatula that use Moluccan loris (Trichoglossus moluccanus) as intermediate host. S. speeri formed a clade with S. speeri that used Mus musculus as an experimental intermediate host and formed a clade with Sarcocystis columbae, Sarcocystis corvusi, Sarcocystis halieti and Sarcocystis sp. that affect bird species. T. gondii DNA was not detected in any tissue. This is the first report of DNA detection of N. caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and S. speeri in tissue samples for these bird species extending the list of intermediate hosts.

Fasciolosis is caused by digenean trematodes of the genus Fasciola. The principal definitive hosts are cattle, sheep and goats. Humans are infected as accidental hosts. Fasciolosis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases and is considered an emerging zoonotic infection. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of human and domestic animal fasciolosis in selected counties in Kenya. Stool samples for Fasciola diagnosis were collected from humans and domestic animals and transported to the laboratory at Egerton University and processed using sedimentation technique and examined for the presence of eggs. A total of 272 human samples collected were all negative for Fasciola eggs. A total of 582 domestic animals (cattle [46.0%], sheep [29.9%] and goats [24.1%]) samples collected had overall prevalence of 30.9% for Fasciola infection. There was no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and origin of the animals, sex and season. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and domestic animals, age and body condition. The prevalence of fasciolosis was high in two irrigation schemes which favour the breeding of intermediate host snail and grazing of animals along the irrigation canals where metacercaria of Fasciola parasites could be present on the vegetation. Although human fasciolosis was not detected in this study, the presence of animal fasciolosis can pose public health risk because of its zoonotic nature. Therefore, it is important to introduce measures which would help to reduce the exposure of animals to Fasciola infection.

Abstrato Introdução Hoje, mais do que nunca, a saúde humana foi comprometida; a humanidade está sofrendo com a invasão do coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, que expôs o mundo à pior emergência sanitária deste século. Embora a comunidade científica e os sistemas globais de saúde estejam unindo esforços na busca por um tratamento definitivo, até o momento é reconhecido que a terapia visa mitigar os sintomas. Identificar evidências científicas sobre o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes com COVID-19. Objetivo Identificar evidências científicas sobre o tratamento farmacológico para pacientes com COVID-19. Metodologia Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura publicada de dezembro de 2019 a outubro de 2020, nos seguintes sistemas de informação Clinical Key, Dialnet, EBSCO Host e Scopus utilizando os descritores Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, Drug therapy, and pharmacological treatment. Os critérios de seleção foram artigos de pesquisa quantitativa, de qualquer tipo de delineamento, nos idiomas inglês e espanhol, disponíveis na íntegra, obtendo-se uma amostra de 24 artigos. Resultados A maioria dos estudos foram revisões integrativas com percentual de 66,6 e ensaios clínicos ou in vitro com percentual de 12,5. Nove medicamentos de maior uso no COVID-19 foram identificados na terapia medicamentosa, ou seja, Hidroxicloroquina/Cloroquina, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Azitromicina, Ivermectina, Tocilizumabe e Dexametasona. No entanto, de acordo com as evidências científicas, apenas quatro medicamentos mostraram eficácia significativa. Conclusões De acordo com as evidências científicas, apenas quatro medicamentos mostraram eficácia significativa. Conclusões: Remdesivir demonstrou maior eficácia e segurança durante o tratamento, e Tocilizumabe e Dexametasona apresentaram resultados favoráveis. No entanto, os resultados não são conclusivos. Os autores apontaram que até o momento não é possível concluir que existam tratamentos que combatam efetivamente o COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction Today more than ever human health has been compromised; humanity is suffering from the invasion of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has exposed the world to the worst health emergency in this century. Although the scientific community and global health systems are joining efforts in the search for a definitive treatment, to date it is recognized that the therapy is aimed at mitigating the symptoms. Objective Identify scientific evidence on pharmacological treatment for patients with COVID-19. Methodology An integrative review of literature published from December 2019 to October 2020, in the following information systems Clinical Key, Dialnet, EBSCO Host and Scopus was performed using the descriptors Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, Drug therapy, and pharmacological treatment. The selection criteria were quantitative research articles of any type of design, in English and Spanish, available in full text, obtaining a sample of 24 articles. Results Most of the studies were integrative reviews with a percentage of 66.6 and clinical or in vitro trials with a percentage of 12.5. Nine drugs of major use in COVID-19 were identified in the drug therapy, that is, Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Azithromycin, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab and Dexamethasone. However, According to the scientific evidence only four drugs showed significant effectiveness. Conclusions Remdesivir demonstrated greater effectiveness and safety during the treatment, and Tocilizumab and Dexamethasone showed favorable results. Nevertheless, the results are not conclusive. The authors pointed out that so far is not possible to conclude there are treatments that effectively fight COVID-19.

Resumen Introducción La salud hoy más que nunca ha sido vulnerada, la humanidad está sufriendo por la invasión del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que ha expuesto al mundo a la peor emergencia sanitaria en este siglo. La comunidad científica y los sistemas de salud global conjuntan esfuerzos en la búsqueda de un tratamiento definitivo, a la fecha se reconoce que la terapia está dirigida a mitigar los síntomas. Objetivo Identificar las evidencias científicas sobre el tratamiento farmacológico en los pacientes con COVID-19. Metodología Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura publicada de diciembre 2019 a octubre 2020, en los sistemas de información Clinical Key, Dialnet, EBSCO Host y Scopus, mediante los descriptores Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, Drug therapy, tratamiento farmacológico. Los criterios de selección fueron artículos de investigación cuantitativa de cualquier tipo de diseño, en inglés y español disponibles a texto completo, obteniéndose una muestra de 24 artículos. Resultados La mayoría de los estudios fueron revisiones integrativas con 66.6% y ensayos clínicos o in vitro con 12.5%. Se identificaron en la terapia farmacológica nueve medicamentos de mayor uso en COVID-19: Hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, azitromicina, ivermectina, tocilizumab y dexametasona, no obstante, solo cuatro fármacos mostraron efectividad significativa según la evidencia científica. Conclusiones remdesivir demostró mayor efectividad y seguridad en el tratamiento, tocilizumab y dexametasona mostraron resultados favorables, sin embargo, los resultados no son contundentes. Los autores señalan que aún no es posible afirmar que se dispone de tratamientos que combata la COVID-19 efectivamente.

Abstract Anisakidosis is an accidental and cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis of human beings, its definitive host being marine mammals such as sea lions, seals and dolphins, among others. Humans are infested by consumption in the larval stage of the nematode of Anisakis present in raw fish and shellfish such as hake or conger eel. The infestation is preferably located in the upper digestive tract, observing the regurgitation of the parasite to the mouth or becoming evident during an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In rare cases, the larvae can migrate to the peritoneum or continue their passage through the small intestine and colon, with expulsion in stools being unusual. We present a case of expulsion of two larvae of the Anisakidae family in feces.

Resumen La anisakidosis es una zoonosis parasitaria accidental y cosmopolita de los seres humanos, siendo su hospedero definitivo los mamíferos marinos como lobos de mar, focas y delfines, entre otros. El ser humano se infecta por el consumo en estado larvario del nemátodo de la familia Anisakidae presentes en pescados y mariscos crudos como la merluza o el congrio. Los helmintos se ubican preferentemente en el tubo digestivo alto, observándose la regurgitación del parásito a la boca o evidenciándose durante la realización de una endoscopía digestiva alta. En forma infrecuente las larvas pueden migrar al peritoneo o seguir su paso por el intestino delgado y colon, siendo inhabitual la expulsión por las deposiciones. Presentamos el caso de una expulsión dos larvas L3 de la familia Anisakidae en deposiciones.

Resumen La neosporosis es una enfermedad que puede afectar a una amplia gama de huéspedes entre ellos caninos, bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, búfalos, ciervos, equinos y especies carnívoras, incluidos géneros silvestres. Dicha enfermedad es causada por Neospora caninum, parásito protozoario (coccidio) que genera un quiste de tejido intracelular perteneciente a la familia Sarcocystidae. Los caninos son los huéspedes definitivos y los hospedadores intermedios más comunes son los bovinos. El ciclo de vida de N. caninum se caracteriza por ser heteroxeno facultativo complejo, que involucra un hospedador cánido definitivo, donde ocurre la replicación sexual y una gama de hospedadores intermediarios donde tiene lugar la replicación asexual. Después de pasar estas fases el canino elimina ooquistes a través de las heces contaminando así el alimento del ganado y por ende infectando al mismo. La transmisión vertical es la principal vía de contagio de los bóvidos tanto domésticos como silvestres. El signo característico de la neosporosis de las vacas es el aborto. En terneros y cachorros puede causar daños neurológicos.

Abstract Neosporosis is a disease that can affect a wide range of hosts including canines, bovines, sheep, goats, buffaloes, deer, equines and carnivorous species, including wild species. This disease is caused by Neospora caninum, a coccidian protozoan parasite, the which generates a cyst of obligate intracellular tissue, belongs to the family Sarcocystidae. Canines are the definitive hosts, and the most common intermediate hosts are bovines. The life cycle of N. caninum is characterized by being complex facultative heteroxene which involves a definitive canid host where sexual replication occurs and a range of intermediate hosts where asexual replication takes place, after passing these phases the canine eliminates oocysts through the feces thus contaminating the livestock feed and therefore infected itself, on the other hand vertical transmission is the main route of transmission in terms of livestock and other species of domestic bovids, it can also be usual in wild ruminants. Cow abortion is the hallmark of neosporosis. In calves and puppies it can cause neurological signs.