Abstract Background: Polystemma is characterized by a mixed indumentum of glandular trichomes that turn white, rotate to rotate-campanulate corollas, a gynostegial corona with filiform appendages, and fusiform follicles. The taxon has undergone numerous taxonomic changes in recent years. In current phylogenies, Polystemma has been recovered as paraphyletic and many of its species require a new combination. In this study, we propose the corresponding changes and describe, map, and illustrate three new species within this genus. Questions: Do morphological data support the transfer of Matelea species to Polystemma? Are the plants of Polystemma collected in Durango, Jalisco, and Sinaloa different species? Studied species: Polystemma. Study site and dates: United States, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa Rica, between 2014 and 2024. Methods: More than 3,000 specimens from 20 herbaria and virtual databases were reviewed. Distribution maps were generated, and risk categories were proposed. The cohesive species concept was proposed as an explanatory hypothesis for taxon recognition. Results: A total of 27 species of the genus were recognized, these distributed from the southeastern United States of America to Costa Rica. Eleven new combinations and three lectotypifications are made, and three new species for science are proposed. Identification key, nomenclatural type information, synonyms, habitat, images of all species and distribution maps are also included. Conclusions: The review of this genus allowed for updating and improving the systematics within the subtribe Gonolobinae. Likewise, it highlights Mexico as the center of diversity and endemism for Polystemma.

Resumen Antecedentes: Polystemma se caracteriza por el indumento mixto, con tricomas glandulares volviéndose blancos, corolas rotadas a rotado-campanuladas, corona ginostegial con apéndices filiformes y folículos fusiformes. El taxón presenta numerosos cambios taxonómicos en los últimos años. En las filogenias recientes, Polystemma se ha recobrado como parafilético y muchas de las especies requieren nuevas combinaciones. Se realizan los cambios correspondientes y se describen tres especies nuevas del género. Preguntas: ¿Los datos morfológicos apoyan la transferencia de especies de Matelea a Polystemma? ¿Son especies diferentes las plantas de Polystemma colectadas en Durango, Jalisco y Sinaloa? Especies de estudio: Polystemma. Sitio y años de estudio: Estados Unidos de América, México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa Rica, entre 2014 y 2024. Métodos: Se revisaron más de 3,000 ejemplares de 20 diferentes herbarios y bases de datos. Se generaron mapas de distribución y proponen categorías de riesgo. Se planteó como hipótesis explicativa el concepto cohesivo de especie para el reconocimiento de los taxones. Resultados: Se reconocen 27 especies del género, distribuidas desde el sureste de los Estados Unidos de América hasta Costa Rica. Se proponen once combinaciones nuevas, tres lectotipificaciones y tres especies nuevas. Se incluye una clave de identificación e información sobre tipos, sinónimos, hábitat, imágenes de todas las especies y mapas de distribución. Conclusiones: La revisión de este género permitió actualizar la sistemática dentro de la subtribu Gonolobinae. Asimismo, resalta a México como el centro de diversidad y endemismo para Polystemma.

Abstract: This article aims to analyze changes in the residential and commercial dynamics of a neighborhood in the south of Belo Horizonte. Using the Urban Property and Territorial Property Tax register and the Real Estate Transfer Tax register, it was possible, not only to identify and map the new residential and commercial properties built in the neighborhood in the last decade, but to outline the profile of its new residents and consumers. The concept of gentrification is taken into account as a process of replacing a social class with a lower status by another with a higher status, to examine the results found. The data point to a process of physical change, marked by the greater supply of buildings with a high standard of finishing and high value, aimed at a social group with a higher status than the previous residents. The main actor behind these changes is the real estate market. Abstract Horizonte possible decade consumers found change value market

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as mudanças nas dinâmicas residenciais e comerciais de um bairro da Zona Sul de Belo Horizonte. Utilizando o cadastro do Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana e o cadastro do Imposto sobre a Transmissão de Bens Imóveis, foi possível, não apenas identificar e mapear os novos imóveis residenciais e comerciais construídos no bairro na última década, mas esboçar o perfil de seus novos moradores e consumidores. Leva-se em conta o conceito de gentrificação enquanto um processo de substituição de uma classe social com status inferior por outra com status superior, para examinar os resultados encontrados. Os dados apontam para um processo de mudança física, marcada pela maior oferta de edifícios com alto padrão de acabamento e alto valor, voltados para um grupo social com status superior ao dos antigos moradores. Tais mudanças têm como principal ator o mercado imobiliário. Resumo Horizonte Imóveis possível década consumidores Levase Leva se encontrados física valor imobiliário

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios en la dinámica residencial y comercial de un barrio del sur de Belo Horizonte. Utilizando el registro del Impuesto sobre Bienes Urbanos y Territoriales y el registro del Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Inmobiliarias, fue posible, no sólo identificar y mapear las nuevas propiedades residenciales y comerciales construidas en el barrio en la última década, sino delinear el perfil de sus nuevas residentes y consumidores. Se tiene en cuenta el concepto de gentrificación como un proceso de sustitución de una clase social de menor estatus por otra de mayor estatus, para examinar los resultados encontrados. Los datos apuntan a un proceso de cambio físico, marcado por la mayor oferta de edificios con alto nivel de acabado y alto valor, dirigidos a un grupo social de mayor estatus que los residentes anteriores. El principal actor detrás de estos cambios es el mercado inmobiliario. Resumen Horizonte Inmobiliarias posible década consumidores encontrados físico valor anteriores inmobiliario

Abstract The shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams, particularly those with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), remains a challenge for the scientific community, as it involves complex material behavior. However, the advancement of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique has facilitated the acquisition of essential experimental data for modeling the mechanical behavior of SFRC, contributing to a better understanding of the problem and the shear resistance mechanisms. In this study, eight reinforced concrete beams, with and without steel fibers, were evaluated using the DIC technique to quantify the resistance mechanisms, with a focus on models that may represent the contribution of the fibers. The results revealed that the predominant mechanisms in shear behavior were aggregate interlock and the steel fibers. This study also represents a step towards a more rational understanding of shear behavior, while identifying gaps that require further investigation, such as the influence of fibers on all resistance mechanisms and the formulation of the contribution of steel fibers. beams SFRC , (SFRC) community However (DIC investigation (SFRC

Resumo O entendimento do comportamento à força cortante de vigas de concreto armado, especialmente as vigas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA), ainda é um desafio para a comunidade científica, devido à complexidade do comportamento dos materiais. No entanto, a evolução da técnica de correlação por imagem digital (CID) permitiu a obtenção de dados experimentais fundamentais para a modelagem do comportamento mecânico do CRFA, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento do problema e dos mecanismos resistentes à força cortante. Neste sentido, o presente estudo avalia oito vigas de concreto armado, com e sem fibras de aço, utilizando a técnica CID para quantificar os mecanismos resistentes, com foco nos modelos que podem representar a contribuição das fibras. Os resultados revelaram que os mecanismos preponderantes no comportamento à força cortante foram o engrenamento dos agregados e as fibras de aço. Este estudo representa um avanço no entendimento mais racional do comportamento à força cortante, assim como identifica lacunas que requerem estudos mais aprofundados, como a influência das fibras em todos os mecanismos resistentes e a formulação da contribuição das fibras de aço. armado CRFA , (CRFA) científica materiais entanto (CID sentido aprofundados (CRFA

SUMMARY: The denomination of the "ulna" bone as "cubitus" bone is an error in terminology still observed in anatomy study texts and Chilean school textbooks, even though the term ulna was established as the official term in the 20th century. This problem is a reflection of the slow progressive change in academic communities and the population in general, through the traditional transfer of knowledge. Scientific dissemination allows for accelerating such a process, and in recent years, it has been enhanced through social networks and virtual platforms such as TikTok. Few studies relate the use of TikTok with anatomical learning. This research describes school students' perception of an informative video on correctly using the term "ulna." It analyzes the possible scope as a complementary activity to anatomical teaching for the school community and society. A TikTok video was developed and published four months before showing it to 17 11th-grade students from Viña del Mar, and then they were asked to complete a perception survey. In addition, statistical data provided by the TikTok platform itself was recorded. The results revealed a favorable reception of the informative content among the participating students, with a high percentage expressing total or partial agreement in all the statements evaluated (up to 82.4 %). The metrics delivered by the platform show an international reach, the main viewers being people from Chile (35.5 %), Mexico (25.3 %), and Colombia (7.2 %). Among the aspects mentioned by the students that need improvement, are the quality of visual editing and the fluency of the explanation. Given the positive perception obtained from the video, we consider that using these complementary tools can improve human anatomy's teaching and learning processes and broaden our practices' impact on the educational community and society.

RESUMEN: La denominación del hueso "ulna" como hueso "cúbito" es un error de terminología aún observado en textos de estudio de anatomía y en textos escolares chilenos, pese a que desde el siglo XX se ha establecido el término ulna como el oficial. Esto refleja la lentitud del proceso de cambio en las comunidades académicas y en la población general mediante la transmisión tradicional de conocimientos. La divulgación científica permite acelerar dicho proceso, y en los últimos años se ha potenciado por medio de redes sociales y plataformas virtuales como TikTok. Existen pocos estudios que relacionan el uso de TikTok con el aprendizaje anatómico. Esta investigación describe la percepción de estudiantes escolares frente a un vídeo divulgativo sobre el correcto uso del término "ulna" y analiza los posibles alcances como actividad complementaria de la enseñanza anatómica hacia la comunidad escolar y la sociedad. Se desarrolló un vídeo de TikTok publicado 4 meses antes de mostrarlo a 17 estudiantes de 3° de enseñanza secundaria, y luego se les solicitó completar una encuesta de percepción. Además, se registraron datos estadísticos entregados por la misma plataforma. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una favorable acogida del contenido divulgativo entre los estudiantes participantes, con un alto porcentaje expresando acuerdo total o parcial en todas las afirmaciones evaluadas (hasta un 82,4 %). Las métricas entregadas por la plataforma demuestran un alcance internacional, siendo los principales espectadores personas de Chile (35,5 %), México (25,3 %) y Colombia (7,2 %). Entre los aspectos a mejorar mencionados por los estudiantes está la calidad de edición visual y la fluidez de la explicación. Dada la positiva percepción obtenida frente al vídeo, consideramos que usar estas herramientas complementarias puede mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la anatomía humana y ampliar el impacto de nuestras prácticas en la comunidad educativa y la sociedad.

SIGNIFICANCE: Biodiversity offsetting is a last-resort scheme to prevent biodiversity loss due to development. However, measuring biodiversity is a complex endeavour, even more so in hyperdiverse landscapes. With few South African scientists able to comprehensively measure biodiversity, assuming equivalence between sacrificial and offset areas would be problematic and potentially fatal. Caution is required as the erosion of our unique biodiversity is at stake. We advise that a panel of biome-specific experts and data modellers unite to provide tools for more accurate trade-offs, based on functional diversity. In the meantime, the value of focusing on landscape heterogeneity is highlighted.

BACKGROUND. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed in a timely manner. Brain computed tomography (CT) is the diagnostic gold standard but is of limited availability in most South African public hospitals, resulting in transfer of TBI patients to tertiary hospitals. OBJECTIVE. To describe the referral patterns and outcomes of patients with TBI referred to Groote Schuur Hospital Trauma Centre. METHODS. This was a retrospective audit of all patients admitted to the Trauma Centre who had a brain CT scan for suspected TBI between 1 February 2022 and 31 March 2022. Demographic data (age, sex), mechanism of injury and Glasgow Coma Score were recorded. Referral pathways were determined, and final disposition of patients was recorded. RESULTS. A total of 522 patients had a brain CT for TBI. Of these, 314 (60.1%) were referred from other hospitals. CT scan was abnormal in 178 (34.1%) patients. Three hundred and two (58.6%) were discharged home within 24 hours. The mean time between referral and CT scan was 13 hours. CONCLUSION. More than half of patients referred for a CT scan were discharged from the Trauma Centre within 24 hours of admission, which indicates. additional costs and inefficiencies in the health system. These data are useful to guide resource planning and allocation for district hospitals, since less expensive point-of-care modalities now exist to diagnose TBI, and which are useful in indicating the prognosis of patients.

Abstract: Background: During the revision of Gonolobus for Mexico, it was observed that G. fuscus, G. luridus, and G. tingens lack the staminal appendages and faucal ring typical of the genus. The observed specimens of these species have glandular trichomes, which become crystalline and white with age, and the double gynostegial corona characteristic of Polystemma, so their transfer to this genus is proposed. Questions: Do the morphological data support the transfer of the species studied here from Gonolobus to Polystemma? Are the plants studied here cospecific with any of the species known for Polystemma? Species studied: G. fuscus, G. luridus, and G. tingens. Location and years of study: Mexico. Methods: Protocols, digital images, and herbarium specimens of Gonolobus, and specialized literature were reviewed. Morphological comparisons were made with Mexican species of Gonolobinae, using the cohesive species concept. Results: The transfer of two species of Gonolobus to Polystemma is here proposed, as well as the synonymization of Gonolobus tingens Decne., Gonolobus suberifer B.L. Rob., Matelea suberifera, and M. crenata. Conclusions: With these taxonomic adjustments, Polystemma reaches 14 species, highlighting Mexico as the main center of diversity of the genus.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En la revisión de Gonolobus para México se observó que G. fuscus, G. luridus y G. tingens carecen de los apéndices estaminales y anillo faucal típicos del género. Los ejemplares observados de estas especies tienen tricomas glandulares tornándose cristalinos y blancos con la edad y la corona ginostegial doble característicos de Polystemma, por lo que se propone su transferencia a este género. Preguntas: ¿Los datos morfológicos apoyan la transferencia de las especies aquí estudiadas de Gonolobus a Polystemma? ¿Las plantas aquí estudiadas son coespecíficas a alguna de las especies conocidas para Polystemma? Especies de estudio: G. fuscus, G. luridus y G. tingens. Sitio y años de estudio: México. Métodos: Se revisaron los protólogos, las imágenes digitales del material tipo, los ejemplares de herbario de las especies de Gonolobus consideradas y la literatura pertinente. Las especies bajo estudio se compararon morfológicamente con las especies mexicanas conocidas dentro de las Gonolobinae, empleando para ello el concepto cohesivo de especie. Resultados: Se propone la transferencia a Polystemma de dos de las especies de Gonolobus aquí estudiadas, así como la sinonimización de Gonolobus tingens Decne., Gonolobus suberifer B.L. Rob., Matelea suberifera y M. crenata. Conclusiones: Con estos ajustes taxonómicos, Polystemma alcanza las 14 especies, resaltando a México como el principal centro de diversidad del género.

Abstract: Within the schools of the binational region of Tijuana-San Diego, a new and growing minority of students is identified, who are demanding their right to learn through equitable, inclusive, and quality education. Transnational students are minors who, regardless of their origin or nationality, have a proven track record in two or more federal education systems. The general objective of this research is to diagnose and compare, through the analysis of statistical data, the self-perception of this category of students attending secondary schools in Tijuana, Baja California, and San Diego, California, on some developments related to the experience of inclusion to a new educational system. Based on this, some recommendations are issued to move gradually towards a cross-border education policy that facilitates the transfer and incorporation of transnational children and adolescents.

Resumen: Al interior de las escuelas de la región binacional Tijuana-San Diego se identifica una nueva y creciente minoría de estudiantes que reclama su derecho de aprender por medio de una educación equitativa, inclusiva y de calidad. Son los estudiantes trasnacionales, aquellos menores de edad que, sin considerar su origen o nacionalidad, tienen una trayectoria escolar comprobada en dos o más sistemas educativos federales. El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en diagnosticar y comparar, por medio del análisis de datos estadísticos, la autopercepción de esta categoría de alumnos que asisten a escuelas de enseñanza secundaria en Tijuana, Baja California y San Diego, California, sobre algunos acontecimientos relacionados con la experiencia de inclusión a un nuevo sistema educativo. Con base en ello, se emiten algunas recomendaciones para transitar gradualmente hacia una política de educación transfronteriza que facilite la transferencia y la incorporación de las niñas, niños y adolescentes trasnacionales.

Abstract Composer and playwright Richard Wagner (1813-1883) undertook a gigantic project to receive the dramaturgy of ancient Greek theater. Taking as a basis the stage space in which the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides presented their texts, Wagner proposed transferring the functions of the chorus in the orchestra to the orchestra as a chorus. In his description of this transfer in Opera and Drama (1851), Wagner describes the orchestra of musicians as a body articulated with speech and gestures. This article will present and analyze Wagner's proposal, for which the concept of orchestra-chorus-gesture can clarify procedures for the reception of ancient Athenian drama. As we are dealing with a discontinuous, fragmentary tradition, creative solutions in reception are not limited to their immediate staging context. In Wagner's case, this is even more evident: the German musical playwright produced intense essays and reflections, especially around the Ring of the Nibelung project. In this way, Wagner's creative decisions dialog with a historical mediation that both addresses the partial data of tradition and redefines them in a new staging approach.

Resumo O compositor e dramaturgo Richard Wagner (1813-1883) empreendeu um gigantesco projeto de recepção da dramaturgia no teatro grego antigo. Tomando por base o espaço cênico em que as peças de Ésquilo, Sófocles e Eurípides apresentaram em seus textos, Wagner propõe a transferência das funções do coro na orquestra para a orquestra como um coro. Em sua descrição dessa transferência no livro Opera e Drama de 1851, Wagner qualifica a orquestra de músicos como um corpo articulado com falas e gestos. Neste artigo, será apresentada a analisada essa proposta de Wagner, para qual o conceito de orquestra-coro-gesto pode clarificar procedimentos de recepção da dramaturgia ateniense antiga. Como estamos diante de uma tradição descontínua, fragmentária, soluções criativas na recepção não se reduzem ao seu contexto imediato de encenação. No caso de Wagner isso é mais evidente: houve por parte do dramaturgo musical alemão a intensa produção de ensaios e reflexões, principalmente em torno do projeto do Anel do Nibelungo. Desse modo, as decisões criativas propostas por Wagner dialogam com uma mediação histórica que ao mesmo interpela os dados parciais da tradição e os redefine em nova abordagem de encenação.

Abstract: Today, the classification of hate speech in Arabic tweets has garnered significant attention from scholars worldwide. Although numerous classification approaches proposed in response to this interest, two primary challenges persist are reliance on handcrafted features and limited performance rates. This paper addresses the task of identifying Arabic hate speech on Twitter, aiming to deepen insights into the efficacy of novel machine-learning techniques. Specifically, we compare the performance of traditional machine learning-based approaches with state-of-the-art pre-trained language models based on Transfer Learning, as well as deep learning models. Our experiments, conducted on a benchmark dataset using a standard evaluation scenario, reveal several key findings. Firstly, multidialectal pre-trained language models demonstrate superior performance compared to monolingual and multilingual variants. Secondly, fine-tuning the pre-trained large language models significantly enhances the accuracy of hate speech classification in Arabic tweets. Our primary contribution lies in achieving promising results for the corresponding task through the application of multidialectal pre-trained language models trained on Twitter data.

Abstract: Given the current social distance restrictions across the world, most individuals now use social media as their major medium of communication. Due to this, millions of people suffering from mental diseases have been isolated, and they are unable to get help in person. They have become more reliant on online venues to express themselves and seek advice on dealing with their mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 450 million people are affected. Mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, etc., are immensely common and have affected an individual’s physical health. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have been presented to help mental health providers, including psychiatrists and psychologists, in decision-making based on patients’ authentic information (e.g., medical records, behavioral data, social media utilization, etc.). AI innovations have demonstrated predominant execution in numerous real-world applications, broadening from computer vision to healthcare. This study analyzed unstructured user data on the Reddit platform and classified five common mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and PTSD. In this paper, we proposed a Transformer model with late fusion methods to combine the two texts (title and post) of the dataset into the model to detect the mental disorders of individuals. We compared the proposed models with traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning multi-class models. Our proposed Transformer model with the late fusion method outperformed (F1 score = 89.65) the state-of-the-art performance (F1 score = 89 [35]). This effort will benefit the public health system by automating the detection process and informing the appropriate authorities about people who need emergency assistance.

Abstract: A deep neural network is a branch of machine learning that is capable of learning and representing complex patterns from a dataset through interconnected multiple layers of neurons. This capability makes it applicable in various fields, such as natural language processing, image processing, and computer vision. Deep learning models show effective performance but face challenges such as complexity and resource demands. On the other hand, quantum machine learning algorithms offer an alternative with potential efficiency compared to their classical counterparts. This paper proposes a Quantum Recurrent Neural Network (QRNN) for natural language processing tasks, which classify text data such as parts of speech, named entity recognition, and sentiment analysis. The proposed method utilizes parameterized quantum circuits that contain the tunable parameters. Our approach uses amplitude encoding to represent classical data into quantum states, partial measurement for label determination, and ancilla qubits to transfer the information from the current state to the next.

Abstract In pursuit of becoming an innovative country by 2049, for the centennial of the People’s Republic of China, the recent Chinese economic growth is impressive and gives this nation the prediction of occupying the position of first world economy by 2030. This performance has aroused an interest in understanding how the relationship between the State, university, and industry has contributed to such economic development. To this end, this exploratory research made use of bibliographic, documental, and field research (interviews and questionnaire application). The data were analyzed using theoretical content analysis, with theoretical categories derived from the Triple Helix Theory and Knowledge Transfer. The findings indicate that this is a virtuous relationship that occurs asymmetrically with a State with multiple responsibilities and committed to the driving forces of economic development, oscillating between a “strong state” and an “effective state”. 2049 Peoples People s China 2030 university development end bibliographic documental interviews application. application . application) analysis Transfer strong state effective state. 204 203 20 2

Resumo Em busca de se tornar um país inovador até 2049, para o centenário da República Popular da China, o recente crescimento econômico chinês impressiona e dá a essa nação a previsão de ocupar o posto de primeira economia mundial até 2030. Desempenho este que despertou o interesse de compreender de que modo a relação entre Estado, universidade e empresa tem contribuído para tal desenvolvimento econômico. Para tanto, esta investigação, de caráter exploratório, fez uso de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo (entrevistas e aplicação de questionário). Os dados foram tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo teórica, com as categorias teóricas elaboradas a partir da teoria Tríplice Hélice e Transferência do Conhecimento. Os achados indicam se tratar de uma relação virtuosa, que ocorre de forma assimétrica com um Estado de múltiplas responsabilidades e comprometido com as forças propulsoras do desenvolvimento econômico, oscilando entre um “Estado forte” e um “Estado efetivo”. 2049 China 2030 tanto investigação exploratório bibliográfica entrevistas questionário. questionário . questionário) teórica Conhecimento virtuosa forte efetivo. efetivo efetivo” 204 203 20 2

Resumen En busca de convertirse en un país innovador en 2049, para el centenario de la República Popular China, el reciente crecimiento económico chino es impresionante y da a esta nación la previsión de ocupar la posición de primera economía mundial en 2030. Esta actuación ha despertado el interés de comprender cómo la relación entre el Estado, la universidad y la empresa ha contribuido a dicho desarrollo económico. Para ello, esta investigación, de carácter exploratorio, se valió de la investigación bibliográfica, documental y de campo (entrevistas y aplicación de un cuestionario). Los datos fueron tratados mediante análisis de contenido teórico, con categorías teóricas elaboradas a partir de la teoría de la Triple Hélice y la Transferencia de Conocimiento. Los resultados indican que se trata de una relación virtuosa que se produce de forma asimétrica con un Estado con múltiples responsabilidades y comprometido con las fuerzas motrices del desarrollo económico, oscilando entre un “Estado fuerte” y un “Estado eficaz”. 2049 China 2030 ello exploratorio bibliográfica entrevistas cuestionario. cuestionario . cuestionario) teórico Conocimiento fuerte eficaz. eficaz eficaz” 204 203 20 2

ABSTRACT At the end of the 1970s, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) promoted policies to attract investments from the developed capitalist world, aiming for technological transfer and offering a profitable environment in exchange. Although the TNC capital, know-how, and technology have been key factors for Chinese development, the State has planned and regulated those investments, so they can be aligned with an autonomous project of development, avoiding the classic centre-periphery dependency relationship. This paper analysis focuses on the Five-Year Plans, and the regulation policy laws for inward investment. At the end we analyse the FDI data, which allowed us to identify the main changes and distinct phases of the development of FDI and the State policy. 1970s s Peoples People PRC (PRC world exchange capital knowhow, knowhow know how, how know-how centreperiphery centre periphery relationship FiveYear Five Year Plans investment data

RESUMO No final da década de 1970, a República Popular da China (RPC) promoveu políticas de atração de investimentos do mundo capitalista desenvolvido, visando à transferência tecnológica e oferecendo um ambiente lucrativo em troca. Embora o capital, o know-how e a tecnologia das ETN tenham sido fatores fundamentais para o desenvolvimento chinês, o Estado planejou e regulou esses investimentos, de modo que possam ser alinhados a um projeto autônomo de desenvolvimento, evitando a clássica relação de dependência centro-periferia. A análise deste trabalho centra-se nos Planos Quinquenais e nas leis de política de regulação para o investimento interno. Ao final analisamos os dados do IDE, que nos permitiram identificar as principais mudanças e distintas fases do desenvolvimento do IDE e da política de Estado. 1970 RPC (RPC desenvolvido troca capital knowhow know how chinês centroperiferia. centroperiferia centro periferia. periferia centro-periferia centrase centra se interno 197 19 1

BACKGROUND: The transfer of all types of knowledge in occupational therapy practice is complex, and there is little agreement globally on the most important types of knowledge that inform clinical practice. This study aimed to uncover the perspectives of occupational therapists in the Free State, South Africa on knowledge transfer in clinical practice. METHODOLOGY: Q methodology was used to collect data from 14 occupational therapists utilising Q Method Software. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed two factors with eigenvalues of greater than 1. Factor 1 had an eigenvalue of 2.97, and factor 2 had an eigenvalue of 1.48. These two factors were constructed from six and five participants' Q Sorts respectively, with the highest factor loads for factor 1 and factor 2. Thematic content analysis of these two factors identified two themes, namely: client-centred philosophy and practice informed through clinical reasoning. CONCLUSION: The strategic use of Q methodology presented empirical evidence of the transfer and utilisation of all types of knowledge in clinical practice in the Free State, South Africa. The results indicated the transfer of propositional, procedural, personal, and client knowledge strengthens client-centred practice and manifests in clinical reasoning. Furthermore, the results indicate an interdependence between the types of knowledge, meaning that it is important that therapists utilise all types of knowledge and not rely on only one form of knowledge when they work with patients to promote well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Q Methodology is an ideal research method to identify the subjective perspectives of participants where different opinions on a topic might exist. • Clinicians hold a wealth of practice experience and personal knowledge that should be shared and captured through research. • The client's voice needs to be heard more often to ensure client-centred practice is not only an idea on paper.