Resumen: La ejecución de proyectos de construcción, a menudo presenta obstáculos y desviaciones, lo que genera incumplimientos. La necesidad de mejorar la gestión del desempeño del cronograma es crucial para el cumplimiento de las metas del proyecto. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores clave del desempeño del cronograma en proyectos de construcción con el propósito de plantear estrategias de mejora. Se elaboró un cuestionario de escala con 54 factores seleccionados a partir de la literatura, el cual fue aplicado a profesionales que se desenvuelven en proyectos de construcción en el Perú. Posteriormente se aplicó el estadístico de análisis factorial a las respuestas de los encuestados en 2 conjuntos de datos: factores de éxito y fracaso. El análisis agrupó por separado en 6 factores comunes de éxito y 7 factores comunes de fracaso. Para identificar los factores clave se llevó a cabo una segunda encuesta en base a los factores comunes y se clasificó utilizando el Índice de Importancia Relativa. Los resultados revelaron cómo los 3 primeros factores de éxito clasificados a: compromiso de los involucrados del proyecto, competencia del gerente de proyecto y competencia del propietario. Los factores de fracaso encontrados fueron: conflicto entre los involucrados del proyecto, falta de conocimiento del gerente del proyecto y la incompetencia del propietario. Se plantearon estrategias de mejora, que pueden ser empleados por los involucrados, principalmente por los gerentes, pues en estos profesionales recae la toma de decisiones, por ello, es necesario invertir tiempo y experiencia para resolver los problemas del desempeño del cronograma.

Abstract: The execution of construction projects often presents obstacles and deviations, which generate non-compliance. The need to improve schedule performance management is crucial to meeting project goals. This work aimed to identify the key factors of schedule performance in construction projects with the purpose of proposing improvement strategies. A scale questionnaire was developed with 54 factors selected from the literature, which was applied to professionals who work in construction projects in Peru. Subsequently, the factor analysis statistic was applied to the responses of the participants in 2 sets of data: success and failure factors. The analysis grouped separately into 6 common success factors and 7 common failure factors. To identify the key factors, a second survey was carried out based on the common factors and classified using the Relative Importance Index. The results revealed how the top 3 success factors classified as: commitment of those involved in the project, competence of the project manager and competence of the owner. The failure factors found were: conflict between those involved in the project, lack of knowledge of the project manager and the incompetence of the owner. Improvement strategies were proposed, which can be used by those involved, mainly by managers, since decision-making falls on these professionals, therefore, it is necessary to invest time and experience to resolve schedule performance problems.

Abstract: The current study attempts to address the relationship between material waste and change orders in residential building projects implemented in the West Bank in Palestine. The main objectives include: (1) identify the main factors affecting change orders in residential projects, (2) identify the main factors affecting martial waste eon construction sites, (3) address the relationship between change orders and construction material waste, (4) develop prediction model that shows the impact of change orders on material waste. To achieve this, two methods are used: (1) questionnaire survey is conducted to identify the main factors affecting change orders and the major factors of material waste on construction sites. Fourteen (14) factors believed to affect change orders and 15 factors that might affect material waste are investigated in this study. (2) Case study is conducted to address the impact of change orders on material waste. Data collected from 40 residential building projects implemented in the West Bank in Palestine. Regression analysis is used to establish the predictive model that relates the change orders and material waste. Results indicate that the top five factors affecting change orders include: change of project scope by owner, shortage in equipment and materials, change in materials, design mistakes, and change of plans by owner. It also shows that the top five factors affecting material waste are: rework, lack of labors skills, design errors, purchasing materials not complying with specifications, and frequent design changes. The results revealed a strong relationship between number of change orders and construction material waste on site.

Resumen: El presente estudio intenta abordar la relación entre el desperdicio de materiales y las órdenes de cambio en proyectos de construcción residencial implementados en Cisjordania, Palestina. Los principales objetivos incluyen: (1) identificar los principales factores que afectan las órdenes de cambio en proyectos residenciales, (2) identificar los principales factores que afectan el desperdicio de material en los sitios de construcción, (3) abordar la relación entre las órdenes de cambio y el desperdicio de material de construcción, (4) Desarrollar un modelo de predicción que muestre el impacto de las órdenes de cambio en el desperdicio de material. Para lograr esto, se utilizan dos métodos: (1) se realiza una encuesta por cuestionario para identificar los principales factores que afectan las órdenes de cambio y los principales factores de desperdicio de material en los sitios de construcción. En este estudio se investigan catorce (14) factores que se cree que afectan las órdenes de cambio y 15 factores que podrían afectar el desperdicio de material. (2) Se realiza un estudio de caso para abordar el impacto de las órdenes de cambio en el desperdicio de material. Datos recopilados de 40 proyectos de construcción residencial implementados en Cisjordania, Palestina. El análisis de regresión se utiliza para establecer el modelo predictivo que relaciona las órdenes de cambio y el desperdicio de material. Los resultados indican que los cinco factores principales que afectan las órdenes de cambio incluyen: cambio del alcance del proyecto por parte del propietario, escasez de equipos y materiales, cambio de materiales, errores de diseño y cambio de planes por parte del propietario. También muestra que los cinco factores principales que afectan el desperdicio de material son: retrabajo, falta de habilidades laborales, errores de diseño, compra de materiales que no cumplen con las especificaciones y cambios frecuentes de diseño. Los resultados revelaron una fuerte relación entre el número de órdenes de cambio y el desperdicio de material de construcción en el sitio.

Abstract: Variation orders became one of the major issues presented in construction projects. The nature of work in the construction industry is complex and difficult. Thus, variation orders are expected to occur in every project due to its nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of variation orders in construction projects in Egypt according to the perspective of professional parties working for medium and small-sized construction companies. The main method used for data collection was a questionnaire survey with experts working in the Egyptian construction industry, where 62 participants from 18 construction companies were invited to take part in the study, and 51 of them accepted the invitation. The findings showed the top-ranked causes of variation orders according to small and medium-sized construction companies were poor communication, omissions in the design, financial limitations of the owner, additional work requested by the client, and the contractor’s desire to gain more profits. Thus, a proper understanding of the causes of the problem can help establish a suitable criterion for reducing variation orders in construction projects in Egypt. The contribution of this study lies in the fact that only a very limited number of research explored the perspective of medium and small-sized construction companies in Egypt. The study can be useful for other countries with similar working conditions and still suffering from the adverse impact of variation orders.

Resumen: Las órdenes de cambio se han convertido en uno de los principales problemas observados en los proyectos de construcción. La naturaleza del trabajo en la industria de la construcción es compleja y difícil. Por lo tanto, es de esperar que las órdenes de cambio ocurran en cada proyecto debido a su naturaleza. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar las causas de las órdenes de cambio en proyectos de construcción en Egipto considerando la perspectiva de los profesionales que trabajan para empresas constructoras de tamaño medio y pequeño. El principal método utilizado para la recolección de datos fue una encuesta de cuestionario aplicada a expertos que trabajan en la industria de la construcción egipcia. Se invitó a 62 participantes de 18 empresas constructoras a participar en el estudio, de los cuales 51 aceptaron la invitación. Los hallazgos revelaron que las principales causas de las órdenes de cambio para las empresas constructoras de tamaño mediano y pequeño fueron la comunicación deficiente, omisiones en el diseño, limitaciones financieras del propietario, trabajo adicional solicitado por el cliente y el deseo del contratista de obtener más beneficios. La comprensión adecuada de estas causas puede ser útil para establecer un criterio adecuado para reducir las órdenes de cambio en los proyectos de construcción en Egipto. Este estudio contribuye al mejorar el muy limitado número de investigaciones que han explorado la perspectiva de las empresas constructoras de tamaño mediano y pequeño en Egipto. De igual forma, puede ser útil para otros países con condiciones de trabajo similares y que aún sufren el impacto adverso de las órdenes de cambio.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el papel del componente de alfabetización financiera islámica en la creación de inclusión financiera y el desarrollo de microempresas en Indonesia. En este estudio se empleó un diseño de investigación transversal y se recolectaron datos de 138 microempresas ubicadas en Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de ruta y se adoptó IBM SPSS 26 para probar la hipótesis. Este estudio reveló que solo dos de los componentes de alfabetización financiera islámica influyen positivamente y significativamente en la inclusión financiera islámica. Este estudio también encontró que solo un componente de la alfabetización financiera islámica influye positiva y significativamente en el desempeño de las microempresas. Otros hallazgos muestran una relación positiva y significativa entre la inclusión financiera islámica y el desempeño de las microempresas. Este estudio indica que el componente de la educación financiera islámica desempeña un papel importante en la promoción de la inclusión financiera islámica, que es necesaria para el crecimiento de las microempresas en Indonesia. El propietario o gerente de microempresas debe aumentar su alfabetización financiera islámica a través de diversos programas de capacitación. Este es el primer estudio en Indonesia en investigar el papel de la literaria financiera islámica en la inclusión financiera y el desarrollo de microempresas. Este estudio tiene limitaciones en cuanto al tamaño de la muestra y la ubicación de la investigación.

Abstract This research aims to look at the role of Islamic financial literacy component in creating financial inclusion and developing micro-businesses in Indonesia. Cross sectional research design was employed in this study and data were collected from 138 micro-business located in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The data was analyzed using path analysis and IBM SPSS 26 was adopted to testing the hypotesis. This study revealed that only two of Islamic financial literacy components positively and significant influences Islamic financial inclusion. This study also found that only one component of Islamic financial literacy positively and significantly influences micro-business performance. Other findings show a positive and significant relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and micro-business performance. This study indicates that component of Islamic financial literacy play an important role in promoting Islamic financial inclution which is necessary for growth of micro-business in Indonesia. Owner or manager of micro-business should increase their Islamic financial literacy through various training programs. This is the first study in Indonesia in investigating the role of Islamic financial litaracy on financial inclusion and micro-business development. This study has limitations in sample size and research location.

Abstract 20. In Peru, cattle fasciolosis is an important problem in the livestock industry, causing economic losses, being widely distributed and whit endemic livestock areas. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors in the Arequipa region. A total of 1,838 fecal samples were examined using the metal mesh sieving technique and the sediment was examined under a microscope. The owner was interviewed to learn about the management characteristics of his livestock. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression model, ANOVA was used for the variables to show significance (p<0.05) and the Odds Ratio was calculated for the factors within the variables, with risk values greater than 1. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in the Arequipa region was moderate (34.65%), and the prevalence by provinces was 70.30%, 61.98%, 32.05%, 12.91%, 12.71%, and 3.57% for Caylloma, Condesuyos, Islay, Castilla, Arequipa, and Camaná, respectively. The risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infection that showed significance (p<0.05) were the age of juveniles and adults, the water consumed from the ditch/ river, the dosage every 6 and 12 months, and the locations of Machaguay, Chuquibamba, Iray, Andaray, Canocota, Chivay, Coporaque, Ichupampa, Achoma, Maca, Cabanaconde, Polobaya, San José de Uzuña, Vítor, Mollendo, Huambo, La Joya, Viraco, Piaca, and Pocsi. The results of the present study suggest the implementation of a control program through training, periodic treatment, and improvement in cattle management.

Resumen 16. La fasciolosis en ganado bovino del Perú es un importante problema en la industria pecuaria, porque ocasiona pérdidas económicas, es de amplia distribución y con zonas ganaderas endémicas; por tal razón se realizó el estudio, para determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo en la región Arequipa. Se examinaron 1.838 muestras de heces, mediante la técnica del tamizado en mallas metálicas y el sedimento fue examinado bajo microscopio. Se entrevistó al propietario, para conocer las características de manejo de su ganado. Los datos fueron analizados por un modelo de regresión logística múltiple, para las variables se utilizó ANOVA para mostrar la significancia y el Odds Ratio fue calculado para los factores dentro de las variables, siendo de riesgo valores mayores a 1. La prevalencia de fasciolosis bovina en la región Arequipa fue moderada (34,65%) y la prevalencia por provincias fue de 70,30%, 61,98%, 32,05%, 12,91%, 12,71%, 3,57%, para Caylloma, Condesuyos, Islay, Castilla, Arequipa y Camaná, respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo de infección de Fasciola hepatica que mostraron significancia (p<0,05) fueron la edad de juveniles y adultos, el agua de consumo de acequia/río, la dosificación cada 6 y 12 meses y las localidades de Machaguay, Chuquibamba, Iray, Andaray, Canocota, Chivay, Coporaque, Ichupampa, Achoma, Maca, Cabanaconde, Polobaya, San José de Uzuña, Vítor, Mollendo, Huambo, La Joya, Viraco, Piaca y Pocsi. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten sugerir la implementación de un programa de control a través de capacitaciones, tratamiento periódico y mejora en el manejo del ganado.

The potential benefits of implementing the Last Planner System (LPS) on mining infrastructure projects were explored through two case studies in the South African mining industry. The first part of the study involved measurement of the impact of LPS through earned value techniques on secondary project data. The second part sought to establish the lean construction success factors leading to improvements in construction performance. This was done by means of a research questionnaire distributed to the project owner's teams, contracted parties, and the LPS facilitators. The results revealed a positive correlation between LPS application and planned percentage complete. However, the performance achieved during the LPS pilot was not sustained. The success factors and benefits considered most evident in the case study pilot differed among the three stakeholder groups. The findings are expected to guide construction stakeholders to better define performance measures and focus on factors required to make LPS implementation more effective in the South African mining sector.

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the efficacy of an intra-articular injection of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived from mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs. The study group included 12 otherwise healthy dogs of different breeds, ages, weights, and degrees of hip dysplasia diagnosed using radiography. An orthopedic assessment was performed on all dogs before and at 30, 60, and 90 days after infusion of AD-MSCs(2 × 106cells). On the same days, each dog’s owner answered a questionnaire based on theHelsinkiChronic Pain Index. The data were converted to ordinal data based on the score for each variable, and the Friedman test for multiple comparisons was used to verify the results. Compared with the corresponding values on day 0, orthopedic and gait assessments and owners’ reported pain indexes improved over the 90-day observation period. These results suggested that treatment with allogeneic AD-MSCs significantly reduced the clinical signs associated with hip dysplasia during the study period. However, long-term studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic protocol for routine clinical use of AD-MSCs in hip dysplasia. ABSTRACT intraarticular intra articular tissuederived tissue derived ADMSCs AD MSCs (AD-MSCs 1 breeds ages weights radiography 30 60 9 ADMSCs2 2 AD-MSCs( 106cells. 106cells . 106cells) dog s Index variable 0 owners 90day period However longterm long term 3 6

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia clínica da aplicação intra-articular de células-tronco mesenquimais alógenas derivadas do tecido adiposo (AD-CTM) no tratamento de cães portadores de osteoartrite secundária a displasia do coxofemoral (DCF). Doze cães de ambos os sexos, diferentes raças, idades e peso, portadores de graus variados de DCF comprovada em radiografia e livres de quaisquer outras alterações clínicas ou ortopédicas, foram utilizados no estudo. Todos os cães foram submetidos a avaliação ortopédica nos dias 0, 30, 60 e 90 após aplicação de AD-CTM na dose de 2 x 106. Além disso, os tutores preencheram a um questionário, baseado no Índice de dor crônica de Helsinque (IDCH) nos mesmos intervalos. Em comparação com o dia 0, observou-se melhora significativa na avalição em locomoção e físico-ortopédica assim como na avaliação dos tutores pelo IDCH ao longo dos 90 dias. Os resultados permitem inferir que as AD-CTM alógenas contribuíram significativamente para a redução dos sinais clínicos comumente associados a DCF durante o período de estudo. Entretanto, há necessidade de estudos de longo prazo para melhor determinação de protocolos terapêuticos baseados no uso de AD-CTM na rotina clínica. RESUMO intraarticular intra articular célulastronco células tronco ADCTM AD CTM (AD-CTM DCF. . (DCF) sexos raças peso ortopédicas 0 30 6 9 106 disso questionário (IDCH intervalos observouse observou se físicoortopédica físico Entretanto (DCF 3 10 1

Abstract Accumulation of heavy metals in soil can lead to the deterioration of soil quality, reduce soil fertility and crop yields, and thus threaten human and animal health. The study aimed to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils in Kazakhstan. The study was carried out in 2021 on the soils of the Zhdanovskoye owner-operated farm in the Sokolovsko-Sarybai district of the Kostanay region. The quantitative content of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), was determined, and concentrations of trace elements, such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), were calculated for the considered contaminated lands. The potential ecological risk index (RI) proposed by L. Hakanson was used in the study concerning heavy metal contamination of soil. As a result, the presence of trace elements and heavy metals in the considered areas of the Kostanay region was shown. The RI values for all sites ranged from 137 to 447, corresponding to the level of ecological risk grading from low to high. The average RI for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cu amounted to 328, which indicates a high ecological risk. Detected levels of As, Cd, Zn, and Pb in long-term abandoned mining areas were well above national thresholds, indicating the impending need to fully investigate and assess the suitability of the land for further agricultural use. The availability of such data will allow predicting cluster-based development of processing infrastructures in the vicinity of agricultural lands. quality yields health Kazakhstan 202 owneroperated owner operated SokolovskoSarybai Sokolovsko Sarybai , (Pb) Hg (Hg) (As) Cd (Cd) determined Zn (Zn) Cu, (Cu) Fe, Fe (Fe) Mn, Mn (Mn) lands (RI L result shown 13 447 Ni 328 longterm long term thresholds use clusterbased cluster based 20 (Pb (Hg (As (Cd (Zn (Cu (Fe (Mn 1 44 32 2 4 3

Resumo A acumulação de metais pesados no solo pode levar à deterioração da qualidade do solo, reduzir a fertilidade do solo e o rendimento das colheitas, ameaçando assim a saúde humana e animal. O conteúdo quantitativo de metais pesados, como chumbo (Pb), mercúrio (Hg), arsênio (As) e cádmio (Cd), foi determinado, e as concentrações de oligoelementos, como zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe) e manganês (Mn), foram calculadas para as terras consideradas contaminadas. O índice de risco ecológico potencial (IR) proposto por L. Hakanson foi utilizado no estudo de contaminação do solo por metais pesados. Como resultado, foi demonstrada a presença de oligoelementos e metais pesados nas áreas consideradas da região de Kostanay. Os valores de IR para todos os locais variaram de 137 a 447, correspondendo ao nível de classificação de risco ecológico de baixo a alto. O IR médio para As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni e Cu foi de 328, o que indica um alto risco ecológico. Os níveis detectados de As, Cd, Zn e Pb em áreas mineiras abandonadas há muito tempo estavam bem acima dos limites nacionais, indicando a necessidade iminente de investigar e avaliar exaustivamente a adequação da terra para posterior utilização agrícola. A disponibilidade de tais dados permitirá prever o desenvolvimento baseado em clusters de infraestruturas de processamento nas proximidades de terras agrícolas. colheitas animal , (Pb) Hg (Hg) As (As Cd (Cd) determinado (Zn) Cu, (Cu) Fe (Fe Mn, Mn (Mn) contaminadas (IR L resultado Kostanay 13 447 328 nacionais agrícola agrícolas (Pb (Hg (Cd (Zn (Cu (Mn 1 44 32 4 3

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to know the profile of Brazilian cat owners and their perceptions of responsible ownership and the veterinary care environment. The application of a semi-structured online questionnaire investigating the owner’s socioeconomic level and perception of knowledge concerning health care and history of medical-veterinary care of their cats using the snowball method. A total of 5,213 participants were included, of which: 93% were women, 52% were single and lived in urban areas (96%). Fifty nine per cent of the owners answered that their cat is taken to the veterinary care service only when it shows a clinical sign and 65% of them feel anxious when they need to take their cats to the vet. Only 1% of the owner did not consider the cat as a family member. Concerning the veterinary care scenario, 40% of the owners answered that at least once, that their cat(s) had been handled inappropriately by veterinary service professionals, and they believed that low affinity with the species and excessive restraint were the main causes for this misconduct. Around 40% of the owners had already changed their veterinarian because of this inappropriate interaction/handling. Conclusion and relevancethe data presented point to the importance of implementing and improving friendly and gentle care practices with cats and their owners. ABSTRACT environment semistructured semi structured s medicalveterinary medical method 5213 5 213 5,21 included which 93 women 52 96%. 96 96% . (96%) 65 vet 1 member scenario 40 once cat(s professionals misconduct interactionhandling interaction handling interaction/handling 521 21 5,2 9 (96% 6 4 2 5, (96 (9 (

RESUMO: O número de gatos vem crescendo nos lares brasileiros e estima-se que dentro de aproximadamente uma década ultrapasse o de cães. Esse aumento gera demanda de serviços veterinários que estejam aptos a receber apropriadamente felinos e seus donos. Os gatos são considerados animais muito reativos às adversidades, o que faz com que possam ser levados a um estado de estresse rapidamente. A má compreensão de como reagem ao medo e à dor dificulta o andamento das consultas e leva a subsequente falta de cuidados veterinários de rotina. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil de tutores, percepções sobre o comportamento felino e possíveis obstáculos enfrentados por eles no que diz respeito aos cuidados com a saúde dos pets. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionário semiestruturado disponibilizado em plataforma online. Foram incluídos 5.213 participantes, dos quais: 93% eram mulheres, 52% eram solteiros e residiam em áreas urbanas (96%). Cinquenta e nove por cento dos proprietários responderam que seu gato só é conduzido para consulta quando apresenta algum sinal de doença e 65% deles ficam ansiosos quando precisam levar seus gatos ao veterinário. Em relação ao cenário do atendimento veterinário, 40% dos proprietários responderam que seus gatos já foram manipulados de maneira inadequada por profissionais do serviço sendo a baixa afinidade com a espécie e a contenção excessiva as principais condutas observadas. Cerca de 40% dos proprietários já trocaram de veterinário por conta dessas condutas. Os dados apresentados apontam para a importância de implementar e melhorar práticas de cuidados amigáveis e gentis com gatos e seus donos para que a saúde e bem estar desses animais sejam preservadas. RESUMO estimase estima se cães adversidades rapidamente rotina disso tutores pets online 5213 5 213 5.21 participantes quais 93 mulheres 52 96%. 96 96% . (96%) 65 40 observadas preservadas 521 21 5.2 9 (96% 6 4 2 5. (96 (9 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Information management contributes to the development of organizations, as it enables the availability, access and use of information for decision making. Objective: This article seeks to present the challenges of information management at the strategic level of a company in the banking sector. Methodology: The interview was used as the instrument for collecting data that was analyzed through the Discourse of the Collective Subject, with the identification of three categories of analysis: access, registration and organization. Results: Difficulties in accessing and understanding information and the need to turn to experts, the owner of the information, were identified; in addition to the large volume of information and limited time to access and interact with it and the lack of incentive or appreciation for recording information in project development and the existence of multiple channels that make access and appropriation of information by subjects difficult. Conclusion: The results point to the need for greater attention to the user in information management processes, in order to provide adequate and facilitated access to information repositories, management of available channels, encouragement of registration and the need to discard information obsolete. Introduction organizations availability making Objective sector Methodology Subject analysis organization Results experts identified difficult Conclusion processes repositories obsolete

RESUMO Introdução: A gestão da informação contribui para o desenvolvimento das organizações, à medida que possibilita a disponibilização, acesso e uso da informação para a tomada de decisões. Objetivo: Este artigo busca apresentar os desafios da gestão da informação no nível estratégico de uma empresa do setor bancário. Metodologia: Utilizou-se da entrevista como instrumento de coleta de dados que formam analisados por meio do Discurso do sujeito coletivo, com a identificação de três categorias de análise, quais sejam acesso, registro e organização. Resultados: Foram identificadas a dificuldade de acesso e compreensão da informação e a necessidade de recorrer a especialistas, ao dono da informação; além do grande volume de informações e tempo escasso para acesso e interação com elas e de não haver incentivo ou valorização do registro de informações em desenvolvimento de projetos e a existência de múltiplos canais que dificultam o acesso e apropriação da informação pelos sujeitos. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de maior atenção ao usuário nos processos de gestão da informação, a fim de propiciar o acesso adequado e facilitado aos repositórios de informação, o gerenciamento dos canais disponíveis, o incentivo ao registro e a necessidade do descarte da informação obsoleta. Introdução organizações disponibilização decisões Objetivo bancário Metodologia Utilizouse Utilizou se coletivo análise organização Resultados especialistas sujeitos Conclusão disponíveis obsoleta

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em verificar o efeito da mudança tarifária, moderado pela propriedade do capital, no retorno anormal de empresas brasileiras do setor de utilidade pública. Com base na perspectiva da captura, a regulação pode ser capturada pelo regulado, e a propriedade do capital pode modelar a pressão das empresas sobre o regulador por decisões regulatórias favoráveis a seus interesses. Tal indagação ainda não foi investigada. No processo regulatório, as decisões do regulador geralmente envolvem o aumento do preço administrado. Como consequência, a legitimidade do regulador é questionada, sugerindo que suas decisões têm sido tendenciosas aos interesses das empresas. Este estudo coloca luz sobre o tema. As evidências fornecem informação sobre como a identidade privada do proprietário controlador pode levar a empresa a obter retorno superior ao custo do capital por meio do processo regulatório. A amostra foi composta por empresas reguladas (setores de água e saneamento, gás natural canalizado e energia elétrica), no período de 2007 a 2019. As variáveis utilizadas foram: retorno anormal (dependente); mudança tarifária e propriedade do capital (independentes); e alavancagem, crescimento econômico, tamanho e setor. Os dados foram estimados por meio de um modelo de efeitos aleatórios, método dos mínimos quadrados generalizados; e robustez usando painel dinâmico com GMM-SYS (todas as observações). Os resultados apontam que a identidade privada do proprietário do capital pode conduzir a decisões regulatórias mais alinhadas aos interesses de maximização da rentabilidade das empresas reguladas. Os resultados se alinham à perspectiva da racionalidade econômica dos investidores privados à maximização dos retornos e à perspectiva de que os investidores públicos priorizam outros resultados, em vez de retornos anormais pública captura regulado investigada regulatório administrado consequência questionada tema setores saneamento elétrica, elétrica , elétrica) 200 2019 dependente (dependente) independentes (independentes) alavancagem econômico aleatórios generalizados GMMSYS GMM SYS todas observações. observações . observações) 20 201 (dependente (independentes 2

Abstract The aim of this article was to examine the effect of tariff changes, moderated by capital ownership, on the abnormal return of Brazilian public utility companies. Based on the capture perspective, regulation can be captured by the regulated party, and capital ownership can shape the pressure from companies on the regulator for regulatory decisions that are favorable to their interests. This issue has not yet been investigated. In the regulatory process, the regulator's decisions generally involve increasing the administered price. As a result, the legitimacy of the regulator is questioned, suggesting that its decisions are biased towards the interests of companies. This study sheds light on this issue. The evidence shows how the private identity of the controlling owner can lead the company to earn a return above the cost of capital through the regulatory process. The sample consisted of regulated companies (from the water and sanitation, piped natural gas and electricity sectors) from 2007 to 2019. The variables used were: abnormal return (dependent); tariff change and capital ownership (independent); and leverage, economic growth, size and sector. The data were estimated using a random effects model, generalized least squares and robustness using a dynamic panel with GMM-SYS (all observations). The results show that the private identity of the owner of the capital can lead to regulatory decisions that are more aligned with the interests of maximizing the profitability of the regulated companies. The results are consistent with the perspective of the economic rationality of private investors to maximize returns and the perspective that public investors prioritize other outcomes rather than abnormal returns. changes party investigated process regulators s price result questioned sanitation sectors 200 2019 dependent (dependent) independent (independent) leverage growth sector model GMMSYS GMM SYS all observations. observations . observations) 20 201 (dependent (independent 2

Die volhoubaarheid van klein- en mediumgrootte kontrakteurs (SMC's) is noodsaaklik met inagneming van die kritieke rol wat hulle in sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling wêreldwyd speel. SMC's in Namibië worstel deur die jare deurlopend omdat hulle misluk, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan robuuste beleidsraamwerke om SMC-ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid in die land te rig. Hierdie studie ondersoek die kritieke suksesfaktore (GSF's) vir SMC's se volhoubaarheid in Namibië. Deur 'n kwalitatiewe benadering te gebruik, is data ingesamel van 60 doelbewus geselekteerde konstruksiebedryfdeelnemers, bestaande uit eienaar-bestuurders van kontrakterende firmas, beleidmakers en konstruksie professionele konsultante. Onderhoude is met die deelnemers gevoer deur gebruik te maak van 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudsinstrument. Data is ontleed met behulp van refleksiewe tematiese analise. Die bevindinge het ses GSF's aan die lig gebring wat insluit die openbare en private instellings se samewerkende ondersteuning, vaardigheidsopleiding, 'n bemagtigende konstruksie-besigheidsomgewing, toegang tot voldoende en bekostigbare finansiering, konsekwente werksgeleenthede en firma eienaar se entrepreneuriese vaardighede. Die geïdentifiseerde CSF's is gebruik vir die ontwikkeling van 'n raamwerk vir die rigtinggewing van die ontwikkeling van SMC's in Namibië. Deur die ses CSF-faktore in die raamwerk in te sluit, kan SMC's effektief ontwikkel en volgehou word. Die raamwerk kan beleidmakers help om fundamentele beleidshervormings te maak en toepaslike en konteksspesifieke intervensies te ontwikkel om SMC's in Namibië en soortgelyke kontekste in stand te hou.

The sustainability of small and medium-sized contractors (SMCs) is vital, considering the critical role they play in socio-economic development globally. SMCs in Namibia have been consistently grappling with high failure rates over the years, largely due to a dearth of robust policy frameworks to guide SMC development and sustainability in the country. This study investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) for SMCs' sustainability in Namibia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected from 60 purposively selected construction industry participants, comprising owner-managers of contracting firms, policymakers, and construction professional consultants. Interviews were conducted with the participants, using a semi-structured interview tool. Data were then analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings revealed six CSFs, including public and private institutions' collaborative support, skills training, an enabling construction business environment, access to adequate and affordable finance, consistent work opportunities, and firm owner's entrepreneurial skills. The identified CSFs culminated in the development of a framework for guiding the development of SMCs in Namibia. By incorporating the six CSFs in the framework, SMCs could be effectively developed and sustained. The framework may assist policymakers in making fundamental policy reforms and developing appropriate and context-specific interventions to sustain SMCs in Namibia and similar contexts.

Tot op hede is baie min navorsing gedoen oor die konsep van korporatiewe sosiale verantwoordelikheid (KSV), veral die praktyk van KSV binne die globale en plaaslike konstruksiebedryf. Dit strek tot studies wat KSV-implementeringsuitdagings identifiseer wat konstruksie-organisasies raak. Hierdie werk poog om die KSV-implementeringsuitdagings wat klein en medium ondernemings (KMO)-eienaars/ bestuurders in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksie bedryf raak, te ondersoek, en om te analiseer of KMO's soortgelyk of anders geraak word, wat as 'n riglyn dien vir verdere navorsing rakende versagtende maatreëls teenoor die KSV-implementeringsuitdagings wat deur KMO-eienaars/bestuurders ervaar word. Bestaande literatuur is gebruik om 'n oorsig te verskaf van die huidige KSV-implementeringsuitdagings van beide die globale konstruksiebedryf sowel as generiese sakesektore gelei deur die St. Gallen Bestuursmodel. 'n Gemengde navorsingsbenadering is gevolg deur gebruik te maak van 'n aanlyn vraelysopname en gestruktureerde persoonlike onderhoude, met die data wat ontleed is deur beide beskrywende (gemiddelde, standaardafwyking, rangorde en temas) en inferensiële (Analise van Variansie ANOVA) statistieke te gebruik. Die bevindinge toon dat KMO's in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf geraak word deur KSV-implementeringsuitdagings wat verband hou met 'n gebrek aan integrasie in die KMO-kultuur en besigheidsdoelwitte; beperkte finansiële hulpbronne om KSV-inisiatiewe te onderneem; gebrek aan KMO-vaardighede en -kennis, en onstabiele ekonomiese toestande. Alhoewel KMO's verskillend gekategoriseer word in terme van hul Konstruksie-industrie Ontwikkelingsraad gradering en hul boonste limiet van tenderwaarde-reeks, ervaar die twee groepe kontrakteurs soortgelyke KSV-implementeringsuitdagings oor vier bestuursvlakke, soos gelei deur die St. Gallen-bestuursmodel.

To date, there is a paucity of research on the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly the practice of CSR within the global and local construction industry. This extends to studies identifying CSR implementation challenges affecting construction organisations. This article investigates the CSR implementation challenges affecting SME owner-managers in the South African construction industry and analyses whether small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are affected similarly or differently. This article serves as a guideline for further research regarding mitigating measures towards the CSR implementation challenges experienced by SME owner-managers in the South African construction industry. Existing literature is reviewed to provide an overview of the current CSR implementation challenges from both the global construction industry and generic business sectors guided by the St. Gallen Management Model. The study conducts a mixed method research approach, using an online questionnaire survey and structured face-to-face interviews, with the data analysed using both descriptive (mean, standard deviation, rank, and themes) and inferential (Analysis of Variance ANOVA) statistics. Findings reveal that SMEs in the South African construction industry are affected by CSR implementation challenges related to a lack of integration in the SME culture and business objectives; limited financial resources to undertake CSR initiatives; lack of CSR skills and knowledge, and unstable economic conditions. In addition, although SMEs are categorised differently in terms of their Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) grade and their upper limit of tender value range, the two groups of contractors' experience similar CSR implementation challenges across four management levels as guided by the St. Gallen Management Model. This finding will guide future research regarding mitigating factors to address CSR implementation challenges experienced by SME owner-managers in the South African construction industry.

RESUMEN El artículo de revisión de literatura científica estableció como objetivo general analizar diversos artículos científicos que nos proporcionen información y datos veraces sobre los elementos de los diferentes conceptos e interpretaciones sobre el derecho a la posesión de predios urbanos. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y un estudio descriptivo de artículos científicos indexados en distintas bases de datos certificadas de revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas en Scopus, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Dialnet y Redalyc, entre los años 2018 - 2023. Los documentos revisados se sustentan en estudios de tipo descriptivo, analítico, cualitativo, cuantitativo e inductivo. Respecto a los artículos científicos mencionados, se localizaron 70 investigaciones científicas, siendo seleccionados para efectos de este artículo 52 de ellos que se usaron para la indagación e interpretación de la información reunida y recopilada de los diversos estudios. Como principal hallazgo se tiene que las posesiones de predios en el ámbito informal se dan a causa de la pobreza y escases laboral. Finalmente, luego de un análisis profundo se concluyó que la posesión, entendida como el ejercicio de hecho sobre el bien, otorga la facultad al posesionario la facultad de formalizar y obtener el derecho de propiedad, transformándose en el nuevo propietario.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the scientific literature review article was to analyze various scientific articles that provide us with information and accurate data on the elements of the different concepts and interpretations of the right to possession of urban properties. The qualitative approach and a descriptive study of scientific articles indexed in different certified databases of national and international journals indexed in Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Sciencedirect, between the years 2018 - 2023 were used. The reviewed documents are supported by descriptive, analytical, qualitative, quantitative and inductive studies. Regarding the mentioned scientific articles, 70 scientific researches were located, being selected for the purposes of this article 52 of them that were used for the inquiry and interpretation of the information gathered and compiled from the various studies. The main finding is that land ownership in the informal sector is due to poverty and labor shortages. Finally, after an in-depth analysis, it was concluded that possession, understood as the de facto exercise over the property, gives the possessor the power to formalize and obtain the right of ownership, thus becoming the new owner.

This is a series of three papers revealing many important new connections between known historical documents and Alta California’s early maritime discovery. It brings new data about the complex network of individuals and events leading to this epic voyage, while focusing on the nationality of João Rodrigues Cabrilho and other Portuguese shipowners in Alvarado-Mendoça’s 1540-1543 fleet. Remarkably, Part I presents Bartolome Ferrer’s unpublished 1547 testament, where Cabrilho’s pilot-major declares to be natural (likely as in being born, not naturalized) of Albissola, near Savona. Ferrer was Genoese, not Spanish, correcting what is currently accepted. Furthermore, Part I critically reviews Cabrilho’s epoch international context, and gives many examples of naturalized foreigners who were not Spanish-born, seriously questioning the simplistic and premature conclusions about Cabrilho being Spanish-born based on W. Kramer’s 2015 important documental findings. Part II details categoric evidence about Alvar Nunes, a Portuguese pilot, co-owner of the Santa María de Buena Esperança, very likely Cabrilho’s fleet second largest ship (perhaps rebaptized as Santa María de La Victoria). Noticeable, António Fernandes may have been the Portuguese owner of another ship in Alvarado’s fleet - the Anton Hernandez, alternatively indicated as Cabrilho’s fleet second largest ship. Adding to Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas’ sole confirmation (c. 1615) of Cabrilho’s Portuguese nationality, Part II details an extremely important 1604 map of California, done by the Florentine cartographer Matteo di Jacopo Neroni da Peccioli. Based on Spanish sources, this “novel” 1604 map (introduced in Part I) shows the toponym Cabrilho’s Bay, with the navigator’s name written in its Portuguese form (with lh), thus significantly reinforcing Cabrilho’s Portuguese nationality. Clearly, Herrera is not alone anymore. Most crucially, supporting Cabrilho’s Portuguese nationality, new, diversified, and strong circumstantial evidence is documented regarding Juan Rodríguez(s) portugués (who was Cabrilho, in all verisimilitude) in Honduras and Nicaragua. While António Fernandes was a Portuguese neighbor of Granada (Nicaragua), Alvar Núñez portugués and Juan Rodríguez portugués (their names in Castilian written documents) met in León de Nicaragua, at least by October 1529. Part II also presents Cabril’s parish (north of Portugal) ecclesiastic archive records of a Rodrigues family from the 1520’s. Furthermore, past centuries forgotten documents about nearby Mount Cabrilho, confirm that Cabrilho as a name did exist in Portugal.   Part II ends by discussing remarkable new Carbon-14 radioisotope chronological data strongly supporting early 1530’s as the time when Cabrilho offered a crucifix to his Rodrigues family in Lapela (de Cabril), in agreement with their ancestral oral tradition.   Part III addresses homonymous of Juan Rodríguez(s) portugués (like Panama’s rich Portuguese merchant) who were not Cabrilho, and homonymous of other key individuals in many of Cabrilho’s life events, including Francisco López portugués, perhaps also naturalized in nowadays Palma del Río. Finally, Part III also discusses what likely is the very first evidence about the existence of Cabrilho’s own testament.

Esta es una serie de tres artículos que revela muchas conexiones nuevas e importantes entre los documentos históricos conocidos y los albores del descubrimiento marítimo en Alta California. Trae nuevos datos sobre la compleja red de personas y eventos que culminaron en este viaje épico, centrándose en la nacionalidad de João Rodrigues Cabrilho y otros armadores portugueses en la flota Alvarado-Mendoça, en 1540-1543. En la parte I, destaca la presentación del testamento inédito de Bartolome Ferrer (fechado en 1547), en el que el piloto mayor de Cabrilho declara que es natural (probablemente nacido, no naturalizado) de Albissola, cerca de Savona. Ferrer era genovés y no español, corrigiendo lo que actualmente se acepta. La parte I también hace una revisión crítica del contexto internacional en la época de Cabrilho, dando muchos ejemplos de extranjeros naturalizados que no nacieron en España, cuestionando así seriamente las conclusiones simplistas y prematuras sobre el nacimiento de Cabrilho en España, basándose en importantes hallazgos documentales de W. Kramer en 2015. La parte II detalla la evidencia categórica de que Alvar Nunes era un piloto portugués y copropietario del Santa María de Buena Esperança, probablemente el segundo buque más grande de la flota de Cabrilho (quizás rebautizado como Santa María de La Victoria). Notoriamente, António Fernandes pudo haber sido el propietario portugués de otro buque en la flota de Alvarado: el Anton Hernandez, que alternativamente se dice que es el segundo más grande en la flota de Cabrilho. Sumándose a la única confirmación de la nacionalidad portuguesa de Cabrilho, hecha por Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (c. 1615), la parte II detalla un mapa muy importante de California, hecho por el cartógrafo florentino Matteo di Jacopo Neroni da Peccioli. Basado en fuentes españolas, este mapa “redescubierto” de 1604 (introducido en la parte I) muestra el topónimo Baía de Cabrilho, con el nombre del navegante escrito en portugués (con lh), fortaleciendo así significativamente la nacionalidad portuguesa de Cabrilho. Claramente, Herrera ya no está solo. Crucialmente, en la parte II, respaldando la nacionalidad portuguesa de Cabrilho, se documenta evidencia circunstancial nueva, diversificada y fuerte sobre Juan Rodríguez(s) portugués (que sería Cabrilho, con toda probabilidad) en Honduras y Nicaragua. Siendo António Fernandes vecino portugués de Granada (Nicaragua), Alvar Núñez portugués y Juan Rodríguez portugués (sus nombres, tal como están escritos en documentos castellanos) se conocieron en León de Nicaragua, al menos en octubre de 1529.  La parte II también presenta documentos del archivo eclesiástico de la parroquia de Cabril (norte de Portugal) relativos a una familia Rodrigues hacia 1520. Además, documentos “olvidados” de siglos pasados, sobre el vecino Monte Cabrilho, confirman que el nombre Cabrilho existió en Portugal.   La parte II termina discutiendo nuevos datos cronológicos de suma relevancia, basados ​​en el radioisótopo carbono-14, que permiten validar la primeros años de la década de 1530 como aquellos en los que Cabrilho ofreció un crucifijo a su familia Rodrigues en Lapela (de Cabril), de acuerdo con su ancestral tradición oral.   La parte III analiza los homónimos de Juan Rodríguez(s) portugués (como el rico comerciante portugués de Panamá) que no eran Cabrilho, y los homónimos de otras personas prominentes en muchos de los eventos de la vida de Cabrilho, incluido Francisco López portugués, que quizás también haya sido naturalizado en la actual Palma del Río. Finalmente, la parte III discute lo que muy probablemente será la primera prueba de la existencia del testamento de Cabrilho.

Esta é uma série de três artigos que revela muitas conexões novas e importantes entre documentos históricos conhecidos e o dealbar da descoberta marítima da Alta Califórnia. Traz novos dados acerca da complexa rede de indivíduos e acontecimentos que culminaram nesta viagem épica, focando-se na nacionalidade de João Rodrigues Cabrilho e noutros portugueses donos de navios na frota de Alvarado-Mendoça, em 1540-1543. Na parte I destaca-se a apresentação do testamento inédito de Bartolome Ferrer (datado de 1547), onde o piloto-mor de Cabrilho declara ser natural (provavelmente como nascido, não como naturalizado) de Albissola, perto de Savona. Ferrer era genovês e não espanhol, corrigindo o que é aceite actualmente. Na parte I faz-se ainda uma revisão critica do contexto internacional à época de Cabrilho, dando-se muitos exemplos de estrangeiros naturalizados que não eram nascidos em Espanha, questionando-se assim seriamente as conclusões simplistas e prematuras acerca do nascimento de Cabrilho em Espanha, com base nas importantes descobertas documentais de W. Kramer em 2015. A parte II detalha as provas categóricas acerca de Alvar Nunes ser um piloto português e coproprietário do Santa María de Buena Esperança, muito provavelmente o segundo maior navio na frota de Cabrilho (talvez rebaptizado como Santa María de La Victoria). Notoriamente, António Fernandes poderá ter sido o português dono de ainda um outro navio na frota de Alvarado - o Anton Hernandez, alternativamente indicado como sendo o segundo maior na frota de Cabrilho. Acrescentando à única confirmação da nacionalidade portuguesa de Cabrilho, feita por Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (c. 1615), a parte II detalha um mapa da Califórnia de extrema importância, feito pelo cartógrafo florentino Matteo di Jacopo Neroni da Peccioli. Baseado em fontes espanholas, este “redescoberto” mapa de 1604 (introduzido na parte I) mostra o topónimo Baía de Cabrilho, com o nome do navegador escrito em português (com lh), robustecendo assim significativamente a nacionalidade portuguesa de Cabrilho. Claramente, Herrera já não está só. Crucialmente, na parte II, dando suporte à nacionalidade portuguesa de Cabrilho, documentam-se ainda novas, diversificadas e fortes provas circunstanciais acerca de Juan Rodríguez(s) portugués (que seria Cabrilho, com toda a verossimilhança) nas Honduras e Nicarágua. Enquanto António Fernandes era um vizinho português de Granada (Nicarágua), Alvar Núñez portugués e Juan Rodríguez portugués (os seus nomes, como escritos em documentos castelhanos) conheceram-se em León da Nicarágua, pelo menos em Outubro de 1529. Na parte II apresentam-se também documentos dos arquivos eclesiásticos da freguesia de Cabril (norte de Portugal) relativos a uma família Rodrigues em torno de 1520. Adicionalmente, documentos “esquecidos” de séculos passados, acerca do vizinho Monte Cabrilho, confirmam que o nome Cabrilho existia em Portugal.   A parte II termina discutindo novos dados cronológicos de suprema relevância, baseados no radioisótopo carbono-14, que permitem validar os anos iniciais da década de 1530 como sendo aqueles em que Cabrilho ofereceu um crucifixo à sua família Rodrigues em Lapela (de Cabril), em concordância com a sua tradição oral ancestral.   Na parte III discutem-se homónimos de Juan Rodríguez(s) português (como o rico comerciante português do Panamá) que não eram o Cabrilho, e homónimos de outros indivíduos de destaque em muitos dos acontecimentos da vida de Cabrilho, incluindo Francisco López portugués, tendo-se talvez naturalizado igualmente na actual Palma del Río. Finalmente, a parte III discute ainda o que muito provavelmente será a primeira prova da existência do próprio testamento de Cabrilho.