Livestock farms in Kenya face pressure to increase productivity amid rising global population. Cattle farming dominates, but small to medium-sized farms struggle with cattle insemination. Currently, visual observation is used for heat detection, with farmers maintaining farm journals. Modern methods utilizing sensors to improve estrus prediction are time-consuming, costly and need constant internet connection. This research proposes a novel approach-the use of an on-controller machine learning algorithm- for estrus prediction in cattle. Motion and temperature data was collected from two zero-grazed multiparous Holstein Friesian cows in Kiambu County, Kenya for 11 months. The data was cleaned and stored. Movement intensity profiles were derived by root-mean-squaring directional accelerometer values and averaging this over time. Validation was performed by observing cow behavior for indicators such as restlessness, mounting, and vulva swelling, with farmer predictions documented in their records. The collected data was then used to train a machine learning algorithm, with several models tested, and a neural network emerged as the best fit. The TensorFlow library facilitated the implementation of the algorithm on a microcontroller, allowing for the development of an animal tag featuring the ML algorithm. Results demonstrated 83.9% sensitivity, 89.0% specificity and 89.5% accuracy in detecting estrus, compared to farmer's visual observation, which had only 37% sensitivity. These findings underscore the potential to integrate machine learning into Precision Livestock Farming for estrus prediction, with prediction occurring directly on the animal tag offline. This integration holds promise for farmers, notably heightened insemination success rates, without necessitating significant financial investment.

Abstract In this paper, an assessment of the state of coastal territories of Ecuador monitoring issue is conducted. The use of an autonomous robotic aerial platform is proposed as a technical solution to enhance the efficiency of remote surveillance missions performed by national security services along coastline. Considering the UAV nonlinear flight dynamics, as well as the missing information of the environment, is designed a UAV hierarchical control structure composed of an adaptive PID based MPC control strategy. The implementation of an adaptive PID based MPC controller leads to significantly improve the UAV optimal trajectory tracking task, as well as satisfy properties such as adaptiveness, self-learning, and capability of handling uncertainties caused by the unpredictable behavior of sea currents and wind loads retaining robust performance features. In this work, the investigation of external disturbances on UAV stabilization and positioning accuracy considers swirling wind flows and short-term wind gusts. These correspond to deterministic and random processes, are mathematically represented as trigonometric functions with random amplitudes determined by the gust coefficients and the wind loading periods of the pulses. The established range is given by a set of several observations of wind loads in the coastal territories of Ecuador. The analyzed data is collected from the database of national meteorological stations. Finally, the simulation process of the perturbed controlled motion of the UAV along a segmented linear trajectory, as well as the data analysis and graphics are carried out in the MATLAB environment.

Resumen En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación del estado de los territorios costeros del Ecuador en términos de monitoreo. El uso de una plataforma aérea robótica autónoma se propone como una solución técnica para mejorar la eficiencia de las misiones de vigilancia remota realizadas por los servicios de seguridad nacional a lo largo de la zona costanera. Considerando la no linealidad de la dinámica de un UAV, así como la inexistencia de información sobre el entorno, se ha diseñado una estructura jerárquica de control compuesta por una estrategia adaptativa de PID basada en un controlador MPC. La implementación del controlador adaptativo PID basado en MPC conduce a mejorar significativamente la tarea de seguimiento de trayectoria óptima del UAV, así como a satisfacer propiedades tales como la adaptabilidad, el autoaprendizaje y la capacidad de manejar incertidumbres causadas por el comportamiento impredecible de las corrientes marinas y las cargas de viento, manteniendo características robustas de rendimiento. En este trabajo, la investigación de los efectos de las perturbaciones externas sobre la estabilización y precisión de posicionamiento del UAV considera flujos arremolinados y ráfagas de corta duración. Estos corresponden a procesos deterministas y aleatorios, son representados matemáticamente como funciones trigonométricas con amplitudes aleatorias determinadas por los coeficientes de perturbaciones y los períodos de carga de viento de las pulsaciones. El rango establecido se da mediante un conjunto de varias observaciones de cargas de viento en los territorios costeros de Ecuador. Los datos analizados son recogidos de la base de datos de las estaciones meteorológicas nacionales. Finalmente, el proceso de simulación del movimiento controlado perturbado del UAV a lo largo de una trayectoria lineal segmentada, así como el análisis de datos y gráficos, se llevan a cabo en el entorno de MATLAB.

Abstract Yacon is a functional food that is rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and highly perishable, which requires inexpensive methods for its preservation. The objectives of this research were to model the kinetics of convection drying of yacon slabs and to assess the effect of air velocity on the temperature record of the heating zone controlled by the Proportional-Integral-Derivative control system (PID). Different temperatures (60, 70, and 80 °C) at constant air velocity (0.87 m s-1) were evaluated in a convective tray drying system. To determine the effect of air velocity on the PID temperature controller, different air velocities (0.81-2.06 m s-1) at constant temperature (70 °C) were studied. The results showed that Page’s model was the best fitting of the data obtained, the effective diffusivity of convective drying of yacon ranged from 1.22x10-10 to 1.9x10-10 m2 s-1 and the activation energy was 21.76 kJ mol-1. With PID temperature control, it was observed that the best drying rate and lowest temperature signal error occurred at an air velocity of 1.46 m s-1, where the temperature signal was more stable and closer to the reference temperature. In conclusion, the kinetic modeling of the convective drying of yacon provides optimal drying parameters as well as behavior of mass and heat transfer phenomena, particularly considering that the effect of air velocity influences the drying kinetics and the PID temperature control of the dryer.

Abstract Designing and analyzing adaptive controllers to control blood glucose levels by giving insulin in the Lehman-Based Diabetic Patient Model (LBDPM) while considering diverse stochastic environments in gaining popularity is challenging task. RECCo, a notable recent innovation that implements the concept of the ANYA fuzzy rule-based system, is an online adaptive type controller that is used in this study for the application of diabetes. The simulation results show that the suggested controller is used in the model to track standard blood glucose values even in the presence of some unexpected external disturbances. The primary concern in the field of type 1 diabetes is achieving higher accuracy using a deep learning algorithm with data obtained from simulated patient models. To achieve better accuracy, validation of the model is performed using the N-BEATS algorithm. By utilizing an online parameter estimation technique, the RPME is integrated to improve the performance of the adaptive model predictive controller. The system identification technique is used to attain a transfer function that is designed further for implementation of the controller. The experimental validation of the proposed N-BEATS algorithm method is compared with other conventional machine learning algorithms. The proposed controller method attains excellent blood glucose set point tracking and the proposed algorithms give accuracy rates of 97.4% and 96% for the data obtained. It outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with an increase in the accuracy percentage compared with other Benchmark Pima Indian Diabetes Datasets (PIDD). LehmanBased Lehman Based LBDPM (LBDPM task RECCo rulebased rule based disturbances models NBEATS N BEATS 974 97 4 97.4 96 stateoftheart state art PIDD. PIDD . (PIDD) 9 97. (PIDD

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the level of asthma control using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and clinical manifestations in two groups of patients treated with different inhaled corticosteroids (ICG): fluticasone and beclometasone. Materials and methods: An observational, comparative and prospective study was conducted in 521 children in the asthma program of Hospital III Yanahuara. During the period from June 2020 to December 2021, the level of asthma control was assessed by remote consultations using ACT and collection of clinical findings. Patients were grouped according to the type of ICG they were using. Data were recorded at two different time points for each patient, with a 4-month interval between each control, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of control was compared by ACT score and clinical manifestations between the two groups of patients at both time points of the study. Results: Both groups had optimal control at baseline and at the end of the study. In clinical manifestations there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in favor of either drug in either control. However, in the second control (discharge) a significant difference was found for fluticasone versus beclometasone (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Fluticasone was found to have superiority in the level of asthma control over beclomethasone. However, the determining factor in achieving good control is the continuous use of any IGC.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de control del asma mediante el uso del Asthma Control Test (ACT) y manifestaciones clínicas en dos grupos de pacientes tratados con diferentes corticosteroides inhalados (GCI): fluticasona y beclometasona. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo y prospectivo en 521 niños del programa de asma del Hospital III Yanahuara. Durante el periodo de junio de 2020 a diciembre de 2021, se evaluó el nivel de control del asma mediante consultas remotas utilizando el ACT y la recopilación de hallazgos clínicos. Los pacientes se agruparon según el tipo de GCI que se encontraban utilizando. Se registraron los datos en dos momentos diferentes para cada paciente, con un intervalo de 4 meses entre cada control, durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y se comparó el nivel de control mediante la puntuación obtenida en el ACT y las manifestaciones clínicas entre ambos grupos de pacientes en ambos momentos del estudio. Resultados . Ambos grupos tuvieron un control óptimo al inicio como al final del estudio. En las manifestaciones clínicas no hubo diferencia estadística (P > 0.05) a favor de ningún medicamento en ninguno de los dos controles. Sin embargo, en el segundo control (egreso) se encontró una diferencia significativa de la fluticasona frente a la beclometasona (p = 0.030). Conclusiones . Se encontró que la Fluticasona tuvo una superioridad en el nivel de control del asma frente a la beclometasona. Sin embargo, el factor determinante para lograr un buen control es el uso continuo de cualquier GCI.

RESUMO Este artigo propõe o desenvolvimento de um novo controlador para irrigação, baseado na lógica fuzzy, o qual utiliza previsão meteorológica e características da lavoura para avaliar a real necessidade de irrigação de lavouras de arroz e elevar a eficiência energética destes sistemas de irrigação. Testes realizados com dados reais de três lavouras situadas no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e de quatro dias meteorologicamente distintos da safra 2021/2022, demonstram a capacidade de redução no consumo de energia elétrica, que em dias de precipitação acentuada ficou acima de 80% em todas as condições simuladas. Em dias secos, sem previsão de precipitação, as reduções mínimas de consumo de energia ficaram entre 33 e 66%, de acordo com o tamanho da lavoura e as condições meteorológicas testadas. Também foi verificada a redução da vazão de captação de água, que superou 15% mesmo nos cenários de lavoura mais adversos. Este estudo revela a necessidade de agregar avanços tecnológicos aos sistemas de irrigação de lavouras de arroz, de forma a elevar a eficiência dos processos de irrigação por inundação de grandes áreas, como forma de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica, aumentar a rentabilidade do produtor rural e garantir a preservação e a disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos. fuzzy Sul Brasil 20212022 2021 2022 2021/2022 elétrica 80 simuladas secos 3 66 66% testadas água 15 adversos áreas hídricos 2021202 202 2021/202 8 6 1 202120 20 2021/20 20212 2 2021/2 2021/

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new irrigation controller based on fuzzy logic that uses weather forecast data and crop characteristics to evaluate the real-time need for irrigation of rice crops and to increase the efficiency of irrigation systems. Tests were performed with real data obtained from three different crop fields in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and on four meteorologically different days of the 2021/2022 harvest to demonstrate the ability to reduce power consumption for irrigation; the power consumption on days of heavy precipitation was above 80% under all simulated conditions. Depending on the size of the crop and the tested meteorological conditions, the minimum reductions in energy consumption were between 33-66% on dry days with no precipitation forecast. More than 15% reduction in the flow of the water catchment was also observed, even in the most adverse farming scenarios. This study reveals the necessity for technological advances in rice-crop irrigation systems to increase the efficiency of flood irrigation in large areas for reducing electricity consumption, increasing the profitability of rural producers, and ensuring the preservation and availability of water resources. realtime time State Brazil 20212022 2021 2022 2021/202 80 conditions 3366% 3366 33 66% 66 33-66 15 observed scenarios ricecrop producers resources 2021202 202 2021/20 8 336 3 6 33-6 1 202120 20 2021/2 33- 20212 2 2021/

Resumen: El desarrollo de dispositivos robóticos como los exoesqueletos implica el uso de varios componentes como actuadores y sensores. Estos componentes intercambian información con el dispositivo principal o entre ellos mediante un sistema de comunicación, esto permite la transferencia de datos durante el funcionamiento del dispositivo. Además, un sistema de comunicación con buen desempeño es la base para el correcto funcionamiento del sistema de control. En este contexto, es necesario seleccionar una metodología apropiada para cumplir con las especificaciones de diseño durante el desarrollo del software. Esta investigación presenta el desarrollo del software ALLEX (Autonomous Lower Limb Exoskeleton) CAN (Controller Area Network) software, llamado así porque forma parte del sistema de comunicación del prototipo ALLEX-2 (ALLEX versión 2) y usa el protocolo CAN. El sistema fue creado usando la librería SocketCAN por la gran cantidad de herramientas. C++ fue el lenguaje de programación elegido para el desarrollo de esta solución debido a su bajo tiempo de ejecución. El desempeño de este software se lo compara con las funciones proporcionadas por el fabricante Maxon Motor. Las pruebas experimentales muestran el rendimiento superior del software desarrollado frente al proporcionado por el fabricante.

Abstract: The development of robotic devices like exoskeletons involves using several components, such as actuators and sensors. These components exchange information with the main device or between them using a communication system; this allows data transfer during the device's operation. In addition, a communication system with good performance is the basis for the correct operation of the control system. In this context, selecting an appropriate methodology to meet design specifications during software development is necessary. This research presents the development of ALLEX CAN software, so named because it is part of the communication system of the ALLEX-2 (ALLEX version 2) prototype and uses the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. The system was created using the SocketCAN library as a base, which provides a range of tools to work with CAN interfaces. C++ was the programming language selected to develop this solution for its lower execution time. The performance of this software is compared with the ready-to-use functions provided by the manufacturer Maxon Motor. Experimental tests show the superior performance of our developed software.

Resumo As mudanças estruturais ocorridas no capitalismo contemporâneo trouxeram novas condicionantes para os usos do território no Brasil. Nesse sentido, observa-se a inserção de novos agentes da esfera financeira, notadamente fundos de investimentos diversos, investidores corporativos e indivíduos de alta renda, que passam a participar, e em grande medida controlar, direta ou indiretamente, processos produtivos dos mais diferentes setores no território brasileiro. Este processo foi por nós avaliado, tomando como situação empírica o Grupo Cosan S.A., principal controlador do setor sucroenergético brasileiro (produção de cana-de-açúcar e derivados), analisada a partir de dados secundários sobre a produção agrícola e agroindustrial do referido grupo, bem como estratégias e características ligadas à financeirização da empresa (abertura de capital, comportamento dos investidores, dentre outras), a partir de informações obtidas em bancos de dados públicos e privados. A análise do uso do território pelo Grupo Cosan permite identificarmos transformações associadas a inserção do referido agente no atual contexto de financeirização da economia global e as implicações territoriais que lhe são inerentes. As estratégias de uso do território praticadas pelo Grupo Cosan, no atual contexto de acumulação financeira, foram pautadas principalmente pela necessidade de valorização financeira, o que ocorreu fundamentalmente pelo acionamento de fundos públicos e pela expansão territorial das atividades produtivas. Brasil sentido observase observa se financeira diversos renda participar controlar indiretamente avaliado SA S S.A. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar derivados, derivados , derivados) grupo abertura capital outras, outras outras) privados inerentes produtivas S.A

Abstract The structural changes that have occurred in contemporary capitalism, brought new conditions for the use of territory in Brazil. Consequently, it can be observed the insertion of new agents from the financial sphere, notably investment funds, corporate investors, and high net-worth individuals, who started to participate, directly and indirectly, in the productive processes in various sectors that take place in the Brazilian territory. This process was evaluated in this paper, through the empirical situation of Cosan Group, the main controller of the Brazilian sugar-energy sector (production of sugarcane and sugarcane derivatives). Our analysis was based on secondary data on the agricultural and agro-industrial production of this group, as well as the strategies and characteristics related to the financialization of the company (such as initial public offering, investor behaviour, among others) and financial issues, using information obtained from public and private databases. The analysis of the use of territory by the Cosan Group makes it possible to identify the transformations associated with the insertion of this agent into the current dynamics of financialization of the economy and the inherent territorial implication of this process. The strategies of the use of territory adopted by the Cosan Group, in the current context of financial accumulation, were mainly guided by the need for financial valuation, which occurred fundamentally through the mobilization of public funds and the territorial expansion of productive activities. capitalism Brazil Consequently sphere investors networth net worth individuals participate indirectly paper sugarenergy sugar energy derivatives. derivatives . derivatives) agroindustrial agro industrial group such offering behaviour others issues databases accumulation valuation activities

ABSTRACT All horticultural regions of the world have fundamentally developed in the programmatic era through farmer impact and imaginative development practices. The methods described are used to monitor satisfaction and crop yields. Because of the quality of the soil and the nourishment of the land, their cultivation has improved and created more money. The disadvantage is that it took them a long speculation to acquire the crops, and the level of nutrition was not usually put at its obvious level. In addition, many areas were devoted to production, which required a lot of work to treat the whole area. In order to control the time and methods well, the majority of the regions switched to careful development principles with IoT structures. Growing on water is the most progressive strategy to grow natural plants, vegetables and fruits without using land. The use of Rockwool in agricultural strategies where water contamination is possible for a certain period will result in huge yields and the requirement of longer growing times will be waived. Most of the countries that have practiced smart and economic development with little external intervention. IoT sensors are used in the water cultivation development system to test the situation and quality of yields continuously. They will effectively provide information to the whole system when the water or nutrient level has dropped. In the beginning, the development of hydroponics was done horizontally in small spaces in order to maintain the water flow. Today, it is applied on a vertical structure to save space and water flows when needed. With this method, yields are likely to be achieved even more space-efficiently and with little external intervention. Vertical hydroponics performs better than previous conventional approaches; perhaps the farmers in the extension unit have considered the cost of the total layout. This evaluation paper describes the use of procedures and development of automated methods using IoT platforms. Many reference materials can be used big data. practices land money crops addition production area well structures plants waived intervention continuously dropped beginning flow Today needed method spaceefficiently efficiently approaches layout platforms data

RESUMO Este estudo analisa os efeitos do capital psicológico e atitudes gerenciais na relação entre participação orçamentária e desempenho gerencial em atividades orçamentárias. O estudo endereça uma lacuna presente na pesquisa orçamentária, abordando de maneira integrada os efeitos dos estados mentais e comportamentos dos indivíduos na relação entre participação orçamentária e desempenho gerencial. Os efeitos interativos dos fatores cognitivos e pessoais, comportamentais e ambientais permitem entender os fatores presentes no contexto orçamentário que exercem influência na relação entre participação orçamentária e desempenho gerencial, o que fornece uma explicação para os resultados conflitantes encontrados na literatura, denotando em que condições os efeitos da participação no desempenho podem ser alcançados. A pesquisa inova ao avaliar, a partir de uma abordagem interacionista, fatores preditores do desempenho gerencial no contexto orçamentário, contemplando a análise de fatores cognitivos e pessoais (capital psicológico), comportamentais (atitudes gerenciais) e ambientais (participação orçamentária), fornecendo uma explicação para os efeitos da participação orçamentária no desempenho gerencial em atividades orçamentárias. Realizou-se uma survey com 245 profissionais controllers de indústrias da Região Sul do Brasil, selecionados pela rede social LinkedIn, com análise dos dados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE). Evidenciam-se os efeitos indiretos conjuntos positivos do capital psicológico e das atitudes gerenciais na relação entre participação orçamentária e desempenho. Os resultados são convergentes para a abordagem da Teoria Social Cognitiva (TSC), pois pode-se inferir que aspectos cognitivos e pessoais influenciam as decisões humanas e o nível de esforço empregado pelos gestores nas atividades desenvolvidas no contexto orçamentário. Os resultados oferecem suporte para que organizações direcionem recursos para práticas organizacionais que visam melhorar os estados mentais positivos dos gestores que influenciam fatores comportamentais e seu desempenho no trabalho.

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the effects of psychological capital and managerial attitudes on the relationship between budgetary participation and management performance in budgeting activities. The study addresses a gap that exists in the budgeting research, tackling the effects of individuals’ mental states and behaviors on the relationship between budgetary participation and management performance in an integrated way. The interactive effects of cognitive and personal, behavioral, and environmental factors enable us to understand the factors present within the budgetary context that influence the relationship between budgetary participation and management performance, which provides an explanation for the conflicting results found in the literature, denoting in which conditions the effects of participation on performance can be obtained. The research innovates by evaluating, based on an interactionist approach, predictive factors for management performance within the budgetary context, contemplating the analysis of cognitive and personal (psychological capital), behavioral (managerial attitudes), and environmental (budgetary participation) factors, providing an explanation for the effects of budgetary participation on management performance in budgeting activities. A survey was conducted with 245 controller professionals from industries in the South Region of Brazil, chosen using the LinkedIn social network, and the data were analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM). This revealed the positive joint indirect effects of psychological capital and of managerial attitudes on the relationship between budgetary participation and performance. The results converge with the social cognitive theory (SCT) approach, as it can be inferred that cognitive and personal aspects influence human decisions and the level of effort employed by managers in activities carried out within the budgetary context. The results offer support for organizations to direct resources toward organizational practices that seek to improve managers’ positive mental states, which influence behavioral factors and their job performance.

RESUMEN En este estudio se presenta un nuevo enfoque experimental para la selección óptima de una estrategia de control basada en el actuador. El enfoque propuesto es un método de dos etapas: primero se aplica un diseño de experimento factorial de dos niveles con n factores (2n) para comparar diferentes esquemas de control. La comparación de esquemas se lleva a cabo en términos de consumo de energía y rendimiento de circuito cerrado. Para el mejor esquema relativo, se completa un Diseño Central Compuesto Centrado en las Caras (CCF, por sus siglas en inglés) obteniendo parámetros de controlador que optimizan el rendimiento, en términos del Error absoluto integral (IAE, por sus siglas en inglés), mientras operan en una región de bajo consumo de energía. El enfoque propuesto se probó experimentalmente utilizando datos reales obtenidos de una planta prototipo de laboratorio. Algunas pruebas experimentales que ilustran la idoneidad de nuestro método se muestran al final de este artículo.

ABSTRACT In this study, a novel experimental approach for the optimal selection of an actuator-based control strategy is presented. The proposed approach is a two-stage method: first, a two-level factorial experiment design with n factors (2n) was applied to compare different control schemes. Schemes comparison was carried out in terms of energy consumption and closed-loop performance. For the best relative scheme, a Central Composite Face-centered (CCF) design was completed obtaining the controller parameters that optimize the performance in terms of the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) while operating in a region of low energy consumption. The proposed approach was experimentally tested using real data obtained from a laboratory prototype plant. Some experimental tests illustrating the suitability of our method are shown at the end of this article.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um novo modelo de simulação do Cyber Process Control System (CPCS) combinando reconhecimento de padrões e Cloud Computing (CC). A originalidade deste artigo decorre de seu objetivo de construir uma plataforma de computação em nuvem para máquinas autônomas e da exploração de dados de fabricação para gerar padrões interpretáveis para serem usados na tomada de decisões de controle de processos. A combinação de tecnologia em nuvem e aprendizado de máquina traz a produção para a Indústria 4.0. O sistema proposto é testado usando o processo de roteamento de polímero reforçado com fibra de carbono (CFRP). A pouca informação disponível sobre o processo de fabricação desse tipo de material e a interação entre as etapas de produção dificulta bastante o processo de fabricação. Este sistema gera regras interpretáveis de parâmetros operacionais controláveis enviados ao controlador para manter o processo de usinagem dentro dos limites das especificações. A segunda etapa é ativada durante as condições de deriva na etapa de usinagem. Além disso, a simulação do processo de usinagem é ilustrada para gerar as relações entre as variáveis de entrada e saída do processo de usinagem. Os resultados das ações corretivas são ilustrados e a interação entre as duas etapas industriais é simulada. Finalmente, são discutidas as aplicações atuais e futuras de CPCS e CC na Indústria 4.0.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel simulation model of the Cyber Process Control System (CPCS) by combining pattern recognition and Cloud Computing (CC). This paper's originality arises from its aim to build a cloud computing platform for autonomous machines, and the exploration of manufacturing data to generate interpretable patterns to be used in process control decision making. The combining of Cloud technology and machine learning brings production to Industry 4.0. The proposed system is tested using data Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) routing process. The little information available about the manufacturing process of this type of material and the interaction between the production steps makes the manufacturing process quite difficult. This system generates interpretable rules of controllable operating parameters sent to the controller to keep the machining process within the limits of the specifications. The second step is activated during the drifting conditions in the machining step. Also, the simulation of the machining process is illustrated to generate the relations between input and output variables of the machining process. The findings of the corrective actions are illustrated and the interaction between the two industrial steps is simulated. Finally, current and future CPCS and CC applications in Industry 4.0 are discussed.

Resumen La cocristalización con sacarosa se ha utilizado para obtener productos con mejores propiedades físicas, como solubilidad, humectabilidad, hidratación y estabilidad, así como para preservar los componentes activos presentes en la mayoría de las futas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto del pH y concentración de pulpa de guayaba (Psidium guajava L) y jugo de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis, en adelante concentración de fruta), sobre la humedad, la densidad aparente, la solubilidad, el ángulo de reposo, la higroscopicidad y la cinética de cocristalización de productos cocristalizados de jugo de maracuyá y pulpa de guayaba. Se prepararon los cocristalizados con jarabe de sacarosa a 70 °Brix, pulpa de guayaba concentrada a 18 °Brix y el jugo de maracuyá a 40 °Brix. Para concentrar las mezclas y prepararlas para la cocristalización se utilizó un evaporador rotativo Heidolph D-91126 HB y un controlador de vacío Heidolph DC1/1HO. La cinética de cocristalización se evaluó utilizando un reómetro TA Instrument AR 1500ex, determinando la viscosidad compleja en el tiempo, a través de una rampa de temperatura de 80 °C a 15 °C a 1 Hz, descendiendo 6,5 °C/min, ajustando los datos experimentales a un modelo empírico. El aumentar la concentración de fruta añadida en el proceso, aumentan el tiempo de cristalización y la humedad final del producto, y disminuye su solubilidad. La velocidad de cocristalización se ve favorecida por la menor concentración de fruta, presentándose una mayor velocidad de cristalización para los cocristalizados de pulpa de guayaba que en los de jugo de maracuyá.

Abstract Co-crystallization with sucrose has been used to obtain products with better physical properties (such as solubility, wettability, hydration, and stability) and to preserve the active components present in most fruits. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the pH and concentration of guava (Psidium guajava L) pulp and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) juice (both referred to as fruit concentration) on the moisture, apparent density, solubility, angle of repose, hygroscopicity, and co-crystallization kinetics of co-crystallized passion fruit juice and guava pulp products. The co-crystallized products were prepared with sucrose syrup at 70 °Brix, concentrated guava pulp at 18 °Brix, and passion fruit juice at 40 °Brix. A Heidolph D-91126 HB Rotary-evaporator and a Heidolph DC1/1HO Vacuum Controller were used to concentrate the mixtures and prepare them for co-crystallization. The co-crystallization kinetics was evaluated using a TA Instrument AR 1500ex rheometer, thus determining complex viscosity over time using a temperature ramp from 80 to 15 °C at 1 Hz, descending at 6.5 °C/min. Then, the experimental data were fitted to an empirical model. Our results show that increasing the fruit concentration added in the process extends the crystallization time, increases the final moisture of the product, and decreases its solubility. The co-crystallization rate was favored by the lowest fruit concentration, and a higher crystallization rate was observed in the guava pulp than in the passion fruit juice (two co-crystallized products).

ABSTRACT This paper presents the development of a fuzzy inference module (FIM) implemented on reconfigurable hardware with the ability to dynamically modify its knowledge base. The original FIM is designed using the fuzzy systems development environment Xfuzzy, which allows the generation of VHDL hardware description language code for the FIM architecture. Subsequently, the VHDL code is modified to add ports with the address, data and read / write control signals to the antecedents and rule memories that contain the knowledge base. The modified FIM is encapsulated in an intellectual property module following two possible options, making the corresponding interconnections in each case, so that these memories can be accessed through the added port from a processing system embedded in the same device, enabling the modification of its contents in operation time. The implementations were carried out on two types of reconfigurable devices: a Spartan-3E1600 FPGA, using a processing system based on the Microblaze softcore and the ISE/EDK development environment; as well as on a SoC-FPGA Zynq-7Z010, using its hardcore processing system based on ARM and the Vivado development environment, checking the dynamic modification of the FIM knowledge base. The carried out modifications make it easy to fine-tune the knowledge base during the development stage of a hybrid hardware/software fuzzy controller as well as the implementation of an adaptive fuzzy controller.

RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un módulo de inferencia difuso (FIM, por sus siglas en inglés) implementado sobre hardware reconfigurable con capacidad de modificar dinámicamente su base de conocimientos. El FIM original se diseña utilizando el entorno de desarrollo de sistemas difusos Xfuzzy, el cual permite la generación de código en lenguaje de descripción de hardware VHDL para la arquitectura del FIM. Posteriormente se modifica el código VHDL para añadir sendos puertos con las señales de dirección, datos y control de lectura/escritura a las memorias de antecedentes y de reglas que contienen la base de conocimientos. El FIM modificado se encapsula en un módulo de propiedad intelectual siguiendo dos posibles opciones, realizando en cada caso las interconexiones correspondientes, de forma tal que desde un sistema de procesamiento empotrado en el mismo dispositivo se pueda acceder a estas memorias a través de los puertos añadidos, posibilitando la modificación de sus contenidos en tiempo de operación. Las implementaciones fueron realizadas sobre dos tipos de dispositivos de hardware reconfigurable: un FPGA Spartan-3E1600, utilizando un sistema de procesamiento basado en el softcore Microblaze y el entorno de desarrollo ISE/EDK; así como sobre un SoC-FPGA Zynq-7Z010, utilizando su sistema de procesamiento hardcore basado en ARM y el entorno de desarrollo Vivado, comprobándose la modificación dinámica de la base de conocimientos del FIM. Las modificaciones realizadas facilitan el ajuste de la base de conocimientos de un controlador difuso híbrido hardware/software durante su etapa de desarrollo así como la implementación de un controlador difuso adaptativo.

Abstract: Recent studies highlight the importance of digital surveillance to gather individual health information due to the global pandemic caused by the new COVID-19 disease. This paper analyses its legal and ethical implications at the interface between the individual right to privacy and the collective interests of public health. We framed the discussion in law, deontology and utilitarianism. The lasted theories and human rights, especially privacy, are crucial in our argument. Health-derived dilemmas and efforts to solve them, especially by information technologies, bioethics and law, exist at these perspectives' interface. In particular, we analysed the intersection between autonomy, the right to privacy, and the so-called ‘right to be forgotten’ in the public health context. In other words, we studied the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of health data - a radical means of control over personal data established in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Given the lack of specifics regarding collection and re-use of such data under the broad scope of public health purposes, implied consent does not address the issue of proportionality. We highlight legal safeguards’ insufficiency, suggesting applying the ‘right to be forgotten’ according to an ethical interpretation.

Resumen: Estudios recientes destacan la importancia de la vigilancia digital para recoger información sanitaria individual debido a la pandemia mundial causada por la nueva enfermedad COVID-19. Este artículo analiza sus implicaciones legales y éticas en la interfaz entre el derecho individual a la privacidad y los intereses colectivos de la salud pública. Enmarcamos la discusión en el derecho, la deontología y el utilitarismo. Estas últimas teorías y los derechos humanos, especialmente la privacidad, son cruciales en nuestro argumento. Los dilemas relacionados con la salud y los esfuerzos por resolverlos, especialmente a través de la tecnología de la información, la bioética y el derecho, se encuentran en la interfaz de estas perspectivas. En particular, analizamos la intersección entre la autonomía, el derecho a la privacidad y el llamado “derecho al olvido” en el contexto de la salud pública. Es decir, estudiamos el derecho a obtener del responsable del tratamiento la supresión de los datos de salud, un medio radical de control sobre los datos personales establecido en el artículo 17 del Reglamento general de protección de datos (RGPD). Dada la falta de especificidades en cuanto a la recogida y reutilización de dichos datos dentro del amplio ámbito de los objetivos de salud pública, el consentimiento implícito no aborda la cuestión de la proporcionalidad. Destacamos la insuficiencia de las garantías legales, sugiriendo la aplicación del “derecho al olvido” según una interpretación ética.

Resumo: Estudos recentes salientam a importância da vigilância digital para recolher informações individuais de saúde devido à pandemia global causada pela nova doença COVID-19. Este artigo analisa as suas implicações legais e éticas na interface entre o direito individual à privacidade e os interesses coletivos da saúde pública. Enquadramos a discussão no direito, na deontologia e no utilitarismo. As últimas teorias e os direitos humanos, especialmente a privacidade, são cruciais na nossa argumentação. Dilemas derivados da saúde e esforços para os resolver, especialmente através das tecnologias da informação, da bioética e do direito, existem na interface destas perspetivas. Em particular, analisámos a intersecção entre autonomia, direito à privacidade, e o chamado “direito ao esquecimento” no contexto da saúde pública. Por outras palavras, estudámos o direito de obter do responsável pelo tratamento o apagamento dos dados de saúde, um meio radical de controlo dos dados pessoais estabelecido no artigo 17º do Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados (RGPD). Dada a falta de especificidades em relação à recolha e reutilização de tais dados no âmbito alargado dos objetivos de saúde pública, o consentimento implícito não aborda a questão da proporcionalidade. Destacamos a insuficiência de salvaguardas jurídicas, sugerindo a aplicação do “direito ao esquecimento” de acordo com uma interpretação ética.