ABSTRACT The tension between heritage and gentrification is one of the features of the historic centers of medium-sized cities touched by globalized tourism. Addressing these UNESCO-listed spaces allows us to conceive the deep and processual dynamics built by their residents, who, while subsisting and navigating the labyrinths of public policies and the effects of gentrification, carry out actions linked to their identity and memory, achieving resistance to it. Through a critical approach to the case of 5 de Mayo Street in the historic center of Santiago de Querétaro, we intend to understand the tensions and conflicts that are generated between the daily life of residents and tourism branding. Using methodology developed from ethnography, we give an account of the diversity of ways in which a historic center in a medium-sized Mexican city is inhabited.

RESUMEN La tensión entre patrimonio y gentrificación es uno de los rasgos que presentan los centros históricos de las ciudades medias tocadas por el turismo globalizado. Abordar estos espacios patrimonializados por la UNESCO permite concebir las dinámicas profundas y procesuales construidas por sus residentes, quienes, mientras subsisten y sortean los laberintos de las políticas públicas y los efectos de la gentrificación, realizan acciones ligadas a su identidad y memoria logrando una resistencia frente a ella. A través de un enfoque crítico del caso de la calle 5 de Mayo del centro histórico de Santiago de Querétaro, pretendemos comprender las tensiones y conflictos que se generan entre la vida cotidiana de los residentes y el branding turístico. Mediante una metodología desarrollada en el marco de la etnografía, damos cuenta, a partir de testimonios y datos empíricos, de la diversidad de formas en las que se habita un centro histórico en una ciudad media mexicana.

Abstract Melatonin straddles the boundary between food supplements and medicine. In Portugal, its classification is contingent upon a critical dosage threshold of 2 mg. This study aimed to detail the composition of melatonin-containing food supplements, available in Portugal based on their labels, and report the number of potential intoxications. Data was collected from 44 food supplements, and the difference in active ingredients was revealed towards the 16 approved medicines. Data on melatonin intoxication cases from 2018 to 2022 were obtained from the Portuguese Poisons Information Center (CIAV). Melatonin supplements, available in tablets, capsules, gummies, powders, or sprays, exhibited a recommended daily dose ranging from 1 to 1.95 mg. Only 20% contained melatonin alone, while the majority included plant extracts and vitamins. The absence of clinical studies supporting the efficacy of melatonin combined with plant extracts in these formulations raises concerns about their evidence-based effectiveness. Medicines contain 2 to 3 mg of melatonin per tablet, either immediate or modified release. Melatonin intoxication occurs mainly in children, with a higher prevalence between the first year of life and the age of four. Food supplements containing melatonin and plant extracts should be more carefully studied, including the potential adverse effects.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Define-se dismenorreia primária (DP) como dor no abdômen inferior que ocorre antes ou durante a menstruação, não relacionada a doenças ou patologias. Os estudos existentes que investigaram potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da DP e a sua incidência em vários grupos são fragmentados, controversos ou excessivamente amplos, colocando desafios à análise. Este estudo objetivou identificar potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da DP através de um estudo de caso-controle com base na literatura. MÉTODOS: Seguindo o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, (STROBE), este estudo caso-controle, de um ano, teve como objetivo estabelecer relações entre variáveis de DP e categorias de dor (leve, moderada e intensa) em 252 mulheres brasileiras. RESULTADOS: A regularidade do ciclo e intensidade do fluxo menstrual, a procura pela assistência médica e o uso de analgésicos demonstraram significância estatística (p=0,00) nas diferentes categorias de dor. Por outro lado, fatores como tabagismo, consumo de álcool, dieta diária, e as outras variáveis estudadas não foram estatisticamente relevantes. Embora, não se observou nenhuma significância estatística nessas variáveis, certas observações ainda podem ser feitas comparando o presente estudo com outros semelhantes. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo ofereceu informações valiosas sobre os fatores de risco, intensidade da dor, padrões de fluxo menstrual e comportamento de procura ao tratamento associados à DP. Abordar estes fatores e melhorar a compreensão sobre a DP, pode melhorar o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida das mulheres afetadas por esta condição ginecológica comum.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is defined as lower abdominal pain occurring before or during menstruation, unrelated to other diseases. Existing studies investigating potential risk factors for PD development and its incidence in various groups have been fragmented, controversial, or overly broad, posing challenges for analysis. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential risk factors for PD development through a literature-based case-control study. METHODS: Following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), this one-year case-control study aimed to establish relationships between PD variables and pain categories (light, moderate, and severe) among 252 Brazilian women. RESULTS: The regularity of the menstrual cycle, intensity of menstrual flow, seeking medical assistance, and use of pain drugs demonstrated statistical significance (p=0.00) across different pain categories. Conversely, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, daily diet, physical activity, regular menstrual cycle, previous pregnancy, active sex life, family history of PD, pain site, and the time of onset of PD after the first menstrual cycle were not statistically significant within the pain categories. Although no statistical significance was observed, certain observations can still be drawn by comparing this study with similar ones. CONCLUSION: This study offers valuable insights into the risk factors, pain intensity, menstrual flow patterns, and treatment-seeking behavior associated with PD. By addressing these factors and improving our understanding of PD, we can enhance the well-being and quality of life of women affected by this common gynecological condition.

ABSTRACT TheBrazilian Dietary Guidelines provide crucial recommendations for a healthy diet, aiming at promoting health and preventing non-communicable chronic diseases. The core principle is the preference for natural or minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes over ultra-processed foods. Despite their growing recognition, healthcare professionals struggle to integrate these guidelines into clinical practice. This article aims to present two innovative strategies for incorporating the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines into healthcare. The Protocols based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for Individual Dietary Advice are standardized clinical tools to support healthcare professionals (nutritionists or not) in giving nutritional advice during individual appointments to various life stages. The Protocols operationalize the assessment of individuals’ dietary patterns using the Food Consumption Markers Questionnaire and support the delivery of personalized and priority recommendations through a stepwise flowchart. Conversely, Brazilian Dietary Guidelines-based Meal Plans consist of personalized dietary prescriptions comprising structured daily menus that, unlike conventional plans primarily focusing on nutrient goals, prioritize overall eating patterns guided by the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. The proposal encourages, in the first place, the selection of a variety of culinary preparations based on natural or minimally processed foods, emphasizing tasteful, accessible, and culturally appropriate choices as the initial step. In a second step, these plans can be customized to individual energy requirements, and adjustments made based on strategic nutrient needs. This article aims to support the enhancement of healthcare professionals’ skills in promoting healthy eating practices, thereby contributing to improved health and a reduced disease burden among the Brazilian population.

Esta pesquisa investigou as perspectivas de crianças em situação de refúgio sobre o cotidiano a partir do comer, do brincar e do morar. Participaram 14 crianças afegãs, em situação de refúgio e acolhidas em uma instituição no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados foram produzidos a partir do registro em diário de campo, fotografias e desenhos realizados pelas crianças e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Ao morar, as crianças associaram elementos como avião; casas afegãs e brasileiras; e, principalmente, pessoas, apresentando o humano enquanto espaço de habitação. Ao comer, as crianças exploraram as comidas brasileira e afegã; e ao brincar, relacionaram encontros coletivos entre seus pares. A pesquisa revelou elementos sobre o cotidiano de crianças em situação de refúgio a partir de suas próprias narrativas, contribuindo, ainda, com novas questões a serem investigadas.

Esta investigación estudió las perspectivas de niños en situación de refugio sobre lo cotidiano, a partir del comer, del jugar y del vivir. Participaron 14 niños afganos, en situación de refugiados, acogidos en una institución en el interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los resultados se produjeron a partir del registro en diario de campo, fotografías y dibujos realizados por los niños y analizados por medio del análisis de contenido temático. Con el vivir, los niños asociaron elementos tales como avión, casas afganas, y brasileñas y principalmente, personas, presentando lo humano como espacio de vivienda. Con relación al comer, los niños exploraron las comidas brasileña y afgana y con el jugar relacionaron encuentros colectivos entre sus pares. La investigación reveló elementos sobre el cotidiano de niños en situación de refugio a partir de sus propias narrativas, contribuyendo también con nuevas cuestiones para investigación.

This research investigated the perspectives of children in refugee situations on the daily lives, based on eating, playing and living. Fourteen Afghan refugee children, housed in an institution in the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil, participated. The results were produced from field journal records, photographs, and drawings made by the children and analyzed through thematic content analysis. Regarding living, the children associated elements such as airplanes, Afghan and Brazilian homes, and mainly people, presenting the human as a living space. Regarding eating, the children explored Brazilian and Afghan foods, and regarding playing, they related to collective encounters with their peers. The research revealed elements about the daily lives of refugee children from their own narratives, while also raising new matters to be investigated.

Resumo O artigo apresenta a trajetória dos higienizadores da atenção primária à saúde (APS) no contexto da pandemia COVID-19, seus desafios e enfrentamentos. Parte-se da pergunta: como os trabalhadores da higienização expressaram os sentidos de sua experiência sobre o trabalho como higienizador no cenário pandêmico? O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a experiência dos trabalhadores da higienização no trabalho como higienizador durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, apoiada na fenomenologia do cotidiano e na etnometodologia, para explorar o trabalho desses atores no contexto da APS. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três distritos sanitários (DS) do município de Salvador, Bahia, e em cada DS foram selecionadas duas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). A produção dos dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade, tanto remotas quanto presenciais. Os resultados revelaram a presença do binômio invisibilidade versus essencialidade no cotidiano dos trabalhadores da higienização na APS, ou seja, ainda que considerados essenciais, não conseguem a visibilidade e o reconhecimento profissional e social.

Resumen Este artículo presenta la trayectoria de los desinfectantes en atención primaria de salud (APS) en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, sus desafíos y enfrentamientos. Partiendo de la pregunta: ¿cómo expresaron los trabajadores sanitarios los significados de su experiencia de trabajo como sanitizador en el escenario de pandemia? El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la experiencia de trabajadores sanitarios sobre su labor como sanitizador durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en la fenomenología y la etnometodología cotidianas, para explorar el trabajo de estos actores en el contexto de la APS. La investigación se desarrolló en tres Distritos de Salud (DS) de la ciudad de Salvador - Bahía y en cada DS se seleccionaron dos Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF). La producción de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, tanto remotas como presenciales. Los resultados revelaron la presencia del binomio invisibilidad versus esencialidad en el cotidiano de los trabajadores de higiene en la APS, es decir, aunque considerados esenciales, no alcanzan visibilidad y reconocimiento profesional y social.

Abstract This article presents the trajectory of primary health care (PHC) sanitation staff in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the inherent challenges and difficulties involved. It starts with the question: how did hygiene workers express the meanings of their experience of working as hygienists in the pandemic scenario? The objective of this study was to analyze the experience of sanitation workers regarding working as hygienists during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach was adopted, based on the phenomenology of everyday life and ethnomethodology, to explore the work of these agents in the PHC context. The research was conducted in three Health Districts (HD) in the city of Salvador - Bahia, where two Family Health Units (FHU) were selected in each HD. The data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, both remote and in-person. The results revealed the existence of the binomial of invisibility versus essentiality in the daily lives of hygiene workers in PHC, in other words even though they are considered essential, they do not achieve visibility and professional and social recognition.

Este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir a caminhada e o uso da bicicleta como deslocamento na população brasileira. Evidências científicas oriundas principalmente de países de alta renda mostram tanto contribuições para a saúde das pessoas, apontando que essas atividades físicas podem compor parte importante do cotidiano e contribuem na prevenção de doenças, como para a saúde das cidades, com a diminuição da poluição do ar e sonora e dos problemas provocados pelo excesso de veículos automotores. Discutimos as formas de mensuração em inquéritos nacionais e as novas tecnologias que vêm sendo utilizadas. Análises de tendência mostram uma queda nesse tipo de atividade física entre adultos que vivem nas capitais brasileiras, mas como a caminhada e o uso da bicicleta são analisadas conjuntamente, as interpretações ficam prejudicadas, limitando também o estudo de fatores associados aos diferentes tipos de deslocamentos. Mostramos que algumas capitais brasileiras estão evoluindo no aumento de estruturas ambientais, mas indicadores populacionais mostram que grupos de menor nível socioeconômico têm menos acessos. Discutimos o quanto essas atividades ainda são praticadas por necessidade e sem possibilidades de escolhas no Brasil, onde os custos do transporte ainda são altos e os ambientes, iníquos. No entanto, como a maioria dos estudos no Brasil são transversais, a avaliação dos possíveis efeitos na saúde e a influência de variáveis sociais e de mudanças ambientais nesse comportamento fica prejudicada. Novos inquéritos populacionais e estudos longitudinais que embasem políticas são essenciais para a promoção da caminhada e do uso da bicicleta como deslocamento.

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo discutir la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento en la población brasileña. La evidencia científica de países principalmente de altos ingresos muestra contribuciones tanto a la salud de las personas, señalando que estas actividades físicas pueden ser una parte importante de la vida diaria y ayudar en la prevención de enfermedades, como a la salud de las ciudades, mediante la reducción de la contaminación atmosférica y acústica y los problemas causados por el exceso de vehículos de motor. Se discuten las formas de medición en las encuestas nacionales y las nuevas tecnologías que se han utilizado. Los análisis de tendencias muestran una caída en este tipo de actividad física entre los adultos que viven en las capitales brasileñas, pero a medida que se analizan en conjunto la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta, las interpretaciones se ven afectadas, lo que también limita el estudio de los factores asociados con diferentes tipos de desplazamientos. Algunas capitales brasileñas experimentan una evolución en el aumento de las estructuras ambientales, pero los indicadores de población muestran que los grupos de menor nivel socioeconómico todavía tienen menos acceso. Se discuten cómo estas actividades en Brasil aún se practican por necesidad y sin elección cuyos costos de transporte siguen siendo altos y los entornos son poco equitativos. La mayoría de los estudios en Brasil son transversales, lo que afecta la evaluación de los posibles efectos sobre la salud y la influencia de las variables sociales y los cambios ambientales en este comportamiento. Las nuevas encuestas de población y los estudios longitudinales que apoyan las políticas son esenciales para fomentar la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento.

This essay aims to discuss walking and cycling as a means of transportation for the Brazilian population. Scientific evidence (mainly from high-income countries) shows their contributions to people’s health, pointing out that these physical activities can constitute an important part of daily life and contribute to preventing diseases and to the health of municipalities by reducing air and noise pollution and the problems due to the excess of motor vehicles. We discuss the forms of measurement in national surveys and the new technologies that have been used. Trend analyses show a decrease in this type of physical activity in adults living in Brazilian capitals. However, analyzing walking and cycling together impairs interpretations and limits the study of factors associated with different types of commuting. We show that some Brazilian capitals are increasing their environmental structures, but population indicators show that groups of lower socioeconomic levels have less access to the. We discuss how much these activities are still practiced out of necessity − rather than out of choice − in Brazil due to transportation costs that remain high and unequal environments. However, most studies in Brazil being cross-sectional impairs the evaluation of possible effects on health and the influence of social variables and environmental changes on this behavior. New population surveys and longitudinal studies that support policies are essential to promote walking and cycling as a means of transportation.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda el diseño curricular de la asignatura Educación Laboral desde un enfoque científico, técnico, tecnológico e innovador, una problemática latente en la actualidad en función de preparar a los educandos para resolver problemas de la vida cotidiana en el contexto social y económico en el que se desarrollan. La investigación se desarrolla sobre la base del Método Dialéctico Materialista, se asumen para el desarrollo de la investigación los métodos: revisión documental, análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, sistémico estructural funcional. Como resultado se aportan los elementos esenciales para el tratamiento al contenido compuesto por tres subsistemas: cognitivo-laboral; práctico-laboral; productivo-laboral.

ABSTRACT The article approaches the curricular design of the subject Labor Education from a scientific focus, technician, technological and innovative, a latent problem at the present time in function of preparing to the educating to solve problems of the daily life in the social and economic context in which you/they are developed. The investigation is developed on the base of the Materialistic Dialectical Method; they are assumed for the development of the investigation the methods: documental revision, analysis - synthesis and induction - deduction, systemic structural functional. As a result the essential elements are contributed for the treatment to the compound content for three subsystems: cognitivo-labor; practical-labor; productive-labor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a prevalence of approximately 7% in the Portuguese population, affecting individuals of all ages. Occupational asthma accounts for 5% to 20% of late-onset asthma cases and is often associated with exposure to chemical irritants or other agents in the workplace. Early diagnosis and intervention, including the removal of the causal agent, are essential for improving prognosis. This case report describes the development of occupational asthma in a woman with prolonged exposure to irritant products in her work as a domestic worker. This case report aims to highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the use of personal protective equipment in the prevention of occupational asthma and its’ biopsychosocial implications. Clinical Case: A 62-year-old woman, a domestic worker since the age of 13, with a medical history of allergic rhinitis, depressive disorder, osteoporosis, and prior surgery for an epigastric hernia, presented for consultation. Pulmonary nodules were identified in the right lung during a computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient denied the presence of respiratory symptoms. However, during the pneumology consultation, she described chest tightness upon exertion and in environments with strong smells over the past six years, symptoms that she didn't appreciate before. Respiratory function tests revealed mild bronchial hyperreactivity, confirmed through a methacholine challenge test. Based on these findings and the patient’s occupational history, a diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated asthma was established. The patient began treatment with inhaled fluticasone/vilanterol. Due to her profession, which involved daily exposure to irritant products, a suspicion of occupational disease was reported. In the following years, the patient experienced worsening respiratory and depressive symptoms, leading to her resignation and an unsuccessful attempt at early retirement. She was referred for social support due to financial difficulties resulting from her inability to return to work. Discussion/Conclusion: This case describes a case of non-IgE-mediated asthma in a domestic worker and highlights the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) in workplaces with exposure to respiratory irritants. The use of PPE could have prevented the development of occupational asthma by mitigating the harmful effects of prolonged exposure to cleaning products. The prognosis for occupational asthma is generally poor, with avoidance of exposure being the primary method of control, as pharmacological treatments have limited impact when exposure persists. This case also illustrates the biopsychosocial consequences of occupational disease, with negative effects on the patient’s quality of life and financial independence, underscoring the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing such cases.

RESUMO Introdução: A asma brônquica é uma doença inflamatória crónica das vias aéreas com prevalência de cerca de 7% na população portuguesa, afetando indivíduos de todas as idades. A asma ocupacional representa entre 5% e 20% dos casos de asma de início tardio e está frequentemente associada à exposição a irritantes químicos ou outros agentes no local de trabalho. O diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção, incluindo a remoção do agente causal, são fundamentais para melhorar o prognóstico. Este caso clínico descreve o desenvolvimento de asma ocupacional numa mulher com longa exposição a produtos irritantes no exercício da sua profissão como trabalhadora do serviço doméstico. Com o presente relato de caso pretende-se destacar a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual na prevenção da asma ocupacional, bem como as consequentes implicações biopsicossociais. Caso Clínico: Apresenta-se o caso de uma mulher de 62 anos, trabalhadora do serviço doméstico desde os treze anos, com antecedentes de rinite alérgica, perturbação depressiva, osteoporose e cirurgia a uma hérnia epigástrica. Após a realização de uma tomografia computorizada pulmonar, foram identificados nódulos no pulmão direito. A paciente não referiu sintomatologia respiratória relevante. No entanto, durante a consulta de pneumologia, referiu sensação de opressão torácica com o esforço e em ambientes com cheiros intensos nos últimos seis anos, sintomas que desvalorizava até então. As provas de função respiratória revelaram hiperreatividade brônquica ligeira, confirmada através de uma prova de broncoconstrição com metacolina. Com base nesses achados e na história ocupacional, foi assumido o diagnóstico de asma não IgE mediada. A paciente iniciou tratamento com terapêutica inalatória com fluticasona/vilanterol. Devido à sua profissão, que envolvia exposição diária a produtos irritantes, foi notificada a suspeita de doença profissional. Nos anos seguintes, a paciente apresentou agravamento da sintomatologia respiratória e, consequentemente, depressiva, o que conduziu ao seu despedimento e tentativa de reforma antecipada, que foi indeferida. A paciente foi referenciada para apoio social devido às dificuldades económicas resultantes da incapacidade para retomar a atividade laboral. Discussão/Conclusão: Este caso clínico descreve um quadro de asma não IgE mediada numa trabalhadora do serviço doméstico e evidencia a importância da proteção individual em ambientes de trabalho com exposição a agentes irritantes respiratórios. A utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) poderia ter prevenido o desenvolvimento da asma ocupacional, mitigando os efeitos nocivos da exposição prolongada a produtos de limpeza. O prognóstico da asma ocupacional é geralmente mau, sendo a evicção da exposição o principal método de controlo, uma vez que os tratamentos farmacológicos têm impacto limitado quando a exposição persiste. Este caso ilustra também as consequências biopsicossociais da doença ocupacional, com efeitos negativos sobre a qualidade de vida e independência financeira da utente, sublinhando a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar para a sua gestão.

Resumen Introducción: Las condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida afectan la respuesta emocional durante la adolescencia. Para estudiar el efecto de la crianza temprana sobre la respuesta emocional, han sido útiles modelos animales como la separación materna (SM) y el enriquecimiento social (ES) mediante anidamiento comunitario. Sin embargo, se desconoce la comparación del efecto de la SM y el ES sobre las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad en ratas adolescentes. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de la SM y el ES sobre la respuesta emocional de ratas adolescentes expuestas al test del laberinto en cruz elevado (EPM). Método: Las ratas Wistar preñadas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres grupos según la condición de crianza. En el grupo SM, las crías fueron separadas diariamente de sus madres durante 180 minutos, desde el día postnatal (P) 2 hasta el 14. En el grupo ES, dos hembras que parieron de forma sincronizada se alojaron en una caja con una camada de ocho crías. Las hembras del alojamiento estándar de control (SH) se alojaron individualmente y se mantuvieron con sus crías hasta el destete (P23). En P32, se evaluaron las medidas relacionadas con la ansiedad mediante un EPM. Resultados: La SM y el ES aumentan las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad y la locomoción en las ratas expuestas al EPM. El ES tuvo efectos dependientes del sexo en las medidas relacionadas con ansiedad, aumentando la actividad vertical en las hembras y la actividad horizontal en los machos. La SM, pero no el ES, incrementó la ganancia de peso corporal en las ratas hembra. Conclusiones: Condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida pueden dar lugar a un fenotipo de ansiedad aumentado en el EPM durante la adolescencia. Es probable que el efecto favorable del ES dependa del número de hembras por nido comunitario.

Abstract Introduction: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life affect emotional response during adolescence. To study the effect of early rearing on emotional response, animal models such as maternal separation (MS) and social enrichment (SE) by community nesting have been useful. However, the comparison of the effect of MS and SE on anxiety-related behaviours in adolescent rats is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of MS and SE on the emotional response of adolescent rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups according to the rearing condition. In the MS group, pups were separated daily from their dams for 180 minutes, from postnatal day (P) 2 to 14. In the SE group, two females that gave birth synchronously were housed in a cage with a litter of eight pups. Females from control standard housing (SH) were individually housed and kept with their offspring until weaning (P23). On P32, anxiety-related measures were evaluated using an EPM. Results: MS and SE increase anxiety-related behaviours and locomotion in rats exposed to the EPM. SE had sex-dependent effects on anxiety-related measures, increasing vertical activity in females and horizontal activity in males. MS but not SE increased body weight gain in female rats. Conclusion: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life may result in an increased anxiety phenotype in the EPM during adolescence. It is likely that the favourable effect of SE depends on the number of dams per communal nest.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bovine cattle raising is the most important line of the economy of Caquetá department and El Doncello municipality, according to the figures given by the Departmental Committee of Cattlemen there is a herd of2,175,065 cattle heads in the region, many of the rural families depend on said economic activity to generate their income; To do this, the life analysis methodology examines the assets that communities have which are called community capital, and the approach they use to meet their fundamental human needs. Objective: To assess sustainable means and the application of community capital in cattle rancher families in the municipality of El Doncello, Caquetá (Colombia). Materials and methods: For the collection of information the producer families of the municipality of El Doncello were assessed; based on the sources of the Departmental Committee of Cattlemen, for this purposefamilies were surveyed and participatory workshops were carried out using the livelihood methodology framing the community capitals (human, natural, financial, physical and social) using 36 variables for the assessment of them, and the fundamental human needs (basic of the person, the environment and of action) that grouped 15 analysis variables; Subsequently, the interpretation and analysis of the data was made through aprincipal component analysis-PCA relating the typologies and each of the variables assessed in this study; all the data were run in the InfoStat Program. Results: It was found that 939 families base their economy on livestock production in the municipality of El Doncello, the human capital of these families was distributed in 72 men representing 15.55 %, 81 women (17.49 %), 143 boys (30.89 %)and 167 girls (36.07%), finding three types of families: Typology 1: families with <50 bovines on theirfarms; Typology 2: between 51 and 100 bovines, and Typology 3: >101 bovines, where financial capital is the one that represents the greatest contribution given its characteristics of income generation and well-beingfor families. The principal component analysis-ACP carried out for social capital divided according to the first principal component-PC1 with a contribution of 62.3 % to Family Typology 1 (families with <50 head of cattle) to the positive end of said component strongly associated with the variables greater participation in projects and organizations to which they belong, with the particularity of having a greater number of members at home; from Typology 3 to the negative end of said component associated with the variables greater number of shared spaces in which they participate and greater level of family participation. In the same way, for natural capital, a separation was observed between Family Typology 1, associated with the variables greater number of water sources, mainly due to the fact that a large part of these producers were in the mountain range zone, greater area in stubble, greater number of spaces used and more activities for consumption, such as plantations of plantain, cocoa, cassava and other subsistence crops and Family Typology 2 strongly associated with the variables greater number of trees in pastures and greater percentage of natural products. One of the most important capitals within the producers is the financial one, for which the following was observed: the first principal component-PC1, with a contribution of 43.7%, separates Typology 1 from the positive end of said component associated with the variable income from daily wages and income from subsidies, these families are the ones that generate the least amount of assets and through which they diversify their income that are not only dependent on livestockproduction as such, but also on other types of economic activities, of the Typology 2 to the negative extreme associated with the variables income from transfers, credits, income from formal employment and income from the sale ofprocessed products, such as cheese. The second main component-PC2, with a contribution of 24.4 %, groups Family Typology 3 strongly associated with the highest income from the sale of space-use products, These families, by owning a greater number of cattle heads, base a large part of their economy in said activity, but they diversify it with other types of income such as rubber crops, cocoa, pineapple, plantain, cassava, among others. Finally, the fundamental human needs-FHN can be defined as very similar for the three types of families studied, with slight adjustments in the basic needs for Typology 1, where food, health, shelter and security are classified as bad and regular. Although the situation does not vary much for Typology 2, but it does look better for Typology 3 in which satisfaction is good, except for security, everyone has the same perception, this is mainly due to the presence of certain illegal armed groups in the region. Regarding the needs of the person, the environment and action, there are no variations between the different types. Conclusions: Finally, it was possible to observe a high cultural tie that cattle ranchers have for this economic activity that is evidenced in human capital, where we see the number of people who directly depend on livestock and its derivatives. Also, in terms of financial capital, it can be observed that there is a great diversification of the income of families that not only depend on livestock, but also on income from formal employment, daily wages, loans and sales of other crops such as plantain, cassava, rubber and cocoa; In terms of social and natural capital, a good sustainable appropriation of environmental care and the participation of rural communities are observed. Finally, a low contribution to the fundamental human needs of the producing communities is denoted, this mainly due to the social and economic conditions of the region; In this sense, this study has repercussions as a first diagnosis in the management of the livelihoods of rural cattle-raising communities in the department of Caquetá.

Resumen Los procesos de recuperación de memorias mapuche están atravesados por exigencias hegemónicas de pureza, que provocan disputas en torno a cómo nombrar e interpelar a quienes tienen ancestros de ese pueblo, pero no se identifican públicamente como parte de él. Analizar mi reflexividad en un trabajo etnográfico desarrollado en Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina) me llevó a reconocer que los criterios de pureza se fundaban en supuestos y teleologías desde los que me acercaba a las experiencias y los posicionamientos que elaboran esos sujetos alrededor de su pertenencia. Estas personas, planteo, no son pasivas ni sostienen una oposición unívoca a la hegemonía. Antes bien, en prácticas cotidianas de socialización, producen desplazamientos de los discursos hegemónicos y actúan en ocasiones coyunturales, a partir de las cuales se reposicionan en el contexto de los vínculos con sus ancestros. Estos procesos son abiertos y sobredeterminados, y no necesariamente se expresan en categorías de identidad/diferencia.

Abstract The recovery of Mapuche memories is affected by hegemonic requirements of purity, which inscribe disputes around how to name and address those subjects who have ancestors belonging to that people, but do not publicly ascribe themselves as part of it. Analyzing my reflexivity in an ethnographic work carried out in Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina), led me to recognize that the criteria of purity were inscribed in assumptions and teleologies from which I approached the experiences and positionings that these subjects elaborate around their belonging. These people, I argue, are not passive, nor do they maintain an unequivocal opposition to hegemony. Rather, in everyday socialization practices, they produce displacements of hegemonic discourses and act on conjunctural occasions, from which they reposition themselves in the ties with their ancestors. These processes are open and overdetermined, and are not necessarily expressed in categories of identity/difference.

Resumo Os processos de recuperação de memórias Mapuche são atravessados por exigências hegemônicas de pureza, que provocam disputas em torno de como nomear e dirigir-se àqueles que têm antepassados desse povo, mas não se identificam publicamente como parte dele. Analisar minha reflexividade em um trabalho etnográfico realizado em Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina) me levou a reconhecer que os critérios de pureza estavam fundados em pressupostos e teleologias desde os quais eu abordava as experiências e posicionamentos que esses sujeitos elaboram ao redor de seu pertencimento. Essas pessoas, argumento, não são passivas, nem mantêm uma oposição unívoca à hegemonia. Pelo contrário, em práticas cotidianas de socialização, produzem deslocamentos dos discursos hegemônicos e atuam em ocasiões conjunturais, a partir das quais se reposicionam no contexto dos laços com seus antepassados. Estes processos são abertos e sobredeterminados, e não se expressam necessariamente em categorias de identidade/diferença.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación que da origen a este artículo es conocer los usos que le dan a los smartphones las madres de la ciudad de Valparaíso, principal ciudad puerto del país. La inexistencia de estudios empíricos, en un contexto de alta tasa de penetración de dispositivos móviles, que analicen en profundidad los procesos de uso y apropiación de las tecnologías móviles y el impacto en el quehacer diario, además de la influencia en la vida cotidiana de las madres, se encuentran en el origen de esta investigación. El diseño de la investigación se basó en un estudio cualitativo, no experimental, transversal, de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo. Se llevaron a cabo cinco grupos focales en la ciudad de Valparaíso y cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas con participantes seleccionadas a partir de los grupos focales. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre los meses de octubre y diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020, en el contexto de las movilizaciones del llamado “estallido social”, con una fuerte representación de grupos feministas. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido y los resultados corresponden a los focus realizados durante los meses de octubre a diciembre de 2019. El principal hallazgo de este estudio es dar cuenta de cómo el teléfono móvil se encuentra presente en todos los estadios de la crianza y la relación madre-hijo, incluso antes del nacimiento y en las primeras etapas de gestación.

Abstract This research aimed to learn how mothers use smartphones, in the city of Valparaíso —the main Chilean port city. In a context of high penetration of mobile devices, the lack of empirical studies that delve into the use and appropriation of mobile technologies and their impact and influence in mothers’ daily life motivated this research work. The research design was based on a qualitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study. Five focus groups were conducted in the city of Valparaíso, along with five semi-structured interviews with participants selected from the focus groups. Fieldwork was carried out between October and December 2019 and January 2020, in the context of the mobilizations under the so-called "social outbreak," with a conspicuous representation of feminist groups. Content analysis was performed with its findings aligned to the data gathered in the focus groups between October and December 2019. The main finding of the study shows prevalent presence of mobile phones in all the stages of upbringing and mother-child relationship, even before birth and early pregnancy stages.

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem se proposto inquirir como as mães usam os smartphones na cidade de Valparaíso, a principal cidade portuária do Chile. Em um contexto de alta penetração de dispositivos móveis, a falta de estudos empíricos que aprofundem o uso e a apropriação de tecnologias móveis e seu impacto e influência na vida cotidiana das mães deu origem a este trabalho de pesquisa. Foram realizados cinco grupos focais na cidade de Valparaíso, além de cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas com participantes selecionados dos grupos focais. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entre outubro e dezembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, no contexto das mobilizações do chamado "surto social", com forte representação de grupos feministas. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo com resultados correspondentes aos dados coletados nos grupos focais entre outubro e dezembro de 2019. O principal resultado do estudo é a presença predominante do celular em todas as etapas da educação e da relação mãe-filho, mesmo antes do nascimento e nas primeiras fases da gravidez.

Resumen Objetivo: La imagen corporal es un factor predictivo de la salud psicológica, física y social. Por lo tanto, puede ser un indicador para detectar problemas de salud, para utilizar en el contexto de la educación superior. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción con la imagen corporal en estudiantes de enseñanza superior y determinar si la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal está relacionada con los comportamientos de estilo de vida y la satisfacción con la vida. Metodología: En este estudio participaron 166 estudiantes portugueses de enseñanza superior. La imagen corporal se evaluó mediante la escala Figure Rating Scale. Las elecciones activas durante la vida cotidiana se evaluaron mediante el Active Choice Index. El cuestionario también incluía preguntas sobre el comportamiento durante el sueño y el consumo de tabaco y alcohol. La satisfacción con la vida se evaluó mediante una escala de cinco ítems previamente adaptada a la población portuguesa. Resultados: Predominaron los chicos insatisfechos por delgadez (26.10%), mientras que la mayoría de las chicas revelaron estar insatisfechas por sobrepeso (55.70%). Los resultados indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre chicos y chicas en cuanto a las categorías de imagen corporal (p<0.001). Sin embargo, al analizar los comportamientos por separado en función del sexo, no se observaron diferencias. Las conductas activas, así como las demás conductas de salud analizadas (horas de sueño semanales y consumo de alcohol y tabaco) no difirieron entre los distintos niveles de satisfacción con la imagen corporal (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes están insatisfechos con su imagen corporal, siendo mayoritaria la insatisfacción de las chicas por sobrepeso. Los estilos de vida y la satisfacción vital no difieren entre los alumnos satisfechos y los insatisfechos con su imagen corporal.

Abstract Objective: Body image is a predictor of physical, psychological, and social health. Therefore, it can be an indicator for detecting health problems, to be used in the context of higher education. The aim of this study was to assess body image satisfaction in higher education students and to determine whether body image dissatisfaction is related to lifestyle behaviours and life satisfaction. Methodology: This study included 166 Portuguese higher education students. Body image was assessed using the Figure Rating Scale. Active choices during everyday life were assessed using the Active Choice Index. The questionnaire also included questions about sleep behaviour and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Satisfaction with Life was assessed using a five-item scale previously adapted for the Portuguese population. Results: There was a predominance of boys dissatisfied with thinness (26.10%), while the majority of girls revealed that they were dissatisfied due to being overweight (55.70%). The results indicate statistically significant differences between boys and girls in terms of body image categories (p<0.001). However, when we analysed the behaviours separately according to gender, there were no differences. Active behaviours, as well as the other health behaviours analysed (hours of sleep per week and alcohol and tobacco consumption) did not differ between the different levels of body image satisfaction (p>0.05). Conclusion: Most of the students are dissatisfied with their body image, with the majority of girls showing dissatisfaction due to being overweight. Lifestyles and life satisfaction do not differ between students who are satisfied and those who are dissatisfied with their body image.

Resumen Antecedentes: La estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr) es una técnica no invasiva que actúa sobre la actividad de la corteza cerebral, empleando corrientes eléctricas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este proyecto es evaluar la eficacia de la EMTr sobre el dolor y la calidad de vida en pacientes con dolor neuropático periférico inducido por quimioterapia. Métodos: Diez pacientes con dolor neuropático periférico inducido por quimioterapia recibieron 20 sesiones de EMTr que consistieron en un tratamiento de 15 minutos repetido 5 veces por semana durante cuatro semanas (10 Hz, 20 s, 30 trenes con 81 % de intensidad). Los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante el Inventario Breve de Dolor (BPI) y la Evaluación Funcional de la Terapia del Cáncer y la neurotoxicidad (FACT-GOG-NTX 13). Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en la severidad media del dolor del BPI, la puntuación de interferencia y el FACT-GOG-NTX 13 (p<0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio piloto sugieren que la rTMS es potencialmente beneficiosa para el tratamiento de la neuropatía periférica inducida por la quimioterapia. La rTMS sobre M1 tuvo una reducción importante de la severidad del dolor, la interferencia con las actividades diarias y las puntuaciones de calidad de vida. Sin embargo, los resultados deben tomarse con cautela debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra, la ausencia de un grupo de control y el corto período de seguimiento.

Abstract Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique that acts on the activity of the cerebral cortex employing electrical currents. Aim: The objective of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of rTMS on pain and quality of life in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Method: Ten patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain received 20 sessions of rTMS, consisting of 15 minutes of treatment repeated 5 times per week for four weeks (10 Hz, 20s, 30 trains with 81% intensity). Patients were evaluated using the Brief pain inventory (BPI) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and neurotoxicity (FACT-GOG-NTX 13). Results: There were significant differences in BPI mean severity, interference score and FACT-GOG-NTX 13 (p<0,05). Conclusion: The pilot study results suggest that rTMS is potentially beneficial for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. rTMS over the M1 had an important reduction in pain severity, interference with daily activities, and quality of life scores. However, results should be taken with caution due to the small sample size, absence of a control group and short period of follow-up.