Summary: Excessive use of chlorpyrifos affects the quality of agricultural soils causing negative effects on the safety of harvested food. The behavior of chlorpyrifos residues depends on soil properties, especially organic matter. Our aim in this research was to determine the effect of the application of vermicompost on the residual and dissipation of chlorpyrifos in an entisol soil of semi-arid climate with variations in its edaphic fertility. Four treatments were studied. T1: 7.5% vermicompost (V) and 92.5% soil (S); T2: 5% V and 95% S; T3: 2.5% V and 97.5% S; T4: 0% V and 100% S. The treatments were subjected to a seven-day incubation period. Subsequently, a dose of chlorpyrifos of 1.5 mg kg-1 as active ingredient was applied once for each treatment. A completely randomized design was used with three replicates for each treatment, forming 12 experimental units. The analytical determination of chlorpyrifos was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluations were carried out 1.7, 14, 28, 42, 70 and 98 days after the application of chlorpyrifos. The results showed that the incorporation of vermicompost to the soil at increasing levels promoted a decrease in the residual concentration of chlorpyrifos and facilitated its gradual dissipation. The chlorpyrifos dissipation curves correspond to a first order logarithmic equation where the effects of the treatments caused greater dissipation of chlorpyrifos as the evaluation period elapsed. At 98 days of evaluation, T1 registered lower residuality (0.786 m kg-1), higher daily dissipation rate (0.008) and lower half-life of chlorpyrifos (86.64 days). At the end of the research period, edaphic levels of P, K, EC and CEC increased while OM, N and pH decreased after vermicompost application.

Resumen: El uso excesivo de clorpirifos afecta la calidad de los suelos agrícolas provocando efectos negativos en la inocuidad de los alimentos cosechados. El comportamiento de los residuos de clorpirifos depende de las propiedades edáficas especialmente la materia orgánica. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto de la aplicación de vermicompost en la residualidad y disipación de clorpirifos en un suelo entisol de clima semiárido con variaciones en su fertilidad edáfica. Se estudiaron cuatro tratamientos. T1: 7.5% vermicompost (V) y 92.5% suelo (S); T2: 5% V y 95% S; T3: 2.5% V y 97.5% S; T4: 0% V y 100% S. Los tratamientos fueron sometidos a un periodo de incubación de siete días. Posteriormente, se aplicó una dosis de clorpirifos de 1.5 mg kg-1 como ingrediente activo en una sola oportunidad por cada tratamiento. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por cada tratamiento conformando 12 unidades experimentales. La determinación analítica de clorpirifos se efectuó por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). Las evaluaciones se realizaron a 1,7, 14, 28, 42, 70 y 98 días de la aplicación de clorpirifos. Los resultados demostraron que la incorporación de vermicompost al suelo en niveles crecientes promovió la disminución de la concentración residual de clorpirifos y facilitó su disipación de manera gradual. Las curvas de disipación de clorpirifos corresponden a una ecuación logarítmica de primer orden donde los efectos de los tratamientos ocasionaron mayor disipación de clorpirifos conforme transcurrió el periodo de evaluación. A 98 días de evaluación el T1 registró menor residualidad (0.786 m kg-1), mayor tasa de disipación diaria (0.008) y menor vida media de clorpirifos (86.64 días). Al final del periodo de investigación, los niveles edáficos de P, K, CE y CIC se incrementaron mientras que la MO, N y pH descendieron luego de la aplicación de vermicompost.

Resumen El artículo se centra en las construcciones subjetivas que las personas (transmigrantes) desarrollan en la ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas, en su tránsito hacia Estados Unidos. Se realiza un análisis de contenido cualitativo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad para comprender las formas en que los individuos se relacionan con las estructuras sociales e intentan subvertirlas o transformarlas por medio de estrategias que les permiten sobrellevar la situación de espera. La inmovilidad dentro de la movilidad humana y cómo en ella se tejen nuevas subjetividades representa el rasgo de originalidad de este artículo. Se concluye que la marginación estructural a la que son sometidas las personas transmigrantes puede superarse por medio de acciones que, a pesar de su apariencia inocua, cuentan con un potencial simbólico considerable para desestabilizar los discursos hegemónicos que establecen una separación entre formas de existir, concepciones y maneras de proceder en el mundo.

Abstract This text focuses on the subjective constructions that people (transmigrants) develop in the city of Tapachula, Chiapas on their way to the United States. A qualitative content analysis is carried out based on in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand the ways in which individuals relate to social structures and try to subvert or transform them through strategies that allow them to cope with the waiting situation. Standby. Immobility within human mobility and how new subjectivities are woven into it represents the trait of originality of this article. It is concluded that the structural marginalization to which transmigrants are endured can be overcome through actions that, despite their innocuous appearance, have considerable symbolic potential to destabilize hegemonic discourses that strengthen a separation between ways of existing, conceptions and ways of proceeding in the world.

Abstract Introduction Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective To evaluate the living standard of patients with SCA, by applying the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) and Activitiesspecific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) questionnaires. Methods An uncontrolled clinical trial study was conducted with 28 patients who underwent anamnesis, ENT evaluation, and vestibular assessment and the application of questionnaires VADL and ABC before and after rehabilitation with virtual reality. Results The vestibular exam was altered in 64.3% of the cases. The result between the correlation of the VADL and ABC questionnaires showed significant results in all cases (p < 0.005). The correlation between the ages and disease length with the VADL and ABC questionnaires was significant in the T3 assessment (p = 0.015). The correlation between the disease length and the VADL questionnaire was significant in all cases (p < 0.005). The comparison of the vestibular rehabilitation result (T1 to T2) showed a significant difference for all the applied games, except for the ski slalom. The comparison of the vestibular rehabilitation result (T1 to T3) showed significant difference for all the applied games (p < 0.005) (1st assessment before the start of rehabilitation designated T1, after 10 rehabilitation sessions, considered T2 and, at the end of 20 rehabilitation sessions, called T3). Conclusion We can point out a direct improvement in the living standard, reflected by the reduction of falls, better balance, and march, contributing to a higher self-confidence in patients in daily activities. SCAs (SCAs diseases SCA (VADL (ABC 2 anamnesis evaluation reality 643 64 3 64.3 p 0.005. 0005 0.005 . 0 005 T 0.015. 0015 0.015 015 0.015) T1 (T slalom 1st st 1 sessions T3. falls balance march selfconfidence self confidence activities 6 64. 000 0.00 00 001 0.01 01 0.0 0.

Resumo O corpus é composto por uma compilação de histórias sobre a experiência de ser homossexual e conviver com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), composta por uma série de entrevistas em profundidade, registros etnográficos situados e conversas informais realizadas durante o ano de 2022 com um homem homossexual que vive com HIV em Puebla, México —e que se chama Patricio—. São analisadas algumas das intersecções semiótico-materiais através das quais se configuram as suas experiências e são destacadas certas figuras imaginárias, os afetos em que se enquadram os seus modos de interação, alguns percursos do seu quotidiano e as suas possibilidades de contenção face às práticas discriminatórias. e cenários estigmatizantes. Em três momentos, são expostas algumas das formas como, entre as formas de corporificação de uma doença e as formas de corporificação da homossexualidade, essas dimensões parecem ser sustentadas pela marca cultural –sempre histórica, sempre política– da vergonha e orgulho.

Resumen El corpus se constituye con un compilado de relatos sobre la experiencia de ser homosexual y vivir con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) conformado a partir de una serie de entrevistas a profundidad, registros etnográficos situados y conversaciones informales realizadas en el transcurso del año de 2022 a un hombre homosexual que vive con VIH en Puebla, México —y a quien se nombra Patricio—. Se analizan algunos de los cruces semiótico-materiales mediante los cuales se configuran sus vivencias y se destacan ciertas figuras imaginarias, los afectos en que se enmarcan sus modos de interacción, algunas travesías de su vida cotidiana y sus posibilidades de contención frente a prácticas discriminatorias y escenarios estigmatizantes. En tres momentos, se exponen algunos de los modos en que, entre las formas de encarnar una enfermedad y los modos en que se corporeiza la homosexualidad, estas dimensiones parecen sostenerse en la marca cultural —siempre histórica, siempre política— de la vergüenza y el orgullo.

Abstract The corpus is made up of a compilation of stories about the experience of being homosexual and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) made up of a series of in-depth interviews, situated ethnographic records and informal conversations carried out during the year 2022 with a man homosexual who lives with HIV in Puebla, Mexico — and who is named Patricio—. Some of the semiotic-material intersections through which his experiences are configured are analyzed. In addition, certain imaginary figures are highlighted, the affects in which his modes of interaction are framed, some journeys of his daily life and his possibilities of containment in the face of discriminatory practices and stigmatizing scenarios. In three moments, some of the ways in which, between the ways of embodying an illness and the ways in which homosexuality is embodied, are exposed, these dimensions seem to be sustained by the cultural mark —always historical, always political— of shame and pride.

Abstract Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with economic repercussions for pig farmers worldwide as it causes low feed efficiency and, therefore, less weight gain in the fattening stage. The effect of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (EP, plant extracts) on the productive performance of fattening pigs and on the health of a herd affected by PRRS was evaluated. Nine-hundred and sixty fattening pigs with an initial average weight of 5.21 ± 0.065 kg was randomly assigned to one of four treatments, T1, control; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. The variables analyzed were weight at day 70 of life (P70), weight at market (PM), daily weight gain at day 70 of life (GDP70), daily weight gain to market (GDPM), feed conversion at day 70 of life (CA70) and feed conversion at market (CAM). T2 and T4 diets exceeded the control and T3 in P70 and GDP (P < 0.05), T2 and T4 did better than the control and T3 in CA70 (P < 0.05). T2, T3, and T4 surpasssed the control in PM (P < 0.05). All pigs had antibodies against PRRS throughout the study, although pigs in the second fattening cycle showed higher IgG values for T2 and T4. The cost of production for T2, T3 and T4 was lower for GDPM, CAM and PM. In conclusion, the treatments T2, T3, and T4 were superior to the control in PM and therefore, the use of DHA and phylogens wasp cost-effective.

Resumen El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad que impacta económicamente a la porcicultora, pues provoca baja eficiencia alimenticia y menor ganancia de peso en la fase de engorda. Se evaluó el efecto de adicionar la dieta con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) sobre el desempeño productivo de cerdos en engorda y en la salud de una piara con PRRS. Novecientos sesenta cerdos con un peso promedio inicial de 5.21 ± 0.065 kg fueron asignados a uno de cuatro tratamientos: T1, testigo; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. Las variables fueron: peso al día 70 (P70), peso a la salida al mercado (PM), ganancia diaria de peso al día 70 (GDP70), ganancia diaria de peso al mercado (GDPM), conversión alimenticia al día 70 (CA70) y conversión alimenticia a la salida al mercado (CAM). P70 y GDP mostraron que las dietas T2 y T4 (P < 0.05) superaron al testigo y a T3. En CA70, los cerdos de T2 y T4 fueron mejores que el testigo y T3 (P < 0.05). En PM, T2, T3 y T4 superaron al testigo (P < 0.05). Todos los cerdos fueron positivos a PRRS durante todo el estudio, aunque los cerdos del segundo ciclo de engorda mostraron más IgG en T2 y T4. El costo de producción para T2, T3 y T4 fue menor para GDPM, CAM y PM. En conclusión, las dietas experimentales fueron superiores al testigo en PM y, por ende, el uso de DHA y fitogénicos resultó rentable.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o reforço e sistematização de uma agenda de investigação enquadrada em torno dos regimes de trabalho. Estes são pensados como uma ferramenta e uma categoria intermédia para a compreensão dos processos laborais actuais e das suas mudanças a nível local, regional e global; das formas de produção e reprodução social vigentes e, sobretudo, das dinâmicas e efeitos diversos que a exploração tem no quotidiano dos trabalhadores. Esta agenda posiciona a sua análise nas formas específicas que o trabalho assume em diferentes escalas e relações situadas e o trabalhador como principal sujeito analítico. Para tal, faremos uma abordagem dos debates ligados ao processo de trabalho e às dinâmicas de controlo. Em seguida, serão explorados os contributos de Michael Burawoy, os regimes de fábrica e a aplicação das suas ideias a várias realidades históricas. A secção seguinte abordará a transição concetual de regime fabril para regime laboral e passará em revista os contributos dados nos últimos anos nesta área, com a intenção de apresentar uma definição própria, concebida para a abordagem empírica.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como propósito aportar al fortalecimiento y la sistematización de una agenda de investigación enmarcada en los regímenes del trabajo. Los mismos son pensados como herramienta y categoría intermedia para comprender los procesos de trabajo actuales y sus cambios a nivel local, regional y global; las formas de producción y reproducción social vigente y, sobre todo, las dinámicas y efectos diversos que la explotación posee en la vida cotidiana de las y los trabajadores. Esta agenda posiciona su análisis en las formas específicas que el trabajo adopta en diversas escalas y relaciones situadas y al trabajador y la trabajadora como sujeto analítico primordial. Para ello se realizará un recorrido por los debates vinculados al proceso de trabajo y las dinámicas de control. Luego se indagará en los aportes realizados por Michael Burawoy, los regímenes fabriles y la aplicación de sus planteos a variadas realidades históricas. El siguiente punto ubicará el paso conceptual de régimen de fábrica a régimen de trabajo y transitará por las contribuciones realizadas en los últimos años en esta materia con la intención de presentar una definición propia pensada para el abordaje empírico.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to contribute to the strengthening and systematization of a research agenda framed in labour regimes. These are considered as a tool and intermediate category to understand the current labour processes and their changes at local, regional and global levels; the actual forms of production and social reproduction and, above all, the dynamics and diverse effects that exploitation has on the daily life of workers. This agenda positions its analysis in the specific forms that work adopts in different scales and situated relations and the worker as the main analytical subject. In order to do this, a review will be made of the debates linked to the labour process and the dynamics of control. Then we will inquire into the contributions made by Michael Burawoy, the factory regimes and the application of his approaches to several historical realities. The following section will focus on the conceptual transition from factory regime to labour regime and will go through the contributions made in recent years in this field with the intention of presenting its own definition designed for the empirical approach.

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional y el aumento de enfermedades crónicas han incrementado la prevalencia de discapacidad en adultos mayores. Evaluar la capacidad funcional en actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) es esencial para mantener la independencia y calidad de vida. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores en ABVD en el ámbito familiar de Asunción en el año 2023. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en noviembre del 2023, con 91 adultos mayores (≥65 años) de Asunción, en hogares familiares. Se aplicaron encuestas mediante Google Formulario y se utilizó el Índice de Barthel para medir la capacidad funcional. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, con un nivel de significancia de p≤0,05. Se respetaron los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Resultados: Participaron 91 adultos mayores, con una edad promedio de 79 años±8,2. El 62,6% fueron mujeres y 41,8% del grupo de edad de 75 a 84 años. Según el Índice de Barthel, el 59,3% necesita ayuda para cortar alimentos y el 34,1% depende de otra persona para la higiene personal. El 28,6% tiene incontinencia en deposiciones y el 30,8% en micción. La puntuación promedio del Índice de Barthel fue 68,5±33,9, indicando dependencia leve en el 61,5% de los participantes. El 77% de los adultos mayores reciben cuidados de un familiar. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de los adultos mayores mostró algún grado de dependencia, especialmente en actividades de alimentación e higiene. La edad avanzada y el sexo femenino se asociaron con mayores niveles de dependencia. La mayoría de los adultos mayores dependieron de familiares para su cuidado, destacando la necesidad de fortalecer las redes de apoyo y capacitar a los cuidadores informales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Population aging and the increase in chronic diseases have raised the prevalence of disability in older adults. Evaluating functional capacity in basic activities of daily living (BADL) is essential to maintaining independence and quality of life. This study focused on evaluating the functional capacity of older adults in BADL within the family setting of Asunción in 2023. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2023, with 91 older adults (≥65 years) from Asunción, in family homes. Surveys were administered via Google Forms, and the Barthel Index was used to measure functional capacity. The sampling was non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, with a significance level of p≤0.05. Ethical aspects of the research were respected. Results: Ninety-one older adults participated, with an average age of 79 years±8.2. Of these, 62.6% were women and 41.8% were in the age group of 75 to 84 years. According to the Barthel Index, 59.3% needed help cutting food, and 34.1% depended on another person for personal hygiene. Additionally, 28.6% had bowel incontinence, and 30.8% had urinary incontinence. The average Barthel Index score was 68.5±3.9, indicating mild dependence in 61.5% of participants. Furthermore, 77% of older adults received care from a family member. Conclusion: A high percentage of older adults showed some degree of dependence, especially in activities related to feeding and hygiene. Advanced age and female sex were associated with higher levels of dependence. Most older adults relied on family members for care, highlighting the need to strengthen support networks and train informal caregivers.

In this study, the analysis of metals in tap, river, wastewater, and sludge samples was conducted using ICP-OES after hotplate- or microwave-assisted digestion. Both digestion methods produced a good degree of accuracy, indicating their suitability for the analysis of the studied metals in water samples. From method development studies, 100 mL of HNO3 was found to be the optimum sample volume and acid type for digestion. The average concentrations obtained ranged from 4.9-410.8 μg/L, 5.9-465.0 μg/L, 3.6-425.4 μg/L, 16.1-647 μg/L and 9.7-784 μg/L in tap water, river, influent, effluent, and sludge samples, respectively. All metals were below their maximum permissible limits, with the exception of Mn in all sludge samples and Pb in all tap water, Umhlathuzana River, and Northern Works influent samples. Comparable recoveries and metal concentrations were obtained by microwave and hotplate methods, suggesting that the cheaper hotplate method can be used as an effective digestion method for daily analysis. Common anion concentrations obtained ranged from 0.03-23.5 mg/L, 0.02-3 064.67 mg/L, and 0.32-175.67 mg/L for tap, river, and wastewater samples, respectively. The anion concentrations were found to be below the maximum acceptable limits indicating no negative health effect on human and aquatic life, with the exception of Cl- and SO4(2-) in Amanzimtoti and Northern River water, respectively.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 and the risk factors for LUTS six months after hospitalization. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients were evaluated six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score. General health was assessed through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EQ5D-L5 scale, which evaluates mobility, ability to perform daily activities, pain and discomfort and completed a self-perception health evaluation. Results: Of 255 participants, 54.1% were men and the median age was 57.3 [44.3 – 66.6] years. Pre-existing comorbidities included diabetes (35.7%), hypertension (54.5%), obesity (30.2%) and physical inactivity (65.5%). One hundred and twenty-four patients (48.6%) had a hospital stay >15 days, 181 (71.0%) were admitted to an ICU and 124 (48.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. Median IPSS was 6 [3-11] and did not differ between genders. Moderate to severe LUTS affected 108 (42.4%) patients (40.6% men and 44.4% women; p=0.610). Nocturia (58.4%) and frequency (45.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms and urgency was the only symptom that affected men (29.0%) and women (44.4%) differently (p=0.013). LUTS impacted the quality of life of 60 (23.5%) patients with women more severely affected (p=0.004). Diabetes, hypertension, and self-perception of worse general health were associated with LUTS. Conclusions: LUTS are highly prevalent and bothersome six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. Assessment of LUTS may help ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment in these patients. Purpose (LUTS COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods study COVID19. 19. Score EQ5DL5 EQDL EQ5D L5 EQ D L EQ5D-L scale mobility activities selfperception self perception evaluation Results 25 participants 541 54 1 54.1 573 57 3 57. 44.3 443 44 [44. 66.6 666 66 years Preexisting Pre existing 35.7%, 357 35.7% , 35 7 (35.7%) 54.5%, 545 54.5% 5 (54.5%) 30.2% 302 30 2 (30.2% 65.5%. 655 65.5% . 65 (65.5%) twentyfour twenty four 48.6% 486 48 (48.6% 15 >1 days 18 71.0% 710 71 0 (71.0% 12 ventilation 311 11 [3-11 genders 10 42.4% 424 42 4 (42.4% 40.6% 406 40 (40.6 444 44.4 p=0.610. p0610 p p=0.610 610 p=0.610) 58.4% 584 58 (58.4% 45.9% 459 45 9 (45.9% 29.0% 290 29 (29.0% (44.4% p=0.013. p0013 p=0.013 013 (p=0.013) 23.5% 235 23 (23.5% p=0.004. p0004 p=0.004 004 (p=0.004) Diabetes Conclusions COVID1 COVID- DL EQ5DL EQD 54. 44. [44 66. 35.7 (35.7% 54.5 (54.5% 30.2 (30.2 65.5 (65.5% 48.6 (48.6 > 71.0 (71.0 31 [3-1 42.4 (42.4 40.6 (40. p061 p=0.61 61 58.4 (58.4 45.9 (45.9 29.0 (29.0 (44.4 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.013 23.5 (23.5 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 [4 35. (35.7 (54.5 30. (30. 65. (65.5 48. (48. 71. (71. [3- 42. (42. 40. (40 p06 p=0.6 58. (58. 45. (45. 29. (29. (44. p00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 23. (23. (p=0.00 [ (35. (54. (30 (65. (48 (71 [3 (42 (4 p0 p=0. (58 (45 (29 (44 (p=0.0 (23 (35 (54 (3 (65 (7 ( p=0 (5 (2 (p=0. (6 p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Paulo Freire considered Popular Education (PE) as an emancipatory process, through debate and critical action, as a dimension of human existence. This text aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the articulations of Paulo Freire’s ideas with Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) actions based on his contributions to Education and Health. The text presents how the contributions of Paulo Freire and Popular Health Education inspired the construction of Popular Health Surveillance, which seeks to promote the transformation of local reality in the face of rights violations and advocate for life. Thus, experiences from vulnerable territories and populations often use Popular Education pedagogical strategies to establish PHS practices. Popular Health Education becomes crucial in the territory to stimulate the transformation of individual perception and discuss their reality. Promoting a praxis about the “critical situation” in the daily lives of social stakeholders allows diagnosing reality based on scientific information in dialogue with culture and popular organization as a possibility of building the “viable unprecedented”. PE (PE process action existence Freires s (PHS life Thus practices situation viable unprecedented. unprecedented . unprecedented”

Resumo Paulo Freire pensava a Educação Popular (EP) como um processo emancipatório, por meio da problematização e agir crítico como dimensões da existência humana. A partir de suas contribuições aos campos da Educação e da Saúde, este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre as articulações das ideias de Paulo Freire com as ações de Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS). O texto apresenta como a contribuição de Paulo Freire e da Educação Popular em Saúde inspirou a construção de uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde, que busca promover a transformação da realidade local frente às situações de violações de direitos e na defesa da vida. Dessa maneira, experiências dos territórios e das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, na maioria das vezes, lançam mão de estratégias pedagógicas da Educação Popular para se constituírem como práticas de VPS. É no território que a Educação Popular em Saúde se torna fundamental para o estímulo à transformação da percepção dos indivíduos, problematizando sua realidade. A promoção de uma práxis acerca da “situação limite” no cotidiano dos atores sociais permite um diagnóstico da realidade, baseado na informação científica em diálogo com a cultura e a organização popular, como possibilidade de construção de “inéditos viáveis”. EP (EP emancipatório humana VPS . (VPS) vida maneira vulnerabilidade vezes indivíduos limite popular inéditos viáveis. viáveis viáveis” (VPS

Abstract Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions correspond to intrusive ideas or images and compulsion is the motor or cognitive act to appease the obsession. Its worldwide prevalence is 3%. There are different factors that influence its appearance, which can be biological, psychological and environmental. Executive functions are a set of skills that regulate cognition and behavior. The objective is to describe the relationship and impact of executive functions in people who suffer from OCD. Materials and methods: Narrative review article based on the state of the art on obsessive-compulsive disorder and executive functions. Results: Various studies report a clinical-anatomical relationship between characteristic signs and symptoms of OCD and alterations evident in executive functions. Executive functions impact functioning in daily life. These functions are strongly related to OCD, generating functional limitations in these patients. For this condition there are treatments such as pharmacological, psychological and surgical therapy. Discussion: There is a need to implement neuropsychological rehabilitation within its treatment to rehabilitate and strengthen such processes, seeking to develop it comprehensively and allow the person to function optimally in their daily lives. Conclusion: Executive functions are a fundamental component for our functioning and autonomy, which is why, since OCD is directly related to failures in these functions, they are considered an important point to take into account when accompanying and treating people who present this condition. disorder.

Resumen Introducción: El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) se caracteriza por obsesiones y compulsiones. Las obsesiones corresponden a ideas o imágenes intrusivas y la compulsión es el acto motor o cognitivo para aplacar la obsesión. Su prevalência mundial es del 3 % y existen diferentes factores que influyen en su aparición, que pueden ser biológicos, psicológicos o ambientales. Por otra parte, las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades que regulan la cognición y el comportamiento, donde este estudio busca describir la relación y afectación de las funciones ejecutivas en personas que padecen TOC. Materiales y métodos: Artículo de revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre el TOC y las funciones ejecutivas. Resultados: Diversos estudios han reportado la relación clínico-anatómica entre signos y síntomas característicos del TOC y la alteración evidenciada en funciones ejecutivas. Las funciones ejecutivas impactan el funcionamiento en la vida diaria y se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas al TOC, generando limitaciones funcionales en estos pacientes. Para esta afección hay tratamientos como las terapias farmacológica, psicológica y quirúrgica. Discusión: Se encuentra la necesidad de implementar, dentro de su tratamiento, la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para rehabilitar y fortalecer las funciones ejecutivas, buscando que se desarrolle de manera integral y que le permita a la persona desenvolverse de manera óptima en su día a día. Conclusión: Las funciones ejecutivas son un componente fundamental para nuestro funcionamiento y autonomía, es por esto que al estar el TOC directamente relacionado con fallas en estas funciones, se considera un punto importante para tener en cuenta al acompañar y tratar a personas que presentan este trastorno.

Abstract Introducción: Desde marzo del año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró como pandemia al COVID-19 y esta situación representó grandes retos para los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Los efectos en los cambios de las rutinas diarias, la práctica de actividades lúdicas, el relacionamiento y la salud mental, conllevaron a un deterioro secundario. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar el estado emocional y la calidad de vida de una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, así como explorar cuál fue la percepción de la calidad de vida en la pandemia causada por COVID-19. Métodos: Esta fue una investigación mixta que incluyó un análisis descriptivo para los datos sociodemográficos y las variables clínicas, y un análisis del discurso con base a las categorías relacionadas con la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EP. Las categories analizadas fueron: pandemia COVID-19, cuidadores, estrategias de adaptación, manejo de la enfermedad y actividades lúdicas. Resultados: En este estudio hubo 12 pacientes, de los cuales el 75 % tenían una media de edad de 75 años (DE 2,9), donde el 50 % presentó niveles leves de ansiedad y el 41 % presentó niveles leves y graves de depresión. La calidad de vida (CV) estuvo afectada por: la movilidad 37,5 (RIC 10,6-45), seguida por el malestar corporal 25 (RIC 10,4-45,8) y la cognición 21,9 (RIC 14-34,3). El 89 % de los hombres vivía con su esposa y el 67 % de las mujeres vivían con uno de sus hijos. Discusión: La entrevista sobre la percepción de la CV durante la pandemia COVID-19 permitió comprender que la experiencia personal es fundamental para mejorar el manejo y el empoderamiento de los pacientes, cuidadores y familiares. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es un factor mediado por dimensiones dinámicas y es afectada por la percepción subjetiva y los cambios en el entorno como la pandemia COVID-19.

Resumen Introduction: Since March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This crisis had big challenges for the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), due to the effects related to changes in daily routines, the practice of leisure activities, relationships and mental health leading to secondary deterioration. Our aim was to characterize the emotional state and quality of life in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease as well as to explore the perception of the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This investigation was conducted as an exploratory mixed study. Descriptive analysis for sociodemographic and clinical variables and, a discourse analysis was carried out based on categories related to the perception of quality of life of patients with PD. Categories analyzed were: Covid-19 pandemic, caregivers, adaptation strategies, management of the disease, and leisure activities. Results: There were twelve patients total in this study. 75% were men with a median age of 75 (SD 2.9). 50% presented mild levels of anxiety and 41% presented mild and severe depression. The QoL was affected for: mobility 37.5 (IRC 10.6-45), body discomfort 25 (IQR 10.4-45.8) and, cognition 21.9 (IQR 14-34.3). 89% lived with their wife and 67% of women lived with one of their children. Discussion: The interview about perception of QoL during Covid-19 pandemic allowed to understand that individual experiences are crucial to improve the management and empowerment the patients, caregivers and families. Conclusion: Quality of life is a factor made up of dynamic dimensions and it is influenced for subjective perspective and changes in environment as a Covid-19 pandemic.

Academic surgery requires a greater commitment compared to surgical practice outside academic centers. It is much more demanding due to the teaching and research load that it involves apart from the care work, which causes conflicts in the work, family relationship and comprehensive professional development. Future generations have different aspirations and visions of how to face daily work without neglecting quality of life. This article analyzes the different factors that affect this balance and how the labor scenario is expected to be managed in the coming years.

Resumen La cirugía académica requiere de un compromiso mayor comparado a la práctica quirúrgica fuera de centros académicos. Es mucho mas demandante por la carga docente y de investigación que involucra aparte de la labor asistencial, lo cual provoca conflictos en la relación laboral, familiar y desarrollo profesional integral. Las futuras generaciones tienen aspiraciones y visiones diferentes de cómo enfrentar el trabajo diario sin descuidar la calidad de vida. En este articulo se analizan los diferentes factores que afectan este equilibrio y como se espera que se manejará el escenario laboral en los próximos años.

Abstract: The implementation of teaching processes in online mode in an emergency remote teaching context challenged teachers to modify their teaching practices, adjusting learning processes to a new scenario. At the curricular level, these change processes were guided by adjustments in the national curriculum through a Curricular Prioritization of learning objectives (LO). The subject of History and Social Sciences was not only challenged by adjustments at the curricular level, but also by the context of social crisis expressed in the Social Outbreak (2019). In this scenario, the study sought to analyze the curricular contextualization practices developed within a History and Social Sciences course aimed at preparing for the Higher Education Access Test (PAES). The results show the existence of intentional curricular contextualization practices that emerge as a consensual agreement among the teaching team. These aspects are related to the curricular incorporation of the Social Problem category and the transformation of daily life into a curricular resource. Unintentional practices linked to the organization of disciplinary knowledge are also identified, aspects that impact the development of Social Historical Thinking.

Resumen: La implementación de procesos de enseñanza en modalidad online en un contexto de docencia remota de emergencia desafió al profesorado a modificar sus prácticas docentes, ajustando los procesos de aprendizaje a un nuevo escenario. A nivel curricular, estos procesos de cambio fueron guiados por ajustes en el currículum nacional a través de una Priorización Curricular de los objetivos de aprendizaje (OA). La asignatura de Historia y Ciencias Sociales no solo se vio desafiada por los ajustes a nivel curricular, sino que también por el contexto de crisis social expresados en el Estallido Social (2019). En este escenario, el estudio buscó analizar las prácticas de contextualización curricular desarrolladas al interior de un curso de Historia y Ciencias Sociales orientado a la preparación para la Prueba de Acceso a la Educación Superior (PAES). Los resultados dan cuenta de la existencia de prácticas intencionadas de contextualización curricular que surgen como acuerdo consensuado entre el equipo docente. Estos aspectos se relacionan con la incorporación curricular de la categoría Problema Social y la transformación de la vida cotidiana en recurso curricular. También se identifican prácticas no intencionadas vinculadas con la organización del conocimiento disciplinar, aspectos que impactan en el desarrollo del Pensamiento Histórico Social.

Resumo: A implementação de processos de ensino na modalidade online em contexto emergencial de ensino remoto desafiou os professores a modificarem suas práticas docentes, adequando os processos de aprendizagem a um novo cenário. No nível curricular, esses processos de mudança foram orientados por ajustes no currículo nacional por meio de uma Priorização Curricular de objetivos de aprendizagem (OA). A disciplina de História e Ciências Sociais não foi apenas desafiada pelos ajustes a nível curricular, mas também pelo contexto de crise social expresso no Surto Social (2019). Nesse cenário, o estudo buscou analisar as práticas de contextualização curricular desenvolvidas dentro de um curso de História e Ciências Sociais voltado à preparação para a Prova de Acesso ao Ensino Superior (PAES). Os resultados mostram a existência de práticas intencionais de contextualização curricular que emergem como um acordo consensual entre a equipe docente. Esses aspectos estão relacionados à incorporação curricular da categoria Problema Social e à transformação do cotidiano em recurso curricular. Identificam-se também práticas não intencionais ligadas à organização do conhecimento disciplinar, aspectos que impactam o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Histórico Social.

Resumen: Esta investigación parte de análisis previos, en los que se abordaron los problemas internos que se suscitan en las organizaciones de contrapoder, esto es, que en un número significativo de los grupos que enfrentan los estragos del neoliberalismo, también se registran luchas por el poder y obtención de privilegios, tal y como acontece en la lucha de los partidos políticos. Dicha manera de proceder deja a ojos vistas que estas actitudes son aprendidas, lo cual se relaciona con el funcionamiento del cerebro humano. En este sentido, un número considerable de las dificultades cotidianas, tienen una fuente enraizada en los genes, así como en el desarrollo cerebral, producto de su evolución. Por ello, el objetivo consiste en exponer la relación de algunos avatares que las personas enfrentan en la actualidad en relación con la herencia biológica.

Abstract: This research is based on previous analyses, in which the internal problems that arise in counter-power organizations were addressed, that is, the fight to obtain privileges. Therefore, this way of proceeding clearly shows that some human attitudes such as the search for obtaining privileges is an individual problem, not due to a political, economic or other system. In the same way, a considerable number of the daily difficulties that we go through individually have a source rooted in genes as well as in brain development, a product of the evolution of the human species. Therefore, the objective is to expose the relationship of some vicissitudes that people currently face in relation to biological inheritance.