ABSTRACT Deformation intensity analysis for mechanical parts are very important data for machine design. For farm machines, these parameters present difficulties for determination due to its particularities. The Machinery industry searches for advanced technologies to determine the mechanical behavior of parts. This article shows the analysis of the reliability in the application of the laser triangulation technique (LTT) to determine the deformation of the mechanical elements of farm machines. A flat cutting disc with standardized dimension was selected as the object of study, as it is commonly used in farm machines, exhibiting a simple geometry made of steel, making the analysis procedure easier both for experimental execution and for data validation. Displacements of 1.0 mm to 10 mm were applied on the specimen. The theoretical behavior of specimen displacement was defined by finite element modelling with same condition of loading and dimension to compare the generated data by the experimental tests. Results indicated a displacement with maximum variation of 2.56% between experimental data and theoretical results and were considered satisfactory. LTT was able to determine deformation curve behavior of machine elements. It was concluded that Laser Triangulation Technique (LTT) was satisfactory to determine the deformation of a specimen. design machines particularities (LTT study steel validation 1 0 1. tests 256 2 56 2.56 25 5 2.5 2.

RESUMO O corte mecanizado da cana-de-açúcar necessita de aprimoramentos, visto que as ferramentas de corte podem afetar a longevidade dos canaviais e aumentar os custos de produção. Além disso, essas ferramentas podem aumentar a demanda energética das máquinas no campo. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar equipadas com distintos mecanismos de corte basal: corte por impacto (lâminas) e corte contínuo (serras) em três áreas comerciais de produção de cana-de-açúcar. O consumo efetivo de combustível e a capacidade efetiva de colheita das máquinas foram avaliados em cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 com seis repetições. As serras aumentaram o consumo de combustível por área em 3,9 e 8,9% por Mg colhido. As características produtivas da cultura determinam a demanda energética dos sistemas de colheita. Para produtividades acima de 90 Mg ha-1, a demanda energética estabilizou-se até 120 Mg ha-1. A demanda de combustível para a colheita variou entre 1,0 e 1,2 L Mg-1 de material colhido. Os resultados mostram que independente do sistema de corte, cada Mg de cana colhida necessita em média de 37,3 kJ de energia para ser retirado do campo. canadeaçúcar açúcar aprimoramentos disso campo basal lâminas (lâminas (serras canadeaçúcar. açúcar. tratamento repetições 39 9 3, 89 8 8,9 colhido ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 estabilizouse estabilizou se 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- 373 37 37, 8, ha-

ABSTRACT The mechanized cutting of sugarcane requires improvements, as cutting tools can affect the longevity of sugarcane fields and increase production costs. Furthermore, these tools can increase the energy demand of machines in the field. This study evaluated the sugarcane harvester performance equipped with different basal cutting devices: impact cutting (blades) and continuous cutting (saws) in three commercial sugarcane production areas. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme with six repetitions. Effective fuel consumption and harvesting capacity were evaluated. The saws increased fuel consumption per area by 3.9 and 8.9% per Mg harvested. The crop’s yield characteristics determine harvesting systems’ energy demand. For yields above 90 Mg ha-1, energy demand has stabilized up to 120 Mg ha-1. The fuel demand for harvesting ranged between 1.0 and 1.2 L Mg-1 of harvested material. Regardless of the cutting system, each Mg requires 37.3 kJ of energy to be removed from the field. improvements costs Furthermore field devices blades (blades (saws areas repetitions 39 9 3. 89 8 8.9 crops crop s systems ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- material system 373 37 37. 8. ha-

RESUMO: O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia do uso de máscaras descartáveis na mitigação da propagação de Staphylococcus aureus durante o processo de corte de frango em um grande abatedouro de aves. Foi realizada a identificação de portadores de S. aureus e influência do tempo de uso de máscaras descartáveis. A contaminação em utensílios e equipamentos por S. aureus e produtos por aeróbios mesófilos foi determinada, com e sem uso de máscaras. A eficiência de diferentes máscaras comerciais foi avaliada contra S. aureus em condições simuladas. Os resultados revelaram que 36% dos trabalhadores das linhas de processamento no frigorífico eram portadores de S. aureus. Foi observado aumento na contagem de S. aureus em máscaras usadas pelos funcionários até 3 horas. A transferência de carga microbiana para utensílios foi potencializada na ausência da máscara e com o passar do tempo. Os filés de peito avaliados não apresentaram diferença na contagem de bactérias mesófilas com e sem o uso de máscaras pelos funcionários, por outro lado, os cortes de coxa e sobrecoxa, filé de coxa e sobrecoxa e asas apresentaram diferença significativa com contagens médias inferiores a 2,96 Log de UFC/g. Testes de condições simuladas demonstraram a eficácia das máscaras comerciais na retenção de microrganismos. A máscara teste utilizada pelo frigorífico mostrou-se ineficiente, permitindo a passagem de pulverizações contendo S. aureus, a 6, 15 e 25 cm, com 2,53, 1,74 e 0,66 Log UFC/placa, respectivamente. Essa máscara saturava, criando um efeito barreira que aumentava a contaminação na área de trabalho dos funcionários. RESUMO aves S determinada 36 horas lado 296 2 96 2,9 UFCg UFC g UFC/g microrganismos mostrouse mostrou se ineficiente 6 1 cm 253 53 2,53 174 74 1,7 066 0 66 0,6 UFCplaca placa UFC/placa respectivamente saturava 29 9 2, 5 2,5 17 7 1, 06 0,

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of using disposable masks in mitigating the spread of Staphylococcus aureus during the chicken cutting process in a large poultry abattoir. The identification of carriers of S. aureus and the influence of the time of use of disposable masks was carried out. Contamination of utensils and equipment by S. aureus and products by mesophilic aerobes was determined, with and without the use of masks. The efficiency of different commercial masks was evaluated against S. aureus under simulated conditions. The results revealed that 36% of workers on processing lines at the abattoirs carried S. aureus. An increase in S. aureus counts was observed in masks worn by employees for up to 3 h. The transfer of microbial load to utensils was enhanced in the absence of the mask and over time. The breast fillets evaluated showed no difference in the count of mesophilic bacteria with and without the use of masks by employees, conversely, the cuts of thigh and drumstick, thigh fillet and drumstick and wings showed a significant difference with average counts lower than 2 .96 Log CFU/g. Tests under simulated conditions demonstrated the effectiveness of commercial masks in retaining microorganisms. The test mask used by the abattoirs proved to be inefficient, allowing the passage of sprays containing S. aureus, at 6, 15 and 25 cm, with 2.53, 1.74 and 0.66 Log CFU/plate, respectively. This mask saturated, creating a barrier effect that increased contamination in the employees’ work area. ABSTRACT abattoir S out determined 36 h conversely 96 .9 CFUg CFU g CFU/g microorganisms inefficient 6 1 cm 253 53 2.53 174 74 1.7 066 0 66 0.6 CFUplate plate CFU/plate respectively saturated area 9 . 5 2.5 17 7 1. 06 0. 2.

The focus of this manuscript is to present the extension project “(Re)thinking the (in)differences: the deconstructions and resistance to transversal themes in the teaching of Natural Sciences”, as well as analyzing its potential when working with continued training work by teachers, promoting debate, discussion, and reflection on the use of contemporary cross-cutting themes in chemistry and science classes. It was also intended to stimulate class planning, the production of strategies and teaching material by educators motivated by the need to reform thinking and regenerate teaching, considering social themes that seek the empowerment of groups placed on the margins of the education system, so that they undertake training that is a collective achievement and built with social discussions. Rethinking Re indifferences differences (in)differences Sciences, Sciences , Sciences” teachers debate discussion crosscutting cross cutting classes planning system discussions

ABSTRACT: With the development of technology, many workers have faced the automation of their roles. Just like the industrial era, the virtual era is becoming a conflict in various labor fields. In the world of film and content creation, artificial intelligence has taken center stage, simplifying several tasks in the production and post-production of content. In the art of post-production or editing, many tools facilitate different tasks that previously took hours, days, or even months to complete, such as colorization, cutting, animation, among others. This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence through various software that can be employed in audiovisual post-production, leveraging the digital age as an ally in the creation of the seventh art.

RESUMEN: Con el desarrollo de las tecnologías, muchos trabajadores se han visto enfrentados a la automatización de sus cargos. Al igual que la era industrial, la era virtual se está convirtiendo en un conflicto en diferentes campos laborales. En el mundo tanto del cine y de la creación de contenido, la inteligencia artificial ha tomado protagonismo, simplificando varias tareas en la producción y postproducción de contenido. En el arte de la postproducción o edición, existen muchas herramientas que facilitan diferentes trabajos que antes tomaban horas, días, e incluso meses en realizarse, tales como la colorización, los recortes, la animación, entre otras cosas. En este trabajo se indaga en el uso de la inteligencia artificial por medio de distintos softwares que se pueden emplear en la postproducción audiovisual, aprovechando la era digital como una aliada en la realización del séptimo arte.

Resumen: Este estudio examina cómo se aprovechó la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Qatar 2022 como herramienta educativa en las escuelas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando una metodología exploratoria mixta, se analizó primero la integración del sitio web Golazo. El mundial en la escuela en el currículo escolar, a través de una revisión documental de las actividades publicadas en la plataforma por 97 escuelas primarias. Estas actividades reflejan una transversalidad de materias, con el evento mundialista incorporado en el aprendizaje de ciencias naturales, sociales, matemáticas, entre otras. En la segunda fase del estudio, se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas con veinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar sus percepciones sobre el impacto del Mundial en la dinámica educativa. Los hallazgos revelan que el Mundial no solo generó un aumento significativo en el interés de los estudiantes, sino que también facilitó un enfoque pedagógico más integrador y motivador. Este enfoque permitió a los docentes utilizar el evento como un pivote para la enseñanza de diversas competencias y valores, lo que destaca la efectividad del fútbol como herramienta educativa transversal.

Abstract: This study examines how the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup was utilized as an educational tool in schools across the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Using a mixed exploratory methodology, the research first analyzed the integration of the website Golazo. El mundial en la escuela into the school curriculum through a documentary review of activities published on the platform by 97 primary schools. These activities reflect a cross-disciplinary approach, with the World Cup incorporated into the teaching of natural sciences, social studies, mathematics, and other subjects. In the second phase of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty teachers from Bahía Blanca to gather their perceptions of the World Cup's impact on educational dynamics. The findings reveal that the World Cup not only significantly increased student engagement but also facilitated a more integrative and motivating pedagogical approach. This approach allowed teachers to use the event as a pivot for teaching various skills and values, highlighting the effectiveness of soccer as a cross-cutting educational tool.

Resumo: Este estudo examina como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol Catar 2022 foi utilizada como ferramenta educativa nas escolas da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando uma metodologia exploratória mista, analisou-se primeiro a integração do siteGolazo.El mundial en la escuelano currículo escolar, por meio de uma revisão documental das atividades publicadas na plataforma por 97 escolas primárias. Essas atividades refletem uma transversalidade de matérias, com o evento mundialista incorporado no aprendizado de ciências naturais, sociais, matemática, entre outras. Na segunda fase do estudo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar suas percepções sobre o impacto da Copa do Mundo na dinâmica educativa. Os resultados revelam que a Copa do Mundo não apenas gerou um aumento significativo no interesse dos alunos, mas também facilitou uma abordagem pedagógica mais integradora e motivadora. Essa abordagem permitiu que os docentes utilizassem o evento como um pivô para o ensino de diversas competências e valores, destacando a eficácia do futebol como ferramenta educativa transversal.

Abstract Perinatal palliative care emerged as an essential measure to comprehensively address the treatment of neonatal patients with prenatal or perinatal diagnoses of severe life-threatening illnesses. This care is aimed at newborns suffering from conditions that prevent them from surviving beyond a few minutes or hours, or in cases where they are born lifeless. The focus is not only on the neonatal patient, but also on supporting the mother and close relatives. The primary goal is to preserve the dignity of newborns and to provide them with the greatest possible comfort during their transition to the end of life.

Resumen Los cuidados paliativos perinatales surgieron como una medida esencial para abordar integralmente el tratamiento de pacientes neonatales con diagnósticos prenatales o perinatales de enfermedades graves que puedan poner en riesgo su vida. Estos cuidados están dirigidos a recién nacidos que padecen condiciones que les impiden sobrevivir más allá de unos pocos minutos u horas, o en casos en los que naces sin vida. Los mismos, no se centran solo en el paciente neonatal, sino también en apoyar a la madre y a los familiares cercanos. El objetivo primordial es preservar la dignidad de los recién nacidos y proporcionarles el mayor confort posible durante su transición hacia el final de la vida.

Abstract Research competence is a crucial cross-cutting skill in the baccalaureate stage (post-compulsory secondary education), which is specifically developed and assessed in subjects such as “Research Project,” taught in Catalonia and other Spanish autonomous communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of both baccalaureate students and teaching staff regarding the development of cross-cutting and specific research competencies through Research Project. To achieve this a research approach was carried out, which included the application of an ad-hoc questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The research sample comprised 1496 baccalaureate students from Catalonia and 15 teaching staff members who were tutors for Research Project. Among the most relevant findings, the alignment in the perception of both groups stands out. Both students and teachers primarily identify the development of competencies related to information search, critical thinking, and self-learning. However, students show a greater disagreement regarding the development of skills such as creativity, leadership, and decision-making. These results suggest that Research Project represents a valuable opportunity to foster the development of research competence. However, it is emphasized the importance of promoting this competence in a cross-cutting manner, both in the work carried out in the various curricular areas of baccalaureate and in prior education throughout secondary education.

Resumen La competencia investigadora es una habilidad transversal crucial en la etapa de bachillerato (enseñanza secundaria postobligatoria) que se desarrolla y evalúa específicamente en asignaturas como el “Trabajo de Investigación”, impartido en Cataluña y otras comunidades autónomas españolas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la percepción tanto del estudiantado de bachillerato como del profesorado tutor sobre el desarrollo de competencias transversales y específicas de investigación a través del Trabajo de Investigación. Se llevó a cabo una investigación que incluyó la aplicación de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc y entrevistas en profundidad. La muestra de la investigación abarcó a 1496 estudiantes de bachillerato y a 15 docentes tutores/as. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes, destaca la coincidencia en la percepción de ambos grupos. Tanto estudiantado como profesorado identifican principalmente el desarrollo de competencias relacionadas con la búsqueda de información, el pensamiento crítico y el autoaprendizaje. Sin embargo, los estudiantes muestran un mayor desacuerdo en cuanto al desarrollo de habilidades como la capacidad creativa, el liderazgo y la capacidad de elección. Estos resultados sugieren que el Trabajo de Investigación representa una oportunidad valiosa para fomentar el desarrollo de la competencia investigadora. No obstante, se subraya la importancia de promover esta competencia de manera transversal, tanto en el trabajo realizado en las diversas áreas curriculares del bachillerato como en la enseñanza previa durante toda la educación secundaria.

Abstract with the objective of determining the productive components, chemical characterization, digestibility and energy contribution of the Brachiaria hybrid vc Mulato I at different ages of cuts in both periods of the year. For which a randomized block design with four repetitions was used. It was sampled in plots of 25 m2, to which a uniformity cut was applied 10 cm from the ground, without irrigation or fertilization. The yield of total dry matter, leaves and stems was determined; the length and width of the leaves; the leaf-stem ratio, chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, CC, Si, P, Ca, ash and OM), energy contributions and digestibility. A double classification analysis of variance was applied to each variable studied and the means were compared according to Duncan. Crude protein decreased with age for both periods, showing significant differences between all ages. The best values were shown at 30 days of cutt (9.47 and 10.40 % in the rainy and dry periods respectively), the fiber increased with age with its best values at 75 days with (71.39 and 70.11 % in the rainy periods and little rain), aspects that conditioned the quality with a decrease in digestibility and energy intake. The yield of the plant was affected by the periods of the year, being higher in the rainy period. It is concluded that the increase in regrowth age directly influences the depression of nutritional quality and yield in both periods of the year.

Resumen Con el objetivo de determinar los componentes productivos, caracterización química, digestibilidad y aporte energético del Brachiaria híbrido vc Mulato I a diferentes edades de corte en ambas épocas del año. Para lo cual se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se muestreó en parcelas de 25 m2, a las cuales se les aplicó un corte de uniformidad a 10 cm del suelo, sin riego ni fertilización. Se determinó el rendimiento de materia seca total, hojas y tallos; el largo y ancho de las hojas; la relación hoja-tallo, composición química (PB, FDN, FDA, LAD, CC, Si, P, Ca, cenizas y MO), aportes energéticos y digestibilidad. Se aplicó un análisis de varianza de clasificación doble a cada variable estudiada y se compararon las medias según Duncan. La proteína cruda disminuyó con la edad para ambos períodos, mostrando diferencias significativas entre todas las edades. Los mejores valores se presentaron a los 30 días de corte (9,47 y 10,40 % en los períodos lluvioso y poco lluvioso respectivamente), la fibra se incrementó con la edad con sus mejores valores a los 75 días con (71,39 y 70,11 % en los períodos lluvioso y poco lluvioso), aspectos que condicionaron la calidad con una disminución en la digestibilidad y el aporte energético. El rendimiento de la planta se vio afectado por los períodos del año, siendo mayor en el período lluvioso. Se concluye que el aumento de la edad de rebrote influye directamente en la disminución de la calidad nutricional en ambos períodos del año.

South Africa has two main platinum reef deposits, namely the Merensky reef and the UG2 reef. These reefs are currently mined using traditional drilling and blasting methods. Mechanized cutting could potentially enable continuous mining, which would offer significant advantages. This would require thorough understanding of the cutability of the rock. To explore this, a linear cutting machine was developed to conduct laboratory scale cutting tests. This work describes the development and commissioning of the cutting machine using sandstone, as well as subsequent characterization tests on UG2 reef samples. UG2 reef has large variability in strength on a millimeter scale. This introduces uncertainty in the test results due to added variance from one cut to the next for the same UG2 reef sample. Another problem is the variability in rock properties of the UG2 reef, when testing samples from different mines. The cutting tests led to fine fragmentation, which is known to be a significant problem for cleaning operations in underground stopes and warrants further research. A finite element method simulation of the rock cutting was conducted using ANSYS LS-DYNA and the continuous surface cap model to simulate rock cutting in the UG2 reef. It was found that it is possible to use LS-DYNA with the continuous surface cap model to model rock cutting of UG2 reef and get acceptable results, but the user must calibrate the model parameters using the experimental results. Therefore, the model is only fit for one set of cutting parameters and further work is required to generalize results.

Practical mining aspects should be considered when conducting pillar designs for bord-and-pillar layouts. The current methodology for pillar design will result in increasing pillar sizes with depth. This affects the extraction ratio and will result in onerous ventilation requirements when cutting large pillars. A holistic approach, including all mining engineering requirements, is required to ensure that the rock engineering designs are optimized to ensure efficient mining operations and sustainable production. Bord widths should not only be a function of the rock mass ratings, but should also be selected to fit the specifications of the mechanized equipment. The use of a 'squat pillar' formula for hard rock is discussed in the paper and the formula based on the exponents of the Hedley and Grant pillar formula, is explored. The effect of abutments and geological losses on average pillar stress is also explored. These factors must be considered when designing layouts at increasing depths.

For a long period of time, what is termed scientific knowledge and discoveries have constantly ignored the existence of indigenous practices and knowledge. Until recently, indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) were not acknowledged when it comes to responding to the ailing world. IKS includes information created inside inborn social orders, autonomous of, and earlier to, the appearance of the cutting-edge logical information framework. It can relate to issues such as conserving nature, food production, forestry development and medicine, to mention a few. The purpose of the article is to discuss the importance of the integration of IKS and culture into climate change adaptation. This article makes the case that scientific interventions among the impoverished in rural developing nations are viewed as foreign and are thus not accepted by the local populace. Consequently, the scientific approach by development experts, and the complex nature of climate change and its understanding, has had no impact on people's adaptation in rural areas, where most of the people still rely on IKS to survive. This theoretical article focuses on the implications of IKS for climate change adaptation. The question the article intends to answer is, with the advent of climate change in recent years, how are rural communities coping with its impact? How is the scientific understanding of climate change with its complexities filtering down to the indigenous communities' coping and adaptation activities? The article's conclusion demystifies the notion that the impact of climate change might be mitigated, and repair achieved solely by scientifically developed measures against it. The article intends to contribute towards building knowledge that acknowledges the importance of different sources of interventions towards addressing climate change. It is important for the current and future professoriate to look beyond the conventional understanding of dealing with challenges such as climate change that the world is facing.

Abstract Sustainable watershed management stands at the forefront of global efforts to tackle pressing environmental and socio-economic challenges. This study offers a pioneering assessment of the state of research on Peru's watersheds, integrating geographical, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions. By harnessing cutting-edge bibliometric tools, including Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, and adhering to PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review, this work maps the scientific landscape of watershed management in Peru. Utilizing comprehensive databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, the study identifies and analyses key thematic clusters, revealing an escalating focus on the urgent issues of climate change and urbanization, particularly within the critical Rimac River Basin. This basin, vital to the water supply of Lima, the world's second-largest desert city, faces severe threats from pollution and climate instability. Our findings not only chart the evolution of research in this domain but also spotlight emerging opportunities to modernize water management practices through the integration of climate change models, advanced data monitoring, and artificial intelligence. The study makes a compelling case for a collaborative approach, urging stronger alliances among local communities, research institutions, and international stakeholders to foster more resilient and sustainable watershed management strategies in Peru. This paper provides actionable insights, making it an indispensable resource for policymakers and practitioners aiming to secure Peru's water future.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto del tipo y la intensidad de utilización de pasto buffel cultivado en condiciones naturales de lluvia o riego en la producción y valor nutritivo de la materia seca. Dieciséis parcelas (cada una de 64 m2) fueron pastoreadas por ganado Charolais para obtener una intensidad de utilización del 50 % (G50%) o de 75 % (G75%). Ocho parcelas (40 m2 cada una) se recortaron a mano hasta 50 % (H50%). La cosecha anual de forraje fue mayor (P<0.05) para G50 que para H50 (1,491 vs 954 kg de MS/ha). No se encontraron diferencias (P>0.05) en la producción de materia seca por hectárea entre G50 y G75 (1,707 vs 954 kg de MS/ha). El riego aumentó un 22 % (P<0.05) la producción de materia seca comparado con secano (1,524 vs 1,245 kg de MS/ha). No se encontraron diferencias (P>0.05) debido al tipo y la intensidad de utilización en el contenido de PC, NDF y ADF, sin embargo, la ADF aumentó (P<0.05) en las parcelas irrigadas. De la misma manera la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS fue mayor (P<0.05) en H50 que en las parcelas de pastoreo G50 y G75 (55.7, 53.0 y 52.7%). Se concluye que la producción de zacate buffel se incrementó con el pastoreo, pero la DIVMS fue mejor en el forraje recortado manualmente.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of the type and intensity of utilization of buffelgrass grown under natural rainfall or irrigation conditions on the production and nutritional value of the dry matter. Sixteen plots (64 m2 each) were grazed by Charolais cattle to obtain a utilization intensity of 50 % (GR 50) or 75 % (GR 75). Eight plots (40 m2 each) were hand-cut up to 50 % (CU 50). The annual forage harvest was higher (P≤0.05) for GR 50 than for CU 50 (1,491 vs 954 kg DM/ha). No differences (P≥0.05) were found in dry matter production per hectare between GR 50 and GR 75 (1,707 vs 1,491 kg DM/ha). Irrigation increased dry matter production by 22 % (P≤0.05) compared to rainfed conditions (1,524 vs 1,245 kg DM/ha). There were no differences (P>0.05) due to the type and intensity of utilization in the content of CP, NDF, and ADF; however, ADF increased (P≤0.05) in irrigated plots. In the same way, the in vitro digestibility of DM was higher (P≤0.05) in CU 50 than in grazing plots GR 50 and G75 (55.7, 53.0, and 52.7 %). Finally, it can be conclude that buffelgrass production increased with grazing, but the IVDDM was better in hand-cut forage.

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional y el aumento de enfermedades crónicas han incrementado la prevalencia de discapacidad en adultos mayores. Evaluar la capacidad funcional en actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) es esencial para mantener la independencia y calidad de vida. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores en ABVD en el ámbito familiar de Asunción en el año 2023. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en noviembre del 2023, con 91 adultos mayores (≥65 años) de Asunción, en hogares familiares. Se aplicaron encuestas mediante Google Formulario y se utilizó el Índice de Barthel para medir la capacidad funcional. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, con un nivel de significancia de p≤0,05. Se respetaron los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Resultados: Participaron 91 adultos mayores, con una edad promedio de 79 años±8,2. El 62,6% fueron mujeres y 41,8% del grupo de edad de 75 a 84 años. Según el Índice de Barthel, el 59,3% necesita ayuda para cortar alimentos y el 34,1% depende de otra persona para la higiene personal. El 28,6% tiene incontinencia en deposiciones y el 30,8% en micción. La puntuación promedio del Índice de Barthel fue 68,5±33,9, indicando dependencia leve en el 61,5% de los participantes. El 77% de los adultos mayores reciben cuidados de un familiar. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de los adultos mayores mostró algún grado de dependencia, especialmente en actividades de alimentación e higiene. La edad avanzada y el sexo femenino se asociaron con mayores niveles de dependencia. La mayoría de los adultos mayores dependieron de familiares para su cuidado, destacando la necesidad de fortalecer las redes de apoyo y capacitar a los cuidadores informales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Population aging and the increase in chronic diseases have raised the prevalence of disability in older adults. Evaluating functional capacity in basic activities of daily living (BADL) is essential to maintaining independence and quality of life. This study focused on evaluating the functional capacity of older adults in BADL within the family setting of Asunción in 2023. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2023, with 91 older adults (≥65 years) from Asunción, in family homes. Surveys were administered via Google Forms, and the Barthel Index was used to measure functional capacity. The sampling was non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, with a significance level of p≤0.05. Ethical aspects of the research were respected. Results: Ninety-one older adults participated, with an average age of 79 years±8.2. Of these, 62.6% were women and 41.8% were in the age group of 75 to 84 years. According to the Barthel Index, 59.3% needed help cutting food, and 34.1% depended on another person for personal hygiene. Additionally, 28.6% had bowel incontinence, and 30.8% had urinary incontinence. The average Barthel Index score was 68.5±3.9, indicating mild dependence in 61.5% of participants. Furthermore, 77% of older adults received care from a family member. Conclusion: A high percentage of older adults showed some degree of dependence, especially in activities related to feeding and hygiene. Advanced age and female sex were associated with higher levels of dependence. Most older adults relied on family members for care, highlighting the need to strengthen support networks and train informal caregivers.