The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid system component, emerged as a potentially new therapeutic target for a range of clinical disorders such as acute and chronic pain. Some α-ketoheterocycle derivatives demonstrated interesting analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Ligand-Based Drug Design techniques such as knowledge graph convolutional networks (kGCN) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) using α-ketoheterocycle derivatives from five different datasets were generated to discover the relation between the chemical structures and the inhibition activity. Meanwhile, structure-based drug design simulations as interaction fields (MIF), molecular docking, and ligand sites studies (LSI) from FAAH were performed using Autogrid software and FTmap/FTsite servers. The results of both studies were merged to propose predictive models. The resulting kGCN model demonstrated adequate accuracy area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC 0.7922). From contribution maps of the Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) models and the generated probes using MIF and LSI, it was observed that the oxazole ring, the ketone group, and the apolar chain present in the structures of the inhibitors are important, besides the evidence of the Cys269 and Val270 residues importance for the potential interaction, confirmed by carried docking studies. These fragments and structural information can be used to carry out new FAAH potential inhibitors studies and report kGCN as an accurate classification technique. FAAH, , (FAAH) component pain αketoheterocycle α ketoheterocycle antiinflammatory anti inflammatory vitro LigandBased Ligand Based (kGCN structureactivity structure activity HQSAR (HQSAR Meanwhile structurebased based MIF, (MIF) LSI (LSI FTmapFTsite FTmap FTsite servers AUCROC AUC ROC 0.7922. 07922 0.7922 . 0 7922 0.7922) LBDD (LBDD ring group important Cys Cys26 Val Val27 technique (FAAH (MIF 0792 0.792 792 Cys2 Val2 079 0.79 79 07 0.7 7 0.

Abstract Objective Children with spina bifida (SB) are at risk for stunting and overweight. However, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score distribution in children and adolescents with SB are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine height and BMI z-score distribution in Brazilian children and adolescents with and without SB. This study further aimed to examine whether height and BMI z-scores differ between individuals with and without SB. Method This study included 101 participants (SB: n= 18; non-SB: n= 83, aged 7-16 years). The World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to calculate height and BMI z-scores. AnthroPlus z-score distribution graphs were used to examine individual z-scores based on the 2007 WHO normal distribution curve. Effects of the group (SB vs non-SB) on height and BMI z-scores were examined with sequential regression. Results In the WHO distribution graph analysis, height z-scores of participants with SB were slightly left-shifted compared to the WHO normal distribution curve. In the regression analysis, group (SB vs non-SB) was a significant predictor of height z-scores after controlling for sex and age (ΔR2= 0.064, p= 0.010). BMI z-scores of participants with SB were right-shifted compared to the WHO normal curve. However, there was no contribution of the group to BMI z-scores (ΔR2= 0.011, p= 0.301). Conclusions These findings suggest that Brazilian children and adolescents with SB may be at risk for reduced height and increased BMI. overweight However (BMI zscore z score unclear zscores scores 10 n 18 nonSB non non-SB 83 716 7 16 7-1 years. years . years) (WHO zscores. scores. 200 curve analysis leftshifted left shifted ΔR2= ΔR2 ΔR (ΔR2 0064 0 064 0.064 p 0.010. 0010 0.010 010 0.010) rightshifted right 0011 011 0.011 0.301. 0301 0.301 301 0.301) 1 8 71 7- 20 (ΔR 006 06 0.06 001 0.01 01 030 0.30 30 2 00 0.0 03 0.3 3 0.

Abstract Objective: Dysmenorrhea is the pain related to menstruation; to screen for the symptoms, a working ability, location, intensity of days of pain, and dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) score was created. The purpose of this work was to culturally adapt and assess the measurement properties of the WaLIDD score for dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional online study, we evaluated women with and without dysmenorrhea. Criterion validity and construct validity were assessed, respectively, by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and correlations with the bodily pain and social functioning domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), self-report of absenteeism and Stanford Presenteeism Scale for presenteeism. Test-retest reliability and measurement errors were assessed, respectively, by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman Graph. Results: 430 women completed the test, 238 (55.4%) women had dysmenorrhea, and 199 (46.3%) answered the questionnaire twice for the retest. The cutoff points ≥4, ≥5, and ≥5 could discriminate between women with and without dysmenorrhea, absenteeism, and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea, respectively. Correlations between SF-36 – pain and social functioning domains and WaLIDD score were weak to strong and negative. For WaLIDD total Score, ICC was 0.95 and the limits of agreement were −1.54 and 1.62. Conclusion: WaLIDD score is a short, valid and reliable instrument to screen and predict dysmenorrhea and could predict absenteeism and presenteeism related to dysmenorrhea in Brazilian women. Objective menstruation symptoms ability location (WaLIDD created Methods crosssectional cross sectional assessed respectively ROC (ROC 36item item 36 shortform short form SF36, SF36 SF , (SF-36) selfreport self report Testretest Test retest (ICC Graph Results 43 test 23 55.4% 554 55 4 (55.4% 19 46.3% 463 46 3 (46.3% ≥4 5 ≥ SF-3 negative Score 095 0 95 0.9 154 1 54 −1.5 162 62 1.62 Conclusion SF3 (SF-36 2 55.4 (55.4 46.3 (46.3 SF- 09 9 0. 15 −1. 16 6 1.6 (SF-3 55. (55. 46. (46. −1 1. (SF- (55 (46 − (SF (5 (4 (

Resumo Introdução: Análise vetorial de impedância bioelétrica (BIVA) é uma estratégia não invasiva e de baixo custo. Os métodos usados para avaliar desnutrição em pacientes em HD ainda são um desafio. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar BIVA com Avaliação Subjetiva Global de 7 pontos (ASG de 7 pontos) para identificar desnutrição. Também investigamos sensibilidade e especificidade do ponto de corte proposto anteriormente para parâmetros de BIVA. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes de ambos os sexos, acima de 20 anos, em HD. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos, dados laboratoriais e análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA). Valores de resistência (R) e reatância (Xc) obtidos por BIA de mono-frequência foram normalizados para altura corporal (H) gerando um gráfico do vetor de bioimpedância com a ajuda do software BIVA. Foi realizada uma análise da área sob a curva ROC (AUC). Resultados: Entre 104 pacientes incluídos, a idade média foi 51,70 (±15,10) anos, e 52% eram homens. BIVA demonstrou sensibilidade de 35% para diagnosticar desnutrição. A especificidade da BIVA para identificar pacientes bem nutridos foi 85,7%. A precisão diagnóstica entre BIVA e ASG de 7 pontos foi AUC=0,604; IC95%: 0,490-0,726, superior aos valores de corte estabelecidos anteriormente (AUC=0,514; IC95%: 0,369-0,631). Elipses de confiança de 95% não se sobrepuseram (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou baixa precisão da BIVA para diagnóstico de desnutrição usando ASG-7 pontos como padrão de referência. Entretanto, é um método complementar para avaliar estado nutricional, pois fornece dados sobre celularidade e hidratação, aspectos importantes para a população em HD.

Abstract Introduction: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a non-invasive and low-cost strategy. The methods used to assess malnutrition in patients undergoing HD are still a challenge. The aim of the present study was to compare BIVA to 7-Point Subjective Global Assessment (7-point SGA) to identify malnutrition. We also investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the previously proposed cutoffs point for BIVA parameters. Methods: Patients of both sexes, over 20 years of age, on HD treatment were included. Anthropometric parameters, laboratory data, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were evaluated. Values of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) obtained by mono-frequency BIA were normalized to body height (H) to generate a graph of the bioimpedance vector with the BIVA software. The analysis of the area under the receiver operating curve ROC (AUC) was performed. Results: Among the included 104 patients, the mean age was 51.70 (±15.10) years, and 52% were male. The BIVA had a sensitivity of 35% for diagnosing malnutrition. The specificity of BIVA for identifying the well-nourished patients was 85.7%. The diagnostic accuracy between the BIVA and 7-point SGA was AUC=0.604; 95%CI 0.490-0.726, higher than the previously established cutoff values (AUC=0.514; 95%CI: 0.369-0.631). The 95% confidence ellipses did not overlap (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed low accuracy of BIVA for diagnosing malnutrition using a 7-point SGA as a reference standard. However, it is a complementary method for assessing nutritional status as it provides data on cellularity and hydration, which are important aspects for the HD population.

Resumen Introducción: El uso excesivo de teléfonos inteligentes conlleva manifestaciones musculoesqueléticas como el síndrome del túnel carpiano (STC) o la artritis de las articulaciones de las manos, con un aumento del área transversal del nervio mediano (CSA). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es detectar oportunamente trastornos musculoesqueléticos de la mano utilizando una ecografía, así como detectar el atrapamiento nervioso mediante estudios clínicos de evaluación, ultrasonográficos y electrofisiológicos en nuestros empleados universitarios menores de 35 años que utilizan teléfonos inteligentes, con evaluación del Cuestionario de Resultados de Mano de Michigan (MHQ). Materiales y métodos: El estudio controlado transversal incluyó a 74 usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes que fueron clasificados en 2 grupos, según la escala de adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes (SAS), en usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes altos y bajos, con 35 no usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes con edad y sexo iguales, como grupo de control. El MHQ se utilizó para evaluar de la función de la mano con una puntuación total de 0 a 100. Se realizaron estudios electrodiagnósticos de la mediana de los nervios y cubitales para detectar el atrapamiento nervioso temprano. La ecografía bilateral se realizó para evaluar la CSA del nervio mediano y la afectación del pulgar y de las articulaciones pequen˜ as de las manos. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados por la versión 20 del programa SPSS. Resultados: Las CSA de los nervios medianos fueron significativamente más altas en la mano dominante de los usuarios altos que en los no usuarios bajos de teléfonos inteligentes (p < 0,001). Hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre la CSA y SAS (r −0,45), la escala analógica visual (VAS) (r −0,61) y la duración del uso del teléfono inteligente (r −0,80) con la correlación negativa con MHQ (r −0,63). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los estudios electrofisiológicos de los nervios medios y cubitales. La puntuación ultrasonográfica media para ambas manos fue más alta en altos en comparación con los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes bajos (15,08 × 4,17 frente a 6,46 × 1,38, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y el área transversal del nervio mediano asociada con el aumento de las CSA entre los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes altos en comparación con los usuarios bajos y no inteligentes. Se debe tener precaución al usar teléfonos inteligentes para minimizar el riesgo de desarrollo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos de las manos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Joint moments are explained by the forces that occur during gait and generate a movement in the joint. The maximum peak adduction moment (MPM) of the knee has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In Colombia, however, there are no references to these values for clinical use in an asymptomatic population. Objective: To describe the characteristics of joint moments in the coronal plane of the knee of asymptomatic elderly whilst walking. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study that included 50 participants of both genders and older than 60 years old. They were residents of the metropolitan area del Valle de Aburrá that had volunteered and were capable of following indications without any external aids while walking, and with no pain. Gait analysis was performed when walking at a normal speed on a 6 m pathway on two force plates, and was registered by a system of 8 opto-electric 3D recording cameras. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Results: A mean BMI of 26.34 kg/m2 was found, and the mean of the MPM was 0.26 Nm/kg, generating a graph with two peaks, with the first being of greater magnitude that occurred in 17% of the gait cycle. Conclusions: The MPM of 0.26Nm/kg found in this population is lower than that reported in the osteoarthritis population. A reference curve for gait analysis has been established in these asymptomatic elderly. It is essential that these values are available, in order to help the professional to make precise and quantitative diagnoses in gait alterations.

Abstract Ground state and 1st excited state energies and wave functions were calculated for systems of one or two electrons in a 2D and 3D potential well having a shape intermediate between a circle and a square or a sphere and a cube. One way to define such a potential well is with a step potential and a bounding surface of form |x| q +|y| q +|z| q = |r| q , which converts from a sphere to a cube when q increases from 2 to infinity. This kind of geometrical object is called a Lame surface. The calculations were done either with implicit finite difference time stepping in´ the direction of negative imaginary time axis or with quantum diffusion Monte Carlo. The results demonstrate how the volume and depth of the potential well affect the E 0 more than the shape parameter q does. Functions of two and three parameters were found to be sufficient for fitting an empirical graph to the ground state energy data points as a function of well depth V 0 or exponent q. The ground state and first excited state energy of one particle in a potential well of this type appeared to be very closely approximated with an exponential function depending on q, when the well depth and area or volume was kept constant while changing the value of q. The model is potentially useful for describing quantum dots that deviate from simple geometric shapes, or for demonstrating methods of computational quantum mechanics to undergraduate students.

RESUMO A sequência de eventos de seca no Nordeste do Brasil ocorridos nas décadas recentes chama a atenção para a importância de se estudar este fenômeno. Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar a duração e a severidade de eventos de seca, para as bacias hidrográficas do Estado de Pernambuco, durante o período de 1988 a 2018, utilizando-se dois índices de seca: o Standardized Soil Moisture Index e o Soil Moisture Condition Index calculados com dados da base European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture. A duração da seca foi determinada contabilizando-se os meses entre o início e o fim e a severidade foi dada pela área formada no gráfico entre a curva do índice e o eixo-x. A base de dados de umidade do solo mostrou-se promissora para utilização na região Nordeste do Brasil, particularmente, para a aplicação na análise e acompanhamento de eventos de seca. Os índices permitiram avaliar o fenômeno da seca no período de 30 anos, evidenciando aumento a partir do ano de 2012, sendo mais acentuado na região semiárida. As bacias hidrográficas respondem de forma distinta para um mesmo evento, a depender da característica climática da região em que está localizada. Anos consecutivos com precipitação abaixo da média histórica amplificam a magnitude da seca, como observado no período entre 2012 e 2017, em que os índices apresentam dificuldade para retornar a valores mais favoráveis, mostrando a influência que um ano seco exerce sobre o ano seguinte.

ABSTRACT The sequence of drought events in the Northeast of Brazil in recent decades raises attention to the importance of studying this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration and severity of drought events from 1988 to 2018 in hydrographic basins of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, using two drought indexes: Standardized Soil Moisture Index and Soil Moisture Condition Index, calculated based on data of the Soil Moisture Project of the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative. The duration of the droughts was determined considering the months between their beginning and end, and their severity was based on the area formed in the graph between the curve of the index and the x-axis. The soil moisture database showed to be a promising tool for the analysis and monitoring of drought events in the Northeast region of Brazil, mainly for analysis and monitoring of drought events. The indexes allowed the evaluation of the drought phenomenon over the 30-year period, showing increases from 2012, which were more pronounced in the Semiarid region. The hydrographic basins responded differently to a same event, depending on the climate characteristics of the region in which they are located. Consecutive years with rainfall below the historical mean increased the magnitude of the droughts, as found for the 2012-2017 period, in which the indexes presented delays to return to more favorable values, showing the effect that one drought year has on the following year.

Abstract In chemistry at pre-university level and freshman engineering (non-chemistry discipline) classrooms at universities in India, the splitting of the energy levels of d-orbitals in complexes is an important concept to be learnt, but is not explicitly explained in the standard books used. In the standard books such as 'Concise Inorganic Chemistry' by J .D .Lee and 'Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry' by Marion Clyde Jr. Day and Joel Selbin, they have explained the splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar etc., complexes very well. The same is the case with the latest pre-university NCERT chemistry textbook (Volume I) written for the Indian audience. The reason why the energy levels of certain d-orbitals are above the barycenter and why some are below the barycenter, however, is not explained explicitly in any of the books (including the latest books). This short communication outlines a simple rule of thumb that allows this phenomenon to be explained to students. Further, an important graph in the standard books is plotted, but the trend of the curve is not explained. This simple rule is also helpful in explaining this graph and the chemical phenomenon represented.

Resumen En las aulas de química a nivel preuniversitario y de ingeniería (disciplina no química) de primer año en universidades de la India, la división de los niveles de energía de los orbitales d en complejos es un concepto importante que debe aprenderse, pero no se explica explícitamente en los libros estándar usados. En los libros estándar como 'Química inorgánica concisa' de J .D. Lee y 'Química inorgánica teórica' de Marion Clyde Jr. Day y Joel Selbin, han explicado la división de los orbitales d en octaédricos, tetraédricos, planos cuadrados, etc. ., complejos muy bien. Lo mismo ocurre con el último libro de texto de química preuniversitario NCERT (Volumen I) escrito para la audiencia india. La razón por la que los niveles de energía de ciertos orbitales d están por encima del baricentro y por qué algunos están por debajo del baricentro, sin embargo, no se explica en ninguno de los libros (incluidos los últimos libros). Esta breve comunicación describe una simple regla empírica que permite explicar este fenómeno a los estudiantes. Además, se traza un gráfico importante en los libros estándar, pero no se explica la tendencia de la curva. Esta sencilla regla también es útil para explicar este gráfico y el fenómeno químico representado.

ABSTRACT Background: GRACE score (G) estimates in-hospital mortality risk (IHM) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Given the variability of patients´ characteristics, health systems, socioeconomic environment and changes in treatment; external validation should be performed. The TRIPOD statement was published to standardize validation studies´ methodology. The objective of this study is to asses if G predicts IHM with precision in patients with acute coronary syndrome at Juan A. Fernández Hospital (validation cohort -V-). Methods: Retrospective validation study. Consecutive patients admitted between 2001 and 2016 were included. Discrimination was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and calibration was evaluated using de Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration-in-the-large, calibration slope, validation graph and calibration belt. Subgroup analysis by type of ACS was performed. Results: A total of 2104 patients were analyzed. Myocardial infarction with ST elevation (40.4% and 32%) and IHM (5.56% and 4.6%) was more prevalent than G estimation. Calibration was poor, risks were underestimated between probabilities of 3 and 13%. The calibration slope was adequate, therefore the overall effect and magnitude of predictors on IHM was similar to G. The AUC was 0.86. The model performed with underestimation of risk between probabilities of 5% and 23% in patients with ACS and ST elevation, the discrimination was good. Calibration and discrimination performed well in patients with non ST elevation ACS. Conclusions: Despite the lack of statistical validity of the model in the total population, the variables were predictors of IHM in the validation cohort. Therefore, G score is clinically relevant, but should be recalibrated in our population.

RESUMEN Introducción: El score GRACE (SG) estima el riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria (MIH) al ingreso de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). La validación externa de este puntaje es necesaria, dadas las variaciones en las características de los pacientes y los sistemas de salud, además de las diferencias socioeconómicas y los cambios en el tratamiento. Recientemente se publicó la guía TRIPOD para estandarizar la metodología de estos estudios de validación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si el SG predice adecuadamente la MIH en pacientes con SCA asistidos en el Hospital Dr. Juan A. Fernández (grupo de validación, GV). Material y métodos: Estudio de validación retrospectivo de cohorte, ingreso hospitalario entre 2001 y 2016. Se evaluó la discriminación con el área bajo la curva (ABC) y la calibración con la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L), se obtuvo la calibración general, la pendiente de calibración, el gráfico de validación y el cinturón de calibración. Se analizaron subgrupos según el tipo de SCA documentado: con supradesnivel del ST (SCA-ST) o sin este (SCA-no ST). Resultados: Se analizaron 2104 pacientes. Se observó mayor proporción de infarto con supradesnivel del ST (40,4%) y de MIH (5,56%) en el GV que en la cohorte a partir de la cual se desarrolló el SG (32% y 4,6%, respectivamente). El modelo mostró falta de calibración por subestimación de riesgos entre probabilidades del 3% y 13%. La pendiente de calibración fue adecuada, lo que indica que la magnitud del efecto de los predictores sobre la MIH fue similar a la del modelo. El ABC fue 0,86. En el SCA-ST, se observó subestimación de riesgos en probabilidades entre el 5% y 23%, con adecuada discriminación. En el SCA-no ST, tanto la calibración como la discriminación fueron adecuadas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la falta de validez estadística en la población total, las variables del modelo fueron predictoras de MIH en la población del GV. Se considera que el score G es clínicamente relevante, pero se sugiere su recalibración en nuestra población.

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the methods of weighing Nellore cattle by digital scale (gold standard) and indirect by thoracic measurement are concordant applying the Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), the Bland-Altman Graph and the Survival Curve of the difference of the mean. The data of 46 steers reported in Watanabe et al. (2017) was analyzed applying these alternative methods. A greater average weight was observed in the measurements obtained with the digital scale, while the range obtained with the thoracic tape was greater, with an average difference between weights of 13.8 kg. In addition, the weight obtained with the digital balance has a minimum and median greater than that obtained by the thoracic tape. It was verified with the three methods that the measurements with the digital balance and the thoracic tape are not concordant for the weight data of Nelore steers. The measures present differences that make it impossible for these methods to be interchangeable, therefore, the calculation of the weight of Nelore cattle through the thoracic tape provides measures that can lead to erroneous conclusions.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar si los métodos de pesaje mediante balanza digital (gold standard) e indirecto por medición torácica son concordantes aplicando el Coeficiente de Concordancia Lin (CCC), el Gráfico de Bland-Altman y la Curva de Supervivencia de la diferencia de las medias en bovinos Nelore. Se analizaron los datos de 46 novillos reportados en Watanabe et al. (2017) aplicando métodos alternativos. Se observó un peso medio mayor en las medidas obtenidas con balanza digital, mientras que el rango obtenido con la cinta torácica fue mayor, con una diferencia media entre los pesos de 13.8 kg. Además, el peso obtenido con la balanza digital presenta un mínimo y mediana mayor que el obtenido mediante la cinta torácica. Se comprobó con los tres métodos que las mediciones con la balanza digital y la cinta torácica no son concordantes para los datos del peso de novillos Nelore. Las medidas presentan diferencias que imposibilitan que estos métodos sean intercambiables; por lo tanto, el cálculo del peso de bovinos Nelore mediante la cinta torácica proporciona medidas que pueden llevar a conclusiones erróneas.

Abstract This study deals with the application of the FORTRAN 77 language, for the digitalization of graphical type correlations to functions and with it, to develop the calculation of the immediate variables that allow defining the supply curve (IPR) of biphasic fluids in horizontal wells according to empirical correlations. When applying the Joshi correlation, there is a hydraulic drive production mechanism and an ellipse drainage area, while for the correlations of Cheng, Bendakhlia & Aziz, Economides & Retnanto a rectangular reservoir with permeability values is assumed in the x, y, z directions. The equation presented by Helmy & Wattenbarger determines the productivity index for horizontal wells that produce at constant pressure. The application of the FORTRAN 77 language will generate a flat file with the information of the productivity index, maximum flow rate, flowing bottom pressures and their respective flow rates in order to graph and determine the inflow behavior of the reservoir according to the parameters of each correlation.

Resumen Este estudio trata de la aplicación del lenguaje FORTRAN 77, para la digitalización de las correlaciones de tipo gráfica a funciones y con ello, desarrollar el cálculo de manera inmediata de las variables que permitan definir la curva de oferta (IPR) de fluidos bifásicos en pozos horizontales, de acuerdo a correlaciones empíricas. Al aplicar la correlación de Joshi se tiene un mecanismo de producción de empuje hidráulico y un área de drenaje tipo elipse, mientras que, para las correlaciones de Cheng, Bendakhlia & Aziz, Economides & Retnanto se asume un reservorio en forma rectangular, con valores de permeabilidades en las direcciones x, y, z. La ecuación presentada por Helmy & Wattenbarger determina el índice de productividad para pozos horizontales que producen a presión constante. La aplicación del lenguaje FORTRAN 77, generará un archivo plano con la información del índice de productividad, caudal máximo, presiones de fondo fluyente y sus respectivos caudales para, de esta manera, graficar y determinar el comportamiento de afluencia del yacimiento, de acuerdo a los parámetros de cada correlación.

RESUMO: As afecções ortopédicas com perda de tecido ósseo são um desafio tanto na medicina veterinária quanto na medicina humana. Portanto, não é raro ortopedistas se depararem com fraturas cominutivas irredutíveis de ossos longos, neoplasias ósseas ou não-uniões, que necessitam de procedimentos cirúrgicos reparadores, por meio da substituição de segmento ou preenchimento de falha óssea com o uso de biomateriais. Pretende-se com esta pesquisa avaliar e comparar a resistência mecânica entre biomateriais naturais, sintéticos e mistos. Foram utilizados sete grupos experimentais compostos por seis corpos de provas cada: Grupo 1 , tecido ósseo cortical de coelho (OSSO - controle); Grupo 2, cimento ósseo (CO); Grupo 3, cimento ósseo autoclavado (COA); Grupo 4, cimento ósseo e macrofragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMaFO); Grupo 5, cimento ósseo e macrofragmento ósseo autoclavado de cortical de cão (COMaFOA); Grupo 6, cimento ósseo e microfragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMiFO) e Grupo 7, cimento ósseo e microfragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMiFOA). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão axial controlada em máquina universal de ensaio Emic®. O teste era interrompido quando ocorria queda brusca na curva do gráfico indicando falência da amostra. Em relação à Força máxima, os grupos COA, COMaFOA e COMiFOA não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COMaFO e COMiFO diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Quanto a rigidez relativa, os grupos COMaFOA e COMiFOA não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COA, COMaFO e COMiFO diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Comparando a deformação, os grupos COMaFo, COMaFOA e COMiFO não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COA e COMiFOA diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Conclui-se que apenas os grupos COMaFOA e COMiFOA apresentaram propriedades mecânicas muito semelhantes às do grupo controle (OSSO). Por isso, devido a essas características, esses dois biomateriais (COMaFOA e COMiFOA) seriam os mais indicados como substitutos na reparação de falhas ósseas.

ABSTRACT: The orthopedic diseases with bone loss are the challenge in both veterinary and human medicine. Therefore, the orthopedist commonly deal with irreducible comminuted fractures of long bones, bone tumors or non-unions, which require repairers surgical procedures, through the segment replacement or bone defect filling with biomaterials. The aim of this research is to evaluate and compare the mechanical strength of natural, synthetic and mixed biomaterials. Seven experimental groups of six test samples each were used: Group 1 rabbit cortical bone (BONE - control); Group 2, bone cement (CO); Group 3, bone cement autoclaved (COA); Group 4, bone cement and dog cortical bone macrofragment (COMaFO); Group 5, bone cement and bone autoclaved macrofragment dog cortical (COMaFOA); Group 6, bone cement and dog cortical bone microfragment (COMIFO) and Group 7, bone cement and dog cortical bone microfragment (COMiFOA). The specimens were subjected to axial compression mechanical tests controlled universal testing machine EMIC®. The test was stopped when there was sharp decline in the graph curve indicating failure of the sample. In relation to the maximum force, the COA groups COMaFOA and COMiFOA not statistically different from the control group (BONE; p> 0.01). Already the CO groups, COMaFO and COMIFO difeririram statistically the control group (BONE; p <0.01). The relative rigidity, the COMaFOA and COMiFOA groups did not differ statistically from the control group (BONE; p>0.01). Already the CO groups, COA, COMaFO and COMIFO differed significantly from the control group (BONE; p<0.01). Comparing the deformation, the COMaFo groups COMaFOA and COMIFO not statistically different from the control group (BONE; p>0.01). Already the CO groups, COA and COMiFOA differed significantly from the control group (BONE; p<0.01). It is concluded that only COMaFOA and COMiFOA groups showed very similar mechanical properties to the control group (BONE). Therefore, due to these characteristics, these two biomaterials (COMaFOA e COMiFOA) would be the most suitable as a substitute in the repair of bone defects.

The objective of the study was to establish an operational somatic cell count (SCC) threshold to predict the presence of intramammary infection (IMI) in composite milk samples and compare findings with those in quarter milk samples. South African dairy producers now preferred composite milk samples for herd udder health analysis because of increasing cow numbers, convenience of sampling and lower cost. A retrospective study was conducted on 345 461 composite and 89 638 quarter milk samples from South African herds. Variance estimates for the proportion of quarter samples testing positive were adjusted to account for the lack of their independence within individual cows. The IMI at SCC thresholds of 150 000 cells/mL and 200 000 cells/mL differed only by 3.26% in composite milk samples. Youden's index indicated the optimum SCC thresholds for composite and quarter milk samples as 150 000 cells/mL and 200 000 cells/mL, respectively. At 150 000 cells/mL, sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI]) in composite milk samples was 65.3% (64.0%, 66.6%) and specificity was 66.8% (65.7%, 67.9%); and in quarter milk samples, sensitivity at 200 000 cells/mL was 70.8% (69.5%, 72.0%) and specificity was 63.6% (62.4%, 64.8%). The likelihood of infection for udders and quarters, respectively, was 1.034 and 1.327 at an SCC threshold of 150 000 cells/mL and 0.864 cells/mL and 1.177 cells/mL at 200 000 cells/mL. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics graph was 0.7084 and 0.7277 for composite and quarter samples, respectively, indicating that the SCC test could be considered as a good indicator of IMI in both sample types.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza el efecto que tiene sobre la igualdad d(P, F 1) + d(P, F 2) = 2a siendo P un punto del plano, F 1 y F 2 los focos de esta figura plana llamada elipse y a una constante positiva, el uso de la suma κ-deformada en el sentido de Kaniadakis, la cual se define como para . La igualdad resultante d(P, F1) d(P, F2 ) = 2a recibe el nombre de elipse κ-deformada y tiene ecuaciones análogas a las de la elipse definida en el sentido usual. En el trabajo se hace el estudio sobre los vértices, los extremos relativos, las asíntotas, el lado recto, la representación gráfica para las cuatro secciones cónicas: elipse, hipérbola, circunferencia y parábola en el sentido κ-deformado. Se estudia también el área que encierran la elipse y la hipérbola para cualquier valor de κ.

Abstract In this paper we study the effects of the κ-deformed sum, defined as, on the Euclidean distance function d(P, F 1) + d(P, F 2) = 2a, where P is an arbitrary point in R 2 ; F 1 and F 2 are the focus of the curve named Ellipse. The points satisfying the resulting equality d(P, F 1) d(P, F2) = 2a, describe a curve named κ-deformed ellipse for which the resulting analityc expression is analogue to the standard one. We make a deep study of the vertex, local extrema, asymptotes, the latus rectum and the graph of the resulting κ-deformed conic sections: Ellipse, hyperbola, circumference and parábola in the κ-deformed setting. We also make a study of the area of the regions limited by the κ-deformed ellipse and hyperbola for an arbitrary value of κ.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de dados de perfil paquimétrico horizontal, a fim de distinguir o ceratocone de córneas normais, e comparar a precisão de índices com outros tomográficos mais complexos. Métodos: Em um estudo retrospectivo, um olho selecionado aleatoriamente de 225 pacientes com ceratocone bilateral e de 335 pacientes com córneas normais foram incluídos. Todos os pacientes foram examinados por um especialista em córnea e foram submetidos ao exame de tomografia de córnea, Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Alemanha). Os dados de perfil paquimétrico horizontal em 6 milímetros passando pelo ápice foi avaliado. Com esses dados, a espessura no ápice corneano (P.ápice), a espessura no ponto mais fino do perfil horizontal (P.min.H), a progressão paquimétrica do ponto mais fino para o mais espesso (PPmin-máx), a progressão paquimétrica média no meridiano temos como referencial a média normal (PPméd) e a adequação a uma linha de tendência polinomial do segundo grau (R2). Um modelo de inteligência artificial foi construído para combinar esses dados. O desempenho para distinguir ceratocone do normal foi avaliada por curvas ROC. Resultados: Todos os índices avaliados foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os dois grupos (p <0,001). A área sob a curva ROC (AUC) de paquimetria no ápice e no TP foram de 0,904 e 0,938, respectivamente. O índice tomográfico com maior AUC foi o BAD-D (0,997). Em relação ao perfil horizontal, a AUC do P.min.H e PPmin-max foram 0,915 e 0,927, respectivamente. A adequação à linha de tendência para o gráfico de espessura no ápice apresentou AUC 0,896. O melhor desempenho foi obtido com o PPméd (AUC 0,932 Sensibilidade = 84,4% e especificidade de 92,5%). O modelo de inteligência artificial combinando todos os itens derivados do perfil horizontal melhorou o desempenho (AUC 0,991 Sens. = 96% e espec. = 98%). Conclusão: O perfil de espessura horizontal permite detectar o ceratocone, com capacidade comparável aos índices mais complexos. Esse tipo de análise pode fornecer o básico para novas abordagens, que utilizem dados presentes em aparelhos mais simples que o tomógrafo, reduzindo o custo para os pacientes.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the ability of horizontal thickness profile to distinguish keratoconus from normal corneas, and compare the accuracy of these indices with more complex tomographic indices. Methods: In a retrospective study, one eye randomly selected from 225 patients with bilateral keratoconus and 335 patients with normal corneas were included. All patients were examined by a corneal specialist and underwent the examination of corneal tomography, Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Data of horizontal pachymetric profile passing through the apex of 6 mm was evaluated. With these data, the thickness at the corneal apex (P.ápice), the thickness of the thinnest point of the horizontal profile (P.min.H), the pachymetric progression from the thinnest point to the thickest (PPmin-max), the average pachymetric progression in the meridian as reference the average from the normal population (PPméd) and the fitness with a second degree polynomial trendline (R2). An artificial intelligence model was built to combine this data. The performance for distinguishing normal keratoconus was evaluated by ROC curves. Results: All of these indices were statistically different between the two groups (p <0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) thickness at the apex and TP were 0.904 and 0.938, respectively. The tomographic index with higher AUC was BAD-D (0.997). Regarding the horizontal profile, the AUC of PP.min.H and PPmin-max were 0.915 and 0.927, respectively. The fitness to the trendline to the horizontal thickness graph AUC was 0.896. The best performance was obtained with the PPméd (AUC 0.932 sensitivity = 84.4% and specificity of 92.5%). The artificial intelligence model combining all items derived from horizontal profile improved performance (AUC 0.991 Sensitivity = 96% and specificity of 98%). Conclusion: The horizontal thickness profile can detect keratoconus, with a capacity comparable to more complex indices. This type of analysis can provide the basics for new approaches, using data present in simpler devices than the tomographer reducing the cost for the patients.