Resumo Interpreto as relações entre o abandono e a rememoração a partir das possibilidades de ressignificação da Fábrica de Cimento Portland de Perus. Abandonada desde a década de 1970, as instalações da falida Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland são, hoje, objeto de ações culturais de movimentos sociais de Perus, distrito da zona noroeste da Cidade de São Paulo. Estes procuram retomar memórias pessoais e coletivas da chamada Greve dos Queixadas, que tomou a Fábrica durante sete anos e legou ao território uma identidade de luta por direitos e cidadania. A partir da análise de entrevistas, discuto como um desses coletivos, a Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, elabora uma contranarrativa que se opõe ao esquecimento para anunciar as potencialidades de seu território. Perus 1970 são hoje Paulo Queixadas cidadania entrevistas coletivos Quilombaque 197 19 1

Abstract In this paper, I interpret the relationship between abandonment and remembrance based on possibilities for re-signifying the Perus Portland Cement Factory. Abandoned since the 1970s, the facilities of the bankrupt Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland are today the object of cultural actions organized by social movements in Perus, a district in the northwest of the city of São Paulo. The movements aim to recapture personal and collective memories of the so-called Queixadas Strike, which took over the factory for seven years and left to the territory an identity of struggle for rights and citizenship. Based on the analysis of interviews, I discuss the counter-narrative created by one of these collectives, the Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, to oppose oblivion and announce the potential of its territory. paper resignifying re signifying Factory 1970s s Paulo socalled so called Strike citizenship interviews counternarrative counter narrative collectives Quilombaque

The sixth IPCC report states that a proper conception of climate justice that can address the complexity of the phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change as a whole requires considering not only one but rather three dimensions of justice today: redistributive, procedural, and recognition dimensions. In this article, my focus is on exploring the latter dimension, drawing special attention to climate policies addressing cultural-identity issues. In the first section, I illustrate how climate policies can be connected to discriminatory practices against minority cultures and their identities. To do so, I take the struggles of Black movements against environmental racism and the struggles of Indigenous peoples against a colonialist cultural heritage as case studies. In the second section, I look into the most advanced normative model to address the dimension of recognition, its advantages, and how it addresses the so-called ‘institutionalization of cultural patterns’ in climate policies: the Nancy Fraser model. Finally, in the third section, I investigate an aspect that remains open. It concerns the matter of how to use institutional authority to ‘deinstitutionalize’ non-ecological cultural patterns, while respecting pluralism and avoiding falling into the risks of institutional paternalism. today redistributive procedural article culturalidentity identity issues section identities so studies advantages socalled called institutionalization patterns Finally open ‘deinstitutionalize deinstitutionalize nonecological non ecological paternalism

Abstract What and how did the writers of the first centuries of the Italian language read? Thanks to the influence of what readings did you compose your works? In the case of Boccaccio and Petrarch, the answer to this question was found in the books they owned and in which in many cases they made notes. Of Dante, on the other hand, we do not possess either the books or a single word written in his handwriting: we can only imagine the appearance of his handwriting thanks to the description that Leonardi Bruni left of it, probably based on a Dantesque autograph, now lost. Given this lack of data, Dante’s sole mention of his own training is of great importance, that is, the passage from the Convivio in which he narrates that he undertook philosophical studies immediately after the death of Beatrix, prompted by the reading of the Consolatio Philosophiae of Boethius to go for thirty months “to the schools of the religious and to the disputes of the philosophers” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). The schools frequented by the Poet can be identified with the conventual Studia of Florence, that is, the Franciscan of Santa Croce, the Dominican of Santa Maria Novella and the Augustinian of Santo Spirito, unique places of conservation of books and education, in addition to the teaching by isolated private teachers like Brunetto Latini. Among these institutions, home to lively cultural activity, philosophical disputes and study, the historical data attributable to Dante favors Santa Croce, whose books (today preserved mainly in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana and in the National Central Library of Florence) document the physiognomy in which the texts he read were offered to his eyes and were models of his works. This contribution traces a journey through the precious bibliographic heritage of the Franciscan Studium, with the aim of reconstructing and documenting the circulation of Dante’s works in his homeland and the Florentine context in which the poet’s extraordinary cultural formation took place.

Resumen ¿Qué y cómo leían los escritores de los primeros siglos de la lengua italiana? ¿Bajo la influencia de qué lecturas compusieron sus obras? En el caso de Boccaccio y Petrarca, la respuesta a esta pregunta se encontró en los libros que poseían y en los que, en muchos casos, hicieron anotaciones. De Dante, en cambio, no poseemos ni los libros ni una sola palabra escrita de su puño y letra: sólo podemos imaginar el aspecto de su caligrafía gracias a la descripción que de ella dejó Leonardi Bruni, probablemente basada en un autógrafo dantesco, hoy perdido. Dada esta ausencia de datos, cobra gran importancia la única mención de Dante a su propia formación, es decir, el pasaje del Convivio en el que narra que emprendió estudios filosóficos inmediatamente después de la muerte de Beatriz, impulsado por la lectura de la Consolatio Philosophiae de Boecio para ir durante treinta meses “a las escuelas de los religiosos y a las disputas de los filósofos” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). Las escuelas frecuentadas por el Poeta se pueden identificar con los Studia conventuales de Florencia, es decir, la franciscana de Santa Croce, la dominicana de Santa Maria Novella y la agustina de Santo Spirito, únicos lugares de conservación de libros y educación, además de la enseñanza privada de profesores aislados como Brunetto Latini. Entre estas instituciones, sedes de una animada actividad cultural, de disputas filosóficas y de estudio, los datos históricos atribuibles a Dante favorecen a Santa Croce, cuyos libros (hoy conservados principalmente en la Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana y en la Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia) documentan los textos que leía y eran modelos de sus obras. Esta contribución traza un recorrido por el preciado patrimonio bibliográfico del Studium franciscano, con el objetivo de reconstruir y documentar la circulación de las obras de Dante en su patria y el contexto florentino en el que tuvo lugar la extraordinaria formación cultural del poeta.

Abstract The conservation of cultural heritage needs to be aligned with current sustainability policies. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the effectiveness of using kaolin residue, either totally or partially replacing bentonite, in Mário Mendonça de Oliveira's formulation for cleaning stone surfaces, in order to measure possible changes in the appearance or structure of Lioz stone. The influence of some variables, such as the application time of the plaster and the concentration of the clay minerals used, was evaluated. The experimental methodology consisted of drying and pulverizing the residue; quantifying and weighing the reagents; wet cleaning the rock; synthesis, application, and removal of the plaster. Throughout the research, analysis techniques were employed to characterize the starting materials, the products formed, and the alterations produced on the rock surface. After the wet cleaning process, there was a trend for increased brightness in all studied ranges, and an increase in brightness in all ranges where 100% kaolin plaster was applied during 7 and 14 days. policies Therefore residue bentonite Oliveiras Oliveira s surfaces variables used evaluated reagents synthesis research materials formed surface process 100 1 days 10

Resumo A conservação de bens culturais necessita estar alinhada com a política de sustentabilidade da atualidade. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso do resíduo do caulim substituindo total ou parcialmente a bentonita, na formulação de Mário Mendonça de Oliveira, para a limpeza de superfícies pétreas. E dessa forma avaliar possíveis alterações no aspecto ou na estrutura do lioz. Para tanto foram avaliadas a influência de algumas variáveis, como tempo de aplicação do emplastro e a concentração dos argilominerais utilizados. A metodologia experimental consistiu em: secagem e pulverização do resíduo; quantificação e pesagem dos reagentes; limpeza úmida da rocha; síntese, aplicação e remoção do emplastro. Ao longo da pesquisa foram empregadas técnicas de análise, para caracterizar os materiais de partida, os produtos formados e as alterações produzidas na superfície da rocha. Após a limpeza por via úmida houve uma tendência de elevação de brilho em todas as faixas estudadas; e um aumento do mesmo em todas as faixas em que foi aplicado o emplastro de 100% caulim, para os tempos de 7 e 14 dias. atualidade Assim bentonita Oliveira pétreas lioz variáveis utilizados reagentes rocha síntese análise partida estudadas 100 1 dias 10

Abstract: In the current situation marked by a necessary ecosocial transition, the new urban agendas have been acquiring a leading role, establishing strategies for the transformation of cities based on the principles of sustainability, where the cultural approach takes on a relevant role. The aim of this article is to analyze, the framework agendas drawn up at different levels of government, from the perspective of heritage and culture. To this end, the documents that make up the International, European, Spanish and Andalusian urban agendas are analyzed by means of a bibliographical review, considering heritage and citizenship as key components in the urban configuration. As a result of the multilevel analysis, a series of key factors are identified as a reference framework for the implementation of new urban agendas in cities from a heritage and citizenship approach.

Resumen: En la actual coyuntura marcada por una necesaria transición ecosocial, las nuevas agendas urbanas han ido adquiriendo un papel protagonista, estableciendo estrategias para la transformación de las ciudades basadas en los principios de la sostenibilidad, donde el enfoque cultural adquiere un papel relevante. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde el punto de vista del patrimonio y la cultura, estas agendas marco elaboradas en diferentes niveles de gobierno como el internacional, europeo, nacional y regional. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los documentos que conforman las agendas urbanas Internacional, Europea, Española y Andaluza, considerando el patrimonio y la ciudadanía como componentes clave en la configuración urbana. Como resultado del análisis multinivel, se identifican una serie de factores clave como marco de referencia para la implementación de nuevas agendas urbanas en las ciudades desde un enfoque de patrimonio y ciudadanía.

Abstract: The pandemic period served as a catalyst in the museums' adaptation, leading them to embrace innovation, collaboration, and resilience. As they emerged from the COVID-19 crisis, these institutions found themselves in a unique position to play a vital role in society's rebuilding and in preserving cultural heritage in an ever-changing world. The article aims to explore the main measures adopted, review the scientific literature on the subject, highlight some relevant cases in European, Asian, and American museums, and identify the challenges and dynamics driven in the post-pandemic period. The text stems from a thorough literature review to determine how the museum field should reconfigure its presence, considering three factors: technology, heritage, and audience. A landscape in which the presence of social networks, the rise of online exhibitions, and other digital resources are considered fundamental.

Resumen: El periodo pandémico supuso un catalizador en la adaptación de los museos, llevándolos a abrazar la innovación, la colaboración y la resiliencia. A medida que emergieron de la crisis del covid-19, dichas entidades se encontraron en una posición única para desempeñar un papel vital en la reconstrucción de la sociedad y en la preservación del patrimonio cultural en un mundo en constante cambio. El artículo busca conocer cuáles fueron las principales medidas adoptadas, conocer la literatura científica al respecto, reseñar algunos casos relevantes en museos europeos, asiáticos y americanos, y señalar los retos y las dinámicas impulsadas en el periodo postpandémico. El texto nace de una atenta revisión bibliográfica para delimitar de qué modo el ámbito museístico debe reconfigurar su presencia atendiendo a tres factores: tecnología, patrimonio y público. Un panorama en que la presencia de las redes sociales, el auge de las exposiciones en línea y otros recursos digitales se consideran fundamentales.

Abstract This article addresses and analyzes the measures that currently exist in Chile for gender mainstreaming through the case of the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage, focusing on the National Cultural Heritage Service. Through a qualitative study carried out in 2022, we sought to understand and deepen the mechanism that is most successfully configured, for which semi-structured interviews have been carried out with experts and senior State officials who work in the matter, and a documentary review in order to review the strategies, achievements and challenges faced in the exercise of measures to implement the gender approach in the institution’s policies. The main findings of the research are related to the identification of an incentive system that has been institutionalized within public services and has been studied as a good practice of gender focus in the State. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the application of this type of incentive systems for the gender mainstreaming is discussed.

Resumen El presente artículo aborda y analiza las medidas que hoy existen en el Estado chileno para la transversalización con enfoque de género mediante el caso del Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, focalizándose en el Servicio Nacional del Patrimonio Cultural. A través de un estudio cualitativo realizado en el año 2022, se buscó conocer y profundizar en el mecanismo que se configura con mayor éxito, para lo cual se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertas y altas funcionarias de Estado que trabajan en la materia, y una revisión documental a manera de revisar las estrategias, logros y desafíos enfrentados en el ejercicio de las medidas para implementar el enfoque de género en las políticas de la institución. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación se relacionan con la identificación de un sistema de incentivo que ha sido institucionalizado dentro de los servicios públicos y estudiado como una buena práctica de enfoque de género en el Estado. Como conclusión, se discute acerca de la efectividad de la aplicación de este tipo de sistemas de incentivos para la transversalización de la perspectiva de género.

Abstract: The ritual ceremony of the Papantla flyers is a pre-Hispanic cultural practice performed since 600 B. C. by various indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America. This intricate ceremony comprises multiple stages, with the most notable being “the flight,” where a group of five individuals ascend a tall mast, known as the flying pole, to perform songs and dances from the top. Tied by their feet with ropes, the flyers then descend in concentric circles until they reach the ground. This article focuses on two contemporary practices in Mexico: one at the Xcaret Tourist Park in Quintana Roo, and the other in the municipality of Papantla, Veracruz. The aim is to compare these practices to highlight the tensions between colonial legacies and community resistance. Using the method of montage, we analyze two dialectical images across different dimensions: spaces, times, technical-material contents, participating social subjects, and the objectivity of the practice itself. The results reveal the tension between the colonial persistence of capitalist modernity-manifested in the commodification and patrimonialization of the practice-and community resistance, demonstrated through the revival of memories and traditions. While this research focuses on two specific practices, the methodological and analytical approach can be applied to other activities within the ritual flyers ceremony, or to other cultural practices recognized as intangible cultural heritage. This study contributes to the field of critical heritage studies.

Resumo: A cerimônia ritual dos voadores é uma prática cultural pré-hispânica realizada desde 600 a. C. por vários povos indígenas do México e da América Central. Em geral, a cerimônia ritual é um processo complexo composto de vários momentos; no entanto, a parte mais distinta, conhecida como “o voo”, consiste em um grupo de cinco pessoas que sobem até o topo de um poste, chamado palo volador, para oferecer canções e danças do alto. Depois, amarrados pelos pés por uma corda, os voadores se penduram e descem em círculos concêntricos até retornarem ao solo. Este artigo se limita ao estudo de duas das práticas atualmente celebradas no México: no Parque Turístico Xcaret, em Quintana Roo, e no município de Papantla, em Veracruz. O objetivo do texto é comparar os dois exercícios a fim de expor as tensões que surgem entre as persistências coloniais e as resistências comunitárias. Para isso, utilizando o método de montagem, propomos analisar duas imagens dialéticas sob diferentes dimensões, a saber: os espaços, os tempos, os conteúdos técnico-materiais, os sujeitos sociais que participam e a objetividade que a própria prática adquire. Os resultados da montagem expressam a tensão entre a persistência colonial da modernidade capitalista, por meio da tendência de mercantilizar e patrimonializar a prática, e as resistências da comunidade, por meio da atualização de suas memórias e tradições na prática. Embora a pesquisa examine apenas duas práticas concretas, a proposta metodológica e analítica pode ser estendida a outras atividades da cerimônia de dança dos panfletos (ritual de los voladores) ou, ainda, a outras práticas culturais reconhecidas como patrimônio cultural imaterial da humanidade, de modo que o texto contribui para o campo dos estudos críticos do patrimônio.

Resumen: La ceremonia ritual de los voladores es una práctica cultural prehispánica realizada desde el año 600 a. C., por diversos pueblos indígenas de México y Centroamérica. En general, la ceremonia ritual es un proceso complejo compuesto por múltiples momentos; empero, la parte más distinguida conocida como “el vuelo” consiste en que un grupo de cinco personas suben a lo alto de un mástil, llamado palo volador, para ofrecer cantos y danzas desde lo alto. Más adelante, atados de los pies por una cuerda, los voladores cuelgan y descienden en círculos concéntricos hasta regresar al suelo. Este artículo se limita al estudio de dos de las prácticas que se celebran actualmente en México: en el parque turístico de Xcaret, Quintana Roo, y en el municipio de Papantla, Veracruz. El objetivo del texto es comparar ambos ejercicios para exponer las tensiones que emergen entre las persistencias coloniales y las resistencias comunitarias. Para ello, mediante el método del montaje proponemos analizar dos imágenes dialécticas bajo diferentes dimensiones, a saber: los espacios, los tiempos, los contenidos técnico-materiales, los sujetos sociales que participan y la objetividad que adquiere la propia práctica. Los resultados del montaje expresan la tensión entre la persistencia colonial de la modernidad capitalista, por medio de la tendencia a la mercantilización y patrimonialización de la práctica, y las resistencias comunitarias gracias a la actualización de sus memorias y tradiciones en la práctica. En tanto la investigación revisa únicamente dos prácticas concretas, la propuesta metodológica y analítica puede extenderse a otras actividades de la ceremonia ritual de los voladores o, también, a otras prácticas culturales reconocidas como patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la humanidad, por lo que el texto contribuye al campo de los estudios críticos del patrimonio.

Abstract Portuguese Traditional Music is often overlooked in formal teaching at music schools in Portugal. Furthermore, there has been little research into its use in the classroom and the informal learning practices associated with it. Thus, an Educational Project was developed and implemented in 2021/2022, at the Regional Conservatory of Ponta Delgada (CRPD), involving 7 violin students aged between 9 and 14 years and focused on learning songs from the Traditional Music of the Azores. These songs were prepared in class using informal learning practices - auditory learning and analysis, the use of recordings, memorisation without the use of sheet music, improvisation, etc. - and presented at a concert. Additionally, a research study was conducted to analyse the effects of such intervention on the motivation, learning and attitudes of the students, as well as the perceptions developed by the students, their parents, the teachers, and the general public involved in this experience. The study also aimed to assess the feasibility of combining formal and informal learning practices in violin teaching at the CRPD and to evaluate its implications for the preservation of regional cultural identity. To this end, qualitative data were collected, through direct observation of classes with field notes, audiovisual recordings, semi-structured interviews with the students, anonymous questionnaires to the parents and the audience present at the concert, and 27 violin teachers. This data was subjected to content analysis, namely by organising it into categories and sub-categories. The results show that the inclusion of Azorean Traditional Music, using informal learning practices, had a positive effect on the students' motivation, enhancing the development of technical, musical, cognitive, and social skills. In addition, the Azorean Traditional Music concert proved to be an effective means of disseminating and valuing the region's cultural heritage, boosting the students' identity development, and preserving the region's cultural identity.

Abstract: Catalan Jesuit Andrés Febrés’ Art of the General Tongue of the Kingdom of Chile (1765) contains the earliest examples of two explicitly Mapuche discourse genres. These are the ‘dialogue between two chiefs’ or dungulun and the ‘discourse’ or coyaghtun. Despite the role they were given as exemplification or protreptic texts, it remains clear that religious biases and a gaze from linguistic and cultural othering have produced a reimagining of the interactions and communities they seek to portray. This ‘clean-up’ of the material raises questions about their value as testimonies to Mapuche language and culture of the time. In this article we propose a critical reading of the material in which we seek out without denying foreign influence - the linguistic threads that may, with a modicum of certainty, be identified as part of contemporary speakers’ repertoires. This task is particularly relevant in current efforts to strengthen the role of textual sources in Mapudungun historical linguistics, that is, in establishing a philological tradition for the tongue. The novel method we propose entails the verification of historical linguistic material by contemporary native speakers of the language. As such, we present the results of a shared reading of the target texts, conducted by a historical linguist and a contemporary speaker. As a result, we highlight a series of under-described linguistic structures (lexicon, morphology, phonology, discourse) which show parallels between contemporary usage or lived memory and materials from over a quarter of a millennium ago.

Resumen: El Arte de la Lengua General del Reyno de Chile (1765), del jesuita Andrés Febrés, contiene los ejemplos más tempranos que poseemos de dos géneros discursivos explícitamente mapuches. Se trata del ‘diálogo entre dos caciques’ o dugulun y el ‘parlamento’ o coyaghtun. A pesar del rol ejemplificador o protréptico que se le da a este material, no cabe duda que el sesgo religioso y la mirada desde la otredad lingüística y cultural producen una reimaginación de la interacciones y las comunidades que se buscan caracterizar. Este ‘depuramiento’ del material pone en cuestión el valor del mismo en cuanto testimonio de la lengua y cultura mapuche de la época. En este artículo proponemos una lectura crítica del material en la cual buscamos, sin desmentir los elementos foráneos, seguir los hilos lingüísticos que podamos, con cierto grado de certeza, identificar como propios de los hablantes de la época. Esta tarea es particularmente relevante en los esfuerzos por fortalecer el rol del material textual en la lingüística histórica del mapudungun, esto es, de establecer una tradición filológica para la lengua. Proponemos como método innovador la verificación del material lingüísticos histórico por parte de los hablantes actuales. En tanto, presentamos los resultados de una lectura compartida de los dos textos en cuestión, realizada por un lingüista histórico y una hablante contemporánea. Destacamos una serie de elementos lingüísticos (léxico, morfología, fonología, discurso) poco descritos que muestran paralelos entre la usanza o memoria actual y los materiales de hace más de un cuarto de milenio.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to analyze pottery as a cultural manifestation of the Huancas community. For this purpose, data were collected in situ on the characteristics of Huancas pottery: forms, techniques and ornamental motifs, highlighting the tradition and cultural identity they express. This is basic descriptive research, which used a questionnaire as an instrument to collect information from a sample of 35 people linked to the pottery activity in the community of Huancas. This study aims to analyze pottery as a cultural manifestation within the community of Huancas. The results revealed that pottery in this community constitutes a fundamental element of women's cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation. Notably, 59% of the craftswomen acquire their knowledge from their mothers, while 13% inherit it from their grandmothers, highlighting the relevant contribution of the female gender to the continuity of this craft tradition. The ceramic objects produced are mostly utilitarian, including pots, flowerpots and vases, as well as the so-called "chochos", large vessels for storing water or guarapo. Beyond its role in affirming cultural identity, Huancas pottery also acts as a driver of tourism, fostering local economic development and the preservation of cultural heritage. This study underlines the need for an integral management to guarantee the preservation and sustainable promotion of the pottery activity in Huancas, positioning it as an attractive tourist destination for the benefit of the community.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la alfarería como manifestación cultural de la comunidad de Huancas. Se recogieron datos in situ sobre las características de la cerámica Huancas: formas, técnicas y motivos ornamentales, destacando la tradición y la identidad cultural que expresan. Se trata de una investigación básica de tipo descriptivo, que empleó el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de información a una muestra de 35 personas vinculadas a la actividad alfarera en la comunidad de Huancas. Los resultados revelaron que la alfarería en esta comunidad constituye un elemento fundamental del patrimonio cultural femenino, transmitido de generación en generación. Notablemente, el 59% de las artesanas adquieren sus conocimientos de sus progenitoras, mientras que un 13% los heredan de sus abuelas, destacando la relevante contribución del género femenino a la continuidad de esta tradición artesanal. Los objetos cerámicos producidos son mayormente utilitarios, incluyendo ollas, macetas y floreros, así como los denominados "chochos", grandes vasijas para almacenar agua o guarapo. Más allá de su función en la afirmación de la identidad cultural, la alfarería de Huancas también actúa como un impulsor del turismo, fomentando el desarrollo económico local y la preservación del patrimonio cultural. Este estudio subraya la necesidad de una gestión integral para garantizar la preservación y promoción sostenible de la actividad alfarera en Huancas, posicionándola como un atractivo destino turístico en beneficio de la comunidad.

Abstract The use and prescription of medicinal plants and herbal medicines within the Family Health Strategy faces new and old challenges in the post-pandemic COVID-19 context. Globally, the biomedical model has strengthened as the main guiding paradigm of care. In Brazil, the increase in poverty and the disinvestment in health policies have compounded the phenomenon of misinformation. This article discusses how the availability of herbal medicine and other integrative and complementary practices have been affected in this context, based on data from two studies conducted prior to the pandemic. The first, carried out with healthcare professionals in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, identifies conflicts between professional categories in the use and prescription of these treatments. The second, an ethnographic approach, describes how popular groups have been claiming the recognition of knowledge about medicinal plants as intangible cultural heritage. In order to avoid categorizing these practices as health misinformation, it is necessary to understand their traditional use in local contexts. postpandemic post pandemic COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 context Globally care Brazil misinformation first Janeiro treatments second approach heritage contexts COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo O uso e prescrição de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na Estratégia Saúde da Família enfrenta novos e velhos desafios no contexto pós-pandemia de Covid-19. No mundo, o modelo biomédico se fortaleceu como principal paradigma orientador do cuidado. No Brasil, o aumento da pobreza e o desinvestimento em políticas de saúde se somaram ao fenômeno da desinformação. O artigo discute como a oferta de fitoterapia e outras práticas integrativas e complementares foram afetadas nesse contexto a partir de dados de duas pesquisas anteriores à pandemia. A primeira, realizada com profissionais de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro, identifica os conflitos entre categorias profissionais no uso e prescrição. A segunda, uma abordagem etnográfica, descreve como grupos populares têm reivindicado o reconhecimento de saberes sobre plantas medicinais como patrimônio cultural imaterial. A fim de evitar a categorização dessas práticas como desinformação em saúde, é necessário compreender o uso tradicional em contextos locais. póspandemia pós pandemia Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-19 mundo cuidado Brasil primeira Janeiro segunda etnográfica imaterial locais Covid1 1 Covid-1 Covid-

RESUMEN La independencia de Azerbaiyán en 1991 marcó un hito crucial en la historia moderna del país, brindando la oportunidad de definir su propio camino político, económico y cultural. Esta decisión histórica significó un paso hacia la afirmación de su identidad nacional y la colocación del país en la comunidad internacional. Desde entonces, Azerbaiyán ha trabajado para fortalecer sus instituciones democráticas, diversificar su economía y promover su rico patrimonio cultural. Además, la soberanía ha sido fundamental para enfrentar desafíos internos y externos, buscando soluciones diplomáticas y defendiendo sus intereses nacionales. Desde el campo académico histórico, los procesos políticos, socioeconómicos y culturales relacionados con la vida en Azerbaiyán a finales del siglo XX han atraído la atención de los investigadores, tanto durante el período soviético como en la era de la independencia. Sin embargo, es indiscutible que desde la recuperación de la independencia ha habido un creciente interés en este tema. Entre los temas más relevantes examinados, se puede destacar la división de Azerbaiyán, la historia de la estatalidad, los levantamientos públicos, la burguesía nacional y la lucha de liberación nacional. Las actitudes de los historiadores hacia estos temas variaron, influenciadas por sus orígenes étnicos o nacionales, afiliaciones políticas y muchos otros factores. Por lo tanto, considerando lo anterior, el presente artículo investiga los problemas que rodean la lucha nacional en Azerbaiyán a principios del siglo XX, destacando las investigaciones más importantes realizadas por los historiadores durante el período de independencia.

ABSTRACT Azerbaijan's independence in 1991 marked a crucial milestone in the country's modern history, providing opportunity to define its own political, economic, and cultural path. This historic decision meant a step toward affirming its national identity and placing the country in the international community. Since then, Azerbaijan has worked to strengthen its democratic institutions, diversify its economy, and promote its rich cultural heritage. Moreover, sovereignty has been fundamental in facing internal and external challenges, seeking diplomatic solutions, and defending its national interests. From the historical academic field, the political, socioeconomic, and cultural processes related to life in Azerbaijan at the turn of the 20th century have drawn the attention of researchers, both during the Soviet period and the era of independence. However, it is indisputable that since the regaining of independence there has been an increasing interest in this topic. Among the most relevant topics examined, we can highlight the division of Azerbaijan, the history of our statehood, public uprisings, the national bourgeoisie, and the national liberation struggle. Historians' attitudes toward these subjects varied, influenced by their ethnic or national origins, political affiliations, and many other factors. Therefore, considering the above, the present article investigates the issues surrounding the national struggle in Azerbaijan in the early 20th century, highlighting the most important research conducted by historians during the independence period.

Resumen Introducción: se sabe que los festivales incrementan y valorizan el patrimonio intangible. Esta investigación busca propiciar la transformación de los festivales en escenarios que favorezcan el acceso a la difusión de las artes con criterios de equidad hacia las turistas mujeres. Objetivo principal: el propósito de este trabajo es investigar la participación de las turistas mujeres durante la asistencia al Festival de Artes Vivas de Loja-Ecuador en 2018, y determinar si tanto los hombres como las mujeres tienen una participación plena e igualitaria en la cultura; así como inferir las tendencias futuras. Método y técnica: esta investigación utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance exploratorio, se aplicaron 353 encuestas. Los datos se analizaron con base en la técnica de Clusters por Árboles de Regresión y al Análisis de Detección de Interacción Chi-cuadrado. Adicionalmente, se utilizaron cuatro estadísticos de prueba. Resultados: la probabilidad de asistencia de las turistas mujeres, así como sus gastos, fueron inferiores a la de los hombres. Las mujeres prefirieron las obras de teatro, la danza y las exposiciones gastronómicas. Los precios fueron percibidos como altos, lo que podría provocar el retorno de un pequeño porcentaje de las turistas mujeres. Conclusiones: la oferta cultural del festival no es inclusiva para las turistas mujeres. De persistir esta tendencia, la asistencia se polarizaría. El derecho de las turistas mujeres a participar como asistentes en las actividades de los festivales de arte debería ser un compromiso de la ciudad como política pública.

Abstract Introduction: festivals contribute to increasing heritage diversity. This research contributes to promoting the transformation of festivals into scenarios that favor access to the dissemination of the arts with criteria of equity towards women tourists.Objective: the purpose of this work is to investigate the participation of female tourists during Festival of Living Arts in Loja-Ecuador in 2018 in order to determine if both men and women have a full and equal participation in culture; as well as to infer future trends.Method and technique: this research use a quantitative approach of exploratory scope; 353 surveys were applied. Data were analyzed based on the regression tree technique and Chi-square Interaction Detection Analysis. Additionally, four test statisticians were used.Results: the probability of attendance of female tourists and their expenses were lower than men. Women tourists preferred plays, dance and gastronomic exhibitions. Prices were perceived as high, this would cause a return of a small percentage of female tourists.Conclusions: the cultural offer of the festival is not inclusive for female tourists. If this trend persists, attendance would become polarized. The right of female tourists to take part as attendees in the activities of art festivals should be a commitment of the city, as public policy.

Resumo A geografia humana desempenha um papel fundamental na adaptação das comunidades ao meio ambiente ao longo do tempo. Ela considera aspectos como a modificação do território, a organização social e as atividades econômicas como o turismo cultural que aborda a geografia, a história e a cultura, valorizando os conhecimentos e processos das comunidades. Portanto, o presente artigo propõe um projeto para criar um Ecomuseu da cultura Chorotega na comunidade de Matambú, localizada na Unidade de Planejamento Turístico Guanacaste Sul, na Costa Rica. A proposta surge como resposta a uma necessidade da comunidade indígena de se envolver no turismo para subsistir, com o objetivo de fomentar o ecoturismo, turismo cultural e criativo no Território Indígena Chorotega Matambú (TICM) e contribuir para a melhoria das condições socioeconômicas da comunidade indígena, preservando e resgatando o senso de pertencimento do patrimônio cultural e natural por parte dos habitantes do território. Após alcançar o objetivo de criar o Ecomuseu “Los Chorotegas” na comunidade de Matambú, haverá uma melhoria na qualidade de vida. Simultaneamente, a comunidade será mais respeitada e reconhecida como a única etnia de origem Mesoamericana presente na Costa Rica.

Abstract Over time, human geography has played a fundamental role in communities’ processes of adaptation to their environment. This involves considerations spanning the modification of territories, social organization, and economic activities such as cultural tourism. This also involves understanding the geographic context of their history and culture to add value to communities’ knowledge and processes. Therefore, this article proposes the creation of a Chorotega Culture Eco-Museum in Matambú, a community located within the South Guanacaste Unit of Touristic Planning, Costa Rica. This proposal arises from the necessity of this indigenous community to be part of the tourism industry as a survival strategy. The objective is to promote ecotourism and cultural and creative tourism in the Matambú Chorotega Indigenous Territory (TICM). This initiative serves as a method to enhance the socio-economic conditions of the indigenous community while helping to preserve and rescue the sense of belonging to its cultural and natural heritage. By achieving the objective of creating “Los Chorotegas” Eco-Museum in the Matambú community, this territory and indigenous group will be respected and valued as the only remaining ethnicity of Mesoamerican origin within Costa Rica, and this recognition can improve their quality of life.

Resumen La geografía humana desempeña un papel fundamental en la adaptación de las comunidades al medio ambiente a lo largo del tiempo, considerando aspectos como la modificación del territorio, organización social, actividades económicas como el turismo cultural que aborda el contexto geográfico, historia y cultura poniendo en valor los saberes y procesos de las comunidades. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo plantea una propuesta para diseñar un Ecomuseo de la cultura Chorotega en la comunidad de Matambú ubicada en la Unidad de Planeamiento Turístico Guanacaste Sur en Costa Rica. La propuesta surge en respuesta a una necesidad de la comunidad indígena de involucrarse en el turismo para subsistir, con el objetivo de fomentar el ecoturismo, turismo cultural y creativo en el Territorio Indígena Chorotega Matambú (TICM) y contribuir al mejoramiento de las condiciones socioeconómicas de la comunidad indígena, conservando y rescatando el sentido de pertenencia del patrimonio cultural y natural por parte de los habitantes del territorio. Cumplido el objetivo de crear el Ecomuseo “Los Chorotegas” en la comunidad de Matambú, mejorará la calidad de vida y a la vez serán más respetados, visibilizados como la única etnia de origen Mesoamericana presente en Costa Rica.