Abstract Introduction: Macrobrachium amazonicum is widely distributed in South America, occurring in the Orinoco, Amazon and Paraguay river basins, being used as an important source of protein for feeding riverside populations. This prawn is host to the crustacean ectoparasites Probopyrus pandalicola, Probopyrus floridensis and Probopyrus bithynis (Bopyridae) that infest the gill cavity of the species. Objective: To report the prevalence and abundance of ectopasites (P. pandalicola, P. floridensis and P. bithynis) and the condition factor in M. amazonicum from the Amazon River, Eastern Amazon. Methods: The prawns were collected from May 2017 to April 2018, with the artisanal trap matapi in the municipalities of Mazagão (state of Amapá) and Santarém (state of Pará), Brazil. Results: 216 prawns infected with ectoparasites were captured, 133 in the Mazagão region (53 P. pandalicola, 48 P. bithynis and 32 P. floridensis) and 83 in the Santarém region (45 P. pandalicola and 38 P. bithynis). In Mazagão, the highest prevalence values were recorded in May (1.98 %) for P. floridensis, July (2.18 %) for P. bithynis, and March (1.93 %) for P. pandalicola. In the Santarém region, the highest prevalence values were recorded in February, 3.47 for P. pandalicola and 2.89 for P. bithynis. Regarding the abundance of parasites, there was no difference between the species grouped between the regions (t = 0.32, p = 0.739). Parasitized prawns from Mazagão and Santarém presented condition factors below expectations, with an average of 0.85 ± 0.55 for Santarém and 0.88 ± 0.44 for Mazagão. Conclusions: During the study it was found that P. pandalicola, P. bithynis and P. floridensis were present in M. amazonicum throughout the year. Furthermore, there was an effect of parasitism on M. amazonicum in the study areas.

Resumen Introducción: Macrobrachium amazonicum está ampliamente distribuido en América del Sur, se encuentra en las cuencas de los ríos Orinoco, Amazonas y Paraguay, se utiliza como una fuente importante de proteínas para alimentar a las poblaciones ribereñas. Este camarón es hospedero de los ectoparásitos crustáceos: Probopyrus pandalicola, Probopyrus floridensis y Probopyrus bithynis (Bopyridae), que infestan la cavidad branquial de la especie. Objetivo: Reportar la prevalencia y abundancia de ectoparásitos (P. pandalicola, P. floridensis y P. bithynis) y el factor de condición de M. amazonicum en el| río Amazonas, al este de la Amazonía. Métodos: Los camarones fueron recolectados entre mayo 2017 y abril 2018, con la ayuda de matapis (trampa artesanal) en los municipios de Mazagão (Estado de Amapá) y Santarém (Estado de Pará), Brasil. Resultados: Se capturaron un total de 216 camarones parasitados con ectoparásitos, 133 de ellos en la región de Mazagão (53 P. pandalicola, 48 P. bithynis y 32 P. floridensis) y 83 en la región de Santarém (45 P. pandalicola y 38 P. bithynis). En Mazagão, los valores más altos de prevalencia se registraron en mayo (1.98 %) para P. floridensis, julio (2.18 %) para P. bithynis y marzo (1.93 %) para P. pandalicola. En la región de Santarém, los valores más altos de prevalencia se registraron en febrero, de 3.47 para P. pandalicola y 2.89 para P. bithynis. En cuanto a la abundancia de parásitos, no hubo diferencia entre las especies agrupadas entre las regiones (t = 0.32, p = 0.739). Los camarones parasitados de Mazagão y Santarém mostraron factores de condición por debajo de lo esperado, con un promedio de 0.85 ± 0.55 para Santarém y 0.88 ± 0.44 para Mazagão. Conclusiones: Durante el estudio, se encontró que P. pandalicola, P. bithynis y P. floridensis estuvieron presentes en M. Amazonicum todo el año. Además, hubo un efecto de parasitismo sobre M. Amazonicum en las áreas de estudio.

ABSTRACT. Due to its beneficial biological properties, chitosan extracted from crustacean byproducts emerges as a viable strategy to mitigate the anti-nutritional factors in vegetable-based diets for juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis). The growth, survival, and nutritional efficiency of juvenile white snook-fed diets containing chitosan were evaluated. Chitosan was extracted chemically and enzymatically from shrimp byproducts (exoskeletons and heads). It was then included in a soybean meal-based diet (48% protein and 19% kJ g-1 gross energy) at 0, 0.5, and 1.0% chitosan levels (D-Control, CHI-0.5%, and CHI-1.0%). Juvenile snook (initial weight: 44.5 ± 4.2 g) were randomly distributed into 300 L tanks and fed the experimental diets three times daily for 45 days. Fish fed the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in growth rates than the D-Control diet. No significant differences in survival were observed. The FCR of the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were lower when compared to the D-Control (P < 0.05). The results suggest the utilization of chitosan in diets with high soybean meal content for snook to obtain better growth and survival.

resumo O artigo é um exercício etnográfico da pesca do guaiamum ( Cardisoma ganhumi ) nos manguezais da Baía de Todos os Santos. Tomando como referência os modos de viver e habitar deste crustáceo e dos gaiamunzeiros quilombolas que os capturam como atividade pesqueira, pretendo descrever os efeitos do neoextrativismo nas paisagens pesqueiras da região. A intenção é, por um lado, mostrar práticas, habitabilidades e paisagens associadas à pesca do guaiamum e, por outro, oferecer descrição sobre conflitos e impactos oriundos das infraestruturas agropastoris e petrolíferas nos seus territórios e modos de vida. Objetiva-se, com isso, contribuir para o debate público acerca do marco regulatório da pesca do guaiamum, reforçando a importância da participação dos gaiamunzeiros e pescadores artesanais quilombolas nas tomadas de decisão sobre a preservação da espécie e proteção dos seus ambientes de vida. Santos pesqueira região lado práticas outro vida Objetivase, Objetivase Objetiva se, se Objetiva-se isso

Abstract The article is an ethnographic exercise of fishing for blue land crab ( Cardisoma ganhumi ) in the mangroves of Baía de Todos os Santos. Taking as a reference the ways of living and inhabiting this crustacean and the gaiamunzeiros that capture them as a fishing activity, it aims to describe the effects of neoextractivism in the fishing landscapes of the region. The intention is, on the one hand, to show practices, habitability and landscapes associated with blue land crab fishing and, on the other hand, to offer a description of conflicts and impacts arising from agropastoral and oil infrastructures in their territories and ways of life. Thus, the article also aims to contribute to the public debate on the regulatory framework for blue land crab fisheries, reinforcing the importance of the participation of gaiamunzeiros and quilombola artisanal fishermen in decision-making on the preservation of the species and protection of their living environments. Santos activity region hand practices life Thus fisheries decisionmaking decision making environments

RESUMO O objetive deste trabalho era criar um método de extração ecologicamente correto para a quitina e a quitosana extraídas do lagostim. A quitina sempre está presente com proteínas, minerais e outros componentes. Este estudo usou uma técnica nova e ecologicamente correta para a extração de quitina e quitosana. Lactobacillus lactis foi usado para a desproteinização e desmineralização da quitina em um único estágio por Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BB: extração biológico-biológica) para converter a quitina em quitosana. O BB é um método mais ecológico de produção de quitosana do que a desacetilação com NaOH (BC: extração biológico-química). A quitosana foi caracterizada por FTIR. Foi observado um alto grau de desacetilação (%). O espectro de UV para quitosana foi semelhante a 0,788, 0,415 e 1,150 para CC, BC e BB, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que a quitosana (BB) tem aplicações potenciais nos campos biomédicos, tais como atividade antioxidante, atividade anticancerígena contra o câncer de fígado humano (HepG2), câncer de mama (MCF-7) e linhas celulares de carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HCT). Os resultados em termos de tratamento de água e remoção de corantes usando quitosana (BB) são valiosos em termos de sua aplicação no tratamento de águas residuais industriais e demonstram que ela pode ser usada como biossorvente. lagostim proteínas componentes (BB biológicobiológica biológico biológica biológico-biológica (BC biológicoquímica. biológicoquímica química . biológico-química) FTIR %. % (%) 0788 0 788 0,788 0415 415 0,41 1150 1 150 1,15 CC respectivamente biomédicos antioxidante HepG2, HepG2 HepG , (HepG2) MCF7 MCF 7 (MCF-7 HCT. HCT (HCT) biossorvente biológico-química (% 078 78 0,78 041 41 0,4 115 15 1,1 (HepG2 (MCF- (HCT ( 07 0,7 04 4 0, 11 1, (HepG (MCF

ABSTRACT An eco-friendly method of extraction for chitin and chitosan extracted from crawfish was our goal. Chitin is always present with proteins, minerals, and other components. This study used an eco-accommodating, novel technique for chitin and chitosan extraction. Lactobacillus lactis was used for the deproteinization and demineralization of chitin in a single stage by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BB: biological-biological extraction) to convert chitin into chitosan. BB is a more environmentally friendly method of producing chitosan than deacetylation with NaOH (BC: biological-chemical extraction). Chitosan was characterized by FTIR. A high degree of deacetylation (%) was observed. The UV spectrum for chitosan was similar at 0.788, 0.415, and 1.150 for CC, BC, and BB, respectively. The results show that chitosan (BB) has potential applications in the biomedical fields such as antioxidant activity, anticancer activity against human liver cancer (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT) cell lines. The results in terms of water treatment and removal of dyes using chitosan (BB) are valuable in terms of its application in industrial wastewater treatment and demonstrate that it can be used as a biosorbent. ecofriendly eco goal proteins minerals components ecoaccommodating, ecoaccommodating accommodating, accommodating eco-accommodating (BB biologicalbiological biological BC (BC biologicalchemical chemical . FTIR % (% observed 0788 0 788 0.788 0415 415 0.415 1150 1 150 1.15 CC respectively HepG2, HepG2 HepG , (HepG2) MCF7 MCF 7 (MCF-7 HCT (HCT lines biosorbent ( 078 78 0.78 041 41 0.41 115 15 1.1 (HepG2 (MCF- 07 0.7 04 4 0.4 11 1. (HepG (MCF 0.

Resumo O camarão-da-amazônia ou Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) é amplamente distribuído na América do Sul, ocorrendo nos rios Orinoco e Amazonas, importante fonte renda de familias riberinhas. Esse camarão é hospedeiro de ectoparasitas crustáceos do gênero Probopyrus (Giard & Bonnier, 1888) (Bopyridae) que infestam a cavidade branquial da espécie. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de relatar novas ocorrências de ectopasitas do gênero Probopyrus no camarão-da-amazônia, capturados no rio Amazonas. Macrobrachium amazonicum foram coletados no período de maio de 2017 e abril de 2018, e novamente de julho de 2021 a maio de 2022, nas regiões da Ilha de Santana e Rio Mazagão, estado do Amapá, Brasil. Entre 5.179 exemplares de camarões capturados, 133 foram parasitados sendo quatro pelos ectoparasitas Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879), Probopyrus bithynis (Richardson, 1904), Probopyrus floridensis (Richardson, 1904) e Probopyrus palaemoni (Lemos de Castro & Brasil Lima, 1974). Registrado pela primeira vez a ocorrência no M. amazonicum por P. floridensis e P. palaemoni no litoral norte do Brasil. Esses quatro ectoparasitos não se limitam a espécies ou gêneros hospedeiros específicos, observados nesse estudo que relata quatro espécies de Probopyrus infestando M. amazonicum. camarãodaamazônia amazônia Heller, Heller (Heller 1862 Sul Amazonas riberinhas Giard Bonnier 1888 Bopyridae (Bopyridae espécie camarãodaamazônia, amazônia, 201 2018 202 2022 Mazagão Amapá 5179 5 179 5.17 13 Packard, Packard (Packard 1879, 1879 , 1879) Richardson, Richardson (Richardson 1904, 1904 Lemos Lima 1974. 1974 . 1974) M P específicos 186 188 20 517 17 5.1 1 187 190 197 18 2 51 5. 19

Abstract The Amazon prawn or Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) is widely distributed in South America, occurring in the Orinoco and Amazon rivers, and forms an important source of income for riverside families. This prawn hosts crustacean ectoparasites of the genus Probopyrus (Giard & Bonnier, 1888) (Bopyridae) that infest its gill cavity. The aim of the present study was to report new occurrences of Probopyrus in Amazon prawns caught in the Amazon River. Macrobrachium amazonicum prawns were collected between May 2017 and April 2018, and again from July 2021 to May 2022 in the regions of Ilha de Santana and Rio Mazagão, state of Amapá, Brazil. Among the 5,179 prawn specimens caught, 133 were parasitized by the ectoparasites Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879), Probopyrus bithynis (Richardson, 1904), Probopyrus floridensis (Richardson, 1904) and Probopyrus palaemoni (Lemos de Castro & Brasil Lima, 1974). These occurrences of P. floridensis and P. palaemoni in M. amazonicum were the first records of this on the northern coast of Brazil. These four ectoparasites are not limited to specific host species or genera, as observed in this study, which reports four species of Probopyrus infesting M. amazonicum. Heller, Heller (Heller 1862 America rivers families Giard Bonnier 1888 Bopyridae (Bopyridae cavity River 201 2018 202 Mazagão Amapá Brazil 5179 5 179 5,17 13 Packard, Packard (Packard 1879, 1879 , 1879) Richardson, Richardson (Richardson 1904, 1904 Lemos Lima 1974. 1974 . 1974) P M genera 186 188 20 517 17 5,1 1 187 190 197 18 2 51 5, 19

Abstract Fish parasites are an important part of aquatic biodiversity and knowing these species and their interactions with their hosts helps in monitoring the aquatic biota. The present study investigated the ectoparasite crustacean fauna of ten fish species from the upper Araguari River, in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. A total of 508 fish were collected and analyzed from July to November 2014, of which 82.6% (109) were parasitized by one or more crustacean ectoparasite species. In the ten host fish species, a total of 308 ectoparasite specimens were collected, from 12 taxa, such as Argulus multicolor Stekhoven, 1937, Argulus spinulosus Silva, 1980, Argulus sp.1, Argulus sp.2, Argulus sp.3, Dipteropeltis sp., Dipteropeltis hirundo Calman, 1912, Dolops bidentata Bouvier, 1899, Dolops striata Bouvier, 1899 (Argulidae), Braga fluviatilis Richardson, 1911, Braga amapaensis Thatcher, 1996 (Cymothoidae) and Excorallana berbicensis Boone, 1918 (Corallanidae). Higher levels of prevalence and abundance were recorded for Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, 1847) and Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850, respectively. These ectoparasites were found in the fins, integument, mouth, and anus of the host fish. Argulus sp.2 and D. bidentata were the most abundant parasites (65.1%), and had the highest species richness. This study registered 36 novel host-parasite interactions, and thus represents a new record for all host species here examined. biota River Amapá Brazil 50 2014 826 82 6 82.6 109 (109 30 1 taxa Stekhoven 1937 Silva 1980 sp1 sp sp.1 sp2 2 sp3 3 sp.3 sp. Calman 1912 Bouvier 189 Argulidae, Argulidae , (Argulidae) Richardson 1911 Thatcher 199 Cymothoidae (Cymothoidae Boone 191 Corallanidae. Corallanidae . (Corallanidae) Valenciennes (Valenciennes 1847 1850 respectively fins integument mouth D 65.1%, 651 65.1% 65 (65.1%) richness hostparasite parasite examined 5 201 8 82. 10 (10 193 198 18 (Argulidae 19 (Corallanidae 184 185 65.1 (65.1% 20 (1 65. (65.1 ( (65. (65 (6

Abstract. Pleuroncodes monodon is 1 of the 3 species sustaining the demersal crustacean fisheries in Chile, with landings that have had strong variations and a very slow recovery in the past decade. The southern fishing unit has been in the recovery status since 2017, following several years of intense overfishing, which affected the reproductive potential and the geographical distribution of the stock. In this study, fishing haul information from 14 direct evaluation surveys of P. monodon were used to estimate, by using geostatistics, the density of the reproductive potential of the female stock in central and southern Chile (32.0° S to 37.0° S) from 2005 to 2018. The annual mean potential eggs was estimated at 78,055.0 million potential eggs, with a mean density of 74.0 million eggs per square kilometer. Two areas of aggregation of the reproductive potential are recognized, one between 33.5° S and 34.5° S (northern zone) and the other between 35.5° S and 36.5° S (southern zone). The mean density of potential eggs was higher in the northern zone than in the southern zone, although in the southern zone there were foci with values close to 100 million eggs per square kilometer, which was not the case for the northern zone. The P. monodon population comes from a single breeding area located in the southern zone. In the 2008-2012 period, the female stock showed a net migration of 226.4 km northward (from 36°20ʹ52.5ʺ S to 34°18ʹ39.1ʺ S), although it was later reduced southward by the fishing pressure.

Resumen. Pleuroncodes monodon es 1 de las 3 especies que sustentan las pesquerías demersales de crustáceos en Chile, con niveles de desembarque que han mostrado amplias variaciones y una muy lenta recuperación en la última década. La unidad de pesquería sur se encuentra en estado de recuperación desde 2017, después de una intensa sobrepesca, la que afectó tanto al potencial reproductivo como a la distribución geográfica del stock. En el presente estudio, se usó información de lances de pesca de 14 campañas de evaluación directa de P. monodon para estimar la densidad del potencial reproductivo del stock de hembras en el periodo 2005-2018 en la zona centro-sur (32.0° S a 37.0° S) de Chile mediante un análisis geoestadístico. El promedio anual de huevos potenciales se estimó en 78,055.0 millones de huevos potenciales, con una densidad promedio de 74.0 millones de huevos por kilómetro cuadrado. Se reconocieron 2 zonas de agregación del potencial reproductivo, una entre 33.5° S y 34.5° S (zona norte) y otra entre 35.5° S y 36.5° S (zona sur). La densidad promedio de huevos potenciales fue mayor en la zona norte que en la zona sur, aunque en la zona sur se localizaron focos con máximos cercanos a 100 millones de huevos por kilómetro cuadrado, lo que no ocurrió en la zona norte. La población de P. monodon proviene de una sola área de cría, ubicada en la zona sur. En el periodo de 2008 a 2012, el stock de hembras presentó una migración neta con rumbo norte de casi 226.4 km (desde 36°20ʹ52.5ʺ S hasta 34°18ʹ39.1ʺ S), aunque posteriormente se redujo con rumbo norte-sur por la presión pesquera.

ABSTRACT Background: Sustainable food additives used as diet supplements can have beneficial effects on crustacean growth and immunity. Aims. Characterize the inclusion of oligofructosacharides as immunostimulating additives in Penaeus vannamei shrimp culture. Development: Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that bring benefits to the host, stimulating growth and/or the activity of certain groups of bacteria in the digestive tract selectively. Prebiotics are food additives studied as potential growth promoters in aquatic organisms. In aquaculture, both diet FOS and ScFOS have gained increasing interest due to their growth-promoting factors in several aquatic species, including decapod crustaceans. The effect of several concentrations of frutoolisacharide (FOS) additives in the food stimulates the immune system of these crustaceans, as well as the microbiota, and can be important tools to boost the immune system. Conclusions: The utilization of fructooligosaccharides as immunostimulating additives in P. vannamei shrimp culture, improves their physiological state thanks to positive changes in the microbiota, and consequently, the displacement of pathogenic microorganisms. It also enhances innate immune response mechanisms through cell response stimulation, particularly an increase in the number of enzymes in the immune system, and greater microbial recognition in lectin titers.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los suplementos dietéticos de aditivos alimentarios sostenibles como los prebióticos pueden tener efectos beneficiosos sobre el crecimiento y el sistema inmune de crustáceos. Objetivo. Caracterizar el uso de fructooligosacáridos como aditivos inmunoestimulante en el cultivo del camarón Penaeus vannamei. Desarrollo: Los prebióticos son, ingredientes alimentarios no digeribles que afectan benéficamente al hospedero estimulando selectivamente el crecimiento y/o la actividad de un determinado grupo de bacterias benéficas en el tracto digestivo. Los prebióticos son uno de los aditivos alimentarios que se encuentran bajo estudio para mejorar de manera potencial en el crecimiento de los organismos acuáticos. En acuicultura, tanto FOS dietéticos como ScFOS han ganado mucho interés debido a sus factores promotores del crecimiento en varias especies acuáticas, entre ellos los crustáceos decápodos. Los efectos de los aditivos dietéticos de fructooligosacáridos (FOS) a varias concentraciones estimulan el sistema inmune de estos crustáceos, así como la microbiota, pueden ser importantes herramientas para potenciar el sistema inmune. Conclusiones: El empleo de los fructooligosacáridos como aditivos inmunoestimulantes en el cultivo de los camarones P. vannamei mejora su estado fisiológico debido a los cambios beneficiosos en la microbiota y en consecuencia el desplazamiento de microorganismos patógenos y potencia los mecanismos de la respuesta inmunológica innata por medio de la estimulación respuesta celular, específicamente un aumento de enzimas del sistema inmune y un mayor reconocimiento microbiano estimulación en los títulos de lectinas.

Resumen El quitosano es un polímero que se obtiene a partir de subproductos de crustáceos, el cual posee propiedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas e inmunoestimulantes que pueden ser aprovechadas para la promoción del crecimiento en aves de corral sin alterar su estado de salud. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión dietética de quitosano (0.55 % y 0.65 %) sobre el comportamiento productivo y los parámetros hematológicos en pollitas Rhode Island Red. Se utilizaron 45 pollitas con un peso promedio de 36 ± 7.8 g, las cuales fueron alojadas en jaulas de 1.0 m2 (5 animales/jaula). Las pollitas fueron alimentadas por 21 días con dietas con diferentes inclusiones de quitosano: 1) dieta testigo (tipo comercial), 2) dieta testigo + quitosano al 0.55 % (CH55), 3) dieta testigo + quitosano al 0.65 % (CH65). Al final del ensayo de alimentación, el crecimiento, el índice de conversión alimentaria (ICA), la biometría hemática y bioquímica sanguínea fueron analizados. La suplementación dietética con quitosano incrementó el peso final de las pollitas y hasta 27 % la ganancia diaria de peso (P<0.05), en comparación con el tratamiento testigo. El ICA no mostró cambios significativos con la suplementación de quitosano. La concentración de glucosa en sangre incrementó con la adición de quitosano a la dieta (P<0.05). Las variables de colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol VLDL, triglicéridos, proteína total y la biometría hemática no mostraron cambios significativos (P>0.05). Se concluye que la adición de quitosano en ambas dosis favorece el crecimiento sin alterar el estado de salud de las pollitas.

Abstract Chitosan is a polymer obtained from crustacean byproducts, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunostimulant properties that can be used to promote growth in poultry without altering their health status. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of chitosan (0.55 % and 0.65 %) on productive behavior and hematological parameters in Rhode Island Red pullets. Forty-five pullets with an average weight of 36 ± 7.8 g were used, which were housed in cages of 1.0 m2 (5 animals/cage). The pullets were fed for 21 days with diets with different inclusions of chitosan: 1) control diet (commercial type), 2) control diet + 0.55 % chitosan (CH55), 3) control diet + 0.65 % chitosan (CH65). At the end of the feeding trial, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood biometry and blood biochemistry were analyzed. Dietary supplementation with chitosan increased the final weight of the pullets and, by up to 27 %, the daily weight gain (P<0.05), compared to the control treatment. The FCR showed no significant changes with chitosan supplementation. Blood glucose concentration increased with the addition of chitosan to the diet (P<0.05). The variables of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and blood biometry showed no significant changes (P>0.05). It is concluded that the addition of chitosan in both doses favors growth without altering the health status of the pullets.

Abstract. Tagetes erecta L. (var. Marvel orange) a plant native to Mexico with traditional (used in religious ceremonies, as antiparasitic, insecticide, etc.) and industrial uses (flour of young flowers is used as food supplement in chicken and crustacean farms for its high content of carotenoids). Currently, there is great interest in achieving stable genetic transformation of this species with genes of agricultural interest; thus, the objective of this work was to optimize a protocol for stable transformation of T. erecta L. Shoot-tips from in vitro seedlings were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA 2301. Regeneration of transformed seedlings was performed in the presence of 50 mg·L-1 kanamycin. Stable genetic transformation of plantlets was demonstrated through positive GUS staining in leaves and flowers. PCR analysis detected the presence of a 600 bp fragment of the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene in the genomic DNA from regenerated seedlings. Transformation frequency was 40 %. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the second report of a successful stable transformation of T. erecta L. plants with GUS reporter via A. tumefaciens. This transformation protocol can be used to introduce genes in T. erecta L. to manipulate the isoprenoids biosynthetic pathways.

Resumen. Tagetes erecta L. (var. naranja Marvel) es una planta originaria de México con usos tradicionales (utilizada en ceremonias religiosas, como antiparasitario, insecticida, etc.) e industriales (la harina de flores jóvenes se usa como complemento alimenticio en granjas de pollos y crustáceos por su alto contenido en carotenoides). Actualmente, existe un gran interés en lograr la transformación genética estable de esta especie con genes de interés agrícola; por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar un protocolo para la transformación estable de T. erecta L. Las puntas de brotes de plántulas in vitro se transformaron con la cepa LBA4404 de Agrobacterium tumefaciens que lleva el vector binario pCAMBIA 2301. La regeneración de las plántulas transformadas se realizó en presencia de 50 mg·L-1 de kanamicina. La transformación genética estable de las plántulas se demostró mediante tinción positiva de GUS en hojas y flores. Los análisis de PCR detectaron la presencia de un fragmento de 600 pb del gen de la neomicina fosfotransferasa II (NPTII) en el ADN genómico de las plántulas regeneradas. La frecuencia de transformación fue del 40 %. Hasta donde sabemos, este trabajo es el segundo reporte de una transformación estable exitosa de plantas de T. erecta L. con el gen reportero GUS a través de A. tumefaciens. Este protocolo de transformación se puede utilizar para introducir genes en T. erecta L., para manipular las rutas de biosíntesis de isoprenoides.

ABSTRACT. The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that plays a central role in crustacean metabolism and physiology. Experiments were conducted to examine the metabolic and osmoionic capabilities of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei injected with its recombinant CHH-A (rCHHA) peptide and acutely transferred from iso- (26 ppt) to hypo- (10 ppt) and hyper-osmotic (40 ppt) conditions. Hemolymph glucose, protein, osmoregulatory capacity (OC), and ionoregulatory capacity (IC) for sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium were evaluated at four post-injection times (0.5, 1, 2, and 24 h). The rCHH-A peptide had hyperglycemic activity in all salinity conditions, obtaining maximum values at 1 h post-injection. However, in shrimp transferred to hyper-osmotic condition, rCHH-A caused the most significant reductions in OC (2 h), chloride IC (2 h), and total proteins (0.5-2 h) compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Contrastingly, in shrimp transferred to hypo-osmotic conditions, rCHH-A decreased OC significantly from 2-24 h, strongly decreased chloride and potassium IC at 1 h post-injection, and increased total protein concentration in the hemolymph (1-2 h) when compared to PBS control. Concerning calcium, the rCHH-A injection decreased calcium IC at 10 ppt (1 h) and 26 ppt (2 h), providing insight into a potential role for CHHA in calcium regulation. The results suggest that glucose and protein mobilization could enhance energy for osmo-ionic regulation under extreme osmotic conditions. This research study contributed to understanding crustacean endocrinology in P. vannamei and related euryhaline crustaceans. Further research should be performed to understand the osmo- and ionoregulatory mechanisms of the different CHH variants in crustaceans exposed to other stress conditions and the relationship with intermediary energy metabolism regulation.

Abstract This review surveyed information on Caligus Müller, 1785 to identify global infestation patterns and geographic distribution in teleost fishes, as well as physiological and histopathological data and description of treatment strategies. A total 990 samples of Caligus spp. (N = 212 species) obtained of 233 scientific papers on farmed and wild teleost species from 99 families and 30 orders were used, and the highest number of occurrences was on Carangidae. Caligus spp. was predominantly found in marine environments, and only Caligus lacustris and Caligus epidemicus were found in teleost fish of freshwater environments. There was a high prevalence of Caligus spp. on hosts and infestation occurred predominantly in both the tegument and the gills. Caligus species are distributed across different countries and some particularities were identified and discussed. Caligus elongatus and Caligus bonito bonito had the broadest geographic distribution. Histomorphological and hematological disorders caused by infestation by Caligus spp. were reported and discussed, as well as chemotherapeutic products used for controlling and treating the infestations. Variation in the distribution and geographic patterns of Caligus spp. were little evident in many ecosystems and due to the limited data on the infestation of these sea lice on teleost populations in different regions. Müller 178 fishes strategies spp N 21 23 9 3 Carangidae environments gills discussed infestations regions 17 2 1

ABSTRACT. Edible brachyurans are recognized as a popular source of food due to their delicious taste and nutritional quality. This study investigated the nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared Cardisoma armatum. The plastic-reared crab had 27.81 ± 2.29 g 100 g-1 protein while crab from the wild contained 22.45 ± 2.65 g 100 g-1 protein. The difference in protein content of plastic-reared and its counterpart from the mangrove swamp was not significantly different (p > 0.05). This is also true of other proximate composition except that wild crabs were slightly higher in both crude fat (2.68 ± 0.35 g 100 g-1) and carbohydrate (5.89 ± 3.05 g 100 g-1). Generally, the total energy contributed due to protein, carbohydrate and fat in the tissues of both wild and plastic-reared C. armatum are similar. In the wild crab, contents of calcium (16083.27 ± 2127.90 mg 100 g-1) and phosphorus (1191.42 ± 199.21) were relatively higher, while contents of magnesium (368.69 ± 111.05 mg 100 g-1), sodium (125.30 ± 11.18 mg 100 g-1) and potassium (87.36 ± 7.27 mg 100 g-1) were relatively higher in plastic-reared crabs. All significant mineral ratios in wild and plastic-reared C. amartum fall within acceptable range. The positive relationship in the nutritional quality indicates that changes in proximate composition are associated with changes in mineral contents of the crab tissue. ABSTRACT plasticreared plastic reared 2781 27 81 27.8 229 2 29 2.2 10 g1 1 g- 2245 22 45 22.4 265 65 2.6 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 2.68 268 68 (2.6 035 35 0.3 5.89 589 5 89 (5.8 305 3 3.0 g1. Generally C similar 16083.27 1608327 16083 (16083.2 212790 2127 90 2127.9 1191.42 119142 1191 42 (1191.4 199.21 19921 199 21 368.69 36869 368 69 (368.6 11105 111 111.0 g1, , 125.30 12530 125 30 (125.3 1118 11 18 11.1 87.36 8736 87 36 (87.3 727 7 7.2 range tissue 278 8 27. 2. 224 4 22. 26 6 00 0.0 (2. 03 0. 5.8 58 (5. 3. 16083.2 160832 1608 (16083. 21279 212 9 2127. 1191.4 11914 119 (1191. 199.2 1992 19 368.6 3686 (368. 1110 111. 125.3 1253 12 (125. 11. 87.3 873 (87. 72 7. (2 5. (5 16083. 160 (16083 1191. (1191 199. 368. (368 125. (125 87. (87 ( 16 (1608 (119 (36 (12 (8 (160 (11 (3 (1 (16

Abstract: Aim In this study, we investigated the effects of secondary PET microplastics (< 53 µm) on the Daphnia similis basic life-history parameters survival, age at first reproduction and total offspring number. We also analyzed D. similis enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase) at sub-effect concentrations. Methods We performed acute and chronic toxicity tests using six PET microplastics concentrations (0, 102, 103, 104, 105 and 106 part. mL-1). We also applied an exposure test to analyze superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities at sub-effect concentrations. Results D. similis mortality increased (LC50 = 1 x 105 part. mL-1), reproduction decreased (EC50 = 105 part. mL-1) and time to first offspring was delayed by 5 days at the highest microplastic concentration after 21 days exposure. Neither mortality nor alterations in superoxide dismutase, catalase or glutathione-S-transferase activities were detected after 48 h exposure. Microplastics adhered to D. similis body appendages, causing altered swimming behavior. Conclusions Lack of acute toxicity but occurrence of chronic effects serve as a warning for caution when concluding about microplastics non-toxicity in short-term tests. Microplastics had unexpected effects with important ecological implications. Our results contribute to fill the knowledge gaps on the effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic ecosystems, especially under long-term exposure. Abstract study < ( µm lifehistory life history survival number D dismutase glutathioneStransferase glutathione S transferase subeffect sub effect 0, 0 (0 102 103 104 10 part mL1. mL1 mL . LC50 LC (LC5 mL1, , EC50 EC (EC5 mL-1 2 4 appendages behavior nontoxicity non shortterm short term implications ecosystems longterm long LC5 (LC EC5 (EC mL-

Resumo: Objetivo Neste estudo, nós investigamos os efeitos de microplásticos secundários de PET (< 53 µm) nos parâmetros básicos da história de vida de Daphnia similis sobrevivência, idade na primeira reprodução e número total de descendentes. Nós também analisamos a atividade enzimática de D. similis (superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa-S-transferase) em concentrações de sub-efeito. Métodos Realizamos testes toxicológicos agudos e crônicos usando seis concentrações de microplásticos PET (0, 102, 103, 104, 105 e 106 part. mL-1). Também aplicamos um teste de exposição para analisar a atividade da superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa-S-transferase em concentrações de sub-efeito. Resultados A mortalidade de D. similis aumentou (CL50 = 1 x 105 part. mL-1), a reprodução reduziu (CE50 = 105 part. mL-1) e o tempo para a primeira prole foi atrasado em 5 dias na maior concentração de microplástico após 21 dias de exposição. Não foram identificadas mortalidade nem alterações na atividade da superóxido dismutase, catalase ou glutationa-S-transferase após 48 h de exposição. Os microplásticos se aderiram aos apêndices corporais de D. similis, causando alterado comportamento natatório. Conclusões A ausência de toxicidade aguda e a ocorrência de toxicidade crônica alertam para cautela ao concluir sobre a não toxicidade dos microplásticos em testes de curto prazo. Os microplásticos apresentaram efeitos inesperados com implicações ecológicas importantes. Nossos resultados contribuem para preencher as lacunas de conhecimento sobre os efeitos da poluição microplástica nos ecossistemas aquáticos, especialmente sob exposição a longo prazo. Resumo estudo < ( µm sobrevivência descendentes D dismutase glutationaStransferase glutationa S transferase subefeito. subefeito sub efeito. efeito sub-efeito 0, 0 (0 102 103 104 10 part mL1. mL1 mL . CL50 CL (CL5 mL1, , CE50 CE (CE5 mL-1 2 4 natatório prazo importantes aquáticos CL5 (CL CE5 (CE mL-

Abstract Five anomuran and one brachyuran species collected from continental shelf and slope off southern Brazil have their geographic ranges considerably extended southward: Neolithodes agassizii (Smith), Paguristes spectabilis McLaughlin and Provenzano, Pagurus heblingi Nucci and Melo, Phimochirus occlusus (Henderson), Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, and the brachyuran Euchirograpsus antillensis Türkay. Pagurus heblingi was previously known only from its type locality (off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro) and from off Espírito Santo. Paguristes spectabilis was known only from the holotype (off Trinidad, Caribbean Sea) and two additional females from off Rio de Janeiro. One female was found of the brachyuran Robertsella meridionalis Tavares and Gouvêa, a species previously known only from two males. Additionally, the occurrence of the hermit crabs Dardanus venosus (H. Milne Edwards) and Oncopagurus gracilis (Henderson), and the brachyuran Hexapanopeus paulensis Rathbun are confirmed for Santa Catarina. The record of the brachyuran Neopilumnoplax americana (Rathbun) from Santa Catarina (27°S) probably actually refers to Neopilumnoplax lipkeholthuisi Tavares and Melo, a species described from Rio Grande do Sul (33°S) and Mar del Plata (37°S). southward Smith, Smith , (Smith) Provenzano Melo Henderson, Henderson (Henderson) A MilneEdwards, MilneEdwards Edwards, Edwards Milne-Edwards Türkay Frio Janeiro Santo Trinidad Sea Gouvêa males Additionally H. H (H (Rathbun 27°S 27S S 27 (27°S 33°S 33S 33 (33°S 37°S. 37S 37°S . 37 (37°S) (Smith (Henderson 2 3 (37°S