Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a disease characterized by episodes of diarrhea in cattle worldwide, caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. of the phylum Apicomplexa and Family Cryptosporiidae. It is responsible for important economic losses, and, in addition to this, it generates an impact on human health, as it can parasitize humans. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Chiquinquirá (Colombia). A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out, with a sample size of 1,044 head of cattle, including males and females of different breeds and age groups, using the WinEpi statistical software. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and processed with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique for the identification of parasite oocysts using a 100X objective. The data were processed with the Epi Info® statistical software. An overall prevalence of 7.3 % (73/1000) was found; females, 2 to 4-yr-old bovines, and crossbred cattle were the most prevalent. No significant statistical association was found between breed, age, and sex of the individuals evaluated, and protozoan positivity (P≥0.05). The purchase of animals and larger productions were considered risk factors for parasitosis. Protozoan prevention and control plans should be designed and implemented based on sanitary practices to prevent the dissemination of oocysts found in fecal matter.

Resumen La criptosporidiosis en una enfermedad que se caracteriza por generar episodios de diarrea en bovinos alrededor del mundo causada por un parásito protozoario del género Cryptosporidium spp. del phylum Apicomplexa y Familia Cryptosporiidae. Es responsable de importantes pérdidas económicas, y sumado a esto, genera un impacto en la salud humana, al poseer la capacidad de parasitar a humanos. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptosporidium spp. en bovinos de Chiquinquirá (Colombia). Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple, en donde se tuvo en cuenta un tamaño muestral de 1,044 bovinos, entre machos y hembras, de diferentes razas, y grupos etarios con el programa estadístico WinEpi. Las muestras de materia fecal se tomaron directamente del recto y procesadas mediante la técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada (ZN) para la identificación de ooquistes del parásito en el objetivo de 100X. Los datos se procesaron con el programa estadístico Epi Info®. Se encontró una prevalencia general del 7.3 % (73/1000), las hembras, los bovinos de 2 a 4 años y los cruces raciales fueron los más prevalentes. No se encontró asociación estadística significativa entre la raza, edad y sexo de los individuos evaluados, y la positividad al protozoario (P≥0,05). La compra de animales y las producciones de mayor tamaño se consideraron como factores de riesgo para la parasitosis. Se deben diseñar e implementar planes de prevención y control del protozoario basados en prácticas sanitarias que impidan la diseminación de los ooquistes que se encuentran en materia fecal.

Resumen Objetivo. Desarrollar un Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), en granjas ganaderas con manejo rotacional del pastizal según composición botánica. Materiales y métodos: Se compararon granjas lecheras de Cotopaxi, a 2800- 3590 msnm. Granja 1: carga de 1 y 1,2 UA/ha, con 50% de Llantén (Plantago lanceolata), 50% de Trébol blanco (Trifolium repens). Granja 2: Carga de 1 y 1,2 UA/ha, 85 % de Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-15% Trébol blanco (Trifolium repens). Granja 3: Carga de 1 y 2,1 UA/ha, 33 % de Ryegrass-33% Llantén-34% de Trébol blanco. Se usó fertilización, balanceado y animales Holstein tipos mestizo, neozelandés y norteamericano y reposo del pasto. Resultados: Hubo diferencias en uso de la tierra, coincidente en granjas 1 y 3, en mano de obra familiar. En la Granja 1, el reposo fue 15 a 28 días y FDN de 47,38 a 28,03 y 1,96 a 2,45 Mcal de energía y en 3, valores de Energía Metabolizable de 1,99 a 40 día y 2,11 a 35 días, menos leche/vaca que 3 y superior a 1. En producción de leche/ha, las granjas 1 y 3 superiores con 24 kg vs 19 kg. Esto fue positivo en ACV en esas granjas. Existió potencial para convertir más energía del sistema a productos. Conclusión: En el ACV, se encontró coincidencia con indicadores de sistemas especializados en producción de leche, balances de nitrógeno, energía y sus relaciones con el ambiente y emisiones, aunque se puede recuperar eficiencia con mejoras al manejo y sin insumos extras a la granja.

Abstract Aim. Develop a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in livestock farms with rotational management of the pasture according to botanical composition. Materials and methods: Dairy farms from Cotopaxi, at 2800-3590 meters above sea level, were compared. Farm 1: load of 1 and 1.2 AU/ha, with 50% Plantain (Plantago lanceolata), 50% White Clover (Trifolium repens). Farm 2: Load of 1 and 1.2 AU/ha, 85% Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-15% White clover (Trifolium repens). Farm 3: Load of 1 and 2.1 AU/ha, 33% Ryegrass-33% Plantain-34% White Clover. Fertilization, balancing and crossbred, New Zealand and North American type Holstein animals and grass rest were used. Results: There were differences in land use, coinciding in farms 1 and 3, in family labor. On Farm 1, rest was 15 to 28 days and NDF from 47.38 to 28.03 and 1.96 to 2.45 Mcal of energy and in 3, Metabolizable Energy values from 1.99 to 40 days and 2 .11 to 35 days, less milk/cow than 3 and higher than 1. In milk production/ha, farms 1 and 3 higher with 24 kg vs 19 kg. This was positive for ACV on those farms. There was potential to convert more of the system's energy into products. Conclusion: In the LCA, a coincidence was found with indicators of specialized systems in milk production, nitrogen balances, energy and their relationships with the environment and emissions, although efficiency can be recovered with improvements in management and without extra inputs to the farm.

ABSTRACT The effect of four harvest ages (90, 120, 150 and 180 days) on the aerial biomass yield and chemical composition of rapeseed was evaluated, as well as its use as a hay supplement for dairy cows grazing at an altitude of 3279 m. Forage yield and its chemical composition were evaluated in 16 plots, 4 per treatment, according to a randomized complete block design. The harvested rapeseed biomass was hayed and chopped to 1 cm in length, supplied daily at a rate of 3 kg per cow. Sixteen crossbred and multiparous Holstein cows were distributed in four treatments that consisted of hays made according to harvest age. Milk production per cow was recorded for six weeks. Total solids, fat, protein, and lactose were determined in the last week of the study. As rapeseed age increased, forage biomass and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased, and crude protein concentration decreased; however, milk production and its milk components were not affected by the supplementation of the four types of hay, except for rapeseed hay harvested at 90 days of age, which increased the milk protein content.

RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro edades de cosecha (90, 120, 150 y 180 días) sobre el rendimiento de biomasa aérea y composición química de la colza, así como su uso como suplemento henificado para vacas lecheras en pastoreo a 3279 msnm. El rendimiento forrajero y la composición química se evalúo en 16 parcelas, 4 por tratamiento, de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques completos al azar. La biomasa de colza cosechada fue henificada y picada a 1 cm de longitud, suministrada diariamente a razón de 3 kg por vaca. Dieciséis vacas Holstein cruzadas y multíparas se distribuyeron en cuatro tratamientos que consistieron en henos elaborados de acuerdo con la edad de cosecha. La producción de leche por vaca se registró durante seis semanas. Los sólidos totales, grasa, proteína y lactosa se determinaron en la última semana del estudio. A medida que la edad de la colza fue mayor se incrementó la biomasa forrajera y la fibra detergente neutra (FDN), y disminuyó la concentración de proteína cruda; sin embargo, la producción de leche y sus componentes lácteos no se vieron afectados por la suplementación de los cuatro tipos de heno, con excepción del heno de colza cosechada a 90 días de edad, que incrementó el contenido de proteína láctea.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisas científicas sobre a ovinocultura nas condições da região de Aqmola. O experimento foi conduzido em ovinos cazaques raça pura de cauda curta e lã grossa, em comparação com ovinos mestiços obtidos a partir do cruzamento industrial de fêmeas cazaques de cauda curta e lã grossa com ovinos da raça Hampshire. Ademais, o presente artigo apresenta os resultados da alimentação e engorda, bem como a composição morfológica da carcaça de ovelhas cazaques da raça de lã grossa de diferentes idades. O objeto deste estudo relativo à alimentação e engorda se resumiu a três grupos experimentais de ovinos da raça supramencionada, onde alimentos compostos foram incluídos na dieta do Grupo Experimental I sob a forma de cobertura, enquanto no Grupo Experimental II foram também utilizados resíduos de cereais para a forragem e o Grupo de Controle foi mantido em um regime de alimentação sem cobertura. Com base no estudo da alimentação de ovinos experimentais, verificou-se que o crescimento absoluto durante o período de alimentação em ovinos experimentais que receberam fertilização sob a forma de alimentos compostos é superior aos seus pares em 0,2 e 1,49 kg, respectivamente. Em termos de composição morfológica e varietal, particularmente quanto ao número de cortes superiores, observou-se também uma vantagem de ovinos experimentais que receberam fertilização sob a forma de alimentos compostos em comparação com seus pares em 2,3-8,3%, respectivamente. Em geral, os resultados do estudo sobre as características de crescimento, desenvolvimento e abate de ovinos experimentais, ou seja, tanto da raça pura cazaque de cauda curta e lã grossa quanto da raça mestiça obtida a partir do cruzamento com produtores de ovinos precoces da raça Hampshire, obtiveram estes resultados desde o momento do nascimento até o segundo e quarto mês de vida. Por exemplo, os resultados dos ovinos mestiços foram ligeiramente superiores quando comparados aos seus pares de raça pura em relação aos indicadores aqui estudados. Específicamente a respeito dos resultados da alimentação de ovelhas cazaques de lã grossa e cauda larga de 4 a 6 meses, de acordo com a cobertura utilizada. Aqmola Hampshire Ademais idades supramencionada verificouse verificou 02 0 2 0, 149 1 49 1,4 kg respectivamente varietal observouse observou 2,38,3%, 2383 2,3 8,3%, 3 8 2,3-8,3% geral seja vida exemplo estudados meses utilizada 14 1, 38 2,38,3% 238 23 2, 83 8,3% 2,3-8,3 2,38,3 8,3 2,3-8, 2,38, 8, 2,3-8 2,38 2,3-

Abstract The article presents the results of scientific research on the production of lamb in the conditions of the Akmola region. The experiment was conducted on purebred Kazakh short-tailed rough-haired and cross-bred sheep obtained from industrial crossing of Kazakh short-tailed rough-haired queens with sheep- producers of the hampshire breed. Further, the article presents the results of feeding and fattening, as well as the morphological composition of the carcass of sheep of the Kazakh coarse-haired sheep breed of different ages. The object of the study for feeding and fattening were three groups of experimental sheep of the above-mentioned breed, where compound feed was included in the diet of the I experimental group in the form of top dressing, in the II experimental group, grain waste was also used for top dressing, and the control group was kept in the feed without top dressing. Based on the study of the feeding of experimental sheep, it was found that the absolute increase during the feeding period in experimental sheep who received fertilization in the form of compound feed is higher than in their peers, respectively, by 0.2 and 1.49 kg. In terms of morphological and varietal composition, in particular, the number of cuts of grade 1, there was also an advantage of experimental sheep that received fertilization in the form of compound feed compared to their peers, respectively, by 2.3-8.3%. In general, the results of a study on the growth, development and slaughter qualities of experimental sheep, i.e. purebred Kazakh short-tailed rough-haired and crossbred, obtained from crossing with sheep producers of the precocious breed "hampshire" showed that from the moment of birth to 2 and 4 months. For example, crossbred sheep were slightly superior to purebred peers in terms of the studied indicators. In particular, the results of feeding sheep of the Kazakh coarse-haired broad-tailed breed from 4 to 6 months, depending on the top dressing. region shorttailed short tailed roughhaired rough haired cross bred Further coarsehaired coarse ages abovementioned above mentioned dressing respectively 02 0 0. 149 1 49 1.4 kg particular 2.38.3%. 2383 2.3 8.3%. 3 8 2.3-8.3% general growth ie i e i.e "hampshire months example indicators broadtailed broad 14 1. 38 2.38.3% 238 23 2. 83 8.3% 2.3-8.3 2.38.3 8.3 2.3-8. 2.38. 8. 2.3-8 2.38 2.3-

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, morphometric traits, and the primal and sub primal cuts of Santa Inês lamb carcasses and their crossbreds with Dorper rams finished in feedlot. Thirty uncastrated lambs of the following genetic groups were used: 10 Santa Inês, 10 ½Dorper + ½Santa Inês and 10 –Dorper + ¼Santa Inês at 115 days of age averaging 20kg of live body weight. The experiment period was 53 days, preceded by seven days for adaptation. The carcasses of the Dorper crossbred lambs had higher carcass weight and yield, as well as larger thorax and rump width, and larger thorax, rump, and leg perimeter. The carcasses of the Dorper crossbred lambs also showed greater weight for all primal and sub primal carcass cuts, except for the neck. The lamb carcasses of Santa Inês had higher yields of shoulder and neck primal cuts and the carcasses of Dorper crossbred lambs showed higher loin yield. The carcasses of the crossbred lambs had higher yield of sirloin, rump steak, and frenched rack cap. The genetic group influences the linear and circular measures of the lamb carcasses and the weight of primal and sub primal cuts. traits feedlot used 1 11 kg 5 adaptation width perimeter sirloin steak cap

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento, as características morfométricas e os cortes primários e secundários da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês e de suas cruzas com reprodutores Dorper terminados em confinamento. Trinta cordeiros foram utilizados dos seguintes grupos: 10 Santa Inês, 10 ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês e 10 – Dorper + ¼ Santa Inês, que apresentaram, no início do experimento, 115 dias de idade média e 20kg de peso vivo médio. O período experimental foi de 53 dias, precedidos de sete dias para adaptação. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços Dorper tiveram maiores pesos e rendimentos, bem como maiores larguras do tórax e da garupa e maiores perímetros do tórax, da garupa e da perna. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços Dorper também apresentaram maiores pesos para os cortes primários e secundários da carcaça, exceto para o corte do pescoço. As carcaças dos cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram maiores rendimentos de cortes primários de paleta e pescoço, e as carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços apresentaram maior rendimento do lombo. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços obtiveram maiores rendimentos de picanha, lombo e carré francês. O grupo genético influencia medidas lineares e circulares da carcaça de cordeiros e o peso dos cortes primários e secundários. Objetivouse Objetivou se confinamento grupos 1 experimento 11 kg médio 5 adaptação perna pescoço picanha francês

Abstract The impact of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI in beef cows has received limited investigation, especially concerning its association with estrus expression. Consequently, two experiments were conducted to assess the potential of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI to enhance fertility according to the expression or not of estrus in beef cows. Experiment 1 aimed to determine ovulation rate and luteal function, while Experiment 2 aimed to determine the effect of the two GnRH treatment approaches on pregnancy rate. In Experiment 1, multiparous Brangus suckling cows (n = 17) were submitted to an 8-day TAI protocol. Estrus occurrence was evaluated based on chalk removal on D10 (TAI) and cows were assigned to receive GnRH (25µg lecirelin; im) according to the group: GnRH (n = 7), regardless of estrus expression; or selectGnRH (n = 10), only cows not detected in estrus. Ovulation rate occurring until 77h after IVD removal did not differ (p = 0.17) between GnRH (85.7%; 6/7) and selectGnRH (100%; 10/10). Also, corpus luteum size and serum progesterone concentration were not affected (p>0.05) by treatments. In Experiment 2, crossbred taurine suckled cows (n = 384) were submitted to the same protocol as described in Experiment 1 and were randomly allocated to GnRH or selectGnRH groups. There was no difference in P/AI between groups (selectGnRH = 55.6%; GnRH = 54.3%; p = 0.7) 30 days after TAI. As expected, there was a pronounced effect (p<0.0001) of estrus expression on P/AI (Estrus = 61.5%; No estrus = 33.0%), regardless of group. In summary, ovulation timing and rate and luteal function did not differ between groups. Also, GnRH administration only in cows that do not show estrus is recommended, considering hormone savings and similar conception rate. investigation Consequently n 17 8day 8 D D1 (TAI 25µg µg lecirelin im group 7, 7 , 7) 10, 10 10) h 0.17 017 0 85.7% 857 85 (85.7% 6/7 67 6 100% 100 (100% 10/10. 1010 10/10 . 10/10) Also p>0.05 p005 05 (p>0.05 treatments 384 PAI P AI 55.6% 556 55 54.3% 543 54 3 0.7 07 expected p<0.0001 p00001 0001 (p<0.0001 61.5% 615 61 5 33.0%, 330 33.0% 33 33.0%) summary recommended 0.1 01 85.7 (85.7 6/ (100 101 10/1 p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 38 55.6 54.3 0. p<0.000 p0000 000 (p<0.000 61.5 33.0 85. (85. (10 10/ p>0. p0 (p>0. 55. 54. p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 61. 33. (85 (1 p>0 (p>0 p<0.0 (p<0.0 (8 ( p> (p> p<0. (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p<

Abstract This study evaluated the productive and reproductive performances of Santa Inês sheep and their Dorper crossbreeds during the lactation period amidst the dry season in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Conducted at the experimental goat farm of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha, the investigation included a cohort of 24 ewes (12 Santa Inês and 12 Dorper crossbreeds [comprising 87.5% Dorper and 12.5% Santa Inês]) and 30 lambs (10 males and 20 females). Observations were recorded from birth and continued at 30-day intervals up to 90 days. Using a two-way ANOVA with a 2 x 2 factorial design (two genetic groups and two sexes), the study monitored both ewes and lambs. The animals adhered to traditional regional management, grazing in paddocks by day and secured in shelters by dusk. The study found that both Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred ewes produced similar quantities of milk (P=0.8310) for the first 60 days of lactation. There was no discernible effect of the ewes’ genetic backgrounds on their live weights, body condition scores at lambing, throughout the subsequent 30, 60, and 90 days of lactation, or on the overall productive efficiency and total weight of weaned lambs per ewe. In contrast, Dorper lambs demonstrated a higher weaning weight (P=0.0349) and greater weight gain (P=0.0403). The study also noted that the sex of the lambs did not notably influence their performance within the first 90 days of suckling. semiarid semi arid Brazil UEPB, UEPB , (UEPB) IV Rocha (1 1 comprising 875 87 5 87.5 125 12.5 Inês] 3 10 females. females . females) 30day 9 twoway way sexes, sexes sexes) management dusk P=0.8310 P08310 P 0 8310 (P=0.8310 6 weights lambing ewe contrast P=0.0349 P00349 0349 (P=0.0349 P=0.0403. P00403 P=0.0403 0403 (P=0.0403) suckling (UEPB ( 8 87. 12. P=0.831 P0831 831 (P=0.831 P=0.034 P0034 034 (P=0.034 P0040 P=0.040 040 (P=0.0403 P=0.83 P083 83 (P=0.83 P=0.03 P003 03 (P=0.03 P004 P=0.04 04 (P=0.040 P=0.8 P08 (P=0.8 P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 (P=0.04 P=0. P0 (P=0. P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de ovinos da raça Santa Inês e mestiços da raça Dorper criados em sistema tradicional de produção durante a fase de amamentação na época seca do ano no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Caprinovinocultura da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba/UEPB/Campus-IV, Catolé do Rocha/PB. Foram utilizadas 24 ovelhas multíparas, sendo 12 da raça Santa Inês e 12 mestiças da raça Dorper (87,5% Dorper + 12,5% Santa Inês) paridas com 30 ovinos jovens, sendo 10 machos e 20 fêmeas. O período experimental se iniciou no momento do parto e os dados foram coletados ao nascimento, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade. Foi utilizada análise de variância para as ovelhas e para os cordeiros esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dois grupos genéticos e dois sexos). Os cordeiros permaneceram com suas mães em piquetes durante o dia e à noite no aprisco, manejo tradicional da região. As ovelhas Santa Inês e mestiças Dorper produziram quantidades de leite semelhantes (P=0,8310) até os 60 dias de lactação. O grupo genético das ovelhas não influenciou os pesos vivos e escore de corporal ao parto, 30, 60 e 90 dias de lactação, como também a eficiência produtiva e peso total de crias desmamadas por ovelha. Os cordeiros e cordeiras Dorper apresentaram maiores pesos vivos (P=0,0349) e ganhos de peso (P=0,0403), por outro lado, o sexo dos ovinos jovens não influenciou o desempenho até os 90 dias de amamentação. Objetivouse Objetivou paraibano Paraíba/UEPB/CampusIV, ParaíbaUEPBCampusIV Paraíba/UEPB/Campus IV, Paraíba UEPB Campus IV Paraíba/UEPB/Campus-IV RochaPB Rocha PB Rocha/PB multíparas 1 87,5% 875 87 5 (87,5 125 12,5 3 fêmeas nascimento 6 9 idade sexos. sexos . sexos) aprisco região P=0,8310 P08310 P 0 8310 (P=0,8310 lactação ovelha P=0,0349 P00349 0349 (P=0,0349 P=0,0403, P00403 P=0,0403 , 0403 (P=0,0403) lado CampusIV Paraíba/UEPB/CampusIV ParaíbaUEPBCampus 87,5 8 (87, 12, P=0,831 P0831 831 (P=0,831 P=0,034 P0034 034 (P=0,034 P0040 P=0,040 040 (P=0,0403 87, (87 P=0,83 P083 83 (P=0,83 P=0,03 P003 03 (P=0,03 P004 P=0,04 04 (P=0,040 (8 P=0,8 P08 (P=0,8 P=0,0 P00 (P=0,0 (P=0,04 ( P=0, P0 (P=0, P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

Abstract This study evaluated the nutritional and productive performance of Nellore purebred heifers and crossbred Brangus x Nellore (BGNE) and Braford x Nellore (BFNE) in a feedlot system. Thirty heifers (10 of each genetic group) with an average age of 18 months and an initial body weight of 261 kg were used. The experiment was structured and conducted according to a completely randomized design, with three treatments. Heifers received two diets (60 days each) during the experimental period. The experiment lasted 120 days with four experimental periods. Nellore heifers had a lower intake than crossbred heifers (P <0.05). There were no differences between BGNE and BFNE heifers, which had higher final body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and carcass length than NE heifers. Crossed heifers presented better fat cover than NE heifers. However, NE heifers had higher carcass dressing Despite presenting lower carcass yields than Nellore heifers, crossed heifers are more efficient and have higher performance and better fat cover on the carcass than purebred Nellore heifers. Crossbreeding synthetic breeds, such as Brangus and Braford breeds, with the Nellore breed is an effective way to increase the productivity and efficiency of feedlot heifers in tropical regions. (BGNE (BFNE system 10 (1 group 1 26 used design treatments 60 (6 period 12 periods P <0.05. 005 <0.05 . 0 05 <0.05) gain However breeds regions ( 2 6 00 <0.0 <0. <0 <

ABSTRACT The present study presents a comparative evaluation of the transit kinetics of straw briquette in response to the dietary addition of non-protein nitrogen sources in the form of a mineral supplement. Four rumen-cannulated, castrated Holstein-Gir crossbred cattle, weighing an average of 380±22.64 kg, were distributed into a 4 × 4 Latin square design (four supplements with non-protein nitrogen sources × four experimental periods). The following non-protein nitrogen sources were studied: conventional urea, slow-release urea, extruded urea, and monoammonium phosphate. During the experiment, the animals were housed in individual stalls with concrete floors where they received a basal diet consisting of straw briquette, potato starch, and the mineral supplement, the latter whose variation was only in the non-protein nitrogen source, which characterized the treatments. The different non-protein nitrogen sources did not affect the parameters of transit or degradation kinetics of straw fiber briquette. These results can be associated with the low nitrogen content limited by the types of supplements and the particle size of straw briquette, which is smaller due to processing. nonprotein non protein supplement rumencannulated, rumencannulated rumen cannulated, cannulated rumen-cannulated HolsteinGir Holstein Gir cattle 3802264 380 22 64 380±22.6 kg periods. periods . periods) studied urea slowrelease slow release phosphate experiment starch source treatments processing 380226 38 2 6 380±22. 38022 3 380±22 3802 380±2 380±

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot with the inclusion of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE). Thirty-five crossbred lambs were used with an average weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg and mean age of five months, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications. The treatments evaluated were: 0; 7; 14 and 21 mL of extract/animal/day Before slaughter, each animal was individually weighed to obtain the body weight at slaughter (BWS). The weights and yields of non-carcass components were evaluated, weights and yields of regional dishes (Buchada and Panelada). The addition of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE) did not influence (p > 0.05) the weights and yields of non-carcass components, by-products and adipose deposits, to the weight and yield of regional dishes. The use of red propolis extract in diets up to the level studied (28 mL day-1) did not change the characteristics evaluated. ABSTRACT noncarcass non carcass RPE. RPE . Thirtyfive Thirty 1708 17 08 17.0 236 2 36 2.3 months replications 0 7 1 extractanimalday day BWS. BWS (BWS) Buchada Panelada. Panelada Panelada) (RPE p 0.05 005 05 byproducts by products deposits 28 (2 day1 day-1 170 17. 23 3 2. (BWS 0.0 00 ( day- 0.

Abstract In reproductive technologies, uncovering the molecular aspects of oocyte and embryo competence under different conditions is crucial for refining protocols and enhancing efficiency. RNA-seq generates high-throughput data and provides transcriptomes that can undergo additional computational analyses. This study presented the transcriptomic profiles of in vitro matured oocytes and blastocysts produced in vitro from buffalo crossbred (Bubalus bubalis), coupled with gene co-expression and module preservation analysis. Cumulus Oophorus Complexes, obtained from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, were subjected to in vitro maturation to yield metaphase II oocytes (616) or followed in vitro fertilization and culture to yield blastocysts for sequencing (526). Oocyte maturation (72%, ±3.34 sd) and embryo development (21.3%, ±4.18 sd) rates were obtained from three in vitro embryo production routines following standard protocols. Sequencing of 410 metaphase II oocytes and 70 hatched blastocysts (grade 1 and 2) identified a total of 13,976 genes, with 62% being ubiquitously expressed (8,649). Among them, the differentially expressed genes (4,153) and the strongly variable genes with the higher expression (fold-change above 11) were highlighted in oocytes (BMP15, UCHL1, WEE1, NLRPs, KPNA7, ZP2, and ZP4) and blastocysts (APOA1, KRT18, ANXA2, S100A14, SLC34A2, PRSS8 and ANXA2) as representative indicators of molecular quality. Additionally, genes exclusively found in oocytes (224) and blastocysts (2,200) with specific biological functions were identified. Gene co-expression network and module preservation analysis revealed strong preservation of functional modules related to exosome components, steroid metabolism, cell proliferation, and morphogenesis. However, cell cycle and amino acid transport modules exhibited weak preservation, which may reflect differences in embryo development kinetics and the activation of cell signaling pathways between buffalo and bovine. This comprehensive transcriptomic profile serves as a valuable resource for assessing the molecular quality of buffalo oocytes and embryos in future in vitro embryo production assays. technologies efficiency RNAseq RNA seq highthroughput high throughput analyses Bubalus bubalis, bubalis , bubalis) coexpression co Complexes slaughterhousederived slaughterhouse derived ovaries 616 (616 526. 526 . (526) 72%, 72 (72% 334 3 34 ±3.3 sd 21.3%, 213 21 (21.3% 418 4 18 ±4.1 41 7 grade 2 13976 13 976 13,97 62 8,649. 8649 8,649 8 649 (8,649) them 4,153 4153 153 (4,153 foldchange fold change 11 BMP15, BMP15 BMP (BMP15 UCHL1 UCHL WEE1 WEE NLRPs KPNA7 KPNA ZP2 ZP ZP4 APOA1, APOA1 APOA (APOA1 KRT18 KRT ANXA2 ANXA S100A14 SA S A SLC34A2 SLCA SLC PRSS Additionally 224 (224 2,200 2200 200 (2,200 components metabolism proliferation morphogenesis However bovine assays 61 (61 52 (526 72% (72 33 ±3. 21.3% (21.3 ±4. 1397 97 13,9 6 864 8,64 64 (8,649 4,15 415 15 (4,15 BMP1 (BMP1 (APOA KRT1 S100A1 SLC34A 22 (22 2,20 220 20 (2,20 (6 5 (52 (7 ±3 21.3 (21. ±4 139 9 13, 86 8,6 (8,64 4,1 (4,1 (BMP S100A (2 2,2 (2,2 ( (5 ± 21. (21 8, (8,6 4, (4, 2, (2, (8, (4 (8

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de VIUSID VET® líquido (CATALYSIS) en la ganancia media diaria de peso (GMD), la frecuencia y la gravedad de la neumonía en precebas porcinas. Se utilizaron cerdos mestizos al destete (26 días) alojados en grupos de 10 individuos a razón 4,76 m2/cerdo, sobre piso plástico ranurado, dentro de una instalación cerrada con ventilación mecánica mediante extractores. Dos tratamientos consistentes en VIUSID VET® líquido al 0,2 % en el agua de bebida o control se asignaron aleatoriamente. En la evaluación de la GMD se utilizaron 80 precebas porcinas divididas en igual cantidad entre el grupo tratado con VIUSID VET® y el control. Para comparar las de proporciones de pulmones neumónicos se incluyeron 314 individuos (161 tratados con VIUSID VET® y 153 controles), mientras la gravedad de la neumonía incluyó 63 precebas (29 tratadas y 34 controles). VIUSID VET® propició asimetría positiva en la GMD con mayor número de animales por encima de la media del grupo mientras el control mostró asimetría negativa. El tratamiento con VIUSID VET® promovió una prevalencia de neumonía significativamente menor (41,61 % vs 62,74 %), así como tendencia a menor gravedad de este trastorno con valores medios equivalentes a los de la mitad del grupo control. La reducción significativa de la prevalencia de neumonía promovida por VIUSID VET®, permite esperar que su uso en precebas porcinas se acompañe de mejoras del desempeño productivo con beneficios en la economía del productor, así como ambientales como alternativa a los antibióticos.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of liquid VIUSID VET® (CATALYSIS) on average daily weight gain (ADG), frequency and severity of pneumonia in pre-fattening pigs. Crossbred pigs at weaning (26 days) were housed in cubicles with grooved plastic floors, in groups of 10 individuals at a rate of 4,76 m2/pig, inside a closed facility with forced ventilation by means of extractors. Two treatments consisting of 0.2% liquid VIUSID VET® in the drinking water or control were randomly assigned. In ADG evaluation, 80 pre-fattening pig equally divided between the VIUSID VET®-treated group and the control were used. To compare the proportions of pneumonic lungs, 314 individuals were included (161 treated with VIUSID VET® and 153 controls), while the severity of pneumonia included 63 pre-fattening pigs (29 treated and 34 controls). VIUSID VET® promoted a positive asymmetry in ADG with more animals above the group mean, while the control showed a negative asymmetry. Treatment with VIUSID VET promoted a significantly lower prevalence of pneumonia (41.61 % vs. 62.74 %), as well as a trend towards lower severity of this disorder with mean values equivalent to those of half of the control group. The significant reduction in the prevalence of pneumonia promoted by VIUSID VET®, leads to expect that its use in swine herds will be accompanied by improvements in the productive performance with benefits in the producer's economy, as well as environmental benefits as an alternative to antibiotics.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the reproductive losses in three periods: period I - starting from the time the cows were exposed to the bulls to pregnancy diagnoses (PD, number of cows diagnosed as non-pregnant/total exposed cows × 100); period II - from the time of PD to calving (number of calving cows/number of cows diagnosed as pregnant × 100); and period III - from calving to weaning (number of weaned calves/number of calving cows × 100) in purebred Hereford (HH) and Angus (AA) cows and their crosses in beef cows under extensive production systems. Likewise, the effect of parity (nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous) and the interaction between both factors were studied. A thirteen-year data set (2505 record) of an experimental breeding herd, maintained in an extensive production system based on natural grassland, was used. The dataset was under a complete diallel design between HH and AA breeds. Both the genetic group and parity of the cow affected the reproductive losses, but only in period I. No interaction was found. Purebred cows had higher reproductive losses than the crossbred cows, without differences between the purebred (HH and AA) or between the crossbred (AH and HA). The greatest losses were observed rather in primiparous than in nulliparous and multiparous cows without difference between the latter two. The use of crossbred cows in extensive production systems is an alternative to reduce reproductive losses and to increase calf harvest. periods PD, (PD nonpregnant/total nonpregnanttotal non pregnant/total total 100 cowsnumber calvesnumber calves (AA Likewise nulliparous, (nulliparous studied thirteenyear thirteen year 2505 (250 record herd grassland used breeds found AH HA. HA . HA) two harvest nonpregnant pregnanttotal 10 250 (25 1 25 (2 2 (

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effects of high-concentrate diets with and without the inclusion of soybean hull (SH; 0 or 500.8 g/kg) plus corn (whole or ground) on the performance, morphometric traits, and nutritional and metabolic parameters of crossbred dairy calves. We also aimed to assess the costs associated with the experimental diets employed. Thirty-six male calves with an average weight of 89±18.6 kg and age of 3.5 months were allocated to four treatments, with nine replicates of one calf/pen, in a completely randomized experimental design for 198 days. The inclusion of the SH and the physical form of corn did not influence animal performance or morphometric measurements; however, SH inclusion increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and the intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, but did not affect total digestible nutrient intake. The physical form of corn did not influence nutrient intake or digestibility, which resulted in similar performance across the animals. Blood glucose levels as well as alkaline phosphatase and creatinine remained elevated regardless of the diet. The use of SH reduced the total plasma cholesterol content, and there was an interaction between the physical form of corn and SH inclusion in relation to creatinine levels, which were higher when using diets with whole corn and SH. Although the inclusion of up to 500.8 g/kg of SH in the diet reduces feed efficiency, its use decreases the cost per kilogram of weight gain. Dairy calves can exhibit satisfactory production performance when fed alternative ingredients such as whole corn or SH, which have a lower cost than ground corn, traditionally used in diet formulations. highconcentrate high concentrate (SH 5008 500 8 500. gkg g traits employed Thirtysix Thirty six 89186 89 18 6 89±18. 35 3 5 3. treatments calfpen calf pen calf/pen 19 days measurements however animals content efficiency gain formulations 50 8918 1 89±18 891 89±1 89±

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a substituição de virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura em dietas de alto grão contendo monensina, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais. Cinco novilhos cruzados Nelore x Holandês (peso inicial 281 kg ± 9,2 kg) distribuídos em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 x 5. As dietas foram compostas por silagem de milho (355 g kg-1) e concentrado composto por: milho moído, farelo de soja, casca de soja, mistura mineral, calcário, sal e ureia (645 g kg-1). Os tratamentos foram: 1. Controle, 18 mg kg-1 MS de virginiamicina (VM); 2. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (CLE 7); 3. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (CLE 14); 4. Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (LA 7) e Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (LA 14). A monensina (18 mg kg-1 MS) estava presente na mistura mineral vitamínica fornecida em todos tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para o consumo de matéria seca (média 8,36 kg MS); digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (média 58,39%) e média de pH ruminal (média 6,75). Além disso, não foram encontrados efeitos significativos de tratamentos para concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e nitrogênio amoniacal. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituir a virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura nos menores níveis (7g animal dia-1 de cultura de levedura enriquecida ou 7g animal dia-1 de levedura autolisada) em dietas de alto grão com monensina. ruminais peso 28 92 9 2 9, 355 (35 kg1 1 moído soja calcário 645 (64 kg1. . Controle kg- VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae dia1 dia dia- CLE 7 3 14 14) 4 LA 14. (1 P>0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P>0,05 836 8 36 8,3 58,39% 5839 58 39 6,75. 675 6,75 6 75 6,75) disso amoniacal 35 (3 64 (6 (VM ( P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 83 8, 58,39 583 67 6,7 P>0, P0 (P>0, 58,3 6, P>0 (P>0 58, P> (P> (P

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting virginiamycin with yeastbased products in high-energy diets containing monensin on the nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of cattle. Five crossbred Nellore × Holstein steers (initial body weight 281 kg ± 9.2 kg) were allotted to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were composed in dry matter basis of corn silage (355 g kg-1), and concentrate composed of ground corn, soybean meal, soybean hulls,mineral mix, limestone, salt and urea (645 g kg-1). The treatments were: 1 - control, 18 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM) virginiamycin (VM); 2 - enriched yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (EYC 7); 3 - enriched yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (EYC 14); 4 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (AY 7); and 5 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (AY 14). Monensin (18 mg kg-1 DM) was added to the mineral mix in all treatments. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for DM intake (mean 8.36 kg DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility (average of 58.39%), or mean ruminal pH (mean 6.75) among treatments. Moreover, the treatment did not have a significant effect on the short-chain fatty acid or ammonia nitrogen concentrations. These results indicated the possibility of replacing virginiamycin with yeast-based products at the lowest level (7 g of enriched yeast culture or autolyzed yeast per animal day-1) in high-energy diets containing monensin. highenergy high energy cattle initial 28 92 9 9. design 355 (35 kg1, kg1 , kg-1) meal hullsmineral hulls limestone 645 (64 kg1. . control kg- (DM VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae day1 day day- EYC 7) S. S (S 14) AY 14. (1 P 0.05 005 0 05 836 8 36 8.3 DM, OM (OM average 58.39%, 5839 58.39% 58 39 58.39%) 6.75 675 6 75 Moreover shortchain short chain concentrations based ( 35 (3 64 (6 (VM 0.0 00 83 8. 583 58.39 6.7 67 0. 58.3 6. 58.