Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

RESUMEN Para las economías en desarrollo el diseño de políticas con respecto al financiamiento externo es realmente complejo. El estallido y posterior evolución de la crisis derivada de la pandemia de COVID-19 a inicios del 2020 afectó, en primer lugar, a las economías en desarrollo que debieron enfrentarse a una compleja situación interna y restricción al financiamiento internacional. El presente trabajo describe el complejo escenario internacional que dificulta el acceso al financiamiento externo y se detiene en el caso cubano, en el cual un conjunto de factores internos y externos dificultan de manera extrema el acceso a recursos financieros imprescindibles para la recuperación y el desarrollo del país. El análisis se centra en el financiamiento proveniente de fuentes privadas y en particular en dos de sus principales instrumentos, la inversión extranjera directa y las remesas.

ABSTRAC For developing economies, the design of policies regarding external financing is really complex. The outbreak and subsequent evolution of the crisis derived from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected, first of all, developing economies that had to face a complex internal situation and restriction on international financing. This work describes the complex international scenario that makes access to external financing difficult and focuses on the Cuban case in which a set of internal and external factors make it extremely difficult to access essential financial resources for recovery and development from the country. The analysis focuses on financing from private sources and in particular on two of its main instruments, foreign direct investment and remittances.

RESUMEN Desde finales de 2019, la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha traído consigo desafíos globales sin precedentes, afectando profundamente las estructuras socioeconómicas en todo el mundo. América Latina, conocida por su diversidad económica y social, ha sentido estos impactos de manera significativa. En este escenario, la protección social no contributiva se ha revelado como un pilar fundamental para contrarrestar las adversidades económicas y sociales de la crisis sanitaria, en especial para aquellos sectores de la población que quedan fuera del alcance de los sistemas tradicionales de seguridad social basados en contribuciones laborales. El artículo examina las respuestas políticas y sociales implementadas en la región en respuesta a la crisis sanitaria a través de una variedad de estrategias, incluyendo transferencias monetarias directas, programas de protección del empleo, y medidas de asistencia sanitaria. Este análisis proporciona una visión integral de la situación y destaca la relevancia de las medidas de emergencia en tiempos de crisis y su papel en la construcción de un futuro más seguro y justo para la región.

ABSTRACT Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented global challenges, deeply affecting socioeconomic structures worldwide. Latin America, known for its economic and social diversity, has significantly felt these impacts. In this scenario, non-contributory social protection has emerged as a fundamental pillar to counteract the economic and social adversities of the health crisis, especially for those sectors of the population that are beyond the reach of traditional social security systems based on labour contributions. The article examines the political and social responses implemented in the region in response to the health crisis through a variety of strategies, including direct monetary transfers, employment protection programs, and health assistance measures. This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the situation, highlighting the importance of emergency measures in times of crisis and their role in building a safer and more just future for the region.

ABSTRACT The recent global health crisis highlighted the fundamental role of family farming and public procurement policies in guaranteeing the human right to adequate food. This documentary analysis compares public procurement experiences (2019 to 2022) in a region of Brazil and another in Colombia, focusing on family farming from a gender perspective to identify challenges and best practices. Among the findings, it is noteworthy that although structured policies for public procurement already exist in Brazil, regional realities pointed to challenges during the period. Advances in Colombia were noted with the issuance of Law 2046 of 2020. In both countries, the low role of women in the ownership of rural properties and decision-making was evident, despite their participation in the rural family productive workforce.

RESUMEN La pasada crisis sanitaria mundial evidenció el papel fundamental de la agricultura familiar y las políticas de compras pública para garantizar el derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada. En este análisis documental, se compararon las experiencias de compras públicas (2019 a 2022), en una región de Brasil y otra de Colombia, de la agricultura familiar, desde una perspectiva de género, con el objetivo de identificar desafíos y buenas prácticas. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca que, aunque ya existen políticas estructuradas para las compras públicas en Brasil, la realidad regional señaló desafíos en el período. Se señalaron los avances en Colombia, con la expedición de la Ley 2046 de 2020. En ambos países se evidenció el bajo rol de la mujer en la titulación de las propiedades rurales y en la toma de decisiones, aunque se evidencia su participación en la fuerza productiva rural familiar.

Abstract: Mexico is a key player in the automotive industry, but during the pandemic, auto manufacturing was hit by health measures suspending its activity because it was not a priority sector. The central research aim is to determine the financial losses caused by the suspension of car and light truck manufacturing due to the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19. The methodology used is based on a multiple econometric regression with a binary qualitative variable of ones and zeros to capture the effect of COVID-19 on vehicle production, with preliminary results showing eight-figures losses.

Resumen: México desempeña un papel importante a nivel mundial en cuanto a la fabricación de automóviles, y no fue sino a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19 que la industria automotriz se vio sacudida por las medidas sanitarias, al suspender su actividad productiva por no ser un sector prioritario. La pregunta central de esta investigación gira en torno a cuánto vale la pérdida en términos monetarios la suspensión de la fabricación de vehículos y camiones ligeros por la crisis económica causada por la COVID-19. La metodología empleada se basa en el uso de una regresión econométrica múltiple con una variable cualitativa binaria de unos y ceros para capturar el efecto de la COVID-19 en la producción de vehículos, donde los resultados preliminares arrojan pérdidas millonarias de ocho cifras.

Abstract Due to the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico, a majority of the population was affected in terms of their labor participation. This article aims to measure the levels of educational mismatch -overeducation and undereducation- in Mexico before and after the closure of activities decreed during the pandemic. The research examines changes in educational adjustment from the first quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of the same year and the first quarter of the following year, and it investigates whether there were modifications in sociodemographic profiles, changes in the conditions of those experiencing educational mismatch, and if these dynamics were a result of the crisis. The analysis uses the National Occupation and Employment Survey and employs multinomial models to assess the probability of being in some form of educational mismatch, with a grouped base for five survey editions to establish changes over time. The results show an increase of approximately 0.5% in overeducation in the total occupied population, considering sociodemographic and labor insertion characteristics. Similarly, there are differences between informal and formal employment in terms of how these changes occur, with the former showing increases first, followed by the latter.

Resumen En México, la llegada de la covid-19 afectó la participación laboral de la mayoría de la población. A propósito de ese fenómeno, con este artículo se busca medir los niveles de desajuste educativo -por sobreducación y subeducación- antes y después del cierre de actividades decretado ante la pandemia. Se revisan los cambios en el ajuste educativo entre el primer trimestre de 2020 y el tercero del mismo año, sumando además el primer trimestre de 2021. La atención se centra en si se modificaron los perfiles sociodemográficos y si esto implicó cambios en las condiciones de los desajustados, o si bien estos fueron producto de la crisis. Para el análisis se utilizan la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo y modelos multinomiales sobre la probabilidad de insertarse en algún tipo de inadecuación educativa con una base agrupada para cinco ediciones de la encuesta a fin de establecer los cambios en el tiempo. Los resultados muestran que se registra un aumento de alrededor de 0,5 % de sobreducación en la población ocupada total, si se consideran las características sociodemográficas y de inserción laboral. Del mismo modo, se reflejan diferencias entre los empleos informales y los formales en términos de cómo ocurren estos cambios, pues los primeros se inician con incrementos, mientras en los segundos esto se da en el mediano plazo.

Abstract In this article, I analyze relations between houses, economic practices, and temporalities, in the surroundings of the Arena do Grêmio (Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense’s stadium), in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The imbrication between residential and commercial spaces is a central aspect in the study context, evidenced by the activation of a commercial circuit in houses adjacent to this multi-purpose arena. Present the form in which people analyze different temporal markers enable a way to identify flows, commercial practices and the ways in which pandemic temporalities were experienced. I will situate the analysis in cases that allow us to reflect on how the economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic were experienced inseparably. Based on ethnography, I demonstrate how different temporalities fostered changes in houses, crossed family experiences and modulated expectations for overcoming crisis, representing the advent of a post-pandemic period. article FootBall Foot Ball Alegrenses Alegrense s stadium, stadium , stadium) Alegre RS Brazil context multipurpose multi purpose arena flows COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 inseparably ethnography crisis postpandemic post period COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo Neste artigo, analiso um conjunto de relações que entrelaçam casas, práticas econômicas e temporalidades, nos entornos da Arena do Grêmio, estádio de futebol em Porto Alegre. A imbricação entre espaços residenciais e espaços comerciais é um aspecto central no contexto de estudo, evidenciada pela ativação de um circuito comercial em casas nas adjacências dessa arena multiúso. Apresentar a forma pela qual as pessoas analisam diferentes marcadores temporais se traduziu em um caminho para identificar fluxos, práticas comerciais e os modos pelos quais temporalidades pandêmicas foram vivenciadas. Situarei a análise em casos que permitem refletir sobre como as consequências, econômicas e sanitárias, da pandemia de Covid-19 foram vividas indissociavelmente. A partir da etnografia, demonstro como diferentes temporalidades fomentaram mudanças nas casas, atravessaram experiências familiares e modularam expectativas à superação de crises, representando o advento de um período pós-pandêmico. artigo Grêmio Alegre estudo multiúso fluxos vivenciadas consequências sanitárias Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 indissociavelmente etnografia crises póspandêmico. póspandêmico pós pandêmico. pandêmico pós-pandêmico Covid1 1 Covid-

Resumen Las desigualdades estructurales sociales y de distinto tipo, intrínsecas al capitalismo, se profundizaron con la pandemia de Covid-19 hasta límites insostenibles para los sectores subalternos, entre los cuales se ubican los conjuntos de migrantes en situación administrativa irregular de los distintos países. A través de un enfoque antropológico transnacional, auxiliado por la etnografía virtual, se aborda el impacto sociosanitario que tuvo la crisis pandémica para estos grupos en Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires durante 2022-2023, así como sus respuestas grupales-comunitarias para contener y sobrellevar sus necesidades inmediatas y urgentes, más allá de las políticas públicas implementadas en cada país/región/ciudad, con desigual cobertura y eficacia. La realidad abordada, entonces, conjuga esas carencias estructurales que no fueron resueltas como consecuencia de la crisis desatada a partir de la pandemia, con nuevas problemáticas sociosanitarias derivadas de las necesidades de supervivencia de los migrantes en cada contexto, destacándose el protagonismo de las mujeres. tipo capitalismo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 subalternos países transnacional virtual Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 grupalescomunitarias grupales comunitarias urgentes paísregiónciudad país región ciudad país/región/ciudad eficacia abordada entonces contexto mujeres Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Abstract Social and other structural inequalities, intrinsic to capitalism, deepened with the Covid-19 pandemic up to unsustainable limits for the subaltern sectors, among which are located the groups of migrants in irregular administrative situations from the different countries. Through an anthropological transnational approach, aided by virtual ethnography, is addressed the socio-sanitary impact that the pandemic crisis had for these groups in Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires for the period 2022-2023, as well as their group-community responses to contain and cope with their immediate and urgent needs, beyond the public policies implemented in each country/region/city, with unequal coverage and effectiveness. The reality addressed, then, combines those structural deficiencies that were not resolved as a result of the crisis unleashed by the pandemic, with new social and health problems arising from the survival needs of migrants in each context, highlighting the leading role played by women. inequalities capitalism Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 sectors countries approach ethnography sociosanitary socio sanitary Barcelona 20222023, 20222023 2022 2023, 2023 2022-2023 groupcommunity group community countryregioncity country region city country/region/city effectiveness then context women Covid1 1 Covid- 2022202 202 2022-202 202220 20 2022-20 20222 2 2022-2 2022-

Abstract The text addresses the analysis of the global pandemic in December 2021, caused by the Sars-Cov 2 virus, resulting in millions of deaths and transforming social, institutional, and familial life. Following the stabilization of Covid-19 in various regions, there is an emphasis on reflecting on the two years of almost complete confinement, acknowledging that this crisis is a superimposition of health, social, political, economic, educational, and environmental crises. The importance of examining the implications for the pedagogical sphere and professional training in the “new normal” is highlighted. A historical analysis of the pandemic is proposed from psychological, social, cultural, educational, and environmental perspectives. Advocacy for learning from the experience, reviewing virtual pedagogical actions, and building more promising futures by integrating educational and environmental aspects. Finally, it is suggested to use analytical perspectives from authors such as Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway, and Ailton Krenak to understand and address the challenges posed.

Resumen El texto aborda el análisis de la pandemia global de diciembre de 2021, causada por el virus Sars-Cov 2, que resultó en millones de muertes y transformó la vida social, institucional y familiar. Tras la estabilización del Covid en varias regiones, se destaca la necesidad de reflexionar sobre los dos años de casi total confinamiento, reconociendo que esta crisis es una superposición de crisis en salud, social, política, económica, educativa y ambiental. Se plantea la importancia de examinar las implicaciones para el ámbito pedagógico y la formación profesional en la “nueva normalidad”. Se propone un análisis histórico de la pandemia desde perspectivas psicológicas, sociales, culturales, educativas y ambientales. Se aboga por aprender de la experiencia, revisar las acciones pedagógicas virtuales y construir futuros más prometedores, integrando lo educativo y ambiental. Finalmente, se sugiere utilizar perspectivas analíticas de autores como Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway y Ailton Krenak para comprender y abordar los desafíos planteados.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the role of nurses in hospital management in the face of COVID-19. The study had a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach. The setting was a hospital that was completely transformed to care for patients with COVID-19. At the time of data collection, ten nurses managed the services, and all participated in the semi-structured interview. After thematic analysis, the data were presented in three categories, representing the elements of Donabedian’s triad: structure, process, and result. Category 1 highlighted the hospital structure reconfiguration based on material and people management; category 2 addressed the work process restructuring to achieve goals with safety and quality; and category 3 focused on nurses’ experiences in describing the results achieved and expected. The analysis highlighted the importance of teamwork, involvement, and adaptation of managers in the face of the challenges of a new and life-threatening disease, scarce resources, and the complexity of human relationships in the crisis. In transformational leadership, these nurses encouraged behavior change, professional growth, and resilience. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitative descriptive approach collection services semistructured semi structured interview categories Donabedians Donabedian s triad result quality expected teamwork involvement lifethreatening life threatening disease resources crisis leadership change growth resilience COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros na gestão hospitalar frente à COVID-19. O estudo teve uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório. O cenário foi um hospital que se transformou totalmente para atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19. No momento da coleta de dados, dez enfermeiros estavam à frente da gestão dos serviços, e todos participaram da entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados, após análise temática, foram apresentados em três categorias representativas dos elementos da tríade de Donabedian, ou seja, estrutura, processo e resultado. A categoria 1 realçou a reconfiguração da estrutura hospitalar a partir da gestão de materiais e das pessoas; a categoria 2 abordou a reestruturação do processo de trabalho para alcance das metas com segurança e qualidade; e a categoria 3 focou nas experiências dos enfermeiros na descrição dos resultados alcançados e esperados. A análise evidenciou a importância do trabalho em equipe, do envolvimento e da adaptação do gestor diante dos desafios da doença nova e ameaçadora da vida, dos recursos escassos e da complexidade das relações humanas na crise. Na liderança transformacional esses enfermeiros incentivaram a mudança de comportamento, o crescimento profissional, e resiliência. Objetivouse Objetivou COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitativa exploratório dados serviços semiestruturada temática Donabedian seja resultado pessoas qualidade esperados equipe vida crise comportamento profissional resiliência COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis in higher education, where students were required to transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This study explored students' experiences of online assessments and feedback during the pandemic to inform future practice. METHODOLOGY: This study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design with purposeful sampling to describe student's experiences of online assessments. Data were collected from occupational therapy students in 2022. The Assessment Experiences Questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (n=166). Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: Students reported that 'tackling' assignments made them apply their learning more deeply (79.75%; n=63). More than half of the students learned more from doing assignments than studying course material (61.25%; n=49). Majority of students felt they did not receive timely feedback through online assessments (67.5%, n=54)( which impacted their learning. More than half of the students use feedback in preparation for assignments (56.25%; n=45), hence timely and quality feedback is needed. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy students had a positive experience of online assessments; however, the transition was challenging. It is recommended for lecturers to consider the challenges of online assessments, the number of assessments and timely feedback for an effective online learning process. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • For online learning to be effective, relevant and timely access to resources and support systems are required. These include internet access, resources like laptops and smartphones which facilitate engagement with remote learning. • The provision of institutional and academic support can positively influence students' experiences of online learning. • Timing and quality of feedback is essential to the online learning experience. Delayed feedback can negatively impact learning, emphasising the importance of timely feedback to aid student growth and improved learning outcomes. • Students' experiences and perceptions of how they receive feedback change over time. Thus, personalised feedback focusing on improvement rather than comparison to peers should be emphasised in the learning environments to which they are exposed. • The importance of effective time management in students is emphasised for online learning and students need to be equipped with these skills for this mode of learning.

Abstract This article analyzes the impact of the occupational crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic on Argentina's urban regional labor markets, focusing on the composition, functioning and quality of jobs. It examines the performance of these markets during the year 2020 compared to the previous situation (2019-2020) and the subsequent recovery (2020-2021). Indicators such as changes in the sectoral composition of employment and work precariousness at the aggregate level and in major urban regions are used. The results reveal an increase in inequalities in terms of labor irregularity according to sectoral insertion, occupational category and urban region. These results are based on a descriptive, comparative and inferential data analysis from the Permanent Urban Household Survey (National Institute of Statistics and Census).

Resumen Este artículo analiza el impacto de la crisis ocupacional generada por la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre los mercados laborales regionales urbanos de la Argentina, centrándose en la composición, funcionamiento y calidad de los empleos. Se examina el desempeño de estos mercados durante el año 2020 en comparación con la situación previa (2019-2020) y la posterior recuperación (2020-2021). Se utilizan indicadores como los cambios en la composición sectorial del empleo y la precariedad laboral a nivel agregado y en las principales regiones urbanas. Los resultados revelan un aumento en las desigualdades en términos de irregularidad laboral según la inserción sectorial, categoría ocupacional y región urbana. Se llega a estos resultados a partir de un análisis descriptivo, comparativo e inferencial de los datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Total Urbano (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos).

Abstract In today’s social and political landscape, marked by the rise of neopopulist social players and heightened democratic uncertainty, it becomes imperative to understand the quality of journalism in post-democratic frameworks. The infodemic witnessed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pitfalls of relying on social media as a primary information source able to facilitate the development of fundamental skills necessary for active citizenship within liberal democracies. Given these circumstances, it is essential to analyse the pivotal role of mainstream journalism in countering disinformation and fostering critical thinking among citizens, thereby elevating public interest concerns onto the societal agenda. The primary objective of this research is to assess the quality of the content produced by prominent Spanish newspapers and disseminated to the public via social media. Employing both qualitative and quantitative paradigms as a methodology within the epistemological framework that guides them, we analyse the content’s tendencies and political biases concerning rumours about the coronavirus published by leading national and regional newspapers on their Facebook profiles. The findings of this investigation indicate minimal audience engagement with the posts, prompting further discussions on the kinds of stories that capture public interest while also nurturing critical thinking skills among citizens.

Resumo No contexto social e político em que vivemos, com um incremento de atores sociais neopopulistas e um cenário de instabilidade democrática, é fundamental entender a qualidade do jornalismo na pós-democracia. A situação de infodemia, que vivemos durante a pandemia da COVID-19, ressaltou os aspetos negativos do uso das redes sociais como ferramenta de informação que ajuda a desenvolver as competências básicas para exercer uma cidadania ativa na democracia liberal. Nestas circunstâncias, é fundamental analisar o papel do jornalismo de referência no combate à desinformação e a sua importância no fomento do pensamento crítico da cidadania, para, desse modo, inserir na agenda pública temas de interesse público. O objetivo principal desta investigação é analisar a qualidade do conteúdo produzido por jornais espanhóis de referência e disponibilizado aos cidadãos por meio das redes sociais. Para isso, utilizamos como metodologia os paradigmas qualitativo e quantitativo, centrados no quadro epistemológico em que estão circunscritos, para realizar uma análise ao conteúdo, a sua tendência e viés político relativamente aos boatos sobre o coronavírus publicados pelos jornais de referência no cenário nacional e regional nos seus perfis do Facebook. Os resultados desta investigação revelam uma baixa interação da audiência com as publicações e abrem novas discussões sobre o tipo de matérias que atraem a atenção do público e que, ao mesmo tempo, podem cumprir com a formação e o fomento do pensamento crítico da cidadania.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho dos profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal da rede pública na pandemia da covid-19 do ponto de vista dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, com 163 gestores municipais de saúde da Bahia, que responderam a um questionário virtual, de junho a outubro de 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Science, e Análise Temática das respostas subjetivas, com auxílio do IRaMuTeQ. Um escopo de atuação das equipes de saúde bucal, que atuam em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, foi reconhecido como mais abrangente que o tradicional nesse período. A pandemia deu ênfase às fragilidades crônicas nas condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos e auxiliares de saúde bucal da rede pública, como a insuficiência de instrumentais odontológicos e de insumos, a precária manutenção dos equipamentos odontológicos, a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios e a estrutura física inadequada nas unidades de saúde, comprometendo a biossegurança. Assim, abre-se uma oportunidade para identificar e implementar mudanças necessárias não apenas no contexto de crise sanitária, mas também no período pós-pandemia. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 Tratase Trata se quantitativoqualitativo, quantitativoqualitativo quantitativo qualitativo, qualitativo quantitativo-qualitativo 16 Bahia virtual 2020 Science subjetivas IRaMuTeQ cirurgiõesdentistas, cirurgiõesdentistas cirurgiões dentistas, dentistas cirurgiões-dentistas insumos biossegurança Assim abrese abre sanitária póspandemia. póspandemia pós pandemia. pós-pandemia covid1 1 covid- 202 20 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the work of professionals from oral health teams in the public service, in the COVID-19 pandemic, from the point of view of managers. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative study, with 163 municipal health managers in Bahia, who answered a virtual questionnaire, from June to October 2020. The descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, and Thematic Analysis was applied to the subjective responses, using IRaMuTeQ. The scope of action of oral health teams, which operate at all levels of health care, was recognized as broader than the traditional in this period. The pandemic emphasized the chronic problems in the working conditions of dentists, technicians, and oral health assistants in the public service, such as the lack of dental instruments and supplies, the precarious maintenance of dental equipment, the fragility of employment relationships, and the inadequate physical structure in the health units, compromising biosecurity. Thus, there is an opportunity to identify and implement necessary changes not only in the context of a health crisis, but in the post-pandemic period. service COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional quantitativequalitative qualitative 16 Bahia questionnaire 2020 Science responses IRaMuTeQ care period dentists technicians supplies equipment relationships units biosecurity Thus crisis postpandemic post COVID1 1 COVID- 202 20 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the work of professionals from oral health teams in the public service, in the COVID-19 pandemic, from the point of view of managers. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative study, with 163 municipal health managers in Bahia, who answered a virtual questionnaire, from June to October 2020. The descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, and Thematic Analysis was applied to the subjective responses, using IRaMuTeQ. The scope of action of oral health teams, which operate at all levels of health care, was recognized as broader than the traditional in this period. The pandemic emphasized the chronic problems in the working conditions of dentists, technicians, and oral health assistants in the public service, such as the lack of dental instruments and supplies, the precarious maintenance of dental equipment, the fragility of employment relationships, and the inadequate physical structure in the health units, compromising biosecurity. Thus, there is an opportunity to identify and implement necessary changes not only in the context of a health crisis, but in the post-pandemic period.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho dos profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal da rede pública na pandemia da covid-19 do ponto de vista dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, com 163 gestores municipais de saúde da Bahia, que responderam a um questionário virtual, de junho a outubro de 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Science, e Análise Temática das respostas subjetivas, com auxílio do IRaMuTeQ. Um escopo de atuação das equipes de saúde bucal, que atuam em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, foi reconhecido como mais abrangente que o tradicional nesse período. A pandemia deu ênfase às fragilidades crônicas nas condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos e auxiliares de saúde bucal da rede pública, como a insuficiência de instrumentais odontológicos e de insumos, a precária manutenção dos equipamentos odontológicos, a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios e a estrutura física inadequada nas unidades de saúde, comprometendo a biossegurança. Assim, abre-se uma oportunidade para identificar e implementar mudanças necessárias não apenas no contexto de crise sanitária, mas também no período pós-pandemia.