Studies offering curriculum framework for institutional internalisation of criminology and forensics studies and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) within the Criminal Justice System (CJS) are scarce. This article gives a scoping review of these concepts, which are currently presented separately, as they are from distant study fields. As a result, the objective of this article is to establish the current link between criminology and forensic studies to enhance the South African CJS and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) curriculum frameworks, while integrating theory and practice. This qualitative scoping review was supported by the adapted version of methodology framework by Arksey, Hilary and O'Malley, Lisa of 2005 to search for approximately 9 031 relevant studies from fundamental databases and 139 000 internet sources focusing on South African context and other international countries. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for data analysis, coupled with the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). This article confirmed that combining forensic criminology features could transform the South African CJS and HEIs offerings. For recommendations, the Qualifications Board should expedite the registration of forensic criminology as a profession consisting of professional qualification, guided by ethical and disciplinary rules. Overall, limited prioritisations, slow registration process to a "Scientific Board" and advancement of this discipline negatively affect immediate responses to achieve the WIL. The knowledge, attitudes, skills and values gained during participating in the South African Future Professors Programme (FPP) Phase 2 Cohort 1 2022-2023 offered contributions to the field of professorship thereof.

Abstract The article is the result of an ethnographic research developed with the Arhuaco indigenous people of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, between 2017 and 2020, from my participation as an expert witness before the Supreme Court of Justice (highest instance of criminal and penal matters in the country), in the process of seeking justice for the detention, torture and murder of three indigenous authorities in 1990. In the article I analyze the complex process of the Arhuaco people to confront this act of violence, by undertaking a socio-legal mobilization that invoked the presence of the Colombian state with the prosecution of what happened to the three authorities. Colombia 201 2020 highest country, country , country) detention 1990 violence sociolegal socio legal 20 202 199 2 19 1

Resumen El artículo es resultado de una investigación etnográfica desarrollada con el pueblo indígena arhuaco de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en Colombia, entre 2017 y 2020, a partir de mi participación como perita ante la Corte Suprema de Justicia (máxima instancia de los asuntos penales y criminales en el país), en el proceso de búsqueda de justicia por la detención, tortura y asesinato de tres autoridades indígenas en 1990. Sobre la base de esta experiencia pretendo analizar en el artículo el complejo recorrido del pueblo arhuaco para enfrentar este hecho de violencia, al emprender una movilización sociolegal que invocó la presencia del estado colombiano con la judicialización de lo ocurrido a las tres autoridades. Colombia 201 2020 máxima país, país , país) detención 1990 violencia 20 202 199 2 19 1

Abstract This investigation uses the method of decision analysis to analyze the positioning of the Sergipe Court of Justice, between 2020 and 2022, about the refusal of companies that offer transportation service via app to effect or cancel to remain in their registry with drivers who respond to criminal proceedings without final and unappealable decisions. The analysis of the decisions is based on some strategic theoretical frameworks, as based on the concepts of sacrificial citizenship and the economization of law, neoliberalism as a rationality and a deep process, and capitalism as surveillance. As a result, it was identified that the TJSE prioritized the contractual autonomy, the freedom to guide objective safety criteria, the misalignment of drivers with the Term and Conditions for use over the principles of the presumption of innocence and the social function of the contract. To problematize this scenario, the article also questions about the (un)protection of workers' personal data by app, the lack of transparency in the use of new technologies to collect data regarding ongoing criminal cases as a way to reiterate old social or labor exclusions. Finally, it concludes on the approximation of the grounds handled by the Sergipe Court of Justice with the new economic demands of neoliberal management, such as the reduction of the constitutional pact in favor of corporate autonomy, both on the disposability of subjects and on the irregular capture of their personal data. 202 2022 frameworks law process surveillance result autonomy criteria contract scenario unprotection un protection workers exclusions Finally management 20 2

Resumo Esta investigação utiliza o método de análises de decisões para examinar o posicionamento do Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe, entre 2020 e 2022, sobre a recusa das empresas que oferecem o serviço de transporte via aplicativo de efetivar ou de permanecer em seu cadastro com motoristas que respondem a processos criminais sem decisões transitadas em julgado. A análise das decisões parte de alguns marcos teóricos estratégicos, como o conceito de cidadania sacrificial e da economicização do direito, do neoliberalismo enquanto uma racionalidade e um processo profundo, do capitalismo como vigilância. Como resultado, identificou-se que o TJSE priorizou a autonomia contratual, a liberdade para pautar critérios objetivos de segurança, o desalinhamento dos motoristas com o Termo e as Condições para uso em detrimento dos princípios da presunção de inocência e da função social do contrato. Para problematizar este cenário o artigo ainda questiona sobre a (des)proteção dos dados pessoais dos trabalhadores por aplicativo, a falta de transparência na utilização de novas tecnologias para coletar dados referentes a processos criminais em andamento como forma de reiterar velhas exclusões sociais ou laborais. Por fim, conclui-se sobre a aproximação dos fundamentos manejados pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe com as novas exigências econômicas da gestão neoliberal, tal como a redução do pacto constitucional em benefício da autonomia empresarial, tanto sobre a descartabilidade dos sujeitos, como sobre a captação irregular de seus dados pessoais. 202 2022 julgado estratégicos direito profundo vigilância resultado identificouse identificou se contratual segurança contrato desproteção des proteção laborais fim concluise conclui neoliberal empresarial sujeitos 20 2

Abstract Every year, thousands of students enter higher education, often facing personal and academic This study consists of the first national mapping of hate crimes with homophobic and/or transphobic motivations against sexual and gender diversity in Portugal. The objective of this article focuses on analyzing the process of monitoring and stratifying hate crimes with homophobic and/or transphobic motivations by the Portuguese State, verifying their specificities as a result of the current legal framework and the phenomena of underreporting, revictimization and impunity for these crimes. cases. This investigation carried out the mapping and identification of 33 Criminal Investigations, belonging to 20 districts of the Public Ministry between 2015 and 2020. After the identification of the Unique Crime Process Identifier Number - NUIPC by the Judiciary Police and authorization to consult the procedural documents to the Departments of Investigation and Criminal Action - DIAPs of the MP, the data collection process was carried out in 29 Criminal Inquiries. The present investigation consists of a descriptive study of mixed methods, carried out through document analysis through content analysis, with regard to data processing. The data collection instrument was supported by case reporting documents, notably: reporting records, news records and emails with records of criminal complaints. The complaints analyzed highlight the need to review the Brazilian legal framework in relation to hate crimes with homophobic and transphobic motivations, considering the “invisibility” of these records for official statistics and the absence of specific fields that collaborate in the process of identifying the motivation of these cases, as well as the difficulty in recognizing this violence by the competent authorities as hate crimes against Sexual Orientation Gender Identity Gender Expressions and Sexual Characteristics - OIEC of its victims, contexts that strengthen the process of invisibility of this data in Portugal, supporting the false statement that: “Everything is fine here!” when we consider the reality of this violence perpetrated daily in the country.

Resumo Este estudo consiste no primeiro mapeamento nacional de crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e/ou transfóbicas contra a diversidade sexual e de género em Portugal. O Objetivo deste artigo centra-se na análise do processo de monitorização e estratificação dos crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e/ou transfóbicas pelo Estado português, verificando suas especificidades em decorrência do enquadramento jurídico atual e dos fenómenos da subnotificação, revitimização e da impunidade destes casos. A referida investigação realizou o mapeamento e identificação de 33 Inquéritos Criminais, pertencentes à 20 comarcas do Ministério Público entre 2015 e 2020. Após a identificação do Número Único de Identificador de Processo Crime - NUIPC pela Polícia Judiciária e autorização para consulta das peças processuais aos Departamentos de Investigação e Ação Penal - DIAPs do MP, o processo de levantamento de dados foi realizado em 29 Inquéritos Criminais. A presente investigação, consiste em um estudo discritivo de métodos mistos, realizado através de análise documental por meio da análise de conteúdo, no que concerne ao tratamento de dados. O instrumento de levantamento de dados foi sustentado por documentos de denúncias de casos, designadamente: autos de denúncias, autos de notícias e e-mails com registos de queixas-crimes. As denúncias analisadas destacam a necessidade da revisão do enquadramento jurídico português em relação aos crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e transfóbicas considerando a “invisibilidade” destes registos para estatísticas oficiais e a ausência de campos específicos que colaborem no processo de identificação da motivação destes casos, bem como a dificuldade do reconhecimento desta violência pelas autoridades competentes enquanto crimes de ódio contra a Orientação Sexual Identidade de género Expressões de género e Características Sexuais - OIEC de suas vítimas, contextos estes que fortalecem o processo de invisibilidade destes dados em Portugal sustentando a falsa afirmação de que: “Por aqui está tudo bem!” ao considerarmos a realidade desta violência perpetrada cotidianamente no país.

Abstract Introduction/Frame: Treatment courts (TCs) were developed in the 1980s to address challenges facing individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) involved in the criminal justice (CJ) system. TCs are an alternative to the punitive nature of the CJ system by joining SUD treatment with the accountability of the judicial system. By design, treatment court (TC) implementations are highly varied. Each implementation adopts the National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) key components that are consistent with yet bound by their community resources, values, and political realities. Research Questions/Objective: Using qualitative community-based participatory research, two case studies and one phenomenological study were conducted with treatment courts in a mid-Atlantic state in the USA to examine successful TC operations. Methodology: Using purposive sampling, the analytic plan included individual semi-structured interviews with judges, TC team members, program graduates, and community stakeholders. Interviews were professionally transcribed and coded consistent with thematic analysis procedures. Results: Analysis revealed themes of judicial sovereignty juxtaposed with a lack of knowledge of SUDs, the importance of a fully dedicated coordinator to serve as an extension of the judge, and purposeful courtroom set-up and norms conducive to a therapeutic rather than punitive approach. Final Considerations: Transferable recommendations to other specialty docket evaluators and teams which can be adopted to fit a variety of dockets, including mental health court, veterans court, and juvenile court include mandatory judicial training, evolving operations norms, values alignment among the TC team, and a TC coordinator to oversee day-to-day operations. In addition, stakeholder engagement to drive an iterative evaluation process converges with the traditions of action research in community settings.

Resumen La inteligencia artificial (IA) es una tecnología que ha revolucionado numerosos campos, incluyendo el proceso penal. En la actualidad, se están desarrollando sistemas de IA capaces de analizar grandes cantidades de datos, lo que puede ayudar a los tribunales a tomar decisiones más informadas y precisas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de la inteligencia artificial como herramienta de mejora y optimización de los procesos penales en Ecuador. A través de una metodología de revisión bibliográfica se recabó toda la información tendiente a entender el uso de la IA en el proceso penal para aumentar la eficiencia y eficacia del proceso penal, así como la identificación de patrones en grandes conjuntos de datos. Como resultado de la presente investigación, se pudieron evidenciar, entre otros, sistemas basados en IA para estudiar a los sospechosos más probables y a los patrones de delito para prevenir futuros delitos. Se evidenció que el uso de la IA en el proceso penal también plantea preocupaciones en cuanto a la privacidad y la seguridad de los datos, así como preguntas sobre cómo la IA afectaría la toma de decisiones judiciales, ya que algunos temen que los algoritmos de IA sean sesgados o discriminatorios.

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that has revolutionized numerous fields, including criminal proceedings. AI systems capable of analyzing large amounts of data are currently being developed, which can help courts make more informed and accurate decisions. This article aims to analyze the role of artificial intelligence as a tool for improving and optimizing criminal processes in Ecuador. Through a bibliographic review methodology, all the information aimed at understanding the use of AI in the criminal process was collected to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal process, as well as the identification of patterns in large data sets. As a result of this investigation, it was possible to demonstrate, among others, AI-based systems to study the most likely suspects and crime patterns to prevent future crimes. It is evident that the use of AI in criminal proceedings also raises concerns regarding privacy and data security, as well as questions about how AI would affect judicial decision-making, as some fear that AI algorithms are biased or discriminatory.

ABSTRACT: In German criminal procedural law, it is possible to forbid the judge to assess a certain piece of evidence regardless of whether it has been legally obtained. This institution is called in German unselbstständiges Beweisverbot. The main justification for such exclusionary rule is constitutional: the assessment of a piece of evidence could lead to a violation of the fundamental rights of the individual. This paper analyzes the independent prohibition to use evidence in German scholarship and case law in order to ask whether its constituent elements are ascertainable in Chilean criminal procedural law and whether the solution proposed at the constitutional level in German law represents a plausible alternative in Chilean constitutional law.

RESUMEN: En el derecho procesal penal alemán es admisible prohibir la valoración por el juez de un elemento probatorio con independencia de haber sido éste obtenido lícitamente. Estas son las llamadas prohibiciones de valoración de prueba independiente. La principal justificación para tales prohibiciones es constitucional: la valoración misma de un medio de prueba podría constituir una infracción a los derechos fundamentales de las personas. Este trabajo analiza las prohibiciones de valoración independientes en la doctrina y jurisprudencia alemana, con el fin de preguntarse si sus elementos constitutivos son constatables en el derecho procesal penal chileno, y si la vía de solución propuesta a nivel constitucional desde el derecho alemán representa una alternativa plausible en el derecho constitucional chileno.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar de manera detallada el procedimiento para solicitar la prescripción de contravenciones de tránsito, abordando la complejidad asociada con la confusión y falta de conocimiento sobre el trámite adecuado y la aplicación correcta del proceso de prescripción. La investigación adopta un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando métodos como la hermenéutica jurídica, el análisis sintético y el método inductivo deductivo. Se examinan los criterios de la administración pública y los operadores de justicia, analizando sus perspectivas mediante la dogmática jurídica y en concordancia con la normativa ecuatoriana. La investigación pretende ser una guía integral para estudiantes y practicantes del derecho penal, facilitando la adaptación a casos específicos. Entre las conclusiones relevantes se destaca la identificación de varios procedimientos respaldados jurídicamente por las partes involucradas.

ABSTRACT This article aims to explore in detail the procedure for requesting the prescription of traffic violations, addressing the complexity associated with confusion and lack of knowledge about the appropriate procedure and the correct application of the prescription process. The research adopts a qualitative approach, using methods such as legal hermeneutics, synthetic analysis and the inductive-deductive method. The criteria of the public administration and justice operators are examined, analyzing their perspectives through legal dogmatics and in accordance with Ecuadorian regulations. The research aims to be a comprehensive guide for students and practitioners of criminal law, facilitating adaptation to specific cases. Among the relevant conclusions, the identification of several procedures legally supported by the parties involved stands out.

Resumen El artículo plantea un primer abordaje del Decreto-ley de Régimen Penal de la Minoridad promulgado por la última dictadura militar en Argentina en 1980. El objetivo principal de la investigación será contextualizar la sanción de esta normativa que estableció formalmente la edad de punibilidad de los niños en conflicto con la ley en catorce años y cuyas principales disposiciones continúan vigentes hasta la actualidad. El trabajo hace foco en tres puntos: el funcionamiento legislativo del Estado durante el período dictatorial y la conformación de la comisión que intervino en el proyecto, la trayectoria y los vínculos de sociabilidad entre algunos de los profesionales que integraron dicha comisión, y el contexto general en el que se encontraba el campo de la minoridad previamente y durante el proceso de promulgación de esta legislación. Esta primera aproximación procura contribuir a ampliar el panorama sobre las políticas de minoridad de la dictadura, un aspecto hasta el momento poco transitado en la Historia reciente, que ha tendido a concentrar su mirada principalmente en los niños y niñas víctimas de la sustracción y apropiación ilegal.

Abstract The paper proposes a first approach to the decree-law of the Minority Criminal Regime promulgated by the last military dictatorship in Argentina in 1980. The main objective of this research is to contextualize the sanction of this regulation that formally establishes the age of criminal responsibility for children in conflict with the law in fourteen years and whose main regulations prevail until today. The research focuses on three subjects: the legislative mechanisms of the State during the dictatorial period and the formation of the commission that intervened in the project, the trajectory and sociability links between some of the experts that made up said commission, and the general context in which the field of minority was found prior to and during the process of enacting this legislation. This first approach seeks to contribute to the knowledge about the minority policies of the dictatorship, an aspect hitherto unexplored in the field of recent history, which has tended to focus its gaze on the children victims of illegal abduction and appropriation.

Abstract Data mining in the context of criminal occupation risk focuses on the application of analytical techniques to identify patterns, trends and correlations that may indicate the presence of illegal armed groups in the territories. The study presents the calculation of the risks of occupation by the illegal groups Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and Los Pachelly in the municipalities of the department of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, the databases used correspond to open sources such as the Statistical, Criminal, Contraventional and Operational Information System of the National Police (SIEDCO), the Directorate of Criminal Investigation and INTERPOL (DIJIN), the Colombian Drug Information System (SIDCO), the Ministry of Defence, the National Institute of Legal Medicine, the Land Observatory, the Unit for the Attention and Integral Reparation of Victims, the Ombudsman’s Office, the Directorate of Substitution of Illicitly Used Crops, the E. S.E. Hospital Carisma, the Departmental Information Directorate-Government of Antioquia, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and the Ministry of National Education. We also used the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology and combined principal component analysis (PCA) and the Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) technique to identify in the data the social, economic, labour, educational and criminal variables that most contribute to the risk of the presence of criminal structures in the municipalities, which allowed us to classify them as low risk, medium risk, medium-high risk, high risk and very high risk. The results show that 26% of the municipalities would have a high risk for the Clan del Golfo, 11% for the ELN and another 12% for Los Pachelly. Furthermore, it was found that the results can be used in a prototype of an integrated early warning system to detect risks of criminal occupation.

Resumo A mineração de dados no contexto do risco de ocupação criminosa concentra-se na aplicação de técnicas analíticas para identificar padrões, tendências e correlações que possam indicar a presença de grupos armados ilegais nos territórios. O estudo apresenta o cálculo dos riscos de ocupação pelos grupos ilegais Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) e Los Pachelly nos municípios do departamento de Antioquia, na Colômbia. Para isso, os bancos de dados utilizados correspondem a fontes abertas, como o Sistema de Informação Estatística, Criminosa, Contravencional e Operacional da Polícia Nacional, a Direção de Investigação Criminosa e Interpol, o Sistema de Informação sobre Drogas da Colômbia, o Ministério da Defesa, o Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, o Observatório da Terra, a Unidade de Atenção e Reparação Integral de Vítimas, a Defensoria do Povo, a Direção de Substituição de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito, o E.S.E. Hospital Carisma, o Centro de Estudos de Drogas e o Centro de Estudos de Drogas da Colômbia. S.E. Hospital Carisma, a Direção de Informação Estadual-Governo de Antioquia, o Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística e o Ministério de Educação Nacional. També musamos a metodologia Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining e combinamos a análise de componentes principais e a técnica Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) para identificar nos dados as variáveis sociais, econômicas, trabalhistas, educacionais e criminais que mais contribuem para o risco de presença de estruturas criminosas nos municípios, o que permitiu classificá-los como de baixo risco, médio risco, médio-alto risco, alto risco e muito alto risco. Os resultados mostram que 26 % dos municípios estão em alto risco para o Clã do Golfo, 11 % para o ELN e outros 12 % para Los Pachelly. Além disso, verificou-se que os resultados podem ser usados em um protótipo de um sistema integrado de alerta precoce para detectar riscos de ocupação criminosa.

Resumen La minería de datos en el contexto del riesgo de ocupación criminal, se centra en la aplicación de técnicas analíticas para identificar patrones, tendencias y correlaciones que puedan indicar la presencia de grupos armados ilegales en los territorios. El estudio presenta el cálculo de los riesgos de ocupación por parte de los grupos ilegales Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) y Los Pachelly en los municipios del departamento de Antioquia en Colombia. Para ello, las bases de datos utilizadas corresponden a fuentes abiertas como el Sistema de Información Estadístico, Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo de la Policía Nacional (SIEDCO), la Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL (DIJIN), el Sistema de Información de Drogas de Colombia (SIDCO), el Ministerio de Defensa, el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, el Observatorio de Tierras, la Unidad para la Atención y Reparación Integral a las Víctimas, la Defensoría del Pueblo, la Dirección de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito, la E.S.E. Hospital Carisma, la Dirección de Información Departamental-Gobernación de Antioquia, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y el Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Asimismo, utilizamos la metodología Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) y se combinó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y la técnica Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) para identificar en los datos las variables sociales, económicas, laborales, educacionales y criminales que mayormente aportan al riesgo de presencia de las estructuras criminales en los municipios, lo que permitió clasificarlos en riesgo bajo, riesgo medio, riesgo medio-alto, riesgo alto y riesgo muy alto. Los resultados muestran que el 26 % de los municipios tendrían un riesgo alto para el Clan del Golfo, el 11 % con el ELN y otro 12 % para Los Pachelly. Además, se encontró que los resultados pueden utilizarse en un prototipo de un sistema integrado de alerta temprana para detectar riesgos de ocupación criminal.

The provision of political goods and governance in marginalised local communities, located in Cape Town, South Africa, during the national lockdown periods (due to the COVID-19 pandemic) is described. The focus is on an African city, drawing attention to the growing importance of urban governance on the continent. Rapid urbanisation and emergency periods (such as the pandemic) are adding to the complexity of the urban space. This study found that communities in the city relied mostly on themselves for the provision of goods, and that the provision of security remains a critical political good, informing governance. However, the findings confront literature on a hierarchy of political goods, in which security is at the apex. In the given context, the sequence of the provision of goods changes to a non-hierarchical process. The fulfilment of other political goods will facilitate improved provision of security. Good governance needs to be informed by an integrated approach to, and the synchronous fulfilment of, political goods. SIGNIFICANCE: • During times of emergencies, already marginalised urban communities experience greater political neglect and are left to protect themselves and to provide for each other. • These communities experience desertion across the spectrum of political goods. • Resilience in such communities needs to be improved through good governing principles. • Although optimal local level governance relies heavily on the provision of security, the importance of the provision of education, employment, political freedom, housing, and health services (to mention a few) requires renewed attention.

Abstract We present an analysis of the phenomenon of female incarceration in Brazil, placing it as a concrete determination of the capitalist mode of production. We start from the issue of how the categories of gender and race act as structural elements of Brazilian penal control, based on the reading proposed by Angela Davis, in dialogue with authors of Brazilian feminist. For this reason, initially, we will promote initial debates about oppression as structures of social relations in capitalism. Subsequently, it will be necessary to discuss the oppression of gender and race in the Brazilian context, especially considering the overload of reproductive, invisible, and precarious work. Finally, we will analyze the consolidation of Brazilian punitive control as an instrument for the management of disposable bodies and the constant production and reproduction of racism and sexism in Brazilian culture. We will use materialistic analysis as a methodology, with the critical interpellation (ana-dialectical moment of the method) through the critical analytical, theoretical framework of the black feminism theory. With the formulations, we can conclude, in short, that the violent and racist management of the penal system maintains a solid Brazilian social structure, subjecting the bodies of black women to the harder process of vulnerability imposed by punitive state control. Brazil Davis feminist reason initially capitalism Subsequently context reproductive invisible work Finally culture methodology anadialectical ana dialectical method analytical theory formulations conclude short structure

Resumo Apresentamos uma análise do fenômeno do encarceramento feminino no Brasil, situando-o como determinação concreta do modo de produção capitalista. Partimos da problemática a respeito de como as categorias de gênero e raça atuam como elementos estruturantes do controle penal brasileiro, a partir da leitura proposta por Angela Davis, em diálogo com autoras do pensamento feminista brasileiro. Para tanto, buscaremos inicialmente traçar debates acerca das opressões como estruturantes das relações sociais no modo capitalista de produção. Posteriormente, discutiremos as opressões de gênero e raça no contexto brasileiro, em especial considerando a sobrecarga de trabalhos reprodutivos, invisíveis e precários sobre as mulheres. Por fim, analisaremos a consolidação do controle punitivo brasileiro enquanto instrumento de gestão de corpos descartáveis e constante produção e reprodução de racismo e sexismo na cultura brasileira. Utilizaremos como metodologia, a análise materialista, com a interpelação crítica (momento ana-dialético do método) por meio do marco teórico analítico crítico do feminismo negro. Com as formulações apresentadas, poderemos concluir, em síntese, pela gestão violenta e racista do sistema penal de forma a manter sólida a estrutura social brasileira, sujeitando os corpos das mulheres negras ao maior processo de vulnerabilidade imposto pelo controle punitivo estatal. Brasil situandoo situando o Davis tanto Posteriormente reprodutivos fim brasileira metodologia materialista momento anadialético ana dialético método negro apresentadas concluir síntese estatal

Abstract Frequently, aggressiveness and violence are used as synonymous. However, these are two complex and different phenomena that scientists and philosophers have studied. In this paper, we make a difference between aggressiveness and violence. Aggressiveness must be considered utilitarian behavior that harms or destroys objects or subjects. Aggressiveness is a primitive way to conduct, and here, we discuss anatomic and functional encephalic systems. This involuntary and instinctive behavior is triggered when the animal is required to hunt a press, defend its territory when young, or compete for a mate for reproductive purposes. The aggressiveness will be violence when it pursues a social, political, economic, or criminal goal. A violent or aggressive act is not distinguished by the outcome but by intentionality. Indeed, a violent action could have the same material consequences as an aggressive act with a different goal. Aggression-violence is a biological phenomenon and the result of culture, societal life, political relations, and current moral conditions. We often tend to simplify the phenomena, and we have discussed aggressiveness-violence, but there are also other phenomena, such as empathy and mirror behavior. Empathy, compassion, and affection should be studied alongside the aggressive-violent process.

Abstract This paper proposes to give the kick to discuss a legal theory about using plea bargaining in Latin America. First of all, we do a review of the different research that legal and sociolegal scholars conducted on this phenomenon. Then, we describe the risk of plea bargaining in the US criminal justice system based on the recent report by the American Bar Association and ask: Can something similar be thought of for our country? Finally, and after pointing out some hypotheses for future work, we conclude the necessity of building a theory on plea bargaining to establish deontological and legal limits in its use. America all phenomenon Then ask country Finally work use

Resumen En el presente trabajo nos proponemos dar el puntapié para discutir una teoría legal sobre la utilización del juicio abreviado en Latinoamérica. En primer lugar, hacemos un recorrido sobre los distintos modos de abordaje que la literatura legal y sociológica han realizado sobre el fenómeno en Argentina. Luego, describimos los riesgos que la utilización del plea bargaining genera en el sistema penal norteamericano y, a partir del reciente informe elaborado por la American Bar Association, nos preguntamos si algo similar puede ser pensado para nuestro país. Finalmente, y luego de señalar algunas hipótesis de trabajo futuro, concluimos que es necesario avanzar hacia una teoría dogmática del juicio abreviado que establezca límites legales y deontológicos en su utilización. Latinoamérica lugar Argentina Luego Association país Finalmente futuro

Abstract This study conducts a socio-historical interpretation of illegal mining fronts and their affinities with two criminal groups, Comando Vermelho (CV) and Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), which violently expanded from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo to the Amazon region, starting in 2014. The hypotheses is that the native concept of “narcogarimpo,” emerging in the current context, can help illustrate trends in a process of reorganization of criminal ecology in the Brazilian Amazon. In order to support hypotheses, the study relies on literature review and constant dialogue with empirically collected data through ethnological reflection and ethnographic practice, direct observation, research in documentary archives, among other methods.

Resumo Neste estudo realizamos uma interpretação sócio-histórica das frentes de mineração ilegal e suas afinidades com dois grupos criminosos, Comando Vermelho (CV) e Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), que se expandiram violentamente do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo para a região da Amazônia a partir de 2016. Nossa hipótese é que o conceito nativo de “narcogarimpo”, emergente no contexto atual, pode ajudar a ilustrar tendências em um processo de reorganização da ecologia criminosa na Amazônia brasileira. Para fundamentar nossas hipóteses, contamos tanto com a revisão da literatura quanto com o diálogo constante com dados coletados empiricamente por meio da reflexão etnológica e da prática etnográfica, da observação direta, da pesquisa em arquivos documentais, entre outros métodos.

Resumen Este estudio lleva a cabo una interpretación sociohistórica de los frentes de minería ilegal y sus afinidades con los dos grupos criminales, Comando Vermelho (CV) y Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), que se expandieron violentamente desde Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo hacia la región amazónica, a partir de 2014. Se sostiene la hipótesis de que la concepción nativa “narcogarimpo”, que surgió en el contexto actual, puede contribuir a ilustrar tendencias en un proceso de reorganización de la ecología criminal en la Amazonía brasileira. Para fundamentar la hipótesis, se recurrió a la revisión bibliográfica y al diálogo constante con los datos empíricos que se recopilaron mediante la reflexión etnológica y la práctica etnográfica, la observación directa, la investigación en archivos documentales, entre otros.