Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los componentes de la innovación organizacional en pymes vitivinícolas chilenas elaboradoras de vino embotellado, a fin de permitir el fortalecimiento de estrategias de internacionalización en mercados globales en relación a los principales países de referencia internacional del sector, y con ello robustecer la competitividad en mercados cosmopolitas con tradición vitivinícola. En términos operativos se acoge a cinco etapas, definidas como levantamiento de la base de datos de pymes vitivinícolas, diseño del instrumento (cuestionario) y aplicación del instrumento a empresas en un trabajo de campo, continuando con una etapa de procesamiento, análisis y sistematización de la información recogida mediante herramientas de ofimática -principalmente el programa estadístico SPSS 21- y, finalmente, una etapa de entrega de resultados a cada una de las empresas componentes del estudio. Como principales resultados es posible señalar que las pymes vitivinícolas ganan legitimidad a través de la innovación organizacional como estrategia corporativa para contar con las oportunidades de permanencia en los mercados nacionales e internacionales, que se traduce de manera práctica en la aplicación de un nuevo modelo de internacionalización.

Abstract This investigation aims to determine the components of the organizational innovation in Chilean bottled wine SMEs, to strengthen the internationalization strategy in global markets, concerning the leading countries with international recognition. These results should help enhance competitiveness in cosmopolitan markets with wine tradition. In operational terms, it includes five stages: data collection from wine SMEs, instrument design (questionnaire), application of this instrument in companies through personalized field work, processing, analysis, and systematization of the collected data through office automation instruments-mainly the SPSS statistical program for a validation-and delivery of these results to each of the participant companies. As one of the primary outcomes, wine SMEs are gaining legitimacy through organization innovation as a corporate strategy to have opportunities to stay in national and international markets.

Resumo O objetivo desta investigação é determinar os componentes da inovação organizacional em pymes vitivinícolas chilenas elaboradoras de vinho em garrafa, para permitir o fortalecimento de estratégias de internacionalização em mercados globais em relação aos principais paises de referência internacional do setor, e com isso robustecer a competitividade em mercados cosmopolitas com tradição vitivinícola. Em termos operativos acolhe-se a cinco etapas, definidas como levantamento da base de dados de PMEs vitivinícolas, desenho do instrumento (questionário) e aplicação do instrumento a empresas num trabalho de campo, continuando com uma etapa de processamento, análise e sistematização da informação recolhida mediante ferramientas de ofimática -principalmente o programa estadístico SPSS 21- e, finalmente, uma etapa de entrega de resultados a cada uma das empresas componentes do estudo. Como principais resultados é possível apontar que as PMEs vitivinícolas ganham legitimidade através da inovação organizacional como estratégia corporativa para contar com as oportunidades de permanência nos mercados nacionais e internacionais, o que se traduz na práctica na aplicação de um novo modelo de internacionalização.

Abstract This article explores the impact of the gastronomic boom on gentrification processes in Lima, Peru, during the last two decades. It is an ethnographic study conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2016 in the Santa Cruz housing development, which used to be a working-class neighborhood located in the Miraflores district. The central focus is the analysis of the personal narratives of change and belonging of residents, workers, and visitors, supported by photographic practice. In particular, it is based on the experience of Carlos, a young actor who after living several years in London returns to Peru to start a business and, taking advantage of competitive prices in Santa Cruz, opens a gourmet bakery in the neighborhood. Using the notion of “cosmopolitan imagination,” we show the different ways in which Carlos recontextualizes his experience in London in the specificity of La Mar, negotiating the limits, meanings and values of the places, people, and cultural practices that arise from inhabiting this space of change. Ultimately, Carlos’s bakery becomes a meeting point for linking or negotiating different strategies and experiences of belonging to the area, materializing power dynamics that emerge inside and outside the business, thus shaping the commodification of Santa Cruz.

Resumen En el presente artículo se explora el impacto del auge gastronómico en los procesos de gentrificación en Lima, Perú, durante las últimas dos décadas. Se trata de una investigación etnográfica realizada en 2012, 2014 y 2016 en la urbanización de Santa Cruz, que solía ser un barrio obrero ubicado en el distrito Miraflores. El enfoque central es el análisis de las narrativas personales de cambio y pertenencia de las personas residentes, trabajadoras y visitantes de la zona, apoyado en la práctica fotográfica. Se basa en la experiencia de Carlos, un joven actor que después de vivir varios años en Londres regresa al Perú para emprender y tomando ventaja de los precios competitivos en Santa Cruz, abre una panadería gourmet en el barrio. A partir de la idea de “imaginación cosmopolita”, se muestran las distintas formas en las que Carlos recontextualiza su experiencia en Londres en la especificidad de La Mar, negociando los límites, significados y valores de los lugares, personas y prácticas culturales que surgen al habitar este espacio de cambio. Finalmente, la panadería de Carlos se transforma en un punto de encuentro para vincular o negociar distintas estrategias y experiencias de pertenencia a la zona, materializando dinámicas de poder que emergen dentro y fuera del negocio, marcando así la mercantilización de Santa Cruz.

Abstract The text analyzes the men and women who purchased a ship ticket to sail the Atlantic and the Pacific and disembark in the Mexican ports of Matamoros, Tampico, Veracruz, Campeche, Guaymas, Mazatlan, San Blas and Acapulco in the period of 1822-1870. The article posits that the passengers were heterogeneous both in their origins and in their composition. It emphasizes that the travellers were foreigners, mostly, and Mexicans, and did not belong exclusively to the mercantile or diplomatic sector. Serial and quantitative methods are used to detect trends and go beyond individual cases. The National General Archive of Mexico and the 19th century press are the primary sources. It concludes that Mexico was a cosmopolitan country that maintained contact with various corners of the world and that it is feasible to offer an overview of the flow of passengers that crossed the Mexican maritime borders in the 19th century.

Resumen El texto analiza a hombres y mujeres que adquirieron un boleto para navegar por el Atlántico y el Pacífico y desembarcar en los puertos mexicanos de Matamoros, Tampico, Veracruz, Campeche, Guaymas, Mazatlán, San Blas y Acapulco en el periodo de 1822-1870. Se argumenta que los pasajeros eran heterogéneos tanto en sus orígenes como en su composición. Se enfatiza que éstos eran extranjeros, en su mayoría, y mexicanos, y no pertenecieron exclusivamente al sector mercantil o diplomático. Se utilizan métodos seriales y cuantitativos para detectar tendencias e ir más allá de los casos particulares. El Archivo General de la Nación de México y la prensa decimonónica son las fuentes primarias. Se concluye que México era un país cosmopolita que mantuvo contacto con diversos rincones del mundo y que es factible ofrecer un panorama general del flujo de pasajeros que traspasaron las fronteras marítimas mexicanas en el siglo XIX.

Abstract Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan fungus widely distributed around the world. The different uses of this beneficial fungus are varied in several industries, like agriculture, textile, and paper, including the pharmaceutical industry. The genus Trichoderma has other mechanisms of action, including the production of different enzymes and secreted secondary metabolites used in various industries. The genomes of different Trichoderma species have been sequenced to identify the mechanisms for producing several compounds. The advancement of multiple technologies has allowed the development of transformation tools for the genetic improvement of Trichoderma, thus increasing biomass, primary and secondary metabolites, and enzymes. Therefore, genetic modification aims to increase compound production in several Trichoderma strains. Characterization of Trichoderma through gene expression analysis is essential for biotechnology applications. It helps counteract one of the most challenging problems for agriculture today, including climate change and the appearance of pathogens that attack crops with high commercial and food demand. In conclusion, this review analyzes various strategies to improve Trichoderma strains genetically and their multiple applications in the agricultural, textile, paper, and pharmaceutical industries. As a recommendation for future studies with potential impact, the optimization of specific genetic modifications in Trichoderma strains is recommended to improve their adaptability and effectiveness in combating emerging challenges in agriculture, especially those linked to climate change. Investigating possible synergies between genetically modified Trichoderma strains and environmentally sustainable agricultural practices could contribute to developing solutions for crop protection and yield improvement.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Dentro de la familia Cranchiidae, las especies del género Leachia conocidos como calamares de “cristal” tienen una distribución cosmopolita; con tres especies que habitan en el Pacífico tropical: L. pacifica, L. danae y L. dislocata. Sin embargo, debido a los escasos registros, se conoce muy poco sobre aspectos biológicos básicos de este grupo. Objetivo: En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez la presencia de juveniles y adultos de L. dislocata, además se aportan datos de su estructura de tallas, proporción de sexos y relación peso-longitud. Métodos: Los especímenes de L. dislocata fueron recolectados en el Golfo de Tehuantepec durante abril de 2022, en un crucero pesquero y oceanográfico del Instituto Mexicano de Investigación en Pesca y Acuacultura Sustentables a bordo del buque de investigación Dr. Jorge Carranza Fraser del Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura del Gobierno de México. Se realizaron 50 lances de pesca distribuidos, previa visualización con ecosonda científica. Resultados: Se presentaron 128 organismos de L. dislocata, 82 hembras, 34 machos, y 12 juveniles. La proporción de sexos tuvo una clara predominancia de hembras (3H:1M, p < 0.05). La relación entre la Longitud del manto y el peso, tanto para hembras y machos presentó un crecimiento alométrico negativo (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Estos nuevos registros representan el límite más al sur de la distribución geográfica de esta especie. La presencia de juveniles y adultos aquí reportados, junto con los registros previos de paralarvas, proporcionan evidencia de que el Golfo de Tehuantepec es un área de reproducción de esta especie.

ABSTRACT Background: Within the Cranchiidae family, species of the genus Leachia known as “glass” squid, have a cosmopolitan distribution. There are three species that inhabit the tropical Pacific: L. pacifica, L. danae and L. dislocata. However, due to few records, very little is known about basic biological aspects of this group. Objective: In this work, the presence of juveniles and adults of L. dislocata is reported for the first time, and data on its size structure, sex ratio and weight-length relationship are also provided. Methods: L. dislocata specimens were collected during April 2022, in a fishing and oceanographic cruise aboard the research vessel Dr. Jorge Carranza Fraser of the Mexican Institute for Research in Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture of the National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Government of Mexico. 50 distributed fishing hauls were made, after visualization with a scientific echo sounder. Results: 128 organisms of L. dislocata were presented, with a total of 82 females, 34 males, and 12 juveniles. The sex ratio had a clear predominance of females (3H:1M, p < 0.05). The relationship between mantle length and weight for females and males presented a negative allometric growth (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These new records represent the southernmost limit of the geographic distribution of this species. On the other hand, the presence of juveniles and adults reported here, along with previous records of paralarvae, provide evidence that the Gulf of Tehuantepec is a breeding area for this species.

Abstract Species of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) are indirect life-cycle marine parasites. Planktonic crustaceans serve as first intermediate hosts, while fish and cephalopods as second intermediate or paratenic hosts, and finally the cycle is completed in cetaceans, marine mammals that are the main definitive hosts of the genus. In the life cycle, Anisakis larvae can be ingested by humans as accidental hosts, which can cause anisakiasis, a zoonosis acquired through the consumption of raw or marinated fish and cephalopods. These nematodes have a cosmopolitan distribution; however, their diversity has been poorly studied in the southern hemisphere. Therefore, diversity of Anisakis spp. larvae present in two host species in Chile was evaluated by combining morphometric and genetic analysis. For this purpose, Anisakis spp. larvae were collected from the abdominal cavity of hake Merluccius gayi and the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas from fishing ports in the Biobío Region, Chile. Morphometric characterization of Anisakis spp. larvae consisted of measuring the length of the esophagus, esophageal ventricle, tail, total length and maximum body width. The nuclear ITS (ITS1- ITS2) and mitochondrial COX2 molecular regions were used for genetic analysis. Morphometric results revealed that Anisakis larvae extracted from D. gigas were significantly longer than those collected from M. gayi, suggesting high host-dependent phenotypic variability. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses determined the presence of Anisakis pegreffii in both host, however, demonstrated low genetic differentiation and nucleotide diversity among sequences, indicating low genetic variability for the data set. This work constitutes the first molecular record of A. pegreffii in intermediate / paratenic hosts from the coast of Chile.

Resumen Las especies del género Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) son parásitos marinos con ciclo de vida indirecto. Los crustáceos planctónicos intervienen como primeros hospedadores intermediarios, mientras que peces y cefalópodos intervienen como segundos hospedadores intermediarios o paraténicos, finalmente el ciclo se cierra en los cetáceos, mamíferos marinos que son los principales hospedadores definitivos del género. En el ciclo de vida, las larvas de Anisakis pueden ser ingeridas por el hombre interviniendo como huésped accidental, lo que puede ocasionar anisakiasis, una zoonosis adquirida a través del consumo de peces y cefalópodos crudos o marinados. Estos nemátodos tienen una distribución cosmopolita, sin embargo, su diversidad ha sido escasamente estudiada en el hemisferio Sur. Por tanto, se evaluó la diversidad de las larvas de Anisakis spp., presentes en dos especies de hospederos de Chile, combinando el análisis morfométrico y genético. Para ello, se recolectaron larvas de Anisakis spp. en la cavidad abdominal de la merluza Merluccius gayi y el calamar de Humboldt Dosidicus gigas, procedentes de terminales pesqueros de la región del Biobío, Chile. La caracterización morfométrica de las larvas de Anisakis spp., consistió en la medición de la longitud del esófago, ventrículo esofágico, cola, longitud total y ancho máximo del cuerpo. Para los análisis genéticos se usó la región molecular nuclear ITS (ITS1-ITS2) y mitocondrial COX2. Los resultados morfométricos revelaron que las larvas de Anisakis extraídas de D. gigas fueron significativamente de mayor longitud que las recolectadas en M. gayi, sugiriendo una alta variabilidad fenotípica hospedador-dependiente. Los análisis moleculares y filogenéticos determinaron la presencia de Anisakis pegreffii en ambos hospedadores, sin embargo, demostraron una baja diferenciación genética y diversidad nucleotídica entre las secuencias, indicando una escasa variabilidad genética para el conjunto de datos. Este trabajo constituye el primer registro molecular de A. pegreffii en hospedadores intermediario o paraténicos de la costa de Chile.

ABSTRACT Under the conjecture that embodied people draw expectations of emancipation on the basis of a certain historical horizon, this work investigates the limits and pressures that the current conditions of existence imprint on the political imagination of those who inhabit the south of the planet, at a time of increase in inequalities between human beings and aggression against the nature that we are and in which we live. This work traces, from a situated and feminist perspective, some significant temporal milestones because these marks in time account made possible a cosmopolitan horizon, in which we can take notice that the world with which we stay, in which we live, is one. Under the sign of the French Revolution, Kant constructed the idea of a cosmopolitan government and imagined a norm for regulating relations between states that would enable a hospitality capable of welcoming the stranger as a full subject of law. Under the imprint of 1848 (and also of 1871) Marx projected, from the terrain of history and class struggle, the possibility of an emancipation that could be international. The world today shows a desolate panorama: the globalization of the world with its aftermath of reification and commodification of nature, with the bet on war in its different versions as a way out of the capitalist crisis, with fierce competition for what has become scarce: fuel, land, water, seeds. Cosmopolitanism, as an ethical and political imperative, invites us to take on the challenge implied by the impossibility of reproducing life on the planet under the current conditions of capitalist globalization. The cosmopolitan horizon can no longer be the realm of abstract freedom, but that of the assumption of the determinations of the realm of necessity: dependence on the nature that we are and in which we live, the importance of the body, the need for food, affection, care that human been can only satisfy in community.

RESUMEN Bajo la conjetura de que las personas encarnadas dibujan las expectativas de emancipación sobre la base de un cierto horizonte histórico, este trabajo indaga por los límites y las presiones que las actuales condiciones de existencia imprimen sobre la imaginación política de quienes habitamos al sur del planeta, en un momento de aumento de las desigualdades entre seres humanos y de brutal agresión sobre la naturaleza que somos y en la cual vivimos. Este trabajo recorre, desde una perspectiva ubicada y feminista, algunos hitos temporales significativos pues esas marcas en el tiempo dan cuenta de momentos que hicieron posible un horizonte cosmopolita, en los cuales se pudo advertir hasta qué punto el mundo con el que nos hallamos, en el que vivimos, es uno. Bajo el signo de la Revolución francesa, Kant construyó la idea de un gobierno cosmopolita e imaginó una norma de regulación de las relaciones entre los Estados que habilitara una hospitalidad capaz de acoger al extranjero como sujeto pleno de derecho. Bajo la impronta de 1848 (y también de 1871) Marx proyectaba, desde el terreno de la historia y de la lucha de clases, la posibilidad de una emancipación que no podía sino ser internacional. El mundo muestra hoy un panorama desolador: la globalización del mundo con sus secuelas de cosificación y mercantilización de la naturaleza, con la apuesta a la guerra en sus distintas versiones como salida a la crisis capitalista, con la competencia feroz por lo que ha devenido escaso: los combustibles, la tierra, el agua, las semillas. El cosmopolitismo, como imperativo ético y político, nos invita a asumir el desafío que implica la imposibilidad de reproducción de la vida en el planeta bajo las actuales condiciones de globalización capitalista. El horizonte cosmopolita ya no puede ser el reino de la libertad abstracta, sino el de la asunción de las determinaciones del reino de la necesidad: la dependencia de la naturaleza que somos y en la cual vivimos, la importancia del cuerpo, la necesidad de alimento, afecto, cuidado que las personas solo podemos satisfacer en comunidad.

ABSTRACT This article develops key elements to consider that, despite cosmopolitan theoretical debates being determined by a Eurocentric conceptualization, there is a Latin American intellectual tradition that has innovatively advocated for cosmopolitanism as an essential political practice for the modern world. To develop the analysis of how the cosmopolitan imaginary was formed and transformed in Latin America over the two hundred years since the colonial emancipation process, two specific historical moments will be discussed, as well as the main intellectual traditions we identify regarding cosmopolitanism. The first moment to be discussed is the formation of nation-states (19th century). In a second moment, the discussion on the "racial" and postcolonial issue that emerged in Latin America during the 20th century is analyzed. Although it is correct to say that the historical path outlined does not cover all the defining moments and thoughts of the cosmopolitan imaginary in the region, we nonetheless offer a synthesis capable of supporting the argument about the process of historical conceptual development of the cosmopolitan imaginary in Latin America.

RESUMEN En este artículo se desarrollan elementos claves para pensar que, a pesar de que los debates teóricos cosmopolitas han sido determinados por una conceptualización eurocéntrica, existe una tradición intelectual latinoamericana que de manera renovadora ha abogado por el cosmopolitismo como práctica política esencial para el mundo moderno. Para desarrollar el análisis sobre cómo se formó y transformó el imaginario cosmopolita en América Latina en los doscientos años transcurridos desde el proceso de emancipación colonial, se discutirán dos momentos históricos específicos, así como las principales tradiciones intelectuales que identificamos con respecto del cosmopolitismo. El primer momento que será discutido es el de la formación de los estados nacionales (siglo XIX). En un segundo momento, se toma como objeto de análisis la discusión sobre la «cuestión racial» y poscolonial que emergieron en América Latina durante el siglo XX. Aunque sea correcto decir que el sendero histórico trazado no alcanza a abarcar todos los momentos y pensamientos definidores del imaginario cosmopolita en la región, sin embargo, ofrecemos una síntesis que es capaz de sostener el argumento sobre el proceso de desarrollo histórico conceptual del imaginario cosmopolita en América Latina.

RESUMO Relações simbióticas são associações onde duas ou mais espécies vivem intimamente associadas, incluindo parasitismo, forese, mutualismo e outros. Em ácaros, uma das associações mais comuns ocorre entre larvas de Leptus (Erythraeidae), gênero cosmopolita que parasita diversos grupos de artrópodes. No entanto, no Brasil, esses relatos são escassos. No presente estudo, registramos o número de larvas ectoparasitas de ácaros eritreídeos do gênero Leptus encontradas associadas a opiliões da espécie Gonyleptes fragilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Gonyleptidae) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica (Cubatão, São Paulo, Brasil), coletadas ao longo de um ano, entre as quatro estações. Registramos 405 larvas de ácaros associadas a 152 indivíduos de opiliões. A intensidade e prevalência da infecção do ácaro, variação sazonal, preferência do ácaro por partes do corpo e sexo do hospedeiro foram os parâmetros usados para determinar a relação parasita-hospedeiro. A intensidade média de infestação (número de ácaros por indivíduo) variou de 0,3 a 11,3 com intensidade máxima observada de 20 ácaros/indivíduo. Não houve preferência sexual do hospedeiro e quanto à sazonalidade, houve diferenças entre intensidade de infestação e estação do ano, sendo a infestação maior no verão em relação às outras estações. Quanto à localização, a maioria dos ácaros foi encontrada na região mediana do escudo dorsal, próximo à região mediana das áreas III e IV. Este estudo fornece a primeira descrição da variação anual e sazonal na infestação de ácaros em opiliões na Mata Atlântica brasileira. parasitismo forese outros Erythraeidae, Erythraeidae , (Erythraeidae) artrópodes entanto Brasil escassos MelloLeitão, MelloLeitão Mello Leitão, Leitão Mello-Leitão 192 Gonyleptidae (Gonyleptidae Cubatão, Cubatão (Cubatão Paulo Brasil) ano estações 40 15 parasitahospedeiro. parasitahospedeiro hospedeiro. parasita-hospedeiro indivíduo 03 0 3 0, 113 11 11, 2 ácarosindivíduo ácaros/indivíduo sazonalidade localização dorsal IV brasileira (Erythraeidae 19 4 1

ABSTRACT Symbiotic relationships are associations where two or more species live closely associated, including parasitism, phoresis, mutualism, and others. In mites, one of the most common associations occurs between larvae of Leptus (Erythraeidae), a cosmopolitan genus that parasitizes several groups of arthropods. However, in Brazil, these reports are scarce. In the present study, we recorded the number of ectoparasitic erythraeid mite larvae of the genus Leptus found associated to Opiliones of the species Gonyleptes fragilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Gonyleptidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment (Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil), collected over one year, between the four seasons. We recorded 405 mite larvae associated with 152 opilionid individuals. The intensity and prevalence of mite’s infection, seasonal variation, mite’s preference for body parts and host sex were the parameters used to determine host-parasite relationship. Mean infestation intensity (number of mites per individual) ranged from 0.3 to 11.3 with maximum observed intensity of 20 mites/individual. There was no sexual host preference and regarding seasonality, there were differences between infestation intensity and season with infestation being higher in summer compared to the other seasons. As for location, most mites were found in the median region of the dorsal shield, near the median frame of area III and IV. This study provides the first description of annual and seasonal variation in mite infestation on Opiliones in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. parasitism phoresis mutualism others Erythraeidae, Erythraeidae , (Erythraeidae) arthropods However Brazil scarce MelloLeitão, MelloLeitão Mello Leitão, Leitão Mello-Leitão 192 Gonyleptidae (Gonyleptidae Cubatão, Cubatão (Cubatão Paulo Brazil) year seasons 40 15 individuals s infection hostparasite parasite relationship individual 03 0 3 0. 113 11 11. 2 mitesindividual mites/individual seasonality location shield IV (Erythraeidae 19 4 1

RESUMO O intelectual português António Sérgio (1883-1969) destacou-se pela sua interpretação cosmopolita da história de Portugal, se contrapondo às tentativas de instrumentalização nacionalista da história, em particular daquelas que viam na Expansão uma ação coletiva virtuosa. O presente artigo analisa o início desse seu trabalho interpretativo revisitando a polêmica com Jaime Cortesão (circa 1910), para mostrar como o próprio percurso cosmopolita de Sérgio favoreceu a incorporação de inspirações críticas de autores de outras nacionalidades, sobretudo intelectuais brasileiros seus contemporâneos, os quais se opunham ao determinismo rácico, misturando, como ele, as preocupações pedagógicas com as da compreensão histórica, assim como acreditando que os males nacionais, em boa parte comuns por comum ser a história, se resolveriam pela educação. Essas preocupações inscreviam-se num pensamento de matriz organicista, tingida de ideais liberais e socialistas, cuja dimensão sociológica relevamos. 18831969 1883 1969 (1883-1969 destacouse destacou Portugal virtuosa circa 1910, 1910 , 1910) nacionalidades contemporâneos rácico misturando ele histórica nacionais educação inscreviamse inscreviam organicista socialistas relevamos 1883196 188 196 (1883-196 191 188319 18 19 (1883-19 18831 1 (1883-1 (1883- (1883 (188 (18 (1 (

ABSTRACT The Portuguese intellectual António Sérgio (1883-1969) stood out for his cosmopolitan interpretation of Portuguese history, opposing attempts to instrumentalize history in a nationalist way, particularly those who saw Expansion as a virtuous collective action. This article analyzes the beginning of his interpretative work by revisiting the polemic with Jaime Cortesão (circa 1910), to show how Sérgio’s cosmopolitan path favored the incorporation of critical inspirations from authors of other nationalities, especially his contemporary Brazilian intellectuals, who opposed racial determinism, mixing, like him, pedagogical concerns with those of historical understanding, as well as believing that national ills, largely common because history is common, could be solved through education. These concerns were part of an organicist mindset, tinged with liberal and socialist ideals, the sociological dimension of which we have highlighted. 18831969 1883 1969 (1883-1969 way action circa 1910, 1910 , 1910) Sérgios s nationalities intellectuals determinism mixing him understanding ills education mindset ideals highlighted 1883196 188 196 (1883-196 191 188319 18 19 (1883-19 18831 1 (1883-1 (1883- (1883 (188 (18 (1 (

RESUMO Plantas com capacidade de submersão contínua ou periódica, pelo menos do sistema radicular, são consideradas aquáticas ou palustres. Parte dessas plantas pertence a Solanaceae, uma família de distribuição cosmopolita, com aproximadamente 97 gêneros e 2700 espécies, das quais, uma minoria encontra-se em ambientes sazonalmente inundados. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento e apresentar um tratamento taxonômico de espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes em ambientes aquáticos e palustres no Recôncavo da Bahia. O material botânico foi coletado entre 2009 e 2023. Foram registradas 14 espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros. São fornecidos ilustrações e comentários sobre as características diagnósticas, bem como mapa de distribuição na área de estudo. Solanum, o gênero mais diverso da família, é o mais representativo na área de estudo. Os dados obtidos até o momento, são muito importantes para elaborar estratégias de conservação destes ambientes e contribuir para a taxonomia dos grupos presentes nesses ecossistemas de água doce. periódica radicular cosmopolita 9 270 quais encontrase encontra se inundados Bahia 200 2023 1 diagnósticas estudo Solanum momento doce 27 20 202 2

ABSTRACT Plants with continuous or periodic submersion capacity, of at least the root system, are considered aquatic or marsh. Part of these plants are within Solanaceae, a family of cosmopolitan distribution, with about 97 genera and 2700 species, of which, a minority are found in seasonally flooded environments. This work aimed to carry out a survey and present a taxonomic treatment of Solanaceae species of aquatic and marsh environments in Recôncavo of Bahia. Plant material was collected between 2009 and 2023. Fourteen species distributed in five genera were registered. Illustrations and comments about the diagnostic characters are provided, as well as distribution maps on the study area. Solanum, as the most diversified genus in the family, is the richest genus in the study area. The data obtained until now is very important to elaborate conservation strategies of these environments and contribute to the taxonomy of groups present in these freshwater ecosystems. capacity system 9 270 which Bahia 200 2023 registered provided area Solanum ecosystems 27 20 202 2

ABSTRACT Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 is a small cosmopolitan genus which encompasses 16 described species. In the Neotropical region there are records of only two species, P. costaricana Duda, 1925 and P. nephelea Wheeler, 1968. In this paper, we describe the first 19 new species from South America – P. itatiaiensis n. sp., P. blauthae n. sp., P. rafaeli n. sp., P. boldrinii n. sp., P. roraimensis n. sp., P. amazonensis n. sp., P. moratoi n. sp., P. mineira n. sp., P. leonensis n. sp., P. marinhoi n. sp., P. viscondedemauaensis n. sp., P. pedraseladensis n. sp., P. vicenziae n. sp., P. pallidifacies n. sp., P. acreensis n. sp., P. mantiqueira n. sp., P. maculosa n. sp., P. melana n. sp., P. puri n. sp. – based on morphological traits. A distribution map and a taxonomic key for male imagoes of the Neotropical species was also produced. By adding 19 new species, we establish the Neotropical region as the biogeographical region with the most known diversity in the world for the genus. Duda 192 1 P Wheeler 1968 paper n sp traits produced 196

Abstract Musca domestica L. is a cosmopolitan pest usually reaching high population levels, causing substantial economic losses and also acting as a vector for many diseases. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as a replacement of the chemical insecticides is a possibility already studied. In this study, we isolated three strains of Beauveria bassiana from naturally infected M. domestica individuals and tested their potentiality to act as a biological control agent. The finding of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungal infections indicates that these fungi are well-adapted to the local environment and can survive and thrive under natural conditions, making them promising candidates for biological pest management. L levels diseases studied study M agent welladapted well adapted conditions management

Abstract Sanionia uncinata, or Sickle-leaved-Hook-moss, is a cosmopolitan pleurocarpous moss composing the Antarctic Peninsulae biodiversity, primordially forming dense mats over rocks. The species was collected in 24 different spots located at King George Island and was processed to obtain 24 ethanolic extracts (ADS#) by a serial-24h-maceration, which were prospected for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activities by using in vitro tests. Alien material was removed from the non-sterilized plant samples before being submitted for extraction. It was observed that extracts collected in different spots showed different biological activities. Extracts ADS04(10.66±0,17mm) and ADS14(11.37±0,11mm) were active against Staphylococcus aureus, according to the diffusion in bioautography assay. They showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibited AChE; the cytotoxicity observed to the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were higher than in normal cell line MCF-10A. ADS04 was 7.62 times more cytotoxic to MCF-7, and ADS14 was 2.03 times more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 than to MCF-10A. The extracts showed similar cytotoxicity between PC-3, a human prostate cancer cell line, and MCF-10A. Sanionia uncinata extracts are a vital potential source of biologically active compounds, particularly ADS04 and ADS14, including further prospection on eventual bryophyte’s endophytic fungi. SickleleavedHookmoss, SickleleavedHookmoss Sickle leaved Hook moss, Sickle-leaved-Hook-moss biodiversity rocks 2 ADS# ADS (ADS# serial24hmaceration, serial24hmaceration serialhmaceration serial 24h maceration, maceration h serial-24h-maceration antimicrobial AChE (AChE tests nonsterilized non sterilized extraction ADS0410.66±0,17mm ADS041066017mm ADSmm 10.66±0,17mm 10 66 0 17mm mm ADS04(10.66±0,17mm ADS1411.37±0,11mm ADS141137011mm 11.37±0,11mm 11 37 11mm ADS14(11.37±0,11mm aureus assay MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 MCF10A. MCF10A MCFA 10A. 10A A MCF-10A ADS0 762 62 7.6 MCF7, 7, ADS1 203 03 2.0 PC3, PC3 PC 3, 3 PC-3 compounds bryophytes bryophyte s fungi (ADS hmaceration ADS0410 1066017mm 1 6 ADS1411 1137011mm MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 76 7. 20 2. PC- ADS041 ADS141 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

Resumo: O artigo realiza um mapeamento histórico, epistemológico e crítico das raízes, consolidação e retomada do conceito de era axial, com destaque para seu momento de solidificação, com o livro Origem e meta da história, de Karl Jaspers (1949). A partir da análise das características epistemológicas de cada uma dessas etapas, demonstram-se os elementos de continuidade, assim como os que se modificam, na compreensão daquilo que é a era axial. Enquanto, nas duas primeiras fases (histórica e filosófica), havia uma maior ênfase na simultaneidade e na igualdade entre civilizações, seu deslocamento para o campo da sociologia (fase 3), implicou maior relevo para a diversidade de civilizações. Destaca-se que, na fase atual, diferente das etapas anteriores, o conceito se desloca da análise das civilizações pré-modernas para a análise da civilização moderna como um tipo de era axial. Apesar disso, entende-se que existe uma base comum presente em todas as fases da discussão. A investigação conclui que, a despeito de certas leituras evolucionistas aqui criticadas, a utilização do conceito de era axial, seja em chave histórico-filosófica, seja em chave sociológica, contém pressupostos cosmopolitas e plurais e, como tal, continua a ser um importante recurso analítico para a compreensão da complexidade e diversidade cultural das civilizações do passado e do presente. Resumo histórico raízes axial solidificação história 1949. 1949 . (1949) demonstramse demonstram continuidade modificam Enquanto histórica filosófica, filosófica , filosófica) 3, 3 3) Destacase Destaca atual anteriores prémodernas pré modernas disso entendese entende discussão criticadas históricofilosófica, históricofilosófica histórico-filosófica sociológica tal 194 (1949 19 (194 1 (19 (1 (

Abstract: This article traces the historical roots and origins of the concept of the “axial age” until it reaches its moment of consolidation, with the book The Origin and Goal of History, originally published in 1949, by Karl Jaspers. In addition, some contemporary authors are analyzed who, based on a critical examination of the concept, propose to update it. By analyzing the epistemological characteristics of each of these stages, we can show which elements continue and at the same time which elements change in the understanding of the axial age. While in the first two phases (historical and philosophical), there was a greater emphasis on the simultaneity and equality between civilizations, its shift to the field of sociology (phase 3) implied a greater emphasis on the diversity of civilizations. We also point out that in the current phase, unlike the previous stages, the concept shifts from the analysis of pre-modern civilizations to the analysis of modern civilization as a type of axial era. Despite these shifts and changes, we understand that there is a common basis present in all phases of the discussion. In addition, the research concludes that, despite certain evolutionist readings, criticized here, the concept of the axial age, whether used in a historical-philosophical or sociological key, contains cosmopolitan and plural assumptions and, as such, continues to be an important analytical resource for understanding the complexity and cultural diversity of past and present civilizations. Abstract age consolidation History 1949 Jaspers addition who stages philosophical, philosophical , philosophical) phase 3 premodern pre era changes discussion readings here historicalphilosophical key such 194 19 1