RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

RESUMEN: El envejecimiento es un proceso biológico inevitable que afecta la función de todos los órganos, incluida la glándula suprarrenal, fundamental para la producción de hormonas esteroides que regulan el metabolismo, la respuesta al estrés y la activación inmunológica. Comprender cómo el envejecimiento afecta la morfología de esta glándula es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones que mitiguen sus efectos adversos. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir las alteraciones morfocuantitativas de la glándula suprarrenal en ratas Sprague Dawley senescentes comparadas con ratas adultas. Se utilizaron 12 ratas macho, divididas en dos grupos: 6 ratas adultas de 6 meses de edad (grupo A) y 6 ratas senescentes de 36 meses de edad (grupo S). Se realizaron estudios histopatológicos, cuantificación de fibras de colágeno tipos I y III y análisis estereológicos para determinar la densidad de volumen (Vv), de superficie (Sv) y de número (Nv) de los núcleos de las células de la zona fasciculada. El tejido de la glándula suprarrenal del grupo S presentó displasia, metaplasia, acumulación de grasa intracelular, fibrosis, dilatación de vasos sanguíneos y mayor presencia de células apoptósicas. También se observó un engrosamiento de la cápsula y un incremento del colágeno tipo I. Hubo una disminución significativa en Vv, Sv y Nv de los núcleos de la zona fasciculada en el grupo S en comparación con el grupo A. Los resultados indican que el envejecimiento induce cambios morfocuantitativos significativos en la glándula suprarrenal, lo que podría contribuir a la disminución en la producción de glucocorticoides y alteraciones en la secreción de aldosterona y cortisol observadas en la senescencia. Comprender estas alteraciones es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones que mitiguen los efectos adversos del envejecimiento en el sistema endocrino.

SUMMARY: Aging is an inevitable biological process that affects the function of all organs, including the adrenal gland, which is essential for producing steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, stress response, and immune activation. Understanding how aging affects the morphology of this gland is crucial to developing interventions to mitigate its adverse effects. Thus, this study aimed to describe the morphoquantitative alterations of the adrenal gland in senescent Sprague Dawley rats compared to adult rats. Twelve male rats were divided into 6 adult rats aged 6 months (group A) and 6 senescent rats aged 36 months (group S). Histopathological studies, quantification of collagen fibers types I and III, and stereological analysis were performed to determine the volume density (Vv), surface area (Sv), and number (Nv) of the nuclei of the zona fasciculata cells. Adrenal gland tissue from group S presented dysplasia, metaplasia, intracellular fat accumulation, fibrosis, blood vessel dilation, and increased presence of apoptotic cells. Capsule thickening and increased collagen type I were also observed. There was a significant decrease in Vv, Sv, and Nv of zona fasciculata nuclei in group S compared to group A. The results indicate that aging induces significant morphoquantitative changes in the adrenal gland, which could contribute to the decrease in glucocorticoid production and alterations in aldosterone and cortisol secretion observed in senescence. Understanding these alterations is crucial to developing interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of aging on the endocrine system.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las concentraciones salivales de interleucina (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-23, factor de crecimiento transformante (TGF)-β y factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF)-α, nitrato (subproducto de la oxidación del óxido nítrico) y cortisol en pacientes con liquen plano oral (OLP). En este estudio transversal se incluyeron veinte pacientes diagnosticados con OLP y 20 voluntarios sanos (HV) del mismo sexo. Saliva entera no estimulada Se recolectó por la mañana, se determinaron las concentraciones de citocinas y cortisol en saliva mediante ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA), se determinó nitrato mediante un analizador de óxido nítrico, se encontraron concentraciones salivales mayores de IL-2 (p<0,003), IL- 23 (p<0,04) y TGF-β (p=0,05) en pacientes con OLP en comparación con HV. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles salivales de TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-10. Las concentraciones de nitrato fueron marcadamente aumentó en pacientes con OLP (1227,0 ± 738,8 µM/mg de proteína total), en comparación con HV (261,6 ± 166,8 µM/mg; p<0,0001). Los niveles de cortisol salival también fueron más altos en los pacientes con OLP que en los controles (2,79 ± 1,39 vs. 1,94 ±1,21 ng/mg; p<0,048). Los niveles de óxido nítrico en saliva aumentaron notablemente en pacientes con OLP, lo que sugiere una relación de esta molécula con la muerte celular y el daño tisular observado en las lesiones de OLP.

Abstract This study aimed to determine salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL- 23, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitrate (a by-product of nitric oxide oxidation), and cortisol in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Twenty patients diagnosed with OLP and 20 sex-matched healthy volunteers (HV) were included in this cross-sectional study. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected in the morning. Salivary cytokine and cortisol concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Nitrate was measured in a nitric oxide analyzer. We found higher salivary concentrations of IL-2 (p<0.003), IL-23 ( p<0.04), and TGF-β (p=0.05) in patients with OLP compared to HV. No significant differences were found in salivary levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-10. Nitrate concentrations were markedly increased in OLP patients (1,227.0 ± 738.8 µM/mg total protein) when compared to HV (261.6 ± 166.8 µM/mg; p<0.0001). Salivary cortisol levels were also higher in OLP patients (2.79 ± 1.39 vs. 1.94 ±1.21 ng/mg; p<0.048). The markedly increased salivary levels of nitric oxide in patients with OLP suggest a relationship of this molecule with the cell death and tissue damage observed in these lesions.

Resumen Esta revisión da cuenta de artículos que se refieren a la relación existente entre aislamiento social y funciones ejecutivas encargadas de la generación de recursos, para la adaptación de las personas a situaciones poco habituales. Se empleó una estrategia PICO para la definición de la pregunta de investigación y lineamientos básicos del modelo PRISMA, se revisó bases de datos en Scopus, Science Direct, Springer y Google académico. Se identificaron 7042 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de selección, reportándose finalmente 12 investigaciones. Se concluye que el aislamiento social se relaciona con un funcionamiento cognitivo general más deficiente, extendiéndose a otros dominios cognitivos como: orientación, memoria y atención. Además, se evidencia que el aislamiento actúa como un estresor crónico, observándose una disminución en la actividad cortical global y un aumento del cortisol.

Abstract This review reports articles aimed to analyze the relationship between social isolation and executive functions responsible for generating resources for adapting people to unusual situations. A PICO strategy was used to define the research question and essential guidelines of the PRISMA model, and databases in Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar were reviewed. 7.042 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria were identified, finally reporting 12 investigations. It was concluded that social isolation is related to poorer general cognitive functioning, extending to other cognitive domains such as orientation, memory, and attention. It was also evidenced that isolation acts as a chronic stressor, showing decreased global cortical activity and increased cortisol.

Abstract Background: Infertility increases stress and affects life quality. Mindfulness reduces stress and improves life quality, but its role in infertility remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on stress and quality of life of women with infertility. Material and methods: An exploratory clinical study was conducted in women under infertility treatment, together with an 8-week mindfulness intervention (MND) or only infertility treatment (CTRL). Anxiety and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the end of intervention with IDARE and FertiQoL questionnaires respectively, as well as salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol concentrations. Non-parametric statistics was used for analysis using an alpha value of 0.10. Results: 14 MND and 15 CTRL completed follow-up. At baseline, CTRL patients exhibited better quality of life than MND; anxiety scores correlated negatively with quality of life. At the end of intervention, cortisol concentrations (p = 0.097), and the increments of amylase (p = 0.039), were higher in CTRL than in MND. Increases in quality of life were associated with basal anxiety score (p = 0.002), improvements in tolerability (p < 0.001), and mindfulness intervention (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Our results suggest that mindfulness reduces stress and improves quality of life in women under infertility treatment.

Resumen Antecedentes: La infertilidad incrementa el estrés y afecta la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de mindfulness (atención plena) sobre la ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida de mujeres infértiles. Material y métodos: Estudio exploratorio en pacientes tratadas por infertilidad más una intervención de ocho semanas con mindfulness (grupo MND) o solo tratamiento de la infertilidad (grupo de control). Al inicio y después de ocho semanas se evaluaron la ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado), la calidad de vida (FertiQoL), y las concentraciones salivales de α-amilasa y cortisol. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica, con α = 0.10. Resultados: 14 mujeres del grupo MND y 15 del grupo de control completaron el seguimiento. Al inicio, las pacientes del grupo de control mostraron mejor calidad de vida; las puntuaciones de ansiedad correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. Al final, el incremento de cortisol (p = 0.097) y amilasa (p = 0.039) fueron mayores en el grupo de control. Los incrementos en la calidad de vida se asociaron a ansiedad basal (p = 0.002), incremento en la subescala tolerabilidad (p < 0.001) y mindfulness (p = 0.014). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que mindfulness disminuye el estrés y mejora la calidad de vida de pacientes bajo tratamiento de la infertilidad.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the hydric status and serum cortisol concentration in horses during two cultural horseback rides in the municipalities of Granada and Acacías in the department of Meta (Colombia). For this, 88 animals were selected at convenience (44 per ride), taking blood samples 1 h before starting the ride (T0) and 15 min after finishing the ride (T1). In addition, a clinical examination was conducted to determine their hydric status (humidity of the mucous membranes, capillary refill time, skin turgor and eyeball retraction). In the blood test, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol concentration were determined. The results of the variables between the two times were compared with the Shapiro Wilks and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman test determined the correlations between age and sex with serum cortisol. There were no significant differences between the hydric status and the times evaluated; however, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol presented lower values at T0 (p<0.001). On the other hand, no significant correlations were found between serum cortisol concentration with age and sex. The results suggest that cultural horseback riding is a stressful activity for the animal, determined by the significant increase in serum cortisol, with a tendency toward haemoconcentration that emphasizes the importance of correct hydration of horses before, during and after these events.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el estatus hídrico y la concentración de cortisol sérico en equinos durante dos cabalgatas culturales en los municipios de Granada y Acacías del departamento del Meta (Colombia). Se seleccionaron 88 animales a conveniencia (44 por cabalgata), tomando muestras de sangre 1 h antes de iniciar la cabalgata (T0) y 15 min después de terminar la cabalgata (T1), además de un examen clínico para determinar su estatus hídrico (humedad de las mucosas, tiempo de llenado capilar, turgencia de la piel y la retracción del globo ocular). En el análisis de sangre se determinó el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y concentración de cortisol. Los resultados de las variables entre los dos tiempos se compararon con las pruebas de Shapiro Wilks y de Wilcoxon. La prueba de Spearman determinó las correlaciones entre edad y sexo con el cortisol sérico. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el estatus hídrico con los tiempos evaluados; sin embargo, el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y cortisol presentaron valores menores en T0 (p<0.001). Por otro lado, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la concentración sérica de cortisol con la edad y el sexo. Los resultados sugieren que las cabalgatas culturales son una actividad estresante para el animal, determinada por el incremento significativo de cortisol sérico, habiendo una tendencia a la hemoconcentración que recalca la importancia de la correcta hidratación de los equinos antes, durante y después de estos eventos de exigencia física.

ABSTRACT Objective: COVID-19 is a multisystem immunoinflammatory disorder, and the hypothalamo–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be affected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as by steroid treatment during the illness. Information on the HPA axis after recovering from COVID-19, especially in those treated with steroids, is sparse. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the post-COVID-19 period in patients treated with steroids during the illness. Subject and methods: This prospective study involved 60 patients aged 18-60 years who had recovered from moderate or severe COVID-19 and had received steroid treatment during the illness. The HPA axis was assessed with a low-dose (1 mcg) adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test at 3, 6 and 9 months in the post-COVID period. Results: The HPA axis was suppressed in 31.66% of the patients at 3 months and 5% at 6 months; however, all patients recovered at 9 months. Cumulative steroid use during the illness was inversely correlated with stimulated cortisol at 3 months in the post-COVID period. Fatigue was present in 58.33% of the patients at 3 months and was more prevalent in those with HPA axis suppression. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of the patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were treated with steroids had suppressed HPA axis at 3 months, with gradual recovery over a period of 9 months. Cumulative steroid equivalent dose, but not disease severity, was predictive of HPA axis suppression at 3 months. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 disorder hypothalamo–pituitaryadrenal hypothalamopituitaryadrenal hypothalamo–pituitary adrenal hypothalamo pituitary (HPA SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19, 19, sparse Hence postCOVID19 postCOVID post post-COVID-1 methods 1860 18 18-6 lowdose low dose 1 ( mcg Results 3166 31 66 31.66 5 however 5833 58 33 58.33 Conclusion onethird one third severity COVID1 COVID- pituitaryadrenal hypothalamopituitary SARS-CoV postCOVID1 post-COVID- 186 18- 316 31.6 583 58.3 31. 58.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in unprecedented changes in the lives of humans and their companion animals, impacting their daily routines, social interactions, and stress levels. This study investigates the effect of pandemic-related restrictions, including limited time outside and changes in owner habits, on the stress indicators of 34 dogs and 29 cats. Cortisol levels, total leukocyte counts, eosinophil counts, and behavioral changes have been analyzed to assess how these species are differentially affected by the altered environment and human interactions during the pandemic. The study revealed important behavioral changes in cats while the biochemical and hematological parameters were considerably affected in dogs. Our findings shed light on the unique stress experiences of dogs and cats and underscore the importance of considering individualized strategies for managing their well-being during extraordinary circumstances. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 animals routines levels pandemicrelated related restrictions habits 3 2 counts wellbeing well being circumstances COVID1 1 COVID-

RESUMO A pandemia da covid-19 marcou o início de mudanças sem precedentes na vida dos seres humanos e dos seus animais de companhia, impactando as suas rotinas diárias, as interações sociais e os níveis de estresse. Este estudo investiga o efeito das restrições relacionadas à pandemia, incluindo tempo limitado fora de casa e mudanças nos hábitos dos proprietários, nos indicadores de estresse de 34 cães e 29 gatos. Os níveis de cortisol, a contagem total de leucócitos, a contagem de eosinófilos e as mudanças comportamentais foram analisados para avaliar como essas espécies são diferentemente afetadas pelo ambiente alterado e pelas interações humanas durante a pandemia. O estudo revelou importantes alterações comportamentais em gatos, enquanto os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos foram consideravelmente afetados em cães. As descobertas esclarecem as experiências únicas de estresse de cães e gatos e sublinham a importância de considerar estratégias individualizadas para gerir o bem-estar deles durante circunstâncias extraordinárias. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 companhia diárias proprietários 3 2 cortisol leucócitos bemestar bem estar extraordinárias covid1 1 covid-

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de estrés y ansiedad en niños sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos con o sin presencia de los padres en la inducción de la anestesia mediante la medición de los niveles de cortisol salival y la aplicación del mYPAS. Método: Ensayo cuasi-aleatorio con niños de 5 a 12 años, con estado físico ASA I, II o III, sometidos a cirugía electiva. Según la disposición de los padres, se definieron como grupo acompañado o no acompañado. Se utilizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman y Spearman para los análisis estadísticos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 niños; el 63% eran niños en edad preescolar, en su mayoría acompañados por sus madres (80%). La puntuación mYPAS mediana fue de 37,5 (rango intercuartílico, 23,4–51,6) en niños no acompañados y de 55,0 (rango intercuartílico, 27,9–65,0) en niños acompañados, con una diferencia mediana estimada de +11,8 (IC del 95% de 0 a 23,4; p = 0,044). No hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles medios de cortisol salival. Conclusión: El nivel de ansiedad fue mayor en los niños acompañados. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de cortisol salival entre ambos grupos. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy. Objetivo Método cuasialeatorio cuasi aleatorio 1 años I III electiva chicuadrado, chicuadrado chi cuadrado, cuadrado chi-cuadrado Fisher Student MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney HodgesLehman Hodges Lehman estadísticos Resultados 4 63 preescolar 80%. 80 80% . (80%) 375 37 37, rango intercuartílico 23,4–51,6 234516 23 51 6 550 55 55, 27,9–65,0 279650 27 9 65 118 11 8 +11, IC 95 23,4 234 0,044. 0044 0,044 044 0,044) Conclusión grupos ReBECRBR9wj4qvy. ReBECRBR9wj4qvy ReBECRBRwjqvy ReBEC RBR 9wj4qvy. 9wj4qvy wj qvy (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy (80% 3 23,4–51, 23451 2 27,9–65, 27965 +11 23, 004 0,04 04 ReBECRBR wjqvy (80 23,4–51 2345 27,9–65 2796 +1 00 0,0 (8 23,4–5 27,9–6 279 + 0, ( 23,4– 27,9– 27,9 27,

ABSTRACT Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare stress and anxiety levels in children undergoing surgical procedures with or without parental presence at induction of anesthesia by measuring salivary cortisol levels and applying the mYPAS. Method: Quasi-randomized trial with children aged 5–12 year, with ASA physical status I, II, or III, undergoing elective surgery. According to parents’ willingness, the pair were defined as accompanied or unaccompanied group. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman and Spearman’s tests were used for statistical analyzes. Results: We included 46 children; 63% were preschool children mostly accompanied by their mothers (80%). The median mYPAS score was 37.5 (quartile range, 23.4–51.6) in unaccompanied children, and 55.0 (quartile range, 27.9–65.0) in accompanied children, with an estimated median difference of +11.8 (95% CI of 0 to 23.4; p = 0.044). There were no significant differences in the mean salivary cortisol levels. Conclusion: The level of anxiety was higher in accompanied children. There were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between both groups. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy. Objective Method Quasirandomized Quasi randomized 512 5 12 5–1 year I II III surgery parents willingness group Chisquare, Chisquare Chi square, square Chi-square Fishers Fisher s Students Student test MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney HodgesLehman Hodges Lehman Spearmans Spearman analyzes Results 4 63 80%. 80 80% . (80%) 375 37 37. quartile range 23.4–51.6 234516 23 51 6 550 55 55. 27.9–65.0 279650 27 9 65 118 11 8 +11. 95% 95 (95 23.4 234 0.044. 0044 0.044 044 0.044) Conclusion groups ReBECRBR9wj4qvy. ReBECRBR9wj4qvy ReBECRBRwjqvy ReBEC RBR 9wj4qvy. 9wj4qvy wj qvy (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy 1 5– (80% 3 23.4–51. 23451 2 27.9–65. 27965 +11 (9 23. 004 0.04 04 ReBECRBR wjqvy (80 23.4–51 2345 27.9–65 2796 +1 ( 00 0.0 (8 23.4–5 27.9–6 279 + 0. 23.4– 27.9– 27.9 27.

RESUMO Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de estresse e ansiedade em crianças submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos com ou sem presença dos pais na indução da anestesia, medindo os níveis de cortisol salivar e aplicando o mYPAS. Método: Ensaio quaserandomizado com crianças de 5 a 12 anos, com estado físico ASA I, II ou III, submetidas a cirurgia eletiva. De acordo com a disposição dos pais, o par foi definido como grupo acompanhado ou não acompanhado. Foram utilizados testes de qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman e Spearman para as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foram incluídas 46 crianças; 63% delas em idade préescolar, principalmente acompanhadas por suas mães (80%). A pontuação mYPAS mediana foi de 37,5 (intervalo interquartil, 23,4–51,6) em crianças não acompanhadas e de 55,0 (intervalo interquartil, 27,9–65,0) em crianças acompanhadas, com uma diferença mediana estimada de +11,8 (IC de 95% de 0 a 23,4; p = 0,044). Não houve diferenças significativas nos níveis médios de cortisol salivar. Conclusão: O nível de ansiedade foi maior em crianças acompanhadas. Não houve diferenças nos níveis de cortisol salivar entre os dois grupos. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy. Objetivo anestesia Método 1 anos I III eletiva quiquadrado, quiquadrado qui quadrado, quadrado qui-quadrado Fisher Student MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney HodgesLehman Hodges Lehman estatísticas Resultados 4 63 préescolar 80%. 80 80% . (80%) 375 37 37, intervalo interquartil 23,4–51,6 234516 23 51 6 550 55 55, 27,9–65,0 279650 27 9 65 118 11 8 +11, IC 95 23,4 234 0,044. 0044 0,044 044 0,044) Conclusão grupos ReBECRBR9wj4qvy. ReBECRBR9wj4qvy ReBECRBRwjqvy ReBEC RBR 9wj4qvy. 9wj4qvy wj qvy (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy (80% 3 23,4–51, 23451 2 27,9–65, 27965 +11 23, 004 0,04 04 ReBECRBR wjqvy (80 23,4–51 2345 27,9–65 2796 +1 00 0,0 (8 23,4–5 27,9–6 279 + 0, ( 23,4– 27,9– 27,9 27,

SUMMARY Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS). Pediatric patients with PPNAD typically have unusual skin lesions and slow growth with unknown causes. We present a case of a female Chinese patient with PPNAD caused by the germline PRKACA gene copy number gain of chromosome 19. The patient initially presented with kidney stones, short stature, and obesity. After further testing, it was discovered that the patient had diabetes, mild hypertension, low bone mass, a low ACTH level, and hypercortisolemia, and neither the low-dose or high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was able to inhibit hematuric cortisol, which paradoxically increased. PPNAD was pathologically diagnosed after unilateral adrenalectomy. Chromosome microarrays and whole exon sequencing analyses of the peripheral blood, as well as testing of sectioned adrenal tissue, showed a rise in the copy number of the duplication-containing PRKACA gene on chromosome 19p13.13p13.12, a de novo but not heritable gene defect that causes disease. The clinical signs and symptoms supported the diagnosis of Carney complex (CNC). One significant mechanism of CNC pathogenesis may be the rise in germline PRKACA copy number of chromosome 19. When assessing PPNAD patients for CNC, the possibility of PRKACA gene amplification should be considered. The effect of PRKACA gene amplification on the clinical manifestations of CNC needs to be confirmed by more cases. (PPNAD ACTHindependent independent Cushings Cushing s CS. CS . (CS) 19 stones stature obesity diabetes hypertension mass level hypercortisolemia lowdose dose highdose high cortisol increased adrenalectomy blood tissue duplicationcontaining duplication containing 19p1313p1312 pp 19p13 13p13 12 p 19p13.13p13.12 CNC. (CNC) considered cases (CS 1 19p1313p131 19p1 13p1 19p13.13p13.1 (CNC 19p1313p13 19p 13p 19p13.13p13. 19p1313p1 19p13.13p13 19p1313p 19p13.13p1 19p13.13p

Pesticides have been pointed out as hormone disruptors and may significantly affect the prognosis of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on systemic cortisol levels in female rural workers diagnosed with BC. Occupational exposure was assessed by interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Plasma samples (112 from pesticide-exposed women and 77 from unexposed women) were collected in the afternoon, outside the physiological cortisol peak, and analyzed by a chemiluminescent paramagnetic immunoassay for the quantitative determination of cortisol levels in serum and plasma. The results from both groups were categorized according to patients' clinicopathological and exposure data. BC pesticide-exposed women presented higher levels of cortisol than the unexposed. Higher cortisol levels were also detected in the exposed group with more aggressive disease (triple-negative BC), with tumors over 2 cm, with lymph node metastases, and with high risk of disease recurrence and death. These findings demonstrated that there is an association between pesticide exposure and BC that affected cortisol levels and correlated to poor disease prognosis. hormonedependent dependent . (BC) Here questionnaire 112 (11 pesticideexposed 7 afternoon peak plasma patients data triplenegative triple negative BC, , BC) cm metastases death (BC 11 (1 1 (

Resumen: Introducción: la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC) comprende un conjunto de enfermedades hereditarias que involucran alteraciones en el ciclo del cortisol a nivel enzimático. La forma clásica tiene una incidencia de 1:14.000 a 1:18.000 nacimientos, mientras que la no clásica se presenta en 1:2.000 recién nacidos. Según la enzima involucrada, las manifestaciones clínicas varían desde asintomáticas a alteraciones en medio interno que comprometen la vida, por lo que debe tenerse un alto nivel de sospecha clínica para diagnosticarla en forma oportuna. En Uruguay, desde el año 2007, se cuenta con el pesquisaje de la 17-OH progesterona, producto aumentado en la forma más frecuente de HSC. El diagnóstico prenatal mediante la búsqueda de mutaciones en el gen CYP21A2, a través de punción de vellosidades coriales o amniocentesis, o del ADN fetal en sangre materna se recomienda en HSC con ambos padres portadores de la mutación severa y el antecedente de un hijo previo con la forma clásica. El tratamiento prenatal se considera en etapa experimental, con dexametasona en fetos femeninos con riesgo de enfermedad clásica, manteniéndose con la confirmación hasta el parto. Se presenta el caso clínico de una recién nacida de 11 días con HSC perdedora de sal y virilización de genitales externos, diagnosticada por la pesquisa neonatal. Se reporta su manejo interdisciplinario y evolución. Conclusiones: la hiperplasia suprarrenal es una enfermedad hereditaria potencialmente grave. La pesquisa neonatal constituye una herramienta efectiva para la detección de esta enfermedad. El manejo multidisciplinario es clave para el seguimiento y la optimización del tratamiento.

Summary: Introduction: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) involves a set of hereditary diseases that include alterations in the cortisol cycle, at enzymatic level. The classic variant has an incidence of 1:14,000 to 1:18,000 births, while the non-classic one occurs in 1:2,000 newborns. As a result of the enzyme involved, the clinical manifestations change from asymptomatic to alterations in the internal environment that compromise life, so clinical suspicion must be high in order to diagnose it in a timely manner. The diagnosis is more frequently made by neonatal screening than by physical examination, and it is a more sensitive method, especially in males, since there are no changes at the level of external genitalia. The implementation of screening has reduced the time prior to diagnosis. In Uruguay, since 2007, a universal screening has been carried out measuring 17-OH progesterone, which is increased in the most frequent form of CAH. Treatment is lifelong, consisting of oral glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone) and mineralocorticoids (fludrocortisone). We recommend prenatal diagnosis by searching for mutations in the CYP21A2 gene through chorionic villus puncture or amniocentesis, or fetal DNA in maternal blood in cases of CAH if both parents are carriers of the severe mutation and have a history of a previous classic case. Prenatal treatment with dexamethasone is considered in the experimental stage, in female fetuses at risk of the standard disease, which is maintained until birth if confirmed. We present a clinical case of an 11-day-old newborn with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia and virilization of the external genitalia, diagnosed by neonatal screening. We report her management and interdisciplinary evolution. Conclusion: adrenal hyperplasia is a potentially serious inherited disease. Neonatal screening is an effective tool for detecting this disease. Multidisciplinary management is key to monitoring and optimizing treatment.

Resumo: Introdução: a hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) compreende um conjunto de doenças hereditárias que envolvem alterações no ciclo do cortisol, em nível enzimático. A forma clássica tem incidência de 1:14.000 a 1:18.000 nascimentos, enquanto a forma não clássica ocorre em 1:2.000 recém-nascidos. Dependendo da enzima envolvida, as manifestações clínicas variam de assintomáticas até alterações do ambiente interno que comprometem a vida, portanto é necessário ter um alto nível de suspeita clínica para diagnosticá-la em forma precoce. No Uruguai, desde 2007, existe triagem para 17-OH progesterona, produto aumentado na forma mais frequente de HAC. O diagnóstico pré-natal pela busca de mutações no gene CYP21A2 por meio de punção de vilosidades coriônicas ou amniocentese, ou DNA fetal no sangue materno é recomendado na HAC com ambos os pais portadores da mutação grave e história de filho anterior com a forma clássica. O tratamento pré-natal é considerado em fase experimental, com dexametasona em fetos femininos com risco de doença clássica, continuando com confirmação até o parto. É apresentado o caso clínico de um recém-nascido de 11 dias com hiperplasia adrenal congênita perdedora de sal e virilização da genitália externa, diagnosticado por triagem neonatal. Relatamos sua gestão interdisciplinar e evolução. Conclusões: a hiperplasia adrenal é uma doença hereditária potencialmente grave. A triagem neonatal é uma ferramenta eficaz para detectar esta doença. O manejo multidisciplinar é fundamental para monitorar e otimizar o tratamento.

Abstract This study evaluated the anesthetic activity of essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA), linalool chemotype in a euryhaline fish (fat snook Centropomus parallelus). In the first experiment, fish were exposed to 30, 80, 130, 180, 200, and 230 µL EOLA L−1. The second experiment evaluated smaller and larger fish with 180 µL EOLA L-1. In the third experiment, ventilatory rates (VR) for up to 120 min in animals during exposure to 5 and 10 µL EOLA L−1 were evaluated. In the fourth experiment, fish anesthetized with 30 and 180 µL EOLA L-1 were assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min after anesthesia recovery to evaluate biochemical and antioxidant parameters. The best mild and deep anesthesia times were obtained with 30 and 180 µL EOLA L-1, and larger fish had the highest times. The VR increased in fish exposed to EOLA. Blood glucose and whole-body cortisol levels were higher in fish anesthetized with 180 µL EOLA L-1. Fish exposed to EOLA had higher liver glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities without affecting catalase and lipid peroxidation levels. The 180 µL EOLA L-1 is recommended for fat snook anesthesia because it increases VR, blood glucose, and whole-body cortisol levels and prevents oxidative stress. EOLA, , (EOLA) parallelus. parallelus . parallelus) 80 130 200 23 L1 L 1 18 L1. 1. (VR 12 L− 3 L- 0 6 parameters L1, 1, wholebody whole body Stransferase S transferase stress (EOLA 8 13 20 2

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a atividade anestésica do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (OELA), quimiotipo linalool, em um peixe eurialino (robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus). No primeiro experimento, peixes foram expostos a 30, 80, 130, 180, 200 e 230 µL OELA L−1. O segundo experimento avaliou peixes pequenos e grandes com 180 µL OELA L-1. No terceiro experimento, avaliou-se taxa ventilatória por até 120 min em animais expostos a 5 e 10 µL OELA L−1. No quarto experimento, peixes anestesiados com 30 e 180 µL OELA L-1 foram avaliados nos tempos 0, 30 e 60 min após a recuperação anestésica para verificação de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes. Os melhores tempos de anestesia leve e profunda foram obtidos com 30 e 180 µL OELA L-1. Peixes maiores apresentaram anestesia e tempos de recuperação mais elevados. A taxa ventilatória aumentou em peixes expostos para OELA comparados ao grupo controle. Os níveis de glicose sanguínea e cortisol corporal foram maiores em peixes anestesiados com 180 µL OELA L-1. Robalos-peva expostos para OELA tiveram maior atividade de glutationa S-transferase e superóxido dismutase no fígado, sem afetar os níveis de catalase e peroxidação lipídica. O uso de 180 µL OELA L-1 é recomendado para anestesia de robalo-peva, pois aumentou taxa ventilatória e níveis de glicose sanguínea, cortisol corporal, e preveniu estresse oxidativo. OELA, , (OELA) linalool robalopeva robalo peva parallelus. parallelus . parallelus) 80 130 20 23 L1 L 1 L−1 18 L1. 1. avaliouse se 12 3 L- 0 6 antioxidantes elevados controle Robalospeva Robalos Stransferase S transferase fígado lipídica robalopeva, peva, robalo-peva oxidativo (OELA 8 13 2 L−

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever os efeitos da estabulação sobre características termográficas dos membros de equinos adultos, para comparar o nível de bem-estar entre cavalos mantidos soltos e aqueles sob estabulação contínua e para investigar se a Termografia Infravermelha (TIV) pode ser uma ferramenta efetiva na avaliação do bem-estar em equinos. 24 cavalos machos castrados da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo, com idade entre 5 e 9 anos e peso de 500 ± 50kg foram utilizados em um experimento de 6 semanas de duração. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos: 1) Pasto - animais mantidos em piquetes e utilizados exclusivamente em patrulhas urbanas; 2) Baia - animais utilizados exclusivamente em patrulhas urbanas, mas mantidos em estabulação contínua, em cocheiras de 12m² de concreto sem cama. Todos os animais foram avaliados uma vez por semana durante 6 semanas. O comportamento animal, a temperatura dos olhos e extremidades distais bem como amostras de sangue, foram colhidos. Os cavalos estabulados apresentaram comportamento estereotipado e maior concentração sérica de cortisol, indicando menor grau de bem-estar quando comparados aos animais manejados soltos em piquetes. A termografia dos membros apresentou potencial para identificar estresse crônico em cavalos uma vez que a análise discriminante mostrou 74,5% de acerto preditivo enquanto a temperatura máxima do olho não foi eficiente para esse propósito. adultos bemestar estar TIV (TIV Hipismo 50 kg duração grupos 1 urbanas m 12m cama animal sangue colhidos cortisol 745 74 74,5 propósito 7 74,

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the effects of stabling on thermographic characteristics of adult equine limbs, to compare the level of animal welfare between horses kept loose and those under continuous stabling and to investigate whether the Infrared Thermography (IRT) can be an effective tool to evaluate the welfare of equines. 24 gelding horses of Brazilian Sport Horse breed, aged between 5 and 9 years and weighing 500 ± 50kg were used in a 6-week trial. They were divided into 2 groups: 1) Paddock - equines kept in paddocks and ridden exclusively on urban patrol; 2) Stall - animals that ridden exclusively on urban patrol, but were kept in continuous stabling, housed in 12m² with concrete and bedless stables. Every animal was evaluated once a week over six weeks. Animal behavior and temperature of the eyes and distal extremities of the limbs as well as blood samples were collected. The confined horses showed stereotyped behavior and higher serum cortisol, indicating lower animal welfare when compared to those managed in a pasture. Limb IRT showed predictive potential for identifying chronic stress as the discriminating analysis showed 74.5% hits while eye temperature was not efficient for this purpose. (IRT breed 50 kg 6week 6 trial groups 1 patrol m 12m stables weeks collected cortisol pasture 745 74 74.5 purpose 7 74.