Abstract The article exposes the public policy of closing the border of the Dominican Republic against the Haitian population since 1937, a situation that has been beneficial for global corporations that have increased their profit margins by taking advantage of the context of poverty, violence, and racism experienced by the Haitian population. The case of the textile corporation Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI) is studied, which has placed an industrial site on the Haitian-Dominican border line. Methodologically, an anthropological and geographical study was carried out, consisting of interviews and visits to both workers and company officials, in addition to a documentary review of the economic policy of both countries and the legislation regulating transnational corporations. In this way, the creative political, legal, technical, and territorial devices used to exploit cheap Haitian labor are exposed, evidencing the national and racial segregation imposed by the textile company. It is concluded that this system of labor exploitation generates great economic profits in exchange for a minimal investment that does not contribute significantly to overcome the extreme poverty experienced by workers living in the impoverished Haitian border town of Ouanaminthe.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analiza la política racial de cierre de frontera que desde 1937 se ha instaurado en la zona dominico-haitiana, situación que ha resultado beneficiosa para corporativos globales que han incrementado sus márgenes de ganancia aprovechando el contexto de pobreza, violencia y racismo que vive la población haitiana. Se estudia el caso de la empresa textil Compagnie Développement Industriel (CODEVI), la cual ha desarrollado un sofisticado emplazamiento industrial sobre esta línea fronteriza. Metodológicamente se realiza un trabajo antropológico y geográfico que consistió en entrevistas y visitas tanto a personas trabajadoras como funcionarias de la empresa, además de una revisión documental de la política económica de ambos países y de legislaciones de corporaciones trasnacionales. De este modo, se exponen los ingeniosos dispositivos políticos, legales, técnicos y territoriales utilizados para explotar la mano de obra barata haitiana, evidenciando la segregación nacional y racial que impone la empresa textil. Se concluye que este sistema de explotación laboral obtiene grandes ganancias económicas a cambio de una mínima inversión que no contribuye significativamente a superar la extrema pobreza que viven trabajadores y trabajadoras que residen en la depauperada ciudad fronteriza haitiana de Ouanaminthe.

Resumen Ecuador es un pequeño país andino ubicado en el hemisferio occidental de América del Sur. El país cuenta con 361.747 hm 3 anuales de recursos hídricos superficiales. Como resultado, Ecuador, en los últimos quince años (2005 a 2020), ha estado desarrollando proyectos hidroeléctricos para triplicar la producción en esta fuente renovable. Hubo ocho nuevas centrales hidroeléctricas construidas en Ecuador entre 2007 y 2015, en donde se invirtieron cerca de USD 6 mil millones en los proyectos, lo que incrementó la respuesta energética con renovables; por ejemplo, en 1985 el país produjo 4 TWh, en 2005 registró 7 TWh y hasta 2020, 24 TWh. Según la Corporación de Electricidad del Ecuador en 2020 informó que generó alrededor del 80% de toda la electricidad a través de hidroelectricidad. Así, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente el desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica en Ecuador en los últimos años y establecer proyecciones energéticas generales al 2030 para ampliar los campos de conocimiento y perspectivas. La metodología del trabajo es cuantitativa, de acuerdo con fuentes editoriales científicas, artículos, documentos de investigación, y recolecta datos de agencias gubernamentales que regulan el desarrollo energético en Ecuador. Se concluye que, mediante un cálculo de proyecciones, Ecuador necesitará para el año 2030 alrededor de 43 TWh, 47 TWh o 52 TWh para abastecer la red energética, según los escenarios propuestos (bajo, medio, alto). Si bien la energía hidroeléctrica será fundamental para contribuir a este requerimiento, el país tiene una barrera porque la energía hidroeléctrica es muy sensible a factores externos de diversa índole, generando un futuro incierto directamente asociado a los efectos climáticos.

Abstract Ecuador is a small Andean country located in the western hemisphere of South America. The country has 361,747hm 3 annual superficial water resources; As a result, Ecuador, in the last fifteen years (2005 to 2020), has been rapidly developing hydropower projects to triple the production in this renewable source. There were eight new hydroelectric plants constructed in Ecuador among 2007 and 2015 invested close to USD 6 billion the projects. Increased the energy response with renewables; for example, in 1985, the country produced 4 TWh, in 2005-registered 7 TWh, and to 2020, 24 TWh. According to the Electricity Corporation of Ecuador in 2020 reported that generated around 80% of all electricity through hydropower; thus, the article aims to critically analyze the development of hydropower in Ecuador in recent years and establish general energy projections to 2030 to expand the fields of knowledge and perspectives. The paper methodology is quantitative, according to scientific editorial sources, articles, investigative documents, and collects data from government agencies that regulate energy development in Ecuador. It is conclusive between a projection’s calculation, Ecuador will need for the year 2030 around 43 TWh, 47 TWh, or 52 TWh to supply the energy grid, according to the scenarios proposed (low, medium, high). Although hydropower will be essential to contribute to this requirement, the country has a barrier because hydropower is very sensitive to external factors of diverse nature, generating an uncertainly future directly associated with climatic effects.

This policy brief document utilised an original published study from three academic hospitals in South Africa (SA) and all relevant published literature to develop recommendations on several strategies, summarised by the acronym 'PRACTICE', to optimise antimicrobial prescribing practices. These include implementing standardised policies for empirical antimicrobial use, routine review of antimicrobial therapy, age-specific antimicrobial stewardship programmes and continued collaborative efforts and research. Individualised treatment plans, improved infection prevention and control measures, ongoing surveillance and exploring electronic technology for antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial in combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and improving patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as SA.

RESUMO Introdução: na Colômbia foram desenvolvidos vários estudos e planos para determinar o impacto que a atividade física traz na vida diária. É importante reconhecer como o estilo de vida de uma pessoa ao ingressar na universidade sofre algumas mudanças, onde estas se refletem nos hábitos que a pessoa possui e também na saúde psicológica e física. Objetivo: identificar o nível atual de atividade física de estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos: participaram dez estudantes universitários, a abordagem da pesquisa é o método empírico-analítico, não experimental, onde foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em seu formato curto e a análise Mets como desenvolvimento da técnica. Resultados: constatou-se que mais de 70 % dos alunos do curso de graduação em Educação Física da Corporação Universitária do Minuto de Dios "UNIMINUTO" apresentam nível moderado de atividade física. Conclusões: a atividade física auxilia na saúde tanto mental quanto física, previne doenças não transmissíveis, melhora o desempenho acadêmico e profissional, aumenta até certo ponto o convívio social, são muitos os benefícios que o exercício físico traz.

RESUMEN Introducción: en Colombia, se han desarrollado varios estudios como también planes para poder determinar la incidencia que trae la actividad física en el diario vivir. Es importante reconocer cómo el estilo de vida de una persona al momento de ingresar a la universidad obtiene algunos cambios, donde estos se ven reflejados en los hábitos que tiene la persona y también en la salud psicológica y física. Objetivo: identificar el nivel actual de actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: participaron diez estudiantes universitarios, el enfoque de la investigación es empírico analítico, de método no experimental, donde se utilizó el cuestionario internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) en su formato corto y como desarrollo de la técnica se utilizó análisis Mets. Resultados: se determinó que más del 70 % de los estudiantes de licenciatura en Educación Física de la Corporación Universitaria del Minuto de Dios "UNIMINUTO" tienen un nivel moderado de actividad física. Conclusiones: la actividad física ayuda a la salud tanto mental como físicamente, previene enfermedades no transmisibles, mejora el rendimiento académico como laboral, incrementa en alguna medida la interacción social, son muchos los beneficios que trae consigo el ejercicio físico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Colombia, several different studies have been done to determine the effect of physical activity on everyday life. A person's lifestyle upon entry to the university changes affects the habits, and physical and psychological health of a person. Aim: To identify the current level of physical activity in university students. Materials and methods: Ten university students took part in the study, under an empirical and analytical approach based on a non-experimental method. The study conducted a short international questionnaire Physical Activity (IPAQ), and the Mets analysis technique. Results: More than 70 % of the students in the Physical Education bachelor's degree at the Minuto de Dios University Corporation UNIMINUTO had a moderate level of physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity favors mental and physical health, prevents non-communicable diseases, enhances academic achievements and work performance, and increases social interaction, among others.

INTRODUCTION: The use of glass ionomer cements (GIC) as a restorative material was limited to areas of low masticatory forces due to their low mechanical properties which were also affected by the powder/liquid mixing ratio of this material. Bond strength is important for the clinical success of adhesive material. The shear bond strength (SBS) is the maximum force that an adhesive joint can tolerate before fracture which is tested by SBS tests. The high bond strength helps the adhesive to resist stresses caused by resin contraction and forces for a longer time and thus prevents the problems of bond failure such as recurrent caries, tooth sensitivity and restoration failure. GIC as a restorative material has the capacity to release fluoride and shows good bonding ability. The use of GIC in anterior applications appears to be satisfactory, but they have limitations for use in permanent posterior teeth, particularly with regard to large restorations. Zirconia-reinforced GI (Zirconomer, Shofu Inc, Japan) is a new class of restorative material containing reinforced glass ionomer with special zirconia fillers that promises the strength and durability of amalgam with the protective benefits of glass ionomer while eliminating the hazards of mercury. Amalgomer CR (Advanced Health Care, Tonbridge, Kent, UK), a novel ceramic-reinforced GIC, was introduced, which combines the benefits of GIC with the high strength of ceramics. In the present study, shear bond strength to the dentin with Zirconomer, Amalgomer CR and Fuji type IX GIC (GC Tokyo) are compared. AIM: To evaluate the shear bond strength of three different aesthetic materials to dentin. METHODOLOGY: Thirty extracted human molar teeth were taken, cleaned, stored and the occlusal surfaces of the teeth were flattened with a straight fissured bur at a depth of three millimetres until dentin was exposed. Acrylic blocks were prepared by cold cure acrylic resin and the samples were embedded into the blocks and conditioning of dentin was done using dentin conditioner (GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan). Out of 30 dentin-exposed samples, 10 samples were restored with Zirconomer, the other 10 with Amalgomer CR and the remaining 10 with GIC respectively. All the specimens were transferred to the universal testing machine individually and subjected to shear bond strength analysis. RESULT: Statistical analysis was done for all three groups by using descriptive statistics that include one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures for intergroup comparison. CONCLUSION: Zirconomer showed better shear bond strength than Amalgomer CR and GIC

RESUMO Uma alta prevalência de periodontite apical pós-tratamento associada a variáveis como qualidade do tratamento endodôntico e fracasso do tratamento é relatada na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do tratamento endodôntico e a frequência e fracasso do tratamento associados a dentes com periodontite apical (PA) por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) em uma subpopulação colombiana. Material e Método Este foi um estudo transversal que avaliou 318 tomografias computadorizadas de dentes tratados endodonticamente de indivíduos colombianos. Os exames foram realizados utilizando o tomógrafo J Morita X550, com tamanho de voxel de 0,125 a 0,20 mm. Todos os dentes tratados endodonticamente foram avaliados quanto à qualidade do tratamento, presença de canais não localizados e AP. Todas as amostras foram avaliadas por dois especialistas em endodontia e um especialista em radiologia. Foram calculados o teste qui-quadrado ou de Fisher e a razão de chances para identificar associação e relação de risco entre a presença de PA e as variáveis do estudo. Resultados Foram encontrados canais não localizados em 18,61% (86/462) e 95,3% estavam associados à PA. A frequência de AP foi de 62,34% (288/462) para todos os dentes avaliados. AP foi encontrada em 27,43% (79/288) dos dentes com tratamento endodôntico adequado, em contraste com 72,57% (209/288) dos dentes com tratamento inadequado (P<0,01). A frequência de canais não localizados foi maior nos molares superiores, com 55,23% (58/105), sendo que 96,55% apresentavam PA. O canal mésio-palatino (MB2) apresentou maior frequência de canal não localizado (88,52% - 54/61), com PA em 90,74% (49/54) dos casos. Conclusão Houve alta frequência de dentes com canais não localizados e com PA. Mais da metade dos dentes com canais não localizados eram molares superiores, sendo o MB2 é o canal com a maior frequência, comumente apresentando periodontite apical.

ABSTRACT A high prevalence of post-treatment apical periodontitis associated to variables such as endodontic treatment quality and missed canals has been reported. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment and the frequency of missed canals associated with teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) through CBCT in a Colombian sub-population. Material and Method This was a crosssectional study assessing 318 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of endodontically treated teeth from Colombian individuals. The scans were taken using J Morita X550 (J Morita Corporation, Osaka, Japan), with voxel size 0.125 to 0.20 mm. All endodontically treated teeth were assessed for quality of treatment, presence of missed canals and AP. All samples were analyzed by two endodontics specialists and an radiology specialist. Chi-square or Fisher’s test and odds ratio were calculated to identify the association and risk relationship between the presence of AP and the study variables. Results Missed canals were found in 18.61% (86/462), and 95.3% were associated with AP. The frequency of AP was 62.34% (288/462) for all the evaluated teeth. AP was found in 27.43 % (79/288) of the teeth with adequate endodontic treatment, in contrast to 72.57% (209/288) of the teeth with inadequate treatment (P<0.01). The frequency of missed canals was highest in maxillary molars, with 55.23% (58/105), with 96.55% presenting AP. The second mesiobuccal canal was the most frequently missed canal, 88.52% (54/61), with AP in 90.74% (49/54) of the cases. Conclusion There was a high frequency of teeth with missed canals and PA. More than half of the teeth with missed canals were maxillary molars, with MB2 being the most common canal, commonly presenting apical periodontitis.

Resumen El surgimiento de las redes masivas de comunicación gracias a Internet ha generado un cambio significativo en la sociedad al permitir un acceso sin precedentes a la información. Este fenómeno ha propiciado la recolección y explotación de datos, dando lugar al concepto de colonialismo de datos, que implica la dominación y explotación de los datos por parte de naciones o empresas líderes, similar a la explotación de recursos ocurrido durante el colonialismo histórico. El uso y aprovechamiento de los datos por empresas tecnológicas está en constante crecimiento, dando lugar a lo que se conoce como un asentamiento digital, donde un pequeño grupo de empresas expanden su influencia al incorporar nuevos usuarios en espacios digitales ya establecidos o en territorios digitales emergentes. Un análisis del estado actual del colonialismo de datos revela el impacto significativo de Facebook y YouTube destacando como principales redes sociales colonizadoras, mientras que la corporación Meta, que engloba a Facebook, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp e Instagram, surge como el principal protagonista en la colonización de datos a nivel global.

Abstract The emergence of massive communication networks thanks to the Internet has generated a significant change in society by allowing unprecedented access to information. This phenomenon has led to the collection and exploitation of data, giving rise to the concept of data colonialism, which implies the domination and exploitation of data by nations or leading companies, similar to the exploitation of resources that occurred during historical colonialism. The use and exploitation of data by technology companies is constantly growing, giving rise to what is known as a digital settlement, where a small group of companies expand their influence by incorporating new users in already established digital spaces or in emerging digital territories. An analysis of the current state of data colonialism reveals the significant impact of Facebook and YouTube standing out as the main colonizing social networks, while the Meta corporation, which encompasses Facebook, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram, emerges as the main player in data colonization at a global level.

Resumo O aparecimento de redes de comunicação de massas graças à Internet gerou uma mudança significativa na sociedade ao permitir um acesso sem precedentes à informação. Este fenómeno conduziu à recolha e exploração de dados, dando origem ao conceito de colonialismo de dados, que implica o domínio e a exploração de dados por nações ou empresas líderes, à semelhança da exploração de recursos que ocorreu durante o colonialismo histórico. A utilização e a exploração de dados por empresas tecnológicas estão em constante crescimento, dando origem ao que é conhecido como colonização digital, em que um pequeno grupo de empresas expande a sua influência incorporando novos utilizadores em espaços digitais estabelecidos ou em territórios digitais emergentes. Uma análise do estado atual do colonialismo de dados revela o impacto significativo do Facebook e do YouTube, que se destacam como as principais redes sociais colonizadoras, enquanto a corporação Meta, que engloba o Facebook, o Facebook Messenger, o WhatsApp e o Instagram, surge como o principal interveniente na colonização global de dados.

Abstract Over the past twenty years, in different parts of the world, there has been an increase in environmental conflicts related to mining activities. In order to understand how agents in the extractive sector have described these conflicts and the way in which they have acted in response to them, this article analyzes two sets of publications produced during the last decade. Risk and trend reports for the extractive sector prepared through consultancies by Ernst & Young, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte and KPMG and three community relations manuals issued by the Brazilian Mining Institute, the National Confederation of Industry and the International Mining and Metals Council. We identified that the production and circulation of these materials are part of a set of authoritarian practices by extractive corporations set within at least three dimensions: i) an understanding that organized social actors who act in the defense of territories are risks that need to be managed; ii) the dissemination of “dialogue” and “social participation” techniques used to identify and classify social actors and iii) promoting the idea that the destiny of the territory is ineluctably linked to the corporation. years world activities them decade Young PricewaterhouseCoopers Institute Council dimensions i managed ii dialogue “dialogue participation iii corporation

Resumo Nos últimos vinte anos, observou-se um aumento dos conflitos ambientais relacionados às atividades de mineração em diversas partes do mundo. A fim de compreender como os agentes do setor extrativo descrevem estes conflitos e de que forma têm atuado para respondê-los, este artigo analisará dois conjuntos de publicações produzidos na última década. Os relatórios de riscos e tendências do setor extrativo elaborados pelas consultorias Ernst & Young, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte e KPMG e três manuais de relacionamento com comunidades do Instituto Brasileiro de Mineração, da Confederação Nacional da Indústria e do Conselho Internacional de Mineração e Metais. Identificamos que a produção e a circulação destes materiais integram o conjunto de práticas autoritárias das corporações extrativas em pelo menos três dimensões: i) a compreensão de que atores sociais organizados que atuam na defesa dos territórios são riscos a serem gerenciados; ii) à difusão de técnicas de “diálogo” e “participação social” utilizadas para a identificação e classificação dos atores sociais e iii) a promoção da ideia de que o destino do território está inelutavelmente ligado à corporação. anos observouse observou se mundo respondêlos, respondêlos respondê los, los respondê-los década Young PricewaterhouseCoopers Metais dimensões i gerenciados ii diálogo “diálogo participação social iii corporação

ABSTRACT Immature cowpea grains are a rich source of proteins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phenolic compounds and also have a high antioxidant capacity compared to dry grains. Its consumption promotes a healthy and diversified diet. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cooking time and chemical and mineral composition of the raw and cooked immature grains of different cowpea genotypes. Four genotypes, two elite lines (MNC00-595F-27 and MNC05-847B-123) and two commercial cultivars (BRSTumucumaque and Vagem Roxa-THE) were analyzed. Cooking time was evaluated using the Mattson cooker. Proximate composition and minerals were determined. A completely randomized design with three replications in factorial scheme 1 (genotype) × 2 (raw and cooked grains) was adopted, except for cooking quality. The genotypes MNC05-847B-123 and BRS-Tumucumaque differed from the other genotypes, presenting faster cooking of the immature grain. Cooking increased the moisture content and reduced ash, lipid, protein, and carbohydrates contents and total energy value. The lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27 showed higher contents of the nutrients of the centesimal composition after cooking than the local cultivar Vagem Roxa-THE, except for the moisture content. The mineral content decreased after cooking, with Fe, Zn, and Mn contents having the least losses with thermal processing. The lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27, even with losses after the thermal processing of the immature grain, have nutritional potential as cultivars for the green-bean market. proteins fiber diet MNC00595F27 MNCF MNC00 595F 27 MNC F (MNC00-595F-2 MNC05847B123 MNCB MNC05 847B 123 B BRSTumucumaque RoxaTHE Roxa THE Roxa-THE analyzed cooker determined genotype (genotype adopted quality MNC05-847B-12 BRS Tumucumaque grain ash lipid protein value MNC00-595F-2 RoxaTHE, THE, Fe Zn MNC00595F27, 27, greenbean green bean market MNC00595F2 MNC0 (MNC00-595F- MNC05847B12 12 MNC05-847B-1 MNC00-595F- MNC00595F (MNC00-595F MNC05847B1 MNC05-847B- MNC00-595F MNC05847B MNC05-847B

RESUMO Os grãos imaturos de feijão-caupi são uma rica fonte de proteínas, minerais, fibra alimentar e compostos fenólicos e também possuem alta capacidade antioxidante em comparação aos grãos secos. O seu consumo promove uma alimentação saudável e diversificada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de cozimento e a composição química e mineral de grãos imaturos crus e cozidos de diferentes genótipos de feijão-caupi. Foram analisados quatro genótipos, duas linhagens elite (MNC00-595F-27 e MNC05847B-123) e duas cultivares comerciais (BRS-Tumucumaque e Vagem Roxa-THE). O tempo de cozimento foi avaliado utilizando-se o cozedor de Mattson. Foram determinados a composição centesimal e minerais. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições em esquema fatorial 1 (genótipo) × 2 (grãos crus e cozidos), exceto para qualidade de cozimento. Os genótipos MNC05847B-123 e BRS-Tumucumaque diferiram dos demais genótipos, apresentando cozimento mais rápido do grão imaturo. O cozimento aumentou o teor de umidade e reduziu o teor de cinzas, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos e o valor energético total. As linhagens MNC05-847B-123 e MNC00-595F-27 apresentaram teores de nutrientes da composição centesimal mais altos após o cozimento que a cultivar local Vagem Roxa-THE, exceto para o teor de umidade. O teor de minerais diminuiu após o cozimento, sendo que os teores de Fe, Zn e Mn tiveram as menores perdas com o processamento térmico. As linhagens MNC05-847B-123 e MNC00595F-27, mesmo com perdas após o processamento térmico do grão imaturo, apresentam potencial nutricional como cultivares para o mercado de feijão verde. feijãocaupi caupi secos diversificada feijãocaupi. caupi. MNC00595F27 MNCF MNC00 595F 27 MNC F (MNC00-595F-2 MNC05847B123 MNCB MNC05847B 123 B BRSTumucumaque BRS Tumucumaque RoxaTHE. RoxaTHE Roxa THE . Roxa-THE) utilizandose utilizando se Mattson Adotouse Adotou genótipo (genótipo cozidos, , cozidos) MNC05847B-12 imaturo cinzas lipídios total MNC05 847B MNC05-847B-12 MNC00-595F-2 RoxaTHE, THE, Roxa-THE Fe MNC00595F27, MNC00595F 27, MNC00595F-27 verde MNC00595F2 MNC0 (MNC00-595F- MNC05847B12 12 MNC05847B-1 MNC05-847B-1 MNC00-595F- MNC00595F-2 (MNC00-595F MNC05847B1 MNC05847B- MNC05-847B- MNC00-595F MNC00595F- MNC05-847B

ABSTRACT. Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%. ABSTRACT Malpighia DC. DC attributes variability Additionally scarce Twentythree Experiment I thirtyfive thirty five II plot traits diameter mass lightness, lightness (lightness hue, hue , hue) firmness SS, SS (SS) TA, TA (TA) SSTA ratio methods components 1 95 95% (SS (TA 9

South Africa has recently established its first deposit insurance body, the Corporation for Deposit Insurance (the Corporation), as part of the Twin Peaks regulatory reforms following the 2008/09 Global Financial Crisis (Crisis). The primary responsibilities of the Corporation are to establish, maintain and administer a deposit insurance fund to protect the banks' covered depositors and inform the depositors of its benefits and limitations, should a bank be placed into resolution. The rationale behind the protection of depositors is premised on the need to maintain confidence and financial stability in the banking sector. This article appraises the features of the new deposit insurance system as enshrined in the Financial Sector Laws Amendment Act 2021 (FSLA Act). The article evaluates whether the new framework for the protection of depositors aligns with international standards, particularly the International Association of Deposit Insurers' Core Principles for Effective Deposit Insurance Systems. The pertinent question is whether the current features of South Africa's deposit insurance are optimally designed to ensure its effectiveness. The article ends with practical suggestions for strengthening the South African deposit insurance framework to ensure its optimal alignment with international good practice.

BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers are an essential health resource in the care of persons with severe mental disorders, particularly in South Africa where access to mental healthcare services is limited. AIM: The study aimed to explore and describe the coping strategies used by informal caregivers and the specific health impacts they face in the context of severe mental disorders in South Africa. SETTING: The study was conducted in Bushbuckridge municipality situated in the northeastern parts of Mpumalanga province, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative methodology was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 purposefully selected participants. Audio-recorded interviews were translated, transcribed and analysed inductively on NVivo12 using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The themes identified were caregivers' experience of consequences of caregiving and caregivers' experience of coping with their caregiving role. Participants experienced negative consequences on their emotional, mental and physical health. The participants use internal and external resources to cope with the challenges they face, and many highlighted using emotion-focused coping strategies. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed an urgent need to develop support strategies to strengthen informal caregivers' coping and promote good health particularly in rural South Africa where informal caregivers play a crucial role in the management of severe mental disorders. CONTRIBUTION: The finding demands that policymakers and healthcare providers prioritise the health and well-being of the informal caregivers. There should be policies targeted specifically at developing and implementing caregiver-orientated healthcare services.

Abstract Tilapia is one of the most important aquaculture species due to the desirable characteristics as easy reproduction and quick growth in several farming systems, including the recirculating aquaculture systems RAS. In this, the high flow of water to remove waste casually stimulates the fish to swim backset, and growth performance may be improved. Increasing the speed of swimming can improve performance within certain limits, in which however if exceeded can be harmful. Fish may be exhausted leading to impaired growth or even mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance of tilapia juveniles under sustained swimming exercise at different speeds. Additionally, the fish stocking density effect was tested in the sustained swimming exercise condition. In the first experiment, Nile tilapia juveniles were submitted in triplicates to sustained swimming exercise in speeds of control (not exercised), 1 BL/s (body length per second), 1.5 BL/s and 2 BL/s. In the second experiment, two fish stocking densities were tested in triplicates in sustained swimming exercise in speed of 2 BL/s and control not exercised. Fish growth performance was improved by sustained swimming exercise in speeds up to 2 BL/s. No expressive fish mortalities were observed in both experiments. The comparison between the two stocking densities does not allow us to safely say tilapia can be reared at stocking densities in order of 1,000 fish/m3, even under sustained swimming exercise. Other densities need to be tested. RAS backset limits harmful mortality Additionally condition experiment exercised, exercised , exercised) BLs BL s body second, second) 15 5 1. experiments 1000 000 1,00 fishm3 fishm m3 m fish/m3 100 00 1,0 fish/m 10 0 1,

ABSTRACT The purpose was to evaluate structural characteristics of pasture, behavioral aspects and physiological parameters of sheep finished on irrigated Tamani grass pasture under continuous stocking, using castor bean cake as alternative input. Structural characteristics of the pasture were assessed in a randomized block design in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two sources of nitrogen fertilization (mineral - urea and organic - in natura castor bean cake) and two supplements (with or without detoxified castor bean cake), in four replications (paddocks). Behavioral aspects and physiological parameters were assessed in a randomized block design with four treatments, and repeated measures over time in eight replications (sheep). Total forage biomass, green leaf blade biomass, grazing, rumination, and idleness times, as well as respiratory rate and rectal temperature were assessed. Urea provided greater leaf blade biomass (1,807 kg DM.ha.cycle-1) and tiller population density (1,592 tillers.m-2). Grazing time reduced 65 minutes.day-1 for animals supplemented with detoxified castor bean cake and kept in pastures fertilized with urea. The use of castor bean cake did not change the physiological parameters of the animals in any of the managements evaluated and can be used as a strategic input in the finishing of sheep on pasture. stocking arrangement mineral cake, , paddocks. paddocks . (paddocks) treatments sheep. (sheep) grazing rumination times 1,807 1807 1 807 (1,80 DM.ha.cycle1 DMhacycle1 DMhacycle DM.ha.cycle DM ha cycle DM.ha.cycle-1 1,592 1592 592 (1,59 tillers.m2. tillersm2 tillersm tillers.m tillers m tillers.m-2) 6 minutes.day1 minutesday1 minutesday minutes.day minutes day minutes.day- (paddocks (sheep 1,80 180 80 (1,8 cycle1 DM.ha.cycle- 1,59 159 59 (1,5 m2 tillers.m2 tillers.m-2 day1 1,8 18 8 (1, 1,5 15 5 tillers.m- 1, (1 (

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características estruturais da pastagem, os aspectos comportamentais e os parâmetros fisiológicos de ovinos terminados em pastagem irrigada de capim Tamani sob lotação contínua, utilizando-se torta de mamona como insumo alternativo. As características estruturais da pastagem foram avaliadas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, com duas fontes de adubação nitrogenada (mineral - ureia e orgânica - torta de mamona in natura) e dois suplementos (com ou sem torta de mamona desintoxicada), em quatro repetições (piquetes). Os aspectos comportamentais e os parâmetros fisiológicos foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e medidas repetidas no tempo em oito repetições (ovinos). Foram avaliados a biomassa total de forragem, a biomassa de lâmina foliar verde, os tempos de pastejo, a ruminação e o ócio, bem como a frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal. A ureia proporcionou maior biomassa de lâmina foliar (1.807kg MS.ha.ciclo-1) e densidade populacional de perfilhos (1.592 perfilhos.m-2). O tempo de pastejo reduziu 65 minutos.dia-1 para animais suplementados com torta de mamona desintoxicada e mantidos em pastagens fertilizadas com ureia. A torta de mamona não alterou os parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais em nenhum dos manejos avaliados, podendo ser utilizada como insumo estratégico na terminação de ovinos a pasto. Objetivouse Objetivou se contínua utilizandose utilizando alternativo acaso mineral natura desintoxicada, , desintoxicada) piquetes. piquetes . (piquetes) ovinos. (ovinos) forragem verde ócio retal 1.807kg 1807kg kg 1 807kg MS.ha.ciclo1 MShaciclo1 MShaciclo MS.ha.ciclo MS ha ciclo MS.ha.ciclo-1 1.592 1592 592 (1.59 perfilhos.m2. perfilhosm2 perfilhosm perfilhos.m m perfilhos.m-2) 6 minutos.dia1 minutosdia1 minutosdia minutos.dia minutos dia minutos.dia- pasto (piquetes (ovinos ciclo1 MS.ha.ciclo- 1.59 159 59 (1.5 m2 perfilhos.m2 perfilhos.m-2 dia1 1.5 15 5 (1. perfilhos.m- 1. (1 (