Abstract This article proposes to analyze what is the role that copyright has in the field of fashion, investigating its characteristics, development and scope, in order to understand not only the reason by virtue of which its application is usually resisted by some sectors that prefer to resort to other types of intellectual rights to protect the fruit of the intellect associated with this industry but also to try to demonstrate the benefits of its exercise mainly in favor of authors and owners. First of all, the essential elements that make up the copyright system will be briefly analyzed, pointing out conceptual and practical aspects. Second, the link between fashion designs and author elements will be addressed. Finally, by raising the strengths and weaknesses of the discipline, the viability of Copyright in this type of industry will be addressed.

Resumen El presente artículo propone analizar cuál es el rol que el derecho de autor tiene en el campo de la moda, indagando las características, desenvolvimiento y alcance del mismo, con el fin de comprender no solo el motivo en virtud del cual su aplicación suele ser resistida por algunos sectores que prefieren recurrir a otro tipo de derechos intelectuales para proteger el fruto del intelecto asociado a esta industria sino también para intentar demostrar las bondades de su ejercicio principalmente en favor de autores y titulares. En primer lugar se analizarán brevemente los elementos esenciales que integran el sistema de derecho de autor señalando aspectos conceptuales y prácticos. En segundo término se abordará la vinculación entre los diseños de moda y los elementos autorales. Finalmente, mediante un planteo de los puntos fuertes y débiles de la disciplina, se encarará la viabilidad del Derecho de Autor en este tipo de industria.

Resumo Este artigo se propõe a analisar qual é o papel que o direito autoral tem no campo da moda, investigando suas características, desenvolvimento e abrangência, a fim de compreender não apenas o motivo pelo qual costuma se resistir à sua aplicação. por alguns sectores que preferem recorrer a outros tipos de direitos intelectuais para proteger o fruto do intelecto associado a esta indústria mas também para tentar demonstrar os benefícios do seu exercício principalmente a favor dos autores e proprietários. Em primeiro lugar, serão analisados brevemente os elementos essenciais que compõem o sistema de direitos autorais, apontando aspectos conceituais e práticos. Em segundo lugar, será abordada a ligação entre os designs de moda e os elementos do autor. Por fim, ao aumentar os pontos fortes e fracos da disciplina, será abordada a viabilidade dos direitos autorais nesse tipo de indústria.

Abstract Fashion as a cultural expression involves a great amount of goods that circulate internationally. The designs, shapes, and utilities are the result of the creative work of people, interdisciplinary teams, researchers, and companies. The fruit obtained in this activity is protected by the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Intangible rights are an integral part of the value of goods and therefore have an impact on Customs Law since they are the basis of valuation for the purposes of applying taxes to foreign trade. The protection of copyright and the correct use of commercial and industrial trademarks has been presented as a control activity of the customs and in that mission the World Customs Organization made recommendations to optimize the control and thus prevent the flow of infringing goods. In Argentina, according to these parameters, a mechanism has been implemented to prohibit the circulation of goods in trademark fraud or pirated or unauthorized copies.

Resumen La moda como expresión cultural involucra a una gran cantidad de mercaderías que circulan internacionalmente. Los diseños, formas, utilidades son el fruto de un trabajo creativo de personas, equipos interdisciplinarios, investigadores, y de empresas. El fruto obtenido en esa actividad tiene tutela en virtud del Acuerdo de la OMC sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC). Los derechos intangibles son una parte integrante del valor de las mercaderías y por tal motivo tiene impacto en el Derecho Aduanero ya que integran la base de valoración a los fines de la aplicación de los tributos al comercio exterior. La tutela de respetar los derechos de autor y el uso correcto de las marcas comerciales e industriales se ha presentado como una actividad de control propia de las aduanas y en esa misión la Organización Mundial de Aduanas realizó recomendaciones para optimizar el control y de esta manera impedir el flujo de mercaderías en infracción. En la Argentina conforme a estos parámetros ha implementado un mecanismo de prohibición de circulación de mercaderías en fraude marcario o copia pirata o no autorizada.

Resumo A moda, como expressão cultural, envolve uma grande quantidade de bens que circulam internacionalmente. Os desenhos, formas e utilidades são o resultado do trabalho criativo de pessoas, equipes interdisciplinares, pesquisadores e empresas. Os frutos obtidos desta atividade são protegidos pelo Acordo da OMC sobre Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Comércio (TRIPS). Os direitos intangíveis são parte integrante do valor das mercadorias e, por esta razão, têm um impacto no Direito Aduaneiro, pois são a base da avaliação para fins de aplicação de impostos ao comércio exterior. A proteção dos direitos autorais e o uso correto das marcas comerciais e industriais foi apresentada como uma atividade de controle da alfândega e, nesta missão, a Organização Mundial das Alfândegas fez recomendações para otimizar o controle e assim evitar o fluxo de mercadorias infratoras. De acordo com estes parâmetros, a Argentina implementou um mecanismo para proibir a circulação de mercadorias em fraudes de marcas ou cópias piratas ou não autorizadas.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo verificar la hipótesis de que la asignatura en Alfabetización Informacional es clave en el desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes. Los autores revisan los obstáculos, los intereses y las metas del alumnado después de completar un curso sobre Alfabetización Informacional. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa en línea basada en encuestas en la universidad Transilvania de Brasov. La literatura fue revisada mediante métodos cienciométricos con el fin de analizar los artículos más relevantes y citados publicados en Web of Science. También fue utilizado el método de análisis de emociones para observar los sentimientos de los alumnos. Los estudiantes de la Generación Z, llamados 'nativos digitales' hoy en día, tienen notables habilidades digitales y utilizan fuentes de información principalmente de ese entorno. Por lo tanto, esta asignatura universitaria debe estar al día con la mentalidad y el comportamiento informativo de las nuevas generaciones. La hipótesis quedó así confirmada; el cuerpo estudiantil necesita esta materia porque temas como los derechos de autor, estrategias de búsqueda y bases de datos son de su interés. Asimismo, tales habilidades de búsqueda informacional son importantes para el desarrollo profesional. La investigación presenta un método original de análisis y revisión de la literatura que puede aplicarse en otras áreas de interés.

Abstract This study aims to verify the hypothesis that Information Literacy is a key course in the professional development of students. The authors review the obstacles, interests, and goals of students after their completion of the subject in Information Literacy. Quantitative survey-based research was conducted online at Transilvania University of Brasov. The literature was revised by scientometric methods in order to analyse the most relevant and highly cited articles published in Web of science. Emotion Analysis method was used, since it is a fast method to scan students' feelings. Students from Generation Z, the digital native nowadays, have remarkable digital skills and use information sources mainly from the digital environment. In this respect, Informational Literacy courses need to keep pace with the mentality and information behaviour of new generations. The hypothesis was thus supported; the students need this course because subjects like Copyright, Search Strategies, and Databases are of interest. Moreover, these informational research skills are important in professional development. This critical evaluation of Generation Z education may interest those studying trends in education and students' needs.

Abstract: Zero-watermarking is a robust and lossless technique for digital image security, copyright protection, and content authentication. This paper introduces a novel zero-watermarking scheme for medical image authentication based on deep learning. The proposed approach leverages a neural network based on the Context Encoder to extract distinctive features from the image, enhancing the method. The training of the neural model increases robustness. The watermark consists of a halftone image of the patient's face, serving as a unique identifier for medical study. By revealing the watermark, medical professionals can verify the correspondence between the imaging study and the patient. Therefore, an XOR operation merges the watermark sequence and the extracted features. The proposed method offers continuous image protection, safeguarding sensitive medical data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the technique's robustness against various attacks, including geometric transformations (scaling, cropping, resizing, rotation) and image processing manipulations (filtering, blurring, JPEG compression, and noise addition). The detection watermark process achieves a low bit error rate and a high normalized cross-correlation, validating the method's robustness and effectiveness. The deep neural network improved the robustness of the presented zero-watermarking scheme making it suitable for practical applications in medical data security and integrity.

Abstract This paper was aimed at knowing to what extent the Brazilian public policiesPlano Nacional do Livro e LeituraandPolítica Nacional de Leitura e Escritamerge with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 of quality education, namely Quality Education, from a social sustainability perspective. A mixed-methods approach was required for this purpose due to both quantitative and qualitative approaches to dealing with the data. We chose the Content Analysis research method to analyze them. Specifically, we used the categorical analysis technique and established a coding scheme. The policiesPlano Nacional do Livro e LeituraandPolítica Nacional de Leitura e Escritamerge with only three out of ten Sustainable Development Goal 4 targets, being: (a) to guarantee meaningful learning processes (4.1 target); (b) to offer scholarships for professional development (4.b target); and (c) to develop teacher training programs (4.c target). However, other linkages not related to the Sustainable Development Goal 4 were observed. They concern the following: (a) copyright and book economy matter; (b) social reading practices; (c) learning environments where to promote reading; (d) research and studies on the book production chain and information consumption market; (e) the use of technology to enhance reading promotion practices; and (f) symbolism during activities of reading promotion. The study concludes that despite the potential of Brazilian public policies for reading promotion to leverage quality education within the realm of social sustainability, the documents analyzed do not exhibit significant correlations with Sustainable Development Goal 4 of the 2030 Agenda. This suggests that the Plano Nacional do Livro e Leituraand Política Nacional de Leitura e Escrita should incorporate the seven missing requirements of the Quality Education Sustainable Development Goal (4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.a target), demonstrate all the ten targets, and establish a reading policy based on sustainable development until 2030. perspective mixedmethods mixed methods data them Specifically scheme targets being (a 4.1 41 1 (4. target target) b (b 4.b 4b c (c 4.c 4c target. . However observed following matter practices d (d market (e f (f 203 Agenda 4.2, 42 2 (4.2 43 3 4.3 44 4.4 45 5 4.5 46 6 4.6 47 7 4.7 4a target, , 4. (4 20 4.2 (

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo saber em que medida as políticas públicas brasileiras Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura e Política Nacional de Leitura e Escrita se harmonizam com o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 4, de educação de qualidade, da Organização das Nações Unidas sob uma perspectiva de sustentabilidade social. Para esse fim, foi necessária uma pesquisa de método misto, devido às abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa para lidar com os dados. Escolhemos o método de pesquisa Análise de Conteúdo para analisá-los. Especificamente, usamos a técnica de análise categórica e estabelecemos um sistema de codificação. As políticas públicas Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura e Política Nacional de Leitura e Escrita se unem a apenas três das dez metas do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 4, sendo elas: (1) garantir processos de aprendizagem significativos (meta 4.1); (2) oferecer bolsas de estudo para o desenvolvimento profissional (meta 4.b); e (3) desenvolver programas de formação de professores (meta 4.c). Entretanto, foram observados outros vínculos não relacionados a esse Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Eles dizem respeito ao seguinte: (1) direitos autorais e economia do livro; (2) práticas sociais de leitura; (3) ambientes de aprendizagem onde promover a leitura; (4) pesquisas e estudos sobre a cadeia produtiva do livro e o mercado de consumo de informação; (5) uso da tecnologia para aprimorar as práticas de promoção da leitura; e (6) simbolismo durante as atividades de promoção da leitura. O estudo conclui que apesar do potencial das políticas públicas brasileiras de promoção da leitura para alavancar uma educação de qualidade no âmbito da sustentabilidade social, os documentos analisados não apresentam correlações significativas com o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 4 da Agenda 2030. Isto sugere que o Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura e a Política Nacional de Leitura e Escrita devem, até 2030, incorporar os sete requisitos que faltam do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Educação de Qualidade (metas 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 e 4.a), evidenciar todas as dez metas e estabelecer uma política pública para a promoção da leitura baseada no desenvolvimento sustentável. social fim misto dados analisálos. analisálos analisá los. los analisá-los Especificamente codificação elas 1 (1 meta 4.1 41 4.1) 2 (2 4.b 4b b 4.b) 3 (3 4.c. 4c c 4.c . 4.c) Entretanto seguinte (4 informação 5 (5 6 (6 2030 devem 42 4.2 43 4.3 44 4.4 45 4.5 46 4.6 47 7 4. 4.a, 4a 4.a , 4.a) sustentável ( 203 20

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) poses new challenges for the acquisition of knowledge, also in an academic-scientific context. Objective: Present the information capabilities required for the efficient use of Generative AI technologies for information requirements of an academic-scientific nature. Methodological approach: The research is exploratory, using a qualitative approach and two data collection techniques, namely bibliographic research and observation. Result: Generative AI tools bring new opportunities and challenges to academia and raise concerns about copyright (plagiarism and intellectual property of the content generated by the technology), integrity of science, reliability of research, fairness and ethics (dissemination of bias) and others. Conclusions: To use generative AI tools effectively and strategically, people need to develop five steps (analyzing information needs; analyzing the tool; planning search strategies (devising commands); analyzing synthesized content; using synthesized content) and apply the 18 information literacies associated with these steps. (AI knowledge academicscientific academic scientific context Objective nature exploratory techniques observation Result plagiarism technology, technology , technology) science dissemination bias others Conclusions strategically needs tool devising commands commands) 1

RESUMO A Inteligência Artificial (IA) traz novos desafios para a aquisição de conhecimento, inclusive no contexto acadêmico-científico. Objetivo: Apresentar as habilidades informacionais necessárias ao uso eficiente de tecnologias de IA Generativa em demandas acadêmicas-científicas. Percurso metodológico: A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória, utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e duas técnicas de coleta de dados, a saber, pesquisa bibliográfica e observação. Resultado: As ferramentas de IA Generativa trazem novas oportunidades e desafios para a academia e levantam preocupações sobre direito autoral (plágio e propriedade intelectual do conteúdo gerado pela tecnologia), integridade da ciência, confiabilidade das pesquisas, justiça e ética (disseminação de preconceitos) e outras. Conclusões: Para utilizar ferramentas de IA generativa de forma eficaz e estratégica as pessoas precisam desenvolver cinco etapa (Analisar a necessidade de informação; Analisar da ferramenta; Planejar estratégias de busca (elaborar comando); Analisar o conteúdo sintetizado; Usar o conteúdo sintetizado) e aplicar as 18 habilidades informacionais relacionadas a essas etapas. (IA conhecimento acadêmicocientífico. acadêmicocientífico acadêmico científico. científico acadêmico-científico Objetivo acadêmicascientíficas. acadêmicascientíficas acadêmicas científicas. científicas acadêmicas-científicas metodológico caracterizase caracteriza se exploratória dados saber observação Resultado plágio tecnologia, tecnologia , tecnologia) ciência pesquisas disseminação preconceitos outras Conclusões informação ferramenta elaborar comando comando) sintetizado 1 etapas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sci-Hub is a channel for accessing scientific texts completely free of charge and without the need for registration, which retrieves documents by title or persistent identifiers, even when texts are protected by copyright laws. The article presents the context in which Sci-Hub was created and how it works, informing about the barriers to scientific communication imposed by the current editorial system. Objective: The study investigated the extent of use of Sci-Hub in Brazil among stricto sensu graduate students from different areas. Methodology: The research involved a survey on the motivations for using Sci-Hub, applied with the help of Google Forms. Results: The results showed that around 20% of respondents were not aware of SciHub. Among the 779 graduate students who were familiar with the tool, 88% indicated that they use it regularly, either because of its zero cost or because of its practicality (74%). Just over 14% cited intellectual disobedience as a motivation for using Sci-Hub. The results also indicated that Sci-Hub has remained a shortcut between the researcher and the essential scientific content for carrying out his research and for the evolution of science. Conclusions: It is concluded that the creation of Sci-Hub and its intense use in Brazil and around the world are a symptom of the reaction of scientists to the deteriorated scheme of scientific communication maintained by international publishers and a confirmation of the importance of the principles of Open Science. Introduction SciHub Sci Hub registration identifiers laws works system Objective areas Methodology SciHub, Hub, Forms Results 20 77 tool 88 regularly 74%. 74 74% . (74%) 14 Hub. science Conclusions Science 2 7 8 (74% 1 (74 (7 (

RESUMO Introdução: O Sci-Hub é um canal de acesso a textos científicos totalmente gratuito e sem necessidade de cadastro que recupera documentos através do título ou de identificadores persistentes, mesmo quando são textos protegidos pelas leis de direito autoral. O artigo apresenta o contexto de criação do Sci-Hub e seu funcionamento, informando sobre as barreiras à comunicação científica impostas pelo sistema editorial vigente. Objetivo: O estudo investigou a extensão do uso do Sci-Hub no Brasil entre estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu de diferentes áreas. Metodologia: A pesquisa envolveu um survey sobre as motivações para o uso do Sci-Hub, aplicado com o auxílio do Google Formulários. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que cerca de 20% dos respondentes não conheciam o Sci-Hub. Entre os 779 pósgraduandos que conheciam a ferramenta, 88% indicaram usá-la regularmente, seja pelo custo zero ou pela praticidade (74%). Pouco mais de 14% assinalaram desobediência intelectual como motivação para usar o Sci-Hub. Os resultados indicaram também que o Sci-Hub tem se mantido como um atalho entre o pesquisador e o conteúdo científico indispensável para a realização de sua pesquisa e para a evolução da ciência. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a criação do Sci-Hub e sua intensa utilização no Brasil e ao redor do mundo são um sintoma da reação dos cientistas ao esquema deteriorado de comunicação científica mantido pelas editoras internacionais e uma constatação da importância dos princípios da Ciência Aberta. Introdução SciHub Sci Hub persistentes autoral funcionamento vigente Objetivo pósgraduação pós graduação áreas Metodologia SciHub, Hub, Formulários Resultados 20 SciHub. Hub. 77 ferramenta 88 usála usá la regularmente 74%. 74 74% . (74%) 14 ciência Conclusões Concluise Conclui Aberta 2 7 8 (74% 1 (74 (7 (

The study aims to assess the level of copyright knowledge among library staff and law students at the University of Venda (UNIVEN) library in Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used a quantitative research approach using a survey to gather data on understanding and awareness of copyright laws on campus. Google Forms was used to collect data. The population consisted of 38 library staff selected using a census sampling method and 112 final-year and postgraduate law students selected using a stratified random sampling method. The results of the study show that UNIVEN law students are more knowledgeable about basic copyright matters such as policies, copyright protection, public domain, copyright limitations, and fair dealing, copyright ownership than library staff. The research findings provided insight into the current level of copyright knowledge among library staff and law students and suggested strategies to improve copyright education and training in libraries. The results of this study will be useful to librarians, academics, and policymakers interested in promoting copyright literacy and compliance in academic libraries.

Abstract Strategies for evaluating oat leaf diseases and using cultivars for pesticide-free growing enable more sustainable managements with food safety. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal timing for assessing genetic variability of resistance to leaf diseases among Brazilian oat cultivars through analysis of necrotic leaf area; and identify the most suitable cultivars for agroecologically-based production systems through analysis of grain yield and necrotic leaf area using adaptability and stability parameters. The experiment was carried out in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, using a randomized block design with three replications for evaluating 22 Brazilian oat cultivars (recommended and no longer recommended for cultivation) grown under no fungicide applications, from 2015 to 2020. Necrotic leaf area was measured at 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 days after plant emergence (DAE), using the WinDIAS software (Copyright 2012, Delta-T Devices Limited); grain yield was determined after harvesting grains with approximately 15% moisture. Regarding the necrotic leaf area analysis, the highest genetic variability of resistance to leaf diseases in the Brazilian oat cultivars evaluated was observed between 90 and 105 DAE. Regarding grain yield and necrotic leaf area, the oat cultivars URS Altiva, URS Charrua, UPFPS Farroupilha, and UPFA Gauderia stood out as the most suitable genetic resources for agroecologically-based production systems. pesticidefree pesticide free safety agroecologicallybased agroecologically based parameters Pestana RS Brazil 2 cultivation applications 201 2020 60 75 12 DAE, DAE , (DAE) Copyright 2012 DeltaT Delta T Limited Limited) 15 moisture 9 10 Altiva Charrua Farroupilha 20 202 6 7 1 (DAE

This work is centred on the judgment of the Constitutional Court in Blind SA v The Minister of Trade (CCT 320/21) [2022] ZACC 33 (21 September 2022), and the issues raised by this judgement. The main concern for this contribution is the overreliance on a non-ratified treaty - the Marrakesh Treaty -, which calls for the assessment of the place of international law in South Africa. The paper finds that while the issues raised in the Blind SA case - the rights of people with disability - are legitimate, the manner in which they were raised went beyond the prescripts of the Constitution.

The lack of works for educational and cultural literacy purposes in their own languages threatens the cultural survival of many vulnerable minority and indigenous groups worldwide. Translation could satisfy related access needs. A strict reading of international copyright law, however, does not facilitate the translation of works into other languages. Yet, it is often forgotten that, in accordance with the integration rule of treaty interpretation, the Berne Convention, and other relevant international intellectual property instruments, would have to be read in the light of internationally protected linguistic human rights in education and for cultural literacy. This mechanism could go some way towards assisting the easier translation of (parts of) works for the stated purposes into other languages. The argument made in this article, however, is that a harmonious reading of existing international copyright law with international human rights law cannot go as far as to sufficiently resolve the access needs of vulnerable groups speaking an endangered language, insofar as translated texts are concerned. In fact, it is contended that the existing regulation of translation under international copyright law is so inimical to the survival of vulnerable groups and their languages that it must be held to promote cultural or linguistic genocide. For that reason, the relevant copyright rules must be considered to conflict with ius cogens, that is, peremptory norms of international law, and to be void in their application to neglected languages. The article makes suggestions as to how countries could design national copyright law regulating translation rights and limitations and exceptions in a way that facilitates translation generally, and into neglected languages specifically. These suggestions are based on a reappraisal of the true character of translation, which must be seen to be highly transformative in nature and resulting in the creation of autonomous new works.

Central to this contribution is Article 4(1)(a) of the Marrakesh Treaty, which the Constitutional Court used to limit the exclusive right of adaptation of copyright owners in the case of Blind SA v The Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition. This contribution finds that while states can add other limitations in their national laws beyond Article 4(1)(a), they can do so relying on Articles 4.3 and 12 of the Marrakesh Treaty while observing the three-step test and their other international obligations. It is, therefore, recommended for our courts to provide clear guidance on normative development, which can, in turn, assist the legislature in its troubled path to domesticate the Marrakesh Treaty ahead of the planned ratification.