ABSTRACT The desperate attempt to improve mortality, morbidity, quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in patients on hemodialysis has led to multiple attempts to improve the different modes, frequencies, and durations of dialysis sessions in the last few decades. Nothing has been more appealing than the combination of diffusion and convection in the form of hemodiafiltration. Despite the concrete evidence of better clearance of middle weight molecules and better hemodynamic stability, tangible evidence to support the universal adoption is still at a distance. Survival benefits seen in selected groups who are likely to tolerate hemodiafiltration with better vascular access and with lower comorbid burden, need to be extended to real life dialysis patients who are older than the population studied and have significantly higher comorbid burden. Technical demands of initiation hemodiafiltration, the associated costs, and the incremental benefits targeted, along with patient-reported outcomes, need to be explored further before recommending hemodiafiltration as the mode of choice. mortality morbidity patientreported patient reported modes frequencies decades stability distance burden costs targeted choice

RESUMO A tentativa desesperada de melhorar a mortalidade, morbidade, qualidade de vida e desfechos relatados pelos pacientes em indivíduos em hemodiálise levou a diversas tentativas de aprimorar os diferentes modos, frequências e durações das sessões de diálise nas últimas décadas. Nada foi mais atrativo do que a combinação de difusão e convecção na forma de hemodiafiltração. Apesar das evidências concretas de melhor depuração de moléculas de peso médio e melhor estabilidade hemodinâmica, evidências tangíveis para apoiar a adoção universal ainda estão distantes. Os benefícios de sobrevida observados em grupos selecionados que provavelmente toleram a hemodiafiltração com melhor acesso vascular e com menor carga de comorbidades precisam ser estendidos aos pacientes reais em diálise, que são mais velhos do que a população estudada e apresentam uma carga de comorbidades significativamente maior. As exigências técnicas do início da hemodiafiltração, os custos associados e os benefícios incrementais almejados, juntamente com os desfechos relatados pelos pacientes, precisam ser melhor explorados antes de se recomendar a hemodiafiltração como o modo de escolha. mortalidade morbidade modos décadas hemodinâmica distantes maior almejados escolha

RESUMEN Introducción: el arbitraje científico enfocado en su dimensión educativa podría contribuir a la formación de nuevos investigadores. Objetivo: analizar el rol educativo del arbitraje científico en la formación de nuevos investigadores. Métodos: se realizó una revisión documental. Se localizaron y seleccionaron estudios relevantes en Medline, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y SciELO. Para la búsqueda se emplearon los vocablos: árbitro, revisor científico, arbitraje a revistas científicas y formación de investigadores. Se hallaron 201 trabajos publicados en los últimos 15 años. De ellos se escogieron 24, que conformaron la muestra porque abordaban la temática. Desarrollo: en Cuba el mayor número de investigadores se concentran en cuatro organismos centrales y cinco provincias. Desarrollar competencias científicas requiere trabajar en líneas investigativas, constituyendo la publicación en revistas arbitradas la principal fuente de divulgación de resultados. Los árbitros juegan un papel fundamental en el proceso a través de su herramienta fundamental: el informe de investigación. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de competencias investigativas durante el proceso de formación científica precisa de publicaciones en revistas arbitradas. Es en esta etapa donde los árbitros juegan su rol a través del informe de investigación mediante una crítica constructiva hacia el investigador, convenciéndolo con argumentos lógicos y educativos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: scientific arbitration focused on its educational dimension could contribute to the training of new researchers. Objective: to analyze the educational role of scientific arbitration in the training of new researchers. Methods: a documentary review was conducted. Relevant studies were located and selected in Medline, Virtual Health Library and SciELO. For the search, the following words were used: referee, scientific reviewer, arbitration to scientific journals and training of researchers. We found 201 papers published in the last 15 years. Of these, 24 were chosen, which made up the sample because they addressed the theme. Development: in Cuba, the largest number of researchers are concentrated in four central agencies and five provinces. Developing scientific competences requires working in research lines, constituting the publication in refereed journals the main source of dissemination of results. Referees play a fundamental role in the process through their fundamental tool: the research report. Conclusions: The development of research skills during the scientific training process requires the publication in refereed journals. It is at this stage where the referees play their role through the research report through constructive criticism towards the researcher, convincing him with logical and educational arguments.

Abstract While not endangered, the future and importance of the consecrated life for society today is not entirely clear or convincing. Among its most important attributes have been its creative potential, innovation as a way of life, and charismatic and apostolic manifestations as an alternative to society. With its importance for today in question, its viability as a proposal for the future arises. This dimension has been labeled the “political” dimension of the consecrated life. The present study aims to outline several answers in terms of the Latin American context. Based on a specialized bibliography, statistical data, the contributions of other related disciplines such as geography, ethics, and anthropology, and experiential reflection, this article sketches some possibilities for how the political dimension of the consecrated life can continue to be a viable alternative for creating other worlds.

Resumen La vida consagrada está lejos de extinguirse, sin embargo, tanto su futuro como su significancia para la sociedad actual, no son del todo claros ni convincentes. Uno de los atributos más importantes ha sido su posibilidad creativa, su innovación como forma de vida y el ser una alternativa en sus múltiples manifestaciones carismáticas y apostólicas, respecto de la sociedad. Hoy aquello tampoco es tan claro y por lo tanto la pregunta por el futuro y, mejor aún, por ser propuesta de futuro está en cuestión. A esta dimensión se le ha denominado “política”, y el siguiente estudio busca esbozar algunas respuestas en lo referente al contexto latinoamericano. A partir de bibliografía especializada, de datos estadísticos, del aporte de otras disciplinas afines, –como la geografía, la ética y la antropología–, y una reflexión experiencial se presentan algunos potenciales caminos en vistas de que la dimensión política de la vida consagrada continúe siendo alternativa para otros mundos posibles.

Abstract In the development of the enquiry and investigation of criminal proceedings under Law 906 of 2004, means of evidence were created that affect fundamental rights such as freedom, life, good name, entity, private property, and freedom of movement, among others. The application of such means can be ordered by the Attorney General’s Office without prior legal control by a supervisory judge. Thus, this research is based on the question: Should prior control by the judge of guarantees be necessary in the acts of enquiry and investigation provided for in Law 906 of 2004? This article will give a clear and convincing answer, using a legal-qualitative method of interpretation through which the need for prior control by the judge in acts such as those in Book II (investigation techniques and investigation of evidence and the evidential system), Title I (the investigation and the investigation) will be studied and recognised. In addition, the need for the judge’s intervention will be analysed and justified for means such as search and seizure, the retention of correspondence, the interception of communications, the recovery of information left behind when surfing the internet or other similar technological means, the surveillance and monitoring of persons, the surveillance of things, undercover agents and the controlled delivery and seizure of goods for confiscation purposes. This is because in the vast majority of these actions, in the judicial practice of criminal proceedings, there is evidence of excesses and even illegalities by the Judicial Police and the Prosecutor’s Office. To this end, the principle of judicial reserve and the new concept of the judge in criminal proceedings, as understood by the UN, will be studied: a procedural guarantee for weighing up conflicting rights. In this sense, it will be taken into account that in the Colombian constitutional state model, the limitation or restriction of fundamental guarantees must be proportional and reasonable in relation to the purpose of the investigation. Similarly, it is proposed, in the legislative sphere, the modification and creation of a single chapter on actions that require judicial authorisation to be carried out by the Attorney General’s Office.

Resumo No desenvolvimento do inquérito e da investigação dos processos penais previstos na Lei 906 de 2004, foram criados meios de prova que afetam direitos fundamentais como a liberdade, a vida, o bom nome, a entidade, a propriedade privada e a liberdade de locomoção, entre outros. A aplicação de tais meios pode ser ordenada pelo Ministério Público sem o prévio controle legal de um juiz supervisor. Assim, esta pesquisa se baseia na pergunta: Deve ser necessário o controle prévio do juiz de garantias nos atos de inquérito e investigação previstos na Lei 906 de 2004? Este artigo dará uma resposta clara e convincente, utilizando-se de um método jurídico-qualitativo de interpretação, por meio do qual será estudada e reconhecida a necessidade de controle prévio pelo juiz em atos como os do Livro II (técnicas de investigação e apuração de provas e sistema probatório), Título I (o inquérito e a investigação). Além disso, será analisada e justificada a necessidade intervenção do juiz para meios como a busca e apreensão, a retenção de correspondência, a interceptação de comunicações, a recuperação de informações deixadas durante a navegação na Internet ou outros meios tecnológicos similares, a vigilância e o monitoramento de pessoas, a vigilância de coisas, os agentes infiltrados e a entrega controlada e a apreensão de bens para fins de confisco. Isso porque, na grande maioria dessas ações, na prática judicial do processo penal, há indícios de excessos e até ilegalidades por parte da Polícia Judiciária e do Ministério Público. Para tanto, estudaremos o princípio da reserva jurisdicional e o novo conceito de juiz no processo penal, conforme entendimento da ONU: uma garantia processual de ponderação dos direitos em conflito. Nesse sentido, será levado em conta que, no modelo de Estado constitucional colombiano, a limitação ou restrição das garantias fundamentais deve ser proporcional e razoável em relação à finalidade da investigação. Da mesma forma, propõe-se, no âmbito legislativo, a modificação e a criação de um capítulo único de ações que requerem autorização judicial para sua execução pelo Ministério Público.

Resumen En el desarrollo de la indagación e investigación del proceso penal previsto en la Ley 906 de 2004 se crearon medios de prueba que afectan derechos fundamentales como la libertad, la vida, el buen nombre, la entidad, la propiedad privada, la libre locomoción, entre otros. La aplicación de tales medios puede ser ordenada por la Fiscalía General de la Nación sin control legal previo de un juez de control de garantías. Así, esta investigación parte del interrogante: ¿Debería ser necesario el control previo del juez de garantías en los actos de indagación e investigación previstos en la Ley 906 de 2004? El presente artículo dará una respuesta clara y contundente, utilizando un método jurídico-cualitativo de interpretación mediante el cual se estudiará y reconocerá la necesidad del control previo del juez en actos como los del libro II (técnicas de indagación e investigación de la prueba y sistema probatorio), título I (la indagación y la investigación). Además, se analizará y justificará la necesidad de la intervención del juez para medios como el allanamiento y registro, la retención de correspondencia, la interceptación de comunicaciones, la recuperación de información dejada al navegar por internet u otros medios tecnológicos similares, la vigilancia y seguimiento de personas, la vigilancia de cosas, los agentes encubiertos y la entrega vigilada e incautación de bienes con fines de comiso. Esto porque en la gran mayoría de esas actuaciones, en la práctica judicial de los procesos penales, se evidencian excesos e incluso ilegalidades de la Policía Judicial y la Fiscalía. Para ello se estudiarán el principio de reserva judicial y el nuevo concepto de juez en el proceso penal, tal y como es entendido por la ONU: una garantía procesal para ponderar los derechos confrontados. Se tendrá en cuenta, en ese sentido, que en el modelo de Estado constitucional colombiano la limitación o restricción de garantías fundamentales debe ser proporcional y razonable frente al fin de la investigación. De igual forma se propone, en el ámbito legislativo, la modificación y creación de un capítulo único de actuaciones que requieran autorización judicial para su realización por parte de la Fiscalía General de la Nación.

ABSTRACT In 2007 the Nordic group came to the following unanimous conclusions: In general, hormonal treatment is not recommended, considering the poor immediate results and the possible long-term adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Thus, surgery is to be preferred. However, defective mini puberty inducing insufficient gonadotropin secretion is one of the most common causes of nonobstructive azoospermia in men suffering from congenital isolated unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. The extent of alteration in the unilateral undescended testis correlate with the contralateral descended testis, indicating that unilateral cryptorchidism is a bilateral disease. Idiopathic central hypogonadism explains the phenomenon of defective mini puberty in otherwise healthy cryptorchid boys. We therefore recommend hormonal treatment for cryptorchid boys with defective mini puberty. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment following surgery to correct cryptorchidism restores mini puberty via endocrinological and transcriptional effects and prevents adult infertility in most cases. Several genes are important for central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in mammals, including many that are transcribed in both the brain and testis. At the molecular level, there is no convincing evidence that heat shock is responsible for the observed pathological testicular changes. Thus, impaired transformation of gonocytes is not the result of temperature stress but rather a hormonal imbalance. Cryptorchidism should therefore be considered a serious andrological problem that cannot be successfully treated by early orchidopexy alone. 200 conclusions general recommended longterm long term spermatogenesis Thus preferred However disease GnRHa (GnRHa cases mammals level changes imbalance alone 20 2

Resumo Atualmente discursos sobre temas como “marxismo cultural” e “globalismo” colocaram a questão das teorias da conspiração na ordem do dia. Os evidentes impactos políticos das teorias da conspiração na atualidade trazem à tona a necessidade de que elas sejam estudadas a sério. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o funcionamento de uma teoria da conspiração num contexto político específico, o da Guerra Fria e da Ditadura Militar no Brasil nos anos 1970. Nesta análise, busca-se compreender as estratégias narrativas e retóricas que deram à teoria da conspiração do livro Os subversivos, de Bernard Hutton, um certo poder de convencimento. Sobretudo, o uso do discurso factual, o apelo a supostos documentos secretos e o recurso a uma linguagem melodramática. Procura-se, ainda, entender como um discurso como o aqui analisado teve efeitos na realidade, seja em termos práticos quanto à lógica repressiva da Ditadura, seja quanto à orientação de agentes e funcionários dos serviços de inteligência, a quem o livro de Hutton foi indicado como uma espécie de livro didático. marxismo cultural globalismo “globalismo dia sério específico 1970 análise buscase busca se subversivos convencimento Sobretudo factual melodramática Procurase, Procurase Procura se, Procura-se ainda realidade inteligência didático 197 19 1

Abstract Currently, speeches on topics such as “cultural Marxism” and “globalism” have put the issue of conspiracy theories on the agenda. The evident political impacts of conspiracy theories today bring to light the need for them to be studied seriously. With this situation in mind, the objective of this article is to analyze the functioning of a conspiracy theory in a specific political context, that of the Cold War and the Military Dictatorship in Brazil in the 1970s. In this analysis, we seek to understand the narrative and rhetorical strategies that gave the conspiracy theory in Bernard Hutton’s The subversives a certain convincing power. Above all, the use of factual discourse, the appeal to supposed secret documents, and the use of melodramatic language. We also seek to understand how a discourse such as the one analyzed here had effects in reality, whether in practical terms regarding the repressive logic of the dictatorship, or regarding the orientation of agents and employees of the intelligence services, to whom Hutton’s book was indicated as a kind of textbook. Currently cultural Marxism globalism “globalism agenda seriously mind context 1970s s analysis Huttons Hutton power all documents language reality dictatorship services textbook

Resumen Después de un largo proceso de discusión, el Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial de la Unión Europea pronto asumirá la posición de un diploma pionero en la disciplina jurídica de la inteligencia artificial de manera integral. Entre los usos prohibidos de esta tecnología destacan las técnicas subliminales, es decir, técnicas dirigidas a la percepción de estímulos captados por los sentidos bajo el umbral de la conciencia. Estas técnicas pueden resultar en la manipulación de la mente de los seres humanos, trayendo riesgos para su bienestar y seguridad. La reciente monografía The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulating Subliminal AI Systems, de Rostam J. Neuwirth, aborda este tema de una manera profunda y original, tomando la perspectiva, concretamente, de la semiótica jurídica y de la filosofía del Derecho. Discutiendo los conceptos de sinestesia, oxímoron y lógica difusa, el autor propone una visión del Derecho integral, actualizada y flexible, capaz de satisfacer las necesidades del ser humano frente a estas tecnologías. En particular, Neuwirth defiende de manera convincente una comprensión del derecho a la libertad de pensamiento que incluya la prohibición de la manipulación mental. Brasil también ha asumido un papel pionero en la regulación de nuevas tecnologías. En este sentido, perspectivas como la de Neuwirth podrían constituir una valiosa contribución al debate en curso. discusión integral subliminales decir conciencia humanos seguridad Act Systems J original perspectiva concretamente sinestesia difusa flexible tecnologías particular mental sentido curso

Abstract After a long discussion process, the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act will soon assume the position of a pioneering step towards the regulation of artificial intelligence in a comprehensive way. Among the prohibited uses of this technology are subliminal techniques, that is, techniques aimed at the perception of stimuli captured by the senses under the threshold of consciousness. These techniques can result in the manipulation of the minds of human beings, bringing risks to their well-being and safety. The recent monograph The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulating Subliminal AI Systems, by Rostam J. Neuwirth, addresses this topic in a profound and original way, taking the perspective of Legal Semiotics and the Philosophy of Law. Discussing the concepts of synaesthesia, oxymoron and fuzzy logic, the author proposes a comprehensive, updated and flexible vision of Law, capable of meeting the needs of human beings in the face of these technologies. In particular, Neuwirth makes a convincing case for an understanding of the right to freedom of thought that includes the prohibition of mental manipulation. Brazil has also taken on a pioneering role in regulating new technologies. In this sense, perspectives such as Neuwirth’s could constitute a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate. process Unions Union s way is consciousness wellbeing well being safety Systems J Law synaesthesia logic technologies particular sense Neuwirths debate

Resumo Após um longo processo de discussão, o Regulamento Inteligência Artificial da União Europeia assumirá em breve a posição de diploma pioneiro na disciplina legal da inteligência artificial de forma abrangente. Dentre os usos proibidos dessa tecnologia destacam-se as técnicas subliminares, ou seja, técnicas direcionadas para a percepção de estímulos capturados pelos sentidos sob o limiar da consciência. Essas técnicas podem resultar na manipulação da mente de seres humanos, trazendo riscos para o seu bem-estar e sua segurança. A recente monografia The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulating Subliminal AI Systems (em tradução livre: O Regulamento Inteligência Artificial da UE: regulação de sistemas de IA subliminares), de Rostam J. Neuwirth, debruça-se sobre esse tema de maneira profunda e original, tomando a perspectiva da semiótica jurídica e da filosofia do Direito. Discutindo os conceitos de sinestesia, oxímoro e fuzzy logic, o autor propõe uma visão abrangente, atualizada e flexível do Direito, capaz de acorrer às necessidades dos seres humanos face a essas tecnologias. Em particular, Neuwirth faz uma defesa convincente de um entendimento do direito à liberdade de pensamento que inclua a proibição da manipulação mental. O Brasil tem assumido também um papel pioneiro na regulação de novas tecnologias. Nesse sentido, perspectivas como a de Neuwirth poderão constituir um contributo valioso para o debate em curso. discussão abrangente destacamse destacam se subliminares seja consciência bemestar bem estar segurança Act livre UE , subliminares) J debruçase debruça original Direito sinestesia logic tecnologias particular mental sentido curso

The prevalence of scams proliferating via online platforms has been identified as an emerging societal problem resulting in large-scale financial losses for victims. Online scams typically rely for their success on the generation of fake but convincing user profiles to conceal the identities of the scammers from the people being tricked into parting with their money. The increasing sophistication of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), which can produce outputs indistinguishable from real content, thus carries the risk of being adopted by fraudsters to assist in the enactment of online scams. This article considers the risks of the potential uptake and use of GenAI applications by online scammers operating in the sharing economy, with a focus on homestay-marketplace platforms and, in particular, the largest such platform, Airbnb.

Abstract Auxiliary bioartificial liver (BAL) is a promising direction for supporting liver functions in acute liver failure. However, clinical trials of BAL have not shown convincing results so far. We present a prototype of a hybrid biocomposite plasma filter containing living immortalized hepatocytes. This filter is designed to integrate into the biological circuit of the extracorporeal blood purification system with the aim of mimicking some functions of the liver. Due to the presence of hepatocytes in the filter, adequate metabolism of plasma substrates is ensured when blood contacts with special perforated membranes. We used HepG2 cell line as working cells. For evaluating the performance of the filter, we applied plasma from patients with liver failure who had abnormalities in biochemical indicators of blood. We analyzed concentrations of albumin, total and direct bilirubin and urea as criteria for effectiveness. Our results indicate normalization of these parameters after passing plasma through 7 filters and improvement after passing through 1 filter. This confirms the effectiveness of our prototype and creates a basis for developing a new extracorporeal BAL. (BAL However far membranes HepG cells albumin

Abstract This article analyzes the films produced and broadcast between 1976 and 1978 by the National Agency and the Public Relations Office (ARP) for the campaign to publicize the mandatory vaccination that was instituted by the National Immunization Plan (PNI), created in 1975 and regulated by Decree No. 78,231 of August 12, 1976. The objective is to understand the narrative constructed through images and speeches aimed at convincing the population to make vaccination a culturally accepted practice. To achieve this, we examine the legislation on the subject during the period under analysis, namely the civil-military dictatorship. The dictatorial regime is approached based on the conceptual aspects that guide the analysis of the appropriation of health campaigns as propaganda and investments in a private and curative health model. We can therefore conclude that the initiative to create the PNI is a hiatus in this process of privatizing health, since it is not an action guided by the dictatorship’s responsibility for the health of the population, but an action that involved the management of multiple actors in the health field, and which was embraced by the regime because it was a process directly linked to interests connected to the country’s conservative modernization project.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os filmes produzidos e veiculados, entre 1976 e 1978, pela Agência Nacional e pela Assessoria de Relações Públicas (ARP) para a campanha de divulgação da vacinação obrigatória que foi instituída pelo Plano Nacional de Imunizações (PNI), criado em 1975, e regulamentado pelo Decreto nº 78.231, de 12 de agosto de 1976. O objetivo é compreender a narrativa construída através de imagens e discursos visando tornar a vacina uma prática culturalmente aceita. Para isso, recorre-se à legislação que versa sobre o tema no período analisado, qual seja na ditadura civil-militar. O regime ditatorial é abordado a partir dos aspectos conceituais que orientam as análises sobre a apropriação das campanhas de saúde como propaganda e dos investimentos em um modelo de saúde privada e curativista. Conclui-se, assim, que a iniciativa de criação do PNI trata-se de um hiato nesse processo de privatização da saúde, já que não é uma ação orientada pela responsabilidade da ditadura para com a saúde da população, mas sim, uma ação que envolveu a gerência de múltiplos atores do campo da saúde, e que foi encampada pelo regime por se tratar de um processo diretamente atrelado a interesses ligados ao projeto de modernização conservadora do país.

Abstract This article analyzes the films produced and broadcast between 1976 and 1978 by the National Agency and the Public Relations Office (ARP) for the campaign to publicize the mandatory vaccination that was instituted by the National Immunization Plan (PNI), created in 1975 and regulated by Decree No. 78,231 of August 12, 1976. The objective is to understand the narrative constructed through images and speeches aimed at convincing the population to make vaccination a culturally accepted practice. To achieve this, we examine the legislation on the subject during the period under analysis, namely the civil-military dictatorship. The dictatorial regime is approached based on the conceptual aspects that guide the analysis of the appropriation of health campaigns as propaganda and investments in a private and curative health model. We can therefore conclude that the initiative to create the PNI is a hiatus in this process of privatizing health, since it is not an action guided by the dictatorship’s responsibility for the health of the population, but an action that involved the management of multiple actors in the health field, and which was embraced by the regime because it was a process directly linked to interests connected to the country’s conservative modernization project. 197 ARP (ARP PNI, , (PNI) No 78231 78 231 78,23 12 practice civilmilitary civil military dictatorship model dictatorships s field countrys country project 19 (PNI 7823 7 23 78,2 1 782 2 78,

Resumo Este artigo analisa os filmes produzidos e veiculados, entre 1976 e 1978, pela Agência Nacional e pela Assessoria de Relações Públicas (ARP) para a campanha de divulgação da vacinação obrigatória que foi instituída pelo Plano Nacional de Imunizações (PNI), criado em 1975, e regulamentado pelo Decreto nº 78.231, de 12 de agosto de 1976. O objetivo é compreender a narrativa construída através de imagens e discursos visando tornar a vacina uma prática culturalmente aceita. Para isso, recorre-se à legislação que versa sobre o tema no período analisado, qual seja na ditadura civil-militar. O regime ditatorial é abordado a partir dos aspectos conceituais que orientam as análises sobre a apropriação das campanhas de saúde como propaganda e dos investimentos em um modelo de saúde privada e curativista. Conclui-se, assim, que a iniciativa de criação do PNI trata-se de um hiato nesse processo de privatização da saúde, já que não é uma ação orientada pela responsabilidade da ditadura para com a saúde da população, mas sim, uma ação que envolveu a gerência de múltiplos atores do campo da saúde, e que foi encampada pelo regime por se tratar de um processo diretamente atrelado a interesses ligados ao projeto de modernização conservadora do país. veiculados 197 1978 ARP (ARP PNI, , (PNI) 1975 78231 78 231 78.231 1 aceita isso recorrese recorre analisado civilmilitar. civilmilitar civil militar. militar civil-militar curativista Concluise, Concluise Conclui se, Conclui-se assim tratase trata população sim país 19 (PNI 7823 7 23 78.23 782 2 78.2 78.

Abstract In the face of growing restrictions against Huawei in much of ‘the West’ because of the US’ efforts to portray its 5G roll out as a security threat, most of the developing world has resisted such efforts. By drawing on Balzacq’s analytical framework - centred on the degree of congruence between the audience, the securitizing agent’s ability to construct a convincing frame of reference, the role of contextual factors, and securitization counterclaims - it is argued that 5G securitization failed in Brazil and South Africa (2019-2022). Although the contextual factors in both cases were similar (economic interests with China, Huawei’s established role and access to Covid vaccines), in South Africa, narratives of development and cost/benefit considerations overshadowed perceptions of security risk. In Brazil in contrast, some factions within the Bolsonaro government agreed to the US’ securitization frame, whilst others, citing the risk of damaging relations with Beijing and the sheer costs of replacing Huawei infrastructure, disagreed. In both cases, the contextual factors diminished Huawei as a source of risk, especially in the Brazilian case, tipping the scale in support of those seeking to maintain good relations with Beijing. West US G threat Balzacqs Balzacq s audience agents agent reference 20192022. 20192022 2019 2022 . (2019-2022) economic China Huaweis vaccines, vaccines , vaccines) costbenefit cost benefit contrast others infrastructure disagreed case 2019202 201 202 (2019-2022 201920 20 (2019-202 20192 2 (2019-20 (2019-2 (2019- (2019 (201 (20 (2 (

Jeremiah 29:5-7 is well known for exhorting the exiles to settle down and pray for the welfare of Babylon. The idea of settling down conflicts with the prophecy of returning home in the book of Jeremiah, and it sounds odd to encourage prayer for the enemy. Typical solutions focus on the strategy of survival. However, these solutions are not convincing enough because the language used in Jeremiah 29:5-7 indicates that the exhortation involves not survival but restoration. Given the background of national trauma behind the book of Jeremiah, this article proposes rereading Jeremiah 29:5-7 from the perspective of post-traumatic growth (PTG). Accordingly, the exhortation to settle down reflects the domain of appreciation of life in PTG, and the exhortation to pray for Babylon indicates the belief in a Just world for self (BJW-self), which is closely related to PTG and entails forgiving others.

One of the most recent Star Trek series, Star Trek: Discovery (2017-present) (DSC), seems self-aware regarding the contradictions inherent in what Star Trek claims to be and what it actually is. In an attempt to realise Gene Roddenberry's vision, DSC includes a far more diverse cast than any Star Trek series before it. As Judith Rauscher (2020:256) suggests, DSC's 'highly diverse cast' combined with its extended Mirror Universe plot 'complicates the representation of female characters of color'. At the same historical moment, a new wave of feminism-the fourth wave-that claims to be acutely aware of diversity, inclusivity, and intersectionality is entering the mainstream. While both Rosalind Gill (2016, 2017) and Nicola Rivers (2017) make convincing cases that we still live within a postfeminist "sensibility", one cannot deny that recently, audiences and producers of popular cultural texts seem to have become aware of the overarching white, heterosexual narrative of postfeminism, and radical changes in terms of representation are taking place. In this paper, I explore how the slippage between postfeminism and fourth wave feminism manifests itself in contemporary representations of women in sci-fi-specifically women of colour in Star Trek. One character from DSC-the Terran Emperor, Phillipa Georgiou - exemplifies the tensions between postfeminist and fourth wave empowerment in terms of her representation and character arc over three seasons.

Resumen: En esta conversación con Humberto Beck, profesor de El Colegio de México, la filósofa política Cristina Lafont, autora de Democracia sin atajos: una concepción participativa de la democracia deliberativa (España, Trotta, 2021), hace una defensa de la democracia como una forma de autogobierno que se materializa cuando todos los ciudadanos tienen posibilidades de formarse una opinión informada sobre cuestiones colectivas fundamentales, influir en las decisiones políticas que afectan sus vidas y disputar aquellas decisiones que transgredan sus derechos, aun cuando éstas puedan gozar del respaldo de la mayoría. Discípula de Jürgen Habermas y profesora del departamento de filosofía de la Universidad de Northwestern, Lafont examina las debilidades de propuestas políticas, tanto populistas como tecnocráticas, que se presentan como “atajos” a la democracia. En contraposición, adelanta una visión fundada en el ejercicio participativo de la democracia deliberativa. En esta concepción, la legitimidad democrática no surge espontáneamente de la aritmética de los votos ni de la toma de decisiones correctas por una minoría informada, sino del debate en una esfera pública en la que los ciudadanos, en pleno uso de sus libertades, exponen sus posturas, tratan de persuadirse mutuamente y asumen la obligación de justificar frente a sus conciudadanos aquellas decisiones que los obligarán por igual. Sin ignorar los problemas de las democracias contemporáneas, Lafont reivindica instituciones como las elecciones, los partidos políticos y la revisión judicial de las decisiones tomadas por poderes mayoritarios, al tiempo que discute las fallas de nuevas propuestas, aparentemente democráticas, que invocan la deliberación entre la ciudadanía, pero restringen su participación masiva. En última instancia, concluye, todos estos atajos son espejismos. Para preservar la democracia y mejorar la vida en común, no existe sustituto a la ardua labor política de convencer y razonar entre iguales.

Résumé : Dans cette conversation avec Humberto Beck, professeur à El Colegio de México, la philosophe politique Cristina Lafont, auteur de Démocratie sans raccourcis: une conception participative de la démocratie délibérative (Espagne, Trotta, 2021), défend la Démocratie comme une forme d’auto-gouvernement qui se matérialise lorsque tous les citoyens sont en mesure de se forger une opinion éclairée sur des questions collectives fondamentales, d’influencer les décisions politiques qui affectent leur vie et de contester les décisions qui violent leurs droits, même lorsqu’elles peuvent être soutenues par la majorité. Disciple de Jürgen Habermas et professeure au Département de Philosophie de la Northwestern University, Lafont examine les faiblesses des projets politiques, aussi bien les populistes que les technocratiques, présentés comme des « raccourcis » vers la démocratie. En revanche, elle propose une vision fondée sur l’exercice participatif de la démocratie délibérative. Dans cette conception, la légitimité démocratique ne découle pas spontanément de l’arithmétique des votes ni de la prise de décisions correctes par une minorité informée, mais du débat dans une sphère publique où les citoyens, en plein usage de leurs libertés, exposent leurs positions, tentent de se convaincre les uns les autres et assument l’obligation de justifier devant leurs concitoyens les décisions qui les lieront conjointement. Sans ignorer les problèmes des démocraties contemporaines, Lafont défend des institutions telles que les élections, les partis politiques et le contrôle judiciaire des décisions prises à la majorité, tout en discutant des échecs de nouvelles formules, apparemment démocratiques, qui invoquent la délibération entre les citoyens, mais restreignent leur participation. En fin de compte, conclut-elle, tous ces raccourcis sont des mirages. Pour préserver la démocratie et améliorer la vie en commun, rien ne remplace le dur travail politique de convaincre et de penser entre égaux.

Abstract: In this conversation with Humberto Beck, professor at El Colegio de México, political philosopher Cristina Lafont, author of Democracy without Shortcuts: A Participatory Conception of Deliberative Democracy (Spain, Trotta, 2021), defends democracy as a form of self-government that materializes when all citizens have the possibility to form an informed opinion on fundamental collective issues, influence political decisions that affect their lives, and challenge those that violate their rights, even when they may enjoy majority support. A disciple of Jürgen Habermas and a professor in the Philosophy Department at Northwestern University, Lafont examines the weaknesses of political proposals, both populist and technocratic, that present themselves as “shortcuts” to democracy. In contrast, she puts forward a vision based on the participatory exercise of deliberative democracy. In this conception, democratic legitimacy does not arise spontaneously from the arithmetic of votes or from an informed minority making the right decisions, but from debate in a public sphere where citizens, in full exercise of their freedoms, present their positions, try to persuade each other, and assume the obligation to justify to their fellow citizens those decisions that will equally bind them. Without ignoring the problems of contemporary democracies, Lafont vindicates the value of institutions like elections, political parties, and the judicial review of decisions made by majority powers, while also discussing the flaws of new, seemingly democratic proposals that invoke citizen deliberation but restrict their participation. Ultimately, she concludes, all these shortcuts are mirages. To preserve democracy and improve life in common, there is no substitute for the arduous political work of convincing and reasoning among equals.