ABSTRACT: Over time, the relationship between film and history has evolved to be mutually considered an indispensable tool in their respective disciplines. This essay focuses on exploring these connections and analyzing how contemporary northern Mexican cinema has employed historical tools and resources to understand and reflect upon the region's development. This environment possesses unique characteristics that have been addressed both explicitly in historical works and implicitly in films that contemplate memory and the passage of time. The foundation of this proposal is a directory of contemporary works of northern Mexican cinema. It has allowed for the examination of various perspectives in film proposals spanning from 2006 to 2022, with the historical approach being one of the highlighted aspects.

RESUMEN: Con el tiempo, las relaciones entre el cine y la historia han evolucionado, hasta considerarse mutuamente como herramienta indispensable en sus respectivas disciplinas. Este ensayo se centra en explorar estas relaciones, y en analizar cómo el cine norteño mexicano contemporáneo ha utilizado las herramientas y los recursos históricos para comprender y reflexionar sobre el desarrollo de la región. Este entorno posee características únicas que se han abordado tanto de manera explícita en obras de corte histórico como de forma implícita en películas que reflexionan sobre la memoria y el paso del tiempo. La base de esta propuesta es un directorio cinematográfico de obras contemporáneas del cine norteño mexicano. Todo ello nos ha permitido observar diversas perspectivas en propuestas que van del año 2006 hasta el 2022, y el enfoque histórico es uno de los aspectos destacados.

Resumen En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis interpretativo del significado de “democracia” desde su conceptualización por lo antiguos griegos y en la época de la Roma republicana, hasta llegar a como se percibe la democracia en la actualidad. El objetivo planteado fue analizar diferentes perspectivas sobre el concepto de democracia, desde su relación con los derechos humanos hasta su aplicación en la sociedad actual. La metodología empleada se basó en un análisis interpretativo de fuentes históricas y contemporáneas sobre democracia y derechos humanos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de la democracia en el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, la participación ciudadana y la gobernanza democrática. Se destaca la complejidad y riqueza del concepto de democracia en diferentes contextos históricos y culturales. En la actualidad este término se relaciona con los Derechos Humanos; no presenta aspecto individual, varía desde la óptica de cada nación; Finalmente, resulta indispensable garantizar los derechos fundamentales con la finalidad de llegar al funcionamiento idóneo del Estado.

Abstract In this article, an interpretive analysis of the meaning of “democracy” is carried out from its conceptualization by the ancient Greeks and in the era of Republican Rome, until reaching how democracy is perceived today. The objective was to analyze different perspectives on the concept of democracy, from its relationship with human rights to its application in today's society. The methodology used was based on an interpretive analysis of historical and contemporary sources on democracy and human rights. The results highlight the importance of democracy in respecting fundamental rights, citizen participation and democratic governance. The complexity and richness of the concept of democracy in different historical and cultural contexts is highlighted. Currently this term is related to Human Rights; It does not present an individual aspect, it varies from the perspective of each nation; Finally, it is essential to guarantee fundamental rights in order to achieve the ideal functioning of the State.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las setas, son organismos eucariotas con una estructura simple de hifas, desarrollándose en diversas condiciones gracias a sus bajos requerimientos nutricionales. Desempeñan roles cruciales en los ecosistemas, como la descomposición de materia orgánica y simbiosis con plantas. Existen alrededor de 2.1679 especies de macrohongos descritas globalmente, y en Ecuador se estima unas 144 783 especies. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la historia de los hongos comestibles con un énfasis especial en Ecuador evaluando la situación actual. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de literatura en bases de datos académicas sobre el uso de macrohongos desde 2004 hasta 2024. Se seleccionaron estudios relevantes tras evaluar títulos y resúmenes. Resultados: Los hongos han existido por millones de años, con registros fósiles del Devónico y Cretácico. Su consumo humano data del Paleolítico Superior, evidenciado en cálculos dentales de la “Dama Roja” en España. La aculturación tras la conquista española limitó el uso de hongos, aunque su uso persiste en comunidades indígenas contemporáneas. La micología ecuatoriana aún es un campo emergente, con estudios limitados sobre especies usadas por comunidades indígenas. Especies encontradas en Ecuador han sido estudiadas extensamente en Asia, donde se reconocen por sus propiedades medicinales y aplicaciones industriales. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican que los hongos identificados y recolectados en comunidades indígenas ecuatorianas podrían tener aplicaciones significativas en varios campos por lo que su preservación e identificación no son solo importantes por ser parte del patrimonio de las comunidades indígenas sino también para el desarrollo nuevas aplicaciones científicas y comerciales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms with a simple structure of hyphae, capable to live in different conditions due to their low nutritional requirements. They play crucial roles in ecosystems, such as decomposing organic matter and symbiosis with plants. Globally, there are around 21 679 described species of macrofungi, and in Ecuador, the estimated presence is around 144 783 species. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted on academic databases regarding the use of macrofungi from 2004 to 2024. Relevant studies were selected after evaluating titles and abstracts. Results: Mushrooms have existed for millions of years, with fossil records dating back to the Devonian and Cretaceous periods. Human consumption dates back to the Upper Paleolithic, evidenced by dental calculus from the “Red Lady” in Spain. The Colonial period limited mushroom use, although practices persist in contemporary indigenous communities. Modern Ecuadorian mycology is still an emerging field, with limited studies on species used by indigenous communities. Many species found in Ecuador have been extensively studied in Asia, where they are recognized for their medicinal properties and industrial applications. Conclusions: These findings indicate that mushrooms identified and collected in indigenous communities in Ecuador could have significant applications in various fields. Therefore, their preservation and identification are not only important for being part of the heritage of indigenous communities but also for the development of new scientific and commercial applications.

Resumen: El texto destaca la creciente necesidad global de integrar el urbanismo ecológico y sostenible con las demandas contemporáneas de circulación y transporte. Se resalta la importancia de la formación universitaria basada en investigaciones serias para arquitectos y urbanistas, promoviendo la colaboración entre todos los actores de la sociedad. La concentración urbana en aumento plantea desafíos en movilidad, sostenibilidad y comercio, siendo esencial abordar estos problemas en la educación y práctica profesional. La tendencia "puerta a puerta" en una sociedad consumista enfatiza la necesidad de reconciliar la movilidad con diseños sostenibles. El editorial de ESTOA reflexiona sobre estos aspectos, abogando por foros académicos que discutan proyectos sostenibles, adaptados a las necesidades del usuario. El número presenta artículos teóricos y prácticos que exploran la arquitectura desde diversos enfoques, desde estudios sobre patrimonio hasta evaluaciones de políticas públicas post-COVID-19. Se destaca la importancia de la formación y docencia en el desarrollo de sinergias en el eco-urbanismo, subrayando la necesidad de innovación en la educación arquitectónica y urbanística.

Abstract: The text emphasizes the growing global need to integrate ecological and sustainable urban planning with contemporary demands for circulation and transportation. The importance of university education based on serious research for architects and urban planners is highlighted, promoting collaboration among all societal stakeholders. The increasing urban concentration poses challenges in mobility, sustainability, and commerce, making it essential to address these issues in education and professional practice. The "door-to-door" trend in consumer-oriented societies underscores the need to reconcile mobility with sustainable designs. ESTOA's editorial reflects on these aspects, advocating for academic forums discussing sustainable projects tailored to user needs. The issue features theoretical and practical articles exploring architecture from various angles, ranging from heritage studies to evaluations of post-COVID-19 public policies. The text underscores the importance of education and teaching in developing synergies in eco-urbanism, emphasizing the need for innovation in architectural and urban education.

Abstract This paper presents a description of the development of chemistry in Coahuila with emphasis on the academic field, linking scientific-technical education with the economic-industrial development of Coahuila. The study focuses on the Ateneo Fuente, a high-school founded in 1867 in Saltillo, where chemistry was taught in the baccalaureate and the Pharmacy courses. In the 1940s, the industrialization of Coahuila and the Northeast of Mexico led to the opening of a School of Chemical Sciences dependent on the Ateneo Fuente. Throughout the work, the study plans of the baccalaureate and of the careers taught at the School of Chemical Sciences are analyzed and compared. A brief review of the teaching of chemistry in other contemporary schools of the Ateneo Fuente is also made. Finally, an outline was depicted about the influence that this school of Chemical Sciences had on the industrial activity of Coahuila.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta una descripción del desarrollo de la química en Coahuila, enfatizando el ámbito académico y vinculando la enseñanza científico-técnica con el crecimiento económico-industrial de Coahuila. El estudio se centra en el Ateneo Fuente, una escuela de educación secundaria y superior fundada en 1867 en Saltillo, donde la química se enseñó en el bachillerato y la carrera de Farmacia. En la década de 1940, la industrialización de Coahuila y del noreste mexicano motivaron la apertura de una Escuela de Ciencias Químicas dependiente del Ateneo Fuente. A lo largo del trabajo se analizan y comparan los planes de estudio del bachillerato y de las carreras impartidas en la Escuela de Ciencias Químicas. También se hace una breve reseña de la enseñanza de la química en otras instituciones contemporáneas del Ateneo Fuente y se esboza la influencia que tuvo esta escuela de Ciencias Químicas sobre la actividad industrial de Coahuila.

Abstract In recent years, the South Korean philosopher living in Germany, Byung-Chul Han, has been setting new paths for philosophical reflection using the theoretical potential that arises from the understanding of the new social, political and economic realities that mark this era of neoliberal evolution and of technological development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, topics such as the transformation of biopolitics into psycho-politics become a very relevant point for the analysis of current societies and their drifts. With this background of thought, this article aims to delve into Han’s arguments, exploring the crucial role that emotions play in societies of performance, fatigue and lack of democracy, resorting to the metaphor of the “hamster wheel” as an image evocative of the dynamics of current societies. In this way, an innovative perspective of the complexity of the 21st Century is presented by delving into certain nuances of Han’s thought in connection with the palpable reality of the emotions that act as the fuel that propels each individual in their own “existential wheel”. This articulation with emotional experiences contributes significantly to contemporary discussions about human nature in contexts of technological innovation.

Resumen En los últimos años, el filósofo surcoreano radicado en Alemania, Byung-Chul Han, viene marcando nuevos derroteros para la reflexión filosófica usando el potencial teórico que surge de la comprensión de las nuevas realidades sociales, políticas y económicas, que marcan esta época de evolución neoliberal y de desarrollo tecnológico, en el contexto de la cuarta Revolución Industrial. Así, temas como la transformación de la biopolítica en psicopolítica se convierten en un punto muy relevante para el análisis de las sociedades actuales y sus derivas. Con este trasfondo de pensamiento, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo sumergirse en las argumentaciones de Han, explorando el papel crucial que desempeñan las emociones en las sociedades del rendimiento, del cansancio y de la infocracia, acudiendo a la metáfora de la “rueda del hámster” como imagen evocadora de las dinámicas de las sociedades actuales. De esta forma, se presenta una perspectiva innovadora de la complejidad del siglo XXI, al adentrarnos en determinados matices del pensamiento de Han, en conexión con la realidad palpable de las emociones, que actúan como el combustible que impulsa a cada individuo en su propia “rueda existencial”. Esta articulación con las experiencias emocionales contribuye de manera significativa a las discusiones contemporáneas acerca de la naturaleza humana en contextos de innovación tecnológica.

Abstract Amidst the crisis of ideologies and traditional conceptions about the state, liberal communitarianism develops an original political approach. Its central proposition is that a good society requires a balance between State, community, and market, rejecting both the minimal state and state-centrism. The present text seeks to answer the question: what elements are central to liberal communitarian theory in approaching the role of the State and its relations with the community and the market in contemporary societies? According to the exposition, the aspects that distinguish the communitarian formulation are: (i) the empirical analysis of the State has as its ethical-political reference the concept of the good society; (ii) democracy requires a responsive State, sensitive to the voice of communities; (iii) conversely to the politics of neutrality, the State is committed to a limited set of core values; (iv) the State fulfills fundamental functions, but, either strong or weak, its functions are always limited; (v) the fulfillment of collective needs and the common good requires a balance between State, community and market; (vi) to ensure peace in international relations requires the perspective of basic security, with the global political community as a horizon. The communitarian theory, which presents itself politically as a third way, brings relevant contributions to understanding current State dilemmas and examining future perspectives. The research technique is bibliographic. approach statecentrism. statecentrism centrism. centrism state-centrism question societies exposition i (i ethicalpolitical ethical ii (ii communities iii (iii neutrality values iv (iv but weak v (v vi (vi security horizon way perspectives bibliographic

Resumo Em meio à crise das ideologias e concepções tradicionais sobre o Estado, o comunitarismo liberal desenvolve uma abordagem política original. Sua proposta central é que uma boa sociedade requer um equilíbrio entre Estado, comunidade e mercado, rejeitando tanto o Estado mínimo quanto o estado-centrismo. No trabalho do sociólogo Amitai Etzioni, encontra-se a formulação política mais sistemática do pensamento comunitário. O presente texto busca responder a questão: que elementos são centrais na teoria comunitarista liberal na abordagem do papel do Estado e suas relações com a comunidade e o mercado nas sociedades contemporâneas? Segundo se expõe, os aspectos que distinguem a formulação comunitarista são: (i) a análise empírica do Estado tem como referência ético-política o conceito de boa sociedade; (ii) a democracia requer um Estado responsivo, sensível à voz das comunidades; (iii) ao contrário da política de neutralidade, o Estado está comprometido com um conjunto limitado de valores nucleares; (iv) o Estado cumpre funções fundamentais, mas, seja forte ou fraco, suas funções são sempre limitadas; (v) a satisfação das necessidades coletivas e do bem comum requer um equilíbrio entre Estado, comunidade e mercado; (vi) garantir a paz nas relações internacionais demanda a perspectiva da segurança básica, tendo a comunidade política global como horizonte. A teoria comunitarista, que se apresenta politicamente como uma terceira via, traz contribuições relevantes para compreender os dilemas atuais do Estado e examinar as perspectivas futuras. A técnica de pesquisa é bibliográfica. original estadocentrismo. estadocentrismo estado centrismo. centrismo estado-centrismo Etzioni encontrase encontra comunitário questão contemporâneas expõe i (i éticopolítica ético ii (ii responsivo comunidades iii (iii neutralidade nucleares iv (iv fundamentais mas fraco limitadas v (v vi (vi básica horizonte via futuras bibliográfica

Resumen Introducción: En el presente artículo de reflexión se plantea que, por sus características, el modelo de ciudadanía republicana es la mejor alternativa para promover la participación ciudadana en las democracias occidentales contemporáneas. Objetivo: El propósito del texto es analizar las ventajas de la ciudadanía republicana respecto a otros modelos, así como explicar las razones por las que se le considera el enfoque más adecuado para el desarrollo teórico y práctico de la participación ciudadana. Método: Para su elaboración, se recurrió al método de investigación documental. En cuanto a la estructura del artículo, primero, se presenta el debate entre las visiones de democracia representativa y democracia participativa; posteriormente, se examina la influencia de los paradigmas realista e idealista como corrientes filosóficas políticas que subyacen y sustentan las principales premisas de ambas perspectivas de democracia. Al final, se describen los modelos de ciudadanía liberal, comunitarista y republicana, así como sus implicaciones para la participación ciudadana. Resultados: Del análisis realizado se concluye que el modelo de ciudadanía republicana permite superar la dicotomía representación-participación, además de brindar un cimiento más sólido y congruente tanto a la teoría como a la praxis del involucramiento ciudadano en los asuntos públicos. Introducción características contemporáneas Objetivo Método elaboración documental primero participativa posteriormente final liberal Resultados representaciónparticipación, representaciónparticipación representación participación, representación-participación públicos

Abstract Introduction: This article argues that, due to its characteristics, the republican citizenship model is the best alternative for promoting citizen participation in contemporary Western democracies. Objective: The purpose of the text is to analyze its advantages over other citizenship models, as well as to explain the reasons why it is considered the most appropriate approach for the theoretical and practical development of citizen participation. Method: For the elaboration of the article, the documentary research method and the argumentative analysis were used. First, the debate between the visions of representative democracy and participatory democracy is presented, to later examine the influence of the realist and idealist paradigms as political philosophical currents that underlie and sustain the main premises of each of these perspectives of democracy. Results: From the analysis, it is concluded that the republican citizenship model allows overcoming the representation-participation dichotomy, in addition to providing a more solid and congruent foundation for both the theory and the praxis of citizen involvement in public affairs. Introduction characteristics democracies Objective models Method used First presented Results representationparticipation representation dichotomy affairs

Resumen Las fuentes audiovisuales contemporáneas nos ofrecen una oportunidad única para conocer el papel clave de la televisión en la difusión y transmisión de eventos históricos como la Revolución de los Claveles de 1974, en Portugal. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar cómo desde TVE (Televisión Española) se contó a los españoles este levantamiento popular para analizar la evolución del discurso del ente público y de la sociedad española desde el fin de la dictadura española hasta la victoria del PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) en 1982.

Abstract Contemporary audio-visual sources offer us a unique opportunity to learn about the key role of television in the transmission of historical events such as the Portuguese Carnation Revolution of 1974. The objective of this article is to explain how TVE (Spanish Television) told the Spaniards about this popular uprising in order to analyse the evolution of the discourse of the public entity and Spanish society from the end of the dictatorship to the victory of the PSOE (Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party) in 1982.

Resumo As fontes audiovisuais contemporâneas oferecem-nos uma oportunidade única de conhecer o papel fundamental da televisão na difusão e transmissão de acontecimentos históricos como a Revolução dos Cravos de 1974, em Portugal. O objetivo deste artigo é explicar como a TVE (Televisão Espanhola) informou os espanhóis sobre esta revolta popular, a fim de analisar a evolução do discurso do canal público e da sociedade espanhola desde o final da ditadura espanhola até à vitória do PSOE (Partido Socialista Operário Espanhol) em 1982.

Abstract: For the last three or four decades, metropolitan areas of the contemporary global North and global South such as Buenos Aires, have experienced profound changes in their social and economic structure. The central areas of large cities were one of the most affected sectors in terms of their material and symbolic reorganization. Primarily, this composition proposes to analyze the mutations that have arisen in the central area of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA), paying particular attention to sociodemographic changes. The analysis of the available quantitative information suggests that while the CABA as a whole slightly increased its population in the last three decades (1990-2020), on the other hand, the urban fabric of the center lost residents. A second objective is to identify theoretical guidelines capable of explaining and analyzing this contradictory process. The proposal is to articulate theorizations and categories produced in contemporary social sciences and simultaneously identify structural and functional aspects in culture and lifestyle and the role played by systemic rationality (public, but mainly private) in the modernization of socio-urban areas, activities and practices. The unfinished conclusions seek to both problematize (and rethink) the object-category “urban center” and propose possible (future) lines of research around the delimited object-problem.

Resumen: Desde hace tres o cuatro décadas que, las metrópolis del Norte y Sur global contemporáneo, como Buenos Aires, experimentan profundos cambios en su estructura social y económica. Una de las áreas frecuente y mayormente afectada por la reorganización material y simbólica de las grandes ciudades es el llamado “centro”. La presente exposición propone, en primer lugar, analizar las mutaciones suscitadas en el área central de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), prestando especial atención a los cambios sociodemográficos. Se sugiere en este punto, a través del análisis de la información cuantitativa disponible que, al tiempo que la CABA en su conjunto aumentó ligeramente su población en las últimas tres décadas (1990-2020), el tejido urbano del centro perdió, en contrapartida, residentes. Un segundo objetivo radica en la identificación de lineamientos teóricos capaces de explicar y analizar el proceso contradictorio en cuestión. Se propone para tal fin articular teorizaciones y categorías producidas en las ciencias sociales contemporáneas para identificar, simultáneamente, en los factores estructurales y funcionales; en la cultura y los modos de vida; y en el papel desempeñado por la racionalidad sistémica (pública, pero principalmente privada), la modernización de las áreas, actividades y prácticas sociourbanas. Las conclusiones inconclusas, procuran tanto problematizar (y repensar) la categoría-objeto “centro urbano”, como proponer posibles (futuras) líneas de investigación en torno al objeto-problema delimitado.

Abstract In the framework of a greater investigation about the duration in art, cinema and literature in Colombia, in this work we study a corpus made up of the video installation El caballero de la fe, by José Alejandro Restrepo (2011), and the filmic essays Pirotecnia (2019), by Federico Atehortúa, and Bicentenario, by Pablo Álvarez (2020). The hypothesis that we develop affirms that these contemporary Colombian audiovisual works, through a use of the available technical resources placed on the materiality of the visual, transform, rewrite, subvert and rebel the sense of the images. These are works that, on the one hand, dislocate the registered time of the images by intervening in their times, in the gradations of their intensity and in the movements of their elements, and in turn relocate them in the projected time as part of the uprising process of the picture.

Resumen En el marco de una investigación mayor acerca de la duración en el arte, el cine y la literatura en Colombia, en este trabajo realizamos un estudio de caso de un corpus conformado por la videoinstalación El caballero de la fe, de José Alejandro Restrepo (2011), y los ensayos fílmicos Pirotecnia (2019), de Federico Atehortúa, y Bicentenario, de Pablo Álvarez (2020). La hipótesis que desarrollamos afirma que estas piezas audiovisuales colombianas contemporáneas, mediante un uso de los recursos técnicos disponibles puestos sobre la materialidad de lo visual, transforman, reescriben, subvierten y sublevan el sentido de las imágenes. Son obras que, por un lado, dislocan el tiempo registrado de las imágenes al intervenir en sus tiempos, en las gradaciones de su intensidad y en los movimientos de sus elementos y, a su vez, los recolocan en el tiempo proyectado como parte del proceso de sublevación de la imagen.

Abstract Climate change (CC) is the greatest evidence of the "metamorphosis of the world" and is changing the temperature and rainfall patterns, but also the social, cultural and health systems on planet Earth. The unpredictability of climactic phenomena and their multidimensional impacts on human and environmental health contribute to making our understanding of the world increasingly difficult. Moreover, history has proven that technoscience alone is not enough to deal with these problems. A global appeal is now emerging for the humanities and social sciences to also deal with the human and non-human issues raised by CC, notably through their integration with the areas of health and sustainability. The aim of this article is to present and discuss some of the first results of the Composing Worlds: Humanities, Well-Being and Health transdisciplinary network, which consists of a network of experts in the humanities, social sciences and health who think about issues of well-being and health in contemporary technological societies. The methodology used in the first phase of the project consisted of an interview with open questions, made by the network of 12 researchers. This was an exploratory study that used thematic analysis to identify the original key ideas of each author and corresponding main themes. The themes were then organised into semantic groups or thematic clusters. It is hoped that some of these clusters will contribute to discussing how CC has already altered our ways of being, living and thinking about the world, and will also contribute to dealing with the challenges related to the risks of CC on health and well-being throughout the 21st century.

Resumo As alterações climáticas (AC) são a maior evidência da “metamorfose do mundo” e estão a mudar os regimes de temperatura e de pluviosidade, mas também os sistemas sociais, culturais e de saúde no planeta Terra. A imprevisibilidade dos fenómenos climáticos e os seus impactes multidimensionais na saúde humana e ambiental contribuem para tornar a nossa compreensão do mundo cada vez mais difícil. Além disso, a história provou que a tecnociência, sozinha, não é suficiente para lidar com estes problemas. Um apelo global está agora a despertar para que as humanidades e as ciências sociais também lidem com as questões humanas e não humanas levantadas pelas AC, nomeadamente através da sua integração com as áreas da saúde e da sustentabilidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir alguns dos primeiros resultados da rede transdisciplinar Compor Mundos: Humanidades, Bem-Estar e Saúde, que consiste numa rede de especialistas em humanidades, ciências sociais e da saúde que pensam sobre as questões do bem-estar e da saúde nas sociedades tecnológicas contemporâneas. A metodologia usada na primeira fase do projeto consistiu numa entrevista com perguntas abertas, construída de forma participativa pela rede de 12 investigadores. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que utilizou a análise temática para identificar as ideias-chave originais de cada autor e a indução dos temas principais correspondentes. Os temas foram então organizados em grupos de correspondência semântica, ou clusters temáticos. Espera-se que alguns destes clusters contribuam para discutir como as AC já alteraram as nossas maneiras de ser, viver e pensar sobre o mundo, e contribuam também para lidar com os desafios relacionados com os riscos das AC na saúde e no bem-estar ao longo do século XXI.

Resumen En este artículo se busca volver sobre el texto clásico de Gresham Sykes La Sociedad de los Cautivos de 1958 a los fines de identificar algunos de sus conceptos y argumentos fundamentales, pero a partir del ejercicio de ubicarlo en el contexto más amplio en el que se inscribió y en el marco de los objetivos y perspectivas de su autor en conexión con los conflictos políticos y los dilemas de su tiempo. Este ejercicio se considera interesante para poder problematizar los posibles usos de Sykes fuera de su contexto, a la hora de pensar diversas cuestiones cruciales de la prisión, el poder y el orden en las sociedades contemporáneas.

Abstract This article seeks to revisit Gresham Sykes' classic text The Captives' Society of 1958 in order to identify some of its fundamental concepts and arguments, but from the exercise of placing it in the broader context in which it was inscribed and in the framework of its author's aims and perspectives in connection with the political conflicts and dilemmas of his time. This exercise is considered interesting in order to problematise the possible uses of Sykes outside his context, when thinking about various crucial questions of prison, power and order in contemporary societies.

ABSTRACT In dialogue with some critical perspectives from the human sciences – notably, economic theory, social history, political science, and sociology of culture – this work aligns with a review of old dichotomies and dualisms, incapable of keeping up with contemporary intercultural relations. Taking countries such as Brazil and China as main references, it points to other possibilities for examining what is conventionally called “unequal and combined” in current cultural landscapes, amid planetary socio-environmental crises. notably theory history science dualisms relations references unequal combined landscapes socioenvironmental socio environmental crises

RESUMO Em diálogo com algumas perspectivas críticas das ciências humanas – notadamente, teoria econômica, história social, ciência política e sociologia da cultura – esse trabalho se alinha com uma revisão de antigas dicotomias e dualismos, incapazes de acompanhar as relações interculturais contemporâneas. Tendo como referências principais países como Brasil e China, aponta para outras possibilidades de exame do que se convencionou denominar “desigual e combinado” nas paisagens culturais atuais, em meio a crises socioambientais planetárias. notadamente econômica social dualismos contemporâneas China desigual combinado atuais planetárias

Abstract Contemporary transformations linked to technology, the world of work, unemployment, and the effects of the pandemic in Brazil have been altering territorial dynamics. However, such factors only added to the perverse stability of socio-spatial inequalities in Brazilian cities, particularly in São Paulo. By revealing the current social segregation in a city linked to the flows of global capitalism, the difficulties faced by many in the job and housing market bring scenarios of congestion and difficulties in accessing workplaces and the built environment. In addition to revealing the daily struggle of the majority due to inequality in opportunity and commuting, they indicate the important role of urban mobility, which may come to have a leading role as a public policy. technology work unemployment dynamics However sociospatial socio spatial cities Paulo capitalism environment commuting mobility policy

Resumo As transformações contemporâneas ligadas à tecnologia, ao mundo do trabalho, ao desemprego, e aos efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil alteraram as dinâmicas territoriais. Entretanto, tais fatores apenas se acrescentaram à perversa estabilidade das desigualdades socioespaciais nas cidades brasileiras, em particular em São Paulo. As dificuldades de muitas pessoas de inserção no mercado de trabalho e de moradia, ao revelarem a segregação social vigente em uma cidade ligada aos fluxos do capitalismo global, trazem cenários de congestionamento e de dificuldades de acesso aos locais de trabalho e ao ambiente construído. Além de revelar a luta cotidiana majoritária devido à iniquidade das oportunidades e dos deslocamentos, indicam o importante papel da mobilidade urbana que pode vir a assumir protagonismo enquanto política pública. tecnologia desemprego covid19 covid 19 covid-1 territoriais Entretanto brasileiras Paulo moradia global construído deslocamentos pública covid1 1 covid-