ABSTRACT Due to the smaller size of berries plants and some vegetables, their production in containers has grown worldwide. To understand the effect of increasing doses of ammoniacal N, we evaluated production, firmness and size of fruits and concentration of macronutrients in leaves of four blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars (Duke, Legacy, Cargo, and Suziblue) in south central Chile. All were grown in pots with substrate during their third growing season. The results showed an interaction of ammoniacal N dose with blueberry cultivar in most of the parameters evaluated, except for firmness and size of fruits. The increasing dose of ammoniacal N allowed higher production per plant in only two of the four cultivars without effects on the quality attributes firmness and size of fruits. Differences in production per plant and fruit firmness were obtained between cultivars, with production values per plant between 86-210, 142-219, 195-203, and 504-979 g in ʻDukeʼ, ʻLegacyʼ, ʻCargoʼ, and ʻSuziblueʼ, respectively, and greater fruit firmness in ʻSuziblueʼ. The concentrations of macronutrients in leaves showed interactions between cultivar and doses of ammoniacal N, which did not allow obtaining a single dose of ammoniacal N that generate nutritional concentration values in leaves associated with greater fruit production in the four blueberry cultivars.

Abstract: The Port of Veracruz, Mexico was artificially built at the beginning of the 21st century, dredging the sea floor and removing reefs to allow the entry of large ships, which led to a growth in the traffic of goods and people through it, making it the largest commercial port in all of Mexico. In 1992 the Government of Mexico decreed the area of coastal reefs near the Port of Veracruz as a protected natural area with the name of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PSNSAV). In 2013, with the demand of international trade, the decision was made to expand the port, generating job growth in the area and an increase in the flow of containers and automobiles, also have a greater capacity to transport cereals, minerals and fuels. In contrast to the disagreements of the society due to the loss of protected space, the Parks polygon had to be modified. This work try to demonstrated that the construction of the port expansion began previous the presentation to the environmental authorities of the Environmental Impact Statement and the change in the protected limits with the disappearance of the Punta Gorda reefs and the dredging of Vergara Bay for the arrival of deep draft vessels. Through a systematic mapping of the scientific literature combined with satellite mapping and visual interpretation of images, and documentary analysis, we determined the damage to the reef system, which has protected species according to Mexican national regulations.

Resumen: El Puerto de Veracruz, México fue construido de manera artificial a principios del siglo XXI, dragando el suelo marino y removiendo arrecifes para permitir la entrada de buques de gran tamaño, lo que conllevó a un crecimiento en el tráfico de mercancías y personas a través de él y convirtiéndolo en el mayor puerto comercial de todo México. En 1992 el Gobierno de México decretó en la zona de arrecifes litorales cercanos al Puerto de Veracruz como un área natural protegida con el nombre de Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PSNSAV). En 2013, con la demanda del comercio internacional, se tomó la decisión de ampliar el puerto, generando un incremento de empleo en la zona y un aumento del flujo de contenedores y automóviles, además de tener una mayor capacidad para transportar cereales, minerales y combustibles. Frente a las disconformidades de la sociedad por la pérdida de espacio protegido, el polígono de Parques tuvo que ser modificado. Con este trabajo se demuestra que la construcción de la ampliación del puerto se inició previa autorización de las autoridades ambientales de la Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental y el cambio en los límites protegidos, lo dicho tuvo inicio con la desaparición de los arrecifes de Punta Gorda y el dragado de la Bahía de Vergara para el arribo de buques de gran calado. A través de un mapeo sistemático de la literatura científica combinado con mapeo satelital e interpretación visual de imágenes, así como el análisis documental, se determinó el daño al sistema de arrecife, el cual cuenta con especies protegidas de acuerdo a la normatividad nacional mexicana.

Abstract Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a fossil fuel widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications. LPG systems must be designed and sized under minimum safety standards, which are established in national and international regulations. An LPG system is composed of fuel storage containers, pipelines, valves, meters, consumption equipment, and protection and safety elements. These must be sized and selected to withstand the action of the fuel gas and the working conditions to which they will be subjected. This document presents a review of the most important points to consider in the design and sizing of an LPG system based on the most representative international regulations.

Resumen El gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) es un combustible de origen fósil ampliamente utilizado en aplicaciones residenciales, comerciales e industriales. Los sistemas de GLP deben diseñarse y dimensionarse bajo estándares mínimos de seguridad, los cuales son establecidos en normativas nacionales e internacionales. Un sistema de GLP está conformado por recipientes de almacenamiento del combustible, tuberías, válvulas, medidores, equipos de consumo y elementos de protección y seguridad. Estos deben ser dimensionados y seleccionados para soportar la acción del gas combustible y las condiciones de trabajo a las que serán sometidos. En este documento se presenta una revisión de los puntos más importantes a tener en cuenta en el diseño y dimensionamientos de un sistema de GLP a partir de las normativas más representativas a nivel internacional.

Abstract The development of living beings depends on the health and chemical quality of the available water. In recent years, the importance of the environment in the spread of resistant and multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics has been observed, a situation that has placed the problem of antibiotic resistance on a broader level and which is being studied from the perspective “One Health”. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics in irrigation water samples from the Chibunga river. Fourteen water samples of 100 mL each were collected in sterile containers and aseptically, were kept under refrigeration until analysis in the laboratory. Each sample was seeded by the surface seeding method on blood, cystine electrolyte deficient, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella and thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agars, incubating in all cases at a temperature of 37 °C for a maximum time of 48 hours. The identification of bacterial colonies was carried out through physiological and biochemical tests according to the identification schemes indicated by MacFaddin. The resistance/sensitivity to antibiotics of the identified colonies was carried out by the disk diffusion method of Kirby Bauer. Two species of multi-resistant bacteria were identified, including strains of Morganella morgani and Plesiomonas shigelloides resistant to antibiotics of clinical use such as ceftazidime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The results show that the waters of Chibunga river harbor bacteria with multi-resistance to antimicrobials, representing a contamination risk of agricultural products harvested in its vicinity, as well as for the people who use these waters.

Resumen El bienestar y desarrollo de los seres vivos depende de la calidad sanitaria y química del agua disponible. En los últimos años se ha venido observando la importancia del ambiente en la diseminación de bacterias resistentes y multirresistentes a los antibióticos, situación que ha colocado la problemática de la resistencia en un plano más amplio y que se está estudiando desde la perspectiva “One Health”. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de bacterias multirresistentes a los antibióticos en muestras de agua de riego provenientes del río Chibunga. Se recolectaron 14 muestras de agua de un volumen de 100 mL cada una, en envases estériles y de manera aséptica, las cuales fueron conservadas bajo refrigeración hasta su análisis en el laboratorio. Cada muestra fue sembrada por el método de siembra en superficie en los agares cistina electrolito deficiente, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar sangre, incubándose en todos los casos a una temperatura de 37 °C durante un tiempo máximo de 48 horas. La identificación de las colonias bacterianas se realizó mediante pruebas fisiológicas y bioquímicas de acuerdo con los esquemas de identificación indicados por MacFaddin. El perfil de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos de las colonias identificadas se realizó por el método de difusión en disco de Kirby Bauer. Se lograron identificar 2 especies de bacterias multirresistentes, entre ellas, cepas de Morganella morganii y Plesiomonas shigelloides resistentes a antibióticos de uso clínico como ceftazidima, aztreonam, ciprofloxacino, ácido nalidíxico y trimetroprim-sulfametoxazol. Los resultados muestran que las aguas del río Chibunga albergan bacterias con multirresistencia a los antimicrobianos, representando un riesgo de contaminación de los productos agrícolas cosechados en sus inmediaciones, así como para las personas que utilizan estas aguas.

Abstract Scaptotrigona mexicana honey is characterized by its nutritional and antioxidant properties, but it has a high moisture content that affects its stability during storage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties by UV-Visible spectroscopy, profile of phenolic compounds by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and fatty acids and volatile compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, minerals by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, from honey stored in different containers that, along with traditional methods, are commonly used to increase its stability. Most physicochemical and antioxidant properties were not significantly different from those of freshly harvested honey. The results suggest that the packaging with an exhaust check valve has a significant effect on the decrease in moisture content and water activity, but not on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties for at least 2 yr of storage. These results suggest that the type of container should be considered when storing honey as it significantly (P<0.05) affects its properties and quality.

Resumen La miel de Scaptotrigona mexicana se caracteriza por sus propiedades nutricionales y antioxidantes, pero tiene un alto contenido de humedad que afecta su estabilidad durante el almacenamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y antioxidantes mediante espectroscopía UV-Visible, perfil de compuestos fenólicos por cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas y ácidos grasos y compuestos volátiles mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas, minerales por espectroscopía de emisión atómica de plasma de microondas, a partir de miel almacenada en diferentes recipientes que, junto con los métodos tradicionales, se utilizan comúnmente para aumentar su estabilidad. La mayoría de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y antioxidantes no fueron significativamente diferentes de las de la miel recién cosechada. Los resultados sugieren que el envase con válvula de retención de escape tiene un efecto significativo en la disminución del contenido de humedad y la actividad del agua, pero no en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y antioxidantes durante al menos 2 años de almacenamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que el tipo de recipiente debe considerarse al momento de almacenar la miel, ya que afecta significativamente (P<0.05) sus propiedades y calidad.

Abstract Currently, on Eucalyptus plantations in Ecuador, the most important pest is Gonipterus sp., and chemical control is the most common practice, but its high cost and inefficiency have led the timber industry to seek alternatives such as biological control. The objective of this research was to understand aspects related to the biology and ecology of Podisus sp., a natural predator of Gonipterus sp. These species were collected in NOVOPAN plantations located in the Imbabura province and then transferred to the GDETERRA-ESPOCH laboratory. Podisus sp. was reared in 100-ml airtight containers at a temperature of 22 °C and a relative humidity of 43%. Initially, they were fed Gonipterus sp. Larvae, and alternatively, larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda. Results revealed a biological cycle from egg to adult of 40 - 45 days, adult longevity of 75 days, and egg production of 30 - 35 per female. Due to insufficient larvae of Gonipterus sp., larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda were used as an alternative food source. The study concludes that it is feasible to rear Podisus sp. under controlled conditions using larvae of both Gonipterus sp. and Spodoptera frugiperda, with the latter being more efficient due to its availability.

Resumen Actualmente en las plantaciones de Eucalyptus en Ecuador, la plaga más importante es Gonipterus sp., el control químico es la práctica más común, pero su alto costo e ineficacia ha llevado a la industria maderera a buscar alternativas, como el control biológico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer aspectos relacionados a la biología y ecología de Podisus sp., depredador natural de Gonipterus sp. La recolección de estas especies se realizó en las plantaciones de la empresa NOVOPAN, ubicada en la provincia de Imbabura, para luego ser trasladados al laboratorio GDETERRA-ESPOCH, donde Podisus sp. fue criado en frascos herméticos de 100 ml, a una temperatura de 22°C y una humedad relativa del 43%. Inicialmente se alimentó con larvas de Gonipterus sp. y como alternativa larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda. Los resultados revelaron un ciclo biológico de huevo a adulto de 40-45 días, longevidad adulta 75 días y una producción de huevos de 30-35 por hembra. Al no obtener suficientes larvas de esta especie, se optó por larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda como alimento. El estudio concluye que es factible criar Podisus sp. en condiciones controladas utilizando larvas de Gonipterus sp. y Spodoptera frugiperda, siendo esta última más eficiente debido a su disponibilidad.

ABSTRACT: Biodegradable packaging is a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging but still has insurmountable disadvantages. The effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) incorporation on the physical, mechanical, thermal and flame-retardant properties of rice husk-based biodegradable packaging was evaluated. HAp was obtained from poultry industry waste. The containers were obtained by thermo-pressing using 10%, 15% and 20% rice husk fibre (RHP) and incorporating 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% HAp. A 118.84% reduction in water absorption was observed in the trays with 5% HAp compared to the control. Mechanical properties were improved in the trays with 1% and 5% HAp (6.05 and 8.85 kg-f hardness and maximum tensile strength, respectively). The incineration time was 53.27 s in trays with 5% HAp; whereas, in the control trays, the average time was 35.16 s, and they also presented greater thermal stability. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of HAp in the formulation of biodegradable trays reduces their water absorption capacity and improves their thermal and flame-retardant properties.

RESUMEN: Los envases biodegradables son una alternativa sostenible a los envases convencionales de plástico, pero aún presentan desventajas insalvables. Se evaluó el efecto de la incorporación de hidroxiapatita (HAp) en las propiedades físicas, mecánicas, térmicas e ignífugas de los envases biodegradables a base de cáscara de arroz. La HAp se obtuvo a partir de residuos de la industria avícola. Los envases se obtuvieron por termo-prensado utilizando 10%, 15% y 20% de fibra de cascarilla de arroz (FCA) e incorporando 0%, 1%, 3% y 5% de HAp. Se observó una reducción del 118,84% en la absorción de agua en las bandejas con un 5% de HAp en comparación con el control. Las propiedades mecánicas mejoraron en las bandejas con 1% y 5% de HAp (6,05 y 8,85 kg-f de dureza y resistencia máxima a la tracción, respectivamente). El tiempo de incineración fue de 53,27 s en bandejas con 5% de HAp; mientras que, en las bandejas de control, el tiempo medio fue de 35,16 s, además presentaron mayor estabilidad térmica. Se demostró que la incorporación de HAp en la formulación de bandejas biodegradables reduce su capacidad de absorción de agua y mejora sus propiedades térmicas e ignífugas.

Abstract This work presents the first results obtained from developing an experimental program that aims to generate a local frame of reference for the fatty acid profiles of the main resources available in the lower basin of the Colorado river (Buenos Aires district). In this case, the purpose was to identify the fatty acid composition of fish resources and evaluate the main transformations they underwent during cooking. Replicas of archaeological vessels were made, marine fish of different species (sea catfish, whitemouth croaker, narrownose smooth-hound, conger eel, and whiting) were boiled, and the fatty acids of the raw and cooked meat, the cooking liquid, and those of the contents on the internal walls of the vessels were measured. The results obtained showed that fatty acids could be detected in all samples. However, if those identified in the raw meat of each species are compared with those detected after boiling, it is observed that the cooking event generated the loss and/or degradation of some fatty acids, mainly unsaturated ones. Fatty acids (e.g., stearic, palmitic, and oleic acid) present in most food resources (e.g., herbivores and vegetables) were preserved in the vessels. However, fatty acids detected in the vessels such as the polyunsaturated belonging to the C20 group of sea catfish and whitemouth croaker, the eicosenoic acid of sea catfish, and the monounsaturated of the C22 group identified for the conger eel could be considered diagnostic fatty acids of marine fish.

Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos del desarrollo de un programa experimental que tiene como objetivo generar un marco de referencia local de los perfiles de ácidos grasos de los principales recursos disponibles en el curso inferior del río Colorado (Pcia. de Buenos Aires). En este caso, el propósito fue conocer la composición de ácidos grasos de recursos ictícolas y evaluar las principales transformaciones que estos sufren durante la cocción. Para ello, se confeccionaron réplicas de vasijas arqueológicas, se hirvieron peces marinos de distintas especies (bagre de mar, corvina rubia, gatuzo, congrio y pescadilla) y se analizaron los ácidos grasos de la carne cruda y cocida, del líquido de cocción y de los contenidos en las paredes internas de las vasijas. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que en todas las muestras de peces se pudieron detectar ácidos grasos. Sin embargo, si se comparan los identificados en la carne cruda de cada especie con los detectados con posterioridad al hervido, se observa que el evento de cocción generó la pérdida y/o degradación de algunos de ellos, principalmente de los ácidos insaturados. En las vasijas se preservaron los ácidos grasos (e.g., ácido esteárico, palmítico y oleico) que comúnmente están presentes en la mayoría de los recursos alimenticios (e.g., herbívoros, vegetales). No obstante, los ácidos grasos detectados en las vasijas como los poliinsaturados pertenecientes al grupo C20 de bagre de mar y corvina rubia, el ácido eicosenoico de bagre de mar y el monoinsaturado del grupo C22 identificado para el congrio podrían ser considerados ácidos grasos diagnósticos de peces marinos.

Resumen: Durante mucho tiempo, en el marco de los estudios sobre literatura, las revistas fueron consideradas meros contenedores de los que se extraían determinados tipos de textos o producciones de autores específicos, por lo general, de los ya canonizados. Más allá de esa función, la revista no se apreciaba como un medio en sí, a pesar de que tanto su forma de presentación como su orden interno impregnan también indudablemente la percepción y recepción de la literatura. Pero esto ha empezado a cambiar desde hace ya algún tiempo y los investigadores toman cada vez más en cuenta la medialidad intrínseca de las revistas, la cual gana en interés, precisamente, a medida que se va superando el libro-centrismo tradicional. Como objeto multimodal que integra diferentes actores y varias dimensiones de producción y recepción de la literatura, la revista no es solo una plataforma en la que se plasman redes intelectuales y literarias existentes, sino que también forma activamente nuevas redes. Partiendo, sobre todo, de las recientes digitalizaciones de Amauta, en este artículo se reflexionará sobre algunos de los nuevos retos metodológicos que conlleva el enfoque del análisis de redes a la hora de aplicarlo al “pequeño archivo” (Frank, Podewski y Scherer, 2009) de las revistas en formato digital.

Abstract: During a long time, within the framework of literary studies, magazines were considered mere containers from which certain types of texts or productions of specific authors were extracted, usually those already canonized. Beyond this function, the magazine was not appreciated as a medium in itself, even though both its form of presentation and its internal order undoubtedly also permeate the perception and reception of literature. But research has begun to change and there is increasing awareness about the intrinsic mediality of magazines, which gains in interest precisely as one moves beyond a traditional book-centered approach. As a multimodal object that integrates different actors and various dimensions of literary production and reception, periodical publications are not only platforms on which intellectual and literary networks take shape, but also actors that form and inform new networks. Starting, above all, from the recent digitizations of Amauta, the article will reflect on some of the new methodological challenges of the network analysis approach when applied to the "small archive" (Frank, Podewski y Scherer, 2009) of magazines in digital format.

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been cultivated for more than 7,000 years in the mountain regions (Andes Mountains) of South America. Five ecotypes differing in their phenology, morphology and stress resistance can be found. One of these ecotypes corresponds to the coastal ecotype, which is cultivated mainly in Chile. Little information is available regarding the response of this ecotype to nitrogen (N) fertilization. In the present study, three N fertilization doses (low: 30, adequate: 140 and high: 280 kg ha-1) were evaluated in plants grown in containers. Seed yield and quality attributes, including seed weight, nitrate content, germination, and seed longevity, were evaluated. These results indicate that increasing N fertilization promotes increases in seed yield and weight. In terms of seed quality, although the fertilization treatments did not affect germination, seed longevity was reduced by increasing the N fertilization dose.

Resumen La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) se cultiva desde hace más de 7.000 años en las zonas montañosas (Cordillera de Los Andes) de América del Sur. Existen cinco ecotipos que difieren en su fenología, morfología y resistencia al estrés. Uno de estos ecotipos corresponde al ecotipo de la costa, cultivado principalmente en Chile. Hay poca información disponible con respecto a la respuesta de este ecotipo a la fertilización con nitrógeno (N). En el presente estudio se evaluaron tres dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (baja: 30, adecuada: 140 y alta: 280 kg ha-1) en plantas de contenedor. Se evaluaron los atributos de rendimiento y calidad de la semilla, incluido el peso, el contenido de nitrato, la germinación y la longevidad. Los resultados indican que el aumento de la fertilización nitrogenada promueve el rendimiento y el peso de la semilla. En cuanto a los atributos de calidad de semilla, aunque los tratamientos de fertilización no afectaron la germinación, la longevidad de la semilla se redujo al aumentar las dosis de fertilización nitrogenada.

Abstract: In recent years, virtualizing network services and functions has enabled optimizing hardware resources on resource-constrained devices, such as CPU, memory, and storage. Traditional virtualization is achieved through virtual machines using a layer known as a hypervisor. While this form of virtualization offers advantages such as scalability and portability, it has disadvantages in terms of performance compared to nonvirtualized deployments. In this context, alternative virtualization technologies (like containers) allow virtualization on the same physical infrastructure, improving overall performance, portability, and service scalability. This paper implements the deployment of network services on the Raspberry Pi development platform, which has limited resources. This is achieved through a multi-container virtualization solution using the Docker Compose tool, based on Docker containerization technology. Finally, a performance analysis of the implemented virtualization solution is conducted in terms of resource utilization by each service. Abstract years resourceconstrained constrained devices CPU memory storage hypervisor portability deployments context like containers infrastructure platform multicontainer multi container tool technology Finally

Resumen: En los últimos años, la virtualization de servicios y funciones de red ha permitido optimizar los recursos de hardware, como CPU, memoria y almacenamiento, en equipos con limitaciones de recursos. La virtualization tradicional se lleva a cabo mediante máquinas virtuales, utilizando una capa conocida como hipervisor. A pesar de que esta forma de virtualization ofrece ventajas como escalabilidad y portabilidad, presenta desventajas en términos de rendimiento en comparación con un despliegue no virtualizado. En este contexto, han surgido tecnologías alternativas de virtualization (como los contenedores) que permiten la virtualization en la misma infraestructura física, mejorando el rendimiento general, la portabilidad y la escalabilidad de los servicios. En este artículo se implementa el despliegue de servicios de red en la plataforma de desarrollo Raspberry Pi que cuenta con recursos limitados. Esto se logra mediante una solución de virtualization multicontenedor utilizando la herramienta Docker Compose, basada en la tecnología de contenerización Docker. Finalmente se lleva a cabo un análisis del rendimiento de la solución de virtualization implementada en términos de la utilization de recursos por parte de cada uno de los servicios. Resumen años hardware CPU almacenamiento virtuales hipervisor virtualizado contexto contenedores física general limitados Compose

Abstract We of the modern world tell stories about being modern, becoming modern. We ask where modernity is going. Two metaphorical complexes dominate these stories: We favour metaphors of life and growth; modernity has a life of its own. Or we prefer metaphors of motion and direction; modernity is a journey that takes many paths. The two complexes coexist uneasily even as they feed on each other; together they mark the modern conceit that modernity has left tradition behind. Those whom modern society has victimized, uprooted or abandoned may resist both complexes, often seeking to retrieve the metaphors of a lost, broken, misremembered or invented past. Most beneficiaries of modernity favour the metaphorical complex of life and growth—or merely take it for granted. Scholars with a critical attitude toward modernity often favour many paths and thus the metaphorical complex of motion and direction—without realizing it. Seven metaphors reveal these tendencies: boundary, break, juncture, limit, rupture, stage, transition. They also hint at a third, distinctively modern metaphorical complex. In our stories about modernity, we deploy plural versions of spatial metaphors sequenced in time: frames, boxes, compartments, or containers, and mark the sequence with metaphorical signposts: age, stage, wave, or period. going growth own direction other behind victimized lost broken past growthor granted directionwithout without tendencies boundary break juncture limit rupture stage transition third time frames boxes compartments containers signposts age wave period

Resumo Nós, do mundo moderno, contamos histórias sobre ser moderno, tornar-se moderno. Perguntamos para onde a modernidade está indo. Dois complexos metafóricos dominam essas histórias: Preferimos metáforas de vida e crescimento; a modernidade tem vida própria. Ou preferimos metáforas de movimento e direção; a modernidade é uma jornada que toma muitos caminhos. Os dois complexos coexistem desconfortavelmente, mesmo quando se alimentam um do outro; juntos, eles marcam o conceito moderno de que a modernidade deixou a tradição para trás. Aqueles que a sociedade moderna vitimou, desenraizou ou abandonou podem resistir a ambos os complexos, muitas vezes buscando recuperar as metáforas de um passado perdido, quebrado, mal lembrado ou inventado. A maioria dos beneficiários da modernidade favorece o complexo metafórico da vida e do crescimento - ou simplesmente o toma como garantido. Os acadêmicos com uma atitude crítica em relação à modernidade geralmente favorecem muitos caminhos e, portanto, o complexo metafórico de movimento e direção - sem perceber. Sete metáforas revelam essas tendências: fronteira, quebra, junção, limite, ruptura, estágio, transição. Elas também sugerem um terceiro complexo metafórico distintamente moderno. Em nossas histórias sobre a modernidade, empregamos versões plurais de metáforas espaciais sequenciadas no tempo: molduras, caixas, compartimentos ou contêineres, e marcamos a sequência com sinais metafóricos: idade, estágio, onda ou período. Nós tornarse tornar indo própria desconfortavelmente outro juntos trás vitimou perdido quebrado inventado garantido portanto perceber tendências fronteira quebra junção limite ruptura estágio transição tempo molduras caixas contêineres idade período

Abstract: Eugenia klotzschiana, commonly known as pêra-do-cerrado, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is an unconventional food plant that is exploited in an extractive manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the germination behavior of E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds and their sensitivity to desiccation. The seeds were manually pulped from the fruits and stored in plastic containers. The initial water content was subsequently determined using the oven method at 105°C for 24 hours, yielding a value of 46.6%. Sub-samples were then separated to obtain the desired water contents of 40%, 32%, 22%, and 15% for treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5. The data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant by the F test (p<0.05), the means were compared using the T test. Graphs with 95% confidence intervals were generated to illustrate the comparisons. The seedling development data was arranged in a box plot. The R software was used for these analyses. The data analysis revealed that E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds do not have the potential to germinate with a water content lower than 22.50% moisture. Furthermore, the water content with the highest percentage, 46.6%, resulted in 100% germination. Abstract pêradocerrado, pêradocerrado pêra cerrado, cerrado pêra-do-cerrado family manner E O desiccation containers 105C C 105 2 hours 466 46 6 46.6% Subsamples Sub samples 40 40% 32 32% 22 22% 15 3 4 5 ANOVA (ANOVA p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , 0 05 (p<0.05) 95 comparisons plot analyses 2250 50 22.50 moisture Furthermore percentage 100 10 46.6 1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 9 225 22.5 46. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 22. p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Eugenia klotzschiana (pêra-do-cerrado) pertence à família Myrtaceae. É caracterizada como planta alimentícia não convencional, sendo explorada de forma extrativista. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para conhecer o comportamento germinativo das sementes de E. klotzschiana e ainda a sua sensibilidade à dessecação. Após a despolpa dos frutos, realizada manualmente, as sementes foram armazena das em embalagens plásticas. O teor de água inicial foi determinado pelo método da estufa a 105°C por 24 horas, com valor de 46,6%. Separaram-se, em seguida,subamostras para obtenção dos demais teores de água desejados: 40%, 32%, 22% e 15%, sendo,respectivamente,os tratamentos 2, 3, 4 e 5. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância(ANOVA) e, quando significativas pelo teste F (p<0,05), as médias foram comparadas pelo teste T. Para ilustrar as comparações, foram gerados gráficos com intervalos de confiança de95%. Foi realizada também a disposição dos dados do desenvolvimento das plântulas em Boxplot. Essas análises foram desenvolvidas utilizando-se o software R. A partir da análise dos dados,foi possível constatar que as sementes de E. klotzschiana O. Berg nãoapresentam potencial germinativo com teor de água inferior a 22,5% de umidade. Além disso, o maiorteor de água de 46,6% proporcionou 100% de germinação. pêradocerrado pêra cerrado (pêra-do-cerrado Myrtaceae convencional extrativista E dessecação frutos manualmente plásticas 105C C 105 2 horas 466 46 6 Separaramse, Separaramse Separaram se, se Separaram-se seguidasubamostras seguida subamostras desejados 40 40% 32 32% 22 15 15% sendorespectivamenteos respectivamente os 3 5 variânciaANOVA variância ANOVA variância(ANOVA p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 , 0 05 (p<0,05) T comparações de95 de95% Boxplot utilizandose utilizando R dadosfoi 225 22,5 umidade disso 46,6 100 germinação 10 1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 de9 22, 46, p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT. Native to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, cambuci fruits can be consumed either in natura or in the processed form, and cambuci trees can be used to recover degraded areas. However, studies regarding cambuci germination and seedling development are scarce. The main aim of this study was to understand how different substrates and containers influence the growth of cambuci seedlings. To this end, two experiments were conducted: five different substrates were tested in the first experiment, and based on the multivariate analysis of the first experiment, the effect of combination of the best-performing substrates and three commonly employed plant growth containers on seedling development was investigated. Overall, good quality cambuci seedlings were obtained when they were grown in the commercial pine bark substrate and peat and perlite mixture in a 260 cm3 container. ABSTRACT Rainforest form areas However scarce end conducted experiment bestperforming best performing investigated Overall 26 cm container 2

Resumo A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.

Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.