Abstract Introduction: The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends guidelines to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer survivors, but adherence is low worldwide, and there are no data in Uruguay. Objective: To evaluate the adherence of cancer survivors in Uruguay to the five healthy behavior guidelines recommended by the ACS at the Hospital de Clínicas and the Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materials and Methods: Observational and prospective study with 288 patients with early-stage cancer (I-III). A questionnaire on healthy habits was used. Patients were classified into low (0-2), moderate (3), and high adherence (4-5). Relationships between adherence and demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using R software. Results: A total of 288 patients were included, 15% consumed enough fruits and vegetables, 63,5% maintained a BMI <30, 32.3% achieved the recommended physical activity, 80.6% did not smoke, and 95,5% did not drink alcohol excessively. Adherence was low in 42%, moderate in 29,5%, and high in 28.5%, being higher among young people (p=0,009), women (p=0,004), patients with higher educational level (p<0,001), and those diagnosed at earlier stages (p=0.009). Conclusions: Most survivors followed the recommendations to abstain from smoking and moderate alcohol consumption, but one-third had a BMI above the recommended level, two-thirds did not reach the recommended level of physical activity, and 85% did not consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables. Adherence was lower in older patients, men, those with stage III cancer, and those with lower educational levels, suggesting the need for specific interventions.

Resumo Introdução: A Sociedade Americana do Câncer (ACS) recomenda diretrizes para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida dos sobreviventes de câncer, porém a adesão é baixa a nível mundial e não existem dados no Uruguai. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão dos sobreviventes de câncer no Uruguai às cinco diretrizes de comportamento saudável da ACS no Hospital de Clínicas e no Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo com 288 pacientes com câncer em estágios iniciais (I-III). Foi utilizado um questionário sobre hábitos saudáveis. Os pacientes foram classificados em baixa adesão (0-2), moderada (3) e alta adesão (4-5). Foram analisadas as relações entre a adesão e variáveis demográficas e clínicas utilizando o software R. Resultados: Foram incluídos 288 pacientes, 15% consumiram frutas e vegetais suficientes, 63,5% mantiveram um IMC <30, 32,3% alcançaram o nível recomendado de atividade física, 80,6% não fumavam e 95,5% não consumiam álcool em excesso. A adesão foi baixa em 42%, moderada em 29,5% e alta em 28,5%, sendo maior entre jovens (p=0,009), mulheres (p=0,004), pacientes com maior nível educacional (p<0,001) e em estágios iniciais (p=0,009). Conclusões: A maioria dos sobreviventes seguiu as recomendações para não fumar e moderar o consumo de álcool, mas um terço apresentou IMC superior ao recomendado, dois terços não atingiram o nível de atividade física e 85% não consumiram as frutas e vegetais recomendados. A adesão foi menor em pacientes mais velhos, homens, em estágios III e com menor nível educacional, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenções específicas.

Resumen Introducción: La Sociedad Americana del Cáncer (ACS) recomienda pautas para mejorar la calidad de vida y supervivencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer, pero la adherencia es baja a nivel mundial y no hay datos en Uruguay. Objetivo: Evaluar la adherencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer en Uruguay a las cinco pautas de comportamiento saludable de la ACS en el Hospital de Clínicas y el Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo con 288 pacientes de cáncer precoz (I-III). Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre hábitos saludables. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en baja (0-2), moderada (3) y alta adherencia (4-5). Se analizaron relaciones entre adherencia y variables demográficas y clínicas usando el software R. Resultados: Se incluyeron 288 pacientes, 15% consumió suficientes frutas y verduras, 63,5% mantuvo un IMC <30, 32,3% logró la actividad física recomendada, 80,6% no fumaba y 95,5% no bebía alcohol en exceso. La adherencia fue baja en 42%, moderada en 29,5% y alta en 28,5%, siendo mayor entre jóvenes (p=0,009), mujeres (p=0,004), pacientes con mayor nivel educativo (p<0,001) y en estadios tempranos (p=0,009). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los sobrevivientes siguieron las recomendaciones para no fumar y moderar el consumo de alcohol, pero un tercio tenía un IMC superior al recomendado, dos tercios no alcanzaban el nivel de actividad física y el 85% no consumía las frutas y verduras recomendadas. La adherencia fue menor en pacientes mayores, hombres, con estadios III y menor nivel educativo, sugiriendo necesidad de intervenciones específicas.

Abstract Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide and the second most smoked substance after tobacco. In recent years, numerous studies have attempted to assess its impact on respiratory health with conflicting results. Objective: To study the effect of inhaled cannabis on respiratory symptoms and lung function compared to tobacco and non-smokers. Methods: Adults from cannabis clubs and public institutions in our country were included. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and consumption habits were conducted. This was complemented with pulmonary function testing. Participants were divided into 4 groups: cannabis group (C), tobacco group (T), cannabis-tobacco group (C-T), and non-smokers group (NS). Results: A total of 375 individuals were studied: cannabis group (63), tobacco (117), cannabis-tobacco (50), and non-smokers (145). The cannabis, cannabis-tobacco, and tobacco groups showed a higher prevalence of at least one chronic respiratory symptom (wheezing, cough, and sputum) compared to the non-smokers group (p<0.001). Forced vital capacity was significantly higher in cannabis users (C, C-T). No other significant spirometry alterations were found. Conclusions: Smoking cannabis is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Although no clinically relevant changes in lung function were detected, further long-term studies are required. Inquiry about cannabis use should be incorporated into clinical practice, with education on potential health risks.

Resumo Introdução: A cannabis é a droga ilícita mais consumida no mundo e a segunda substância mais fumada depois do tabaco. Nos últimos anos, numerosos estudos tentaram avaliar o seu impacto na saúde respiratória, com resultados conflitantes. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da cannabis inalada nos sintomas respiratórios e na função pulmonar em comparação com o tabaco e não fumantes. Métodos: Foram incluídos adultos provenientes de clubes de cannabis e instituições públicas do nosso país. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características sociodemográficas, sintomas respiratórios e hábitos de consumo. Complementou-se com estudo funcional respiratório. Os participantes foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) e grupo não fumantes (NF). Resultados: Foram estudados 375 indivíduos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50) e não fumantes (145). Os grupos cannabis, cannabis-tabaco e tabaco apresentaram maior prevalência de pelo menos um sintoma respiratório crônico (sibilos, tosse e expectoração) em comparação com o grupo não fumantes (p<0,001). A capacidade vital forçada foi significativamente maior nos grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). Não foram encontradas outras alterações significativas na espirometria. Conclusões: Fumar cannabis está associado a sintomas respiratórios crônicos. Embora não tenham sido detectadas alterações clinicamente relevantes na função pulmonar, são necessários mais estudos de longo prazo. Questionar sobre o consumo de cannabis deve ser incorporado à prática clínica, com educação sobre os potenciais riscos à saúde.

Resumen Introducción: El cannabis es la droga ilícita más consumida a nivel mundial y la segunda sustancia más fumada luego del tabaco. En los últimos años numerosos estudios han intentado valorar su impacto en la salud respiratoria con resultados discordantes. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del cannabis inhalado en síntomas respiratorios y función pulmonar en comparación con el tabaco y con no fumadores. Métodos: Se incluyeron adultos provenientes de clubes cannábicos e instituciones públicas de nuestro país. Se realizaron cuestionarios sobre características sociodemográficas, síntomas respiratorios y hábitos de consumo. Se complementó con estudio funcional respiratorio. Se dividieron en 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) y grupo no fumadores (NF). Resultados: Se estudiaron 375 individuos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50), no fumadores (145). El grupo cannabis, cannabis-tabaco, y tabaco, presentaron mayor prevalencia de al menos un síntoma respiratorio crónico (sibilancias, la tos y la expectoración) comparado con el grupo no fumador (p<0,001). La capacidad vital forzada fue significativamente mayor en los grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). No se hallaron otras alteraciones significativas en la espirometría. Conclusiones: Fumar cannabis se asocia con síntomas respiratorios crónicos. Si bien no se han detectado cambios clínicamente relevantes en la función pulmonar, se requieren más estudios a largo plazo. Interrogar sobre el consumo de cannabis debería incorporarse en la práctica clínica, educando sobre los potenciales riesgos en salud.

Resumen Introducción. Durante las últimas décadas, se ha observado un creciente interés por parte de los consumidores en productos agroalimentarios sostenibles. Debido a esto, han surgido normativas voluntarias que se han convertido en una herramienta para promover la sostenibilidad en la producción y el consumo en las cadenas de valor agroalimentarias. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil de los consumidores y el grado de conocimiento sobre sellos de sostenibilidad de los productos agrícolas en los mercados costarricenses. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021, se llevó a cabo una encuesta virtual a nivel nacional a través de la plataforma Qualtrics de la que se recopilaron 397 respuestas válidas. Los sellos de sostenibilidad considerados fueron certificaciones de producción orgánica, comercio justo, denominación de origen, marca país Esencial Costa Rica y carbono neutral. Se empleó el modelo de regresión de Poisson (PRM) para estudiar el comportamiento de las variables, con el software Stata versión 16.0. Resultados. El sello Esencial Costa Rica es el más reconocido. Las personas que residen en la Gran Área Metropolitana están más familiarizadas con diversos sellos. La variable de ingresos resultó ser un factor significativo; las personas con ingresos más altos tienden a identificar y valorar más los sellos de sostenibilidad. Los niveles de conocimiento y consumo de productos certificados aumentan cuando el consumidor posee algún vínculo con el sector agropecuario. Conclusiones. El interés de las personas en productos certificados no se ve reflejado en el comportamiento de compra, debido, en parte, al precio de los productos, la falta de confianza o el exceso de información en las etiquetas. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten a las empresas definir sus estrategias de comercialización según las características de los consumidores de estos productos diferenciados.

Abstract Introduction. Over the last few decades, there has been growing interest on the part of consumers in sustainable agri-food products. As a result, voluntary standards have emerged as a tool to promote sustainability in production and consumption in agri-food value chains. Objective. To evaluate the profile of consumers and the degree of knowledge of sustainability seals for agricultural products in Costa Rican markets. Materials and methods. During October and November 2021, a nationwide virtual survey was conducted through the Qualtrics platform, from which 397 valid responses were collected. The sustainability seals considered were certifications of organic production, fair trade, denomination of origin, nation brand Essential Costa Rica, and carbon neutral. The Poisson regression model (PRM) was used to study the behavior of the variables, using Stata software version 16.0. Results. The Essential Costa Rica seal is the most recognized. People residing in the Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM) are more familiar with various seals. The income variable turned out to be a significant factor; those with higher incomes tend to identify and value sustainability seals more. The levels of knowledge and consumption of certified products increase when the consumer has some link to the agricultural sector. Conclusions. People’s interest in certified products is not reflected in their purchasing behavior, due in part to the price of the products, lack of trust or excessive information on labels. The findings of the study allow companies to define their marketing strategies according to the characteristics of the consumers of these differentiated products.

Resumen (Introducción): El agua es esencial para todos los seres vivos, ya que facilita el transporte de nutrientes, la eliminación de desechos y la regulación de la temperatura corporal. El agua subterránea es la principal fuente para el consumo de ganado bovino y la falta de aquella de buena calidad puede impactar negativamente en su salud, reproducción y productividad. En Argentina, la ganadería bovina para la producción de carne y leche es una actividad económica clave, por lo que resulta crucial garantizar un suministro de agua adecuado en cantidad y calidad. (Objetivo): Evaluar la calidad del agua subterránea para el ganado en la cuenca lechera de Santa Fe, Argentina, utilizando un índice de calidad de agua adaptado para bovinos. (Metodología): Durante el periodo 2023-2024, se recolectaron muestras de agua subterránea en una de las principales cuencas lecheras del país. Se analizaron parámetros significativos para la calidad del agua destinada al consumo bovino, tales como pH, sólidos disueltos totales, sulfato, cloruro, nitrato y arsénico. Cada parámetro recibió una valoración basada en sus efectos perjudiciales para los animales y, mediante una ecuación matemática, se clasificó la calidad del agua desde muy buena hasta extremadamente pobre. (Resultados): El estudio reveló que un alto porcentaje de las muestras de la cuenca lechera presentan una calidad buena o muy buena, aunque también se identificaron pozos con calidad deficiente. (Conclusiones): Los resultados subrayan la importancia de monitorear y gestionar la calidad del agua subterránea, para asegurar una ganadería bovina sostenible en la cuenca lechera de Santa Fe.

Abstract (Introduction): Water is essential for all living beings as it facilitates nutrient transfer, waste elimination, and body temperature regulation. Groundwater is the primary source for bovine livestock consumption, and poor-quality water can negatively affect their health, reproduction, and productivity. In Argentina, bovine farming for meat and milk production is a significant economic activity, making it crucial to ensure an adequate supply of water in both quantity and quality. (Objective): This study aims to evaluate groundwater quality for cattle in the Santa Fe dairy basin, Argentina, using a water quality index adapted for bovines. (Methodology): During the 2023-2024 period, groundwater samples were collected from one of the main dairy basins in the country. Parameters significant to water quality for bovine consumption, such as pH, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and arsenic, were analyzed at each monitored well. Each parameter was assigned a score based on its harmful effects on livestock, and a mathematical equation was applied to classify water quality from very good to extremely poor. (Results): The study revealed that a high percentage of samples in the dairy basin are of good or very good quality, although wells with poor water quality were also identified. (Conclusions): The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing groundwater quality to ensure sustainable bovine farming in the Santa Fe dairy basin.

Abstract: The purpose of this document is to highlight the existing issue caused by a lack of knowledge about the actual condition of machinery and precise monitoring in an express mechanic workshop. This workshop consists of mechanical maintenance equipment such as vehicle lifts, balancers, aligners, and other common machinery in such work environments. The data collected from these machines are classified and processed using Artificial Intelligence, specifically Machine Learning, by employing a tabulation and interpretation algorithm alongside IoT (Internet of Things) through the instrumentation of these machines with sensors appropriate to their mechanical operation. This facilitates and enables the creation of predictive maintenance plans as well as operational schemes that help reduce operational costs, maintenance expenses, and energy consumption of the workshop equipment. The system innovatively uses a modular approach without requiring intervention or modification of the machines, allowing their interconnectivity with a computer that automatically manages the collected data. This results in a clear view of the usage of each component, providing critical information for generating predictive maintenance strategies.

Resumen: El propósito de este documento es dar a conocer la problemática existente por una falta de conocimiento del estado real de la maquinaria y del monitoreo preciso de un taller de mecánica exprés que se compone por elementos de mantenimiento mecánico tales como elevadores de vehículos, balanceadora, alineadora, entre otras las maquinarias más comunes en este tipo de centros de trabajo, estos datos son clasificados y procesados utilizando inteligencia artificial como Machine Learning al emplear un algoritmo de tabulación e interpretación y conjuntamente IoT (internet de las cosas) a través de la instrumentación de dichas máquinas con sensores acordes a su tipo de funcionamiento mecánico, esto facilita y permite generar planes de mantenimiento predictivo al igual que esquemas operativos que permitirán disminuir el costo operacional, costos de mantenimiento y consumo energético de la indumentaria del taller, utilizando de manera innovadora un sistema modular sin necesidad de intervenir o modificar las mismas, que permite la interconectividad de la maquinaria con un ordenador que gestione la data recogida de manera automática dando como resultado una visión clara del uso de cada componente, esta información es clave para la generación de un mantenimiento predictivo.

ABSTRACT The circular economy represents a modern production and consumption paradigm aimed at ensuring long-term sustainability. In the automotive sector, there is a rapid shift towards electric vehicles powered by batteries. These batteries, containing valuable metals such as lithium (Li), iron phosphate (FePO4), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and others, become a significant social and environmental concern after their use in electric vehicles. This study explores the technical options for end-of-life lithium batteries from electric vehicles within a circular economy framework. It aims to recommend appropriate recycling techniques based on the compositions typically found in electric vehicle batteries in Ecuador. The methodology employed was qualitative descriptive, involving the search, evaluation, and analysis of factual information. After reaching the end of their useful life, the technical options for these batteries include reuse and recycling. Reuse involves assessing their condition for potential applications in residential and industrial sectors. Recycling aims to recover metals and materials through techniques such as mechanical and chemical treatments, including direct recycling. It is concluded that there are four technical possibilities for used electric vehicle batteries. In Ecuador, most electric vehicles are equipped with lithium batteries using LFP (lithium iron phosphate) technology, thus enabling the recommendation of an effective recycling technique to recover these high-value metals.

RESUMEN La economía circular es un nuevo modelo de producción y consumo que garantiza sostenibilidad en el tiempo, en el sector automotriz existe una acelerada transición hacia el parque automotor eléctrico, el cual se sirve de las baterías como fuente de propulsión, estas baterías contienen metales valiosos como el litio (Li), el fosfato de hierro (FePO4), cobalto (Co), níquel (Ni) entre otros, que luego de ser usados en los vehículos eléctricos suponen una grave amenaza social y ambiental. La presente investigación, describe las posibilidades técnicas que tienen las baterías de litio usadas en los vehículos eléctricos cuando estas han alcanzado el final de su vida útil en el marco de un modelo de economía circular, a fin de recomendar una técnica de reciclaje acorde a la composición de las baterías más utilizadas en los vehículos eléctricos en Ecuador. La metodología adoptada fue del tipo descriptiva cualitativa, consistiendo en la búsqueda, evaluación y análisis de los hechos. Se concluye que existen cuatro posibilidades técnicas para las baterías usadas de los vehículos eléctricos, estas son: su reutilización para emplearlas en nuevas aplicaciones tanto residenciales como industriales; su reciclaje con tratamientos mecánicos para la recuperación de metales y materiales; el reciclaje con tratamientos químicos que se centra en metales como níquel - cobalto, y el reciclaje directo para su reutilización en baterías usadas. En Ecuador los vehículos eléctricos equipan en su gran mayoría baterías de litio con la tecnología LFP (Óxido de litio ferro fosfato), por lo que se pudo recomendar una técnica de reciclaje efectiva con tratamientos mecánicos para recuperar metales y materiales de este tipo de baterías.

Abstract: The building and construction sectors account for over one-third of global final energy consumption and nearly 40% of total direct and indirect CO2 emissions. At the same time, hospital buildings are often among the least energy-efficient. Enhancing the energy performance of existing hospital buildings through retrofitting measures presents a significant opportunity for cost and energy savings. However, hospitals have unique challenges, such as continuous occupancy, heavy medical equipment, and strict safety regulations. Additionally, the lack of financial incentives and supportive policies are among the biggest barriers to retrofitting hospital facilities. This paper proposes an energy management methodology for selecting the best retrofitting measures for hospital buildings. Moreover, the study seeks to define a priority ranking for the energy efficiency measures selected in an energy retrofit project, distinguishing between primary and supplementary actions. The methodology includes a generic process flow diagram, a systematic flowchart to facilitate decision-making, and two tables outlining primary and supplementary retrofitting measures.

Resumen: Los sectores de la construcción y edificación representan más de un tercio del consumo final de energía global y casi el 40 % de las emisiones totales de CO2, tanto directas como indirectas. Al mismo tiempo, los edificios hospitalarios suelen estar entre los menos eficientes en términos energéticos. Mejorar el rendimiento energético de los edificios hospitalarios existentes a través de medidas de rehabilitación presenta una oportunidad significativa para ahorrar costos y energía. Sin embargo, los hospitales enfrentan desafíos únicos, como la ocupación continua, el uso de equipos médicos pesados y estrictas regulaciones de seguridad. Además, la falta de incentivos financieros y políticas de apoyo se encuentran entre las principales barreras para la rehabilitación de las instalaciones hospitalarias. Este artículo propone una metodología de gestión energética para seleccionar las mejores medidas de rehabilitación para edificios hospitalarios. Además, el estudio busca definir un ranking de prioridades para las medidas de eficiencia energética seleccionadas en un proyecto de rehabilitación energética, distinguiendo entre acciones primarias y suplementarias. La metodología incluye un diagrama de flujo de procesos genérico, un diagrama de flujo sistemático para facilitar la toma de decisiones y dos tablas que describen las medidas de rehabilitación primarias y suplementarias.

Abstract This article investigates the main ethical challenges faced by the fast fashion sector and Shein, given the promotion of unrestrained consumption. It aims to answer the following question: “What are the ethical implications associated with the mass production conduct of fast-fashion brands?” It addresses the gap in the literature corresponding to the analysis of the current market leader, Shein, with an updated study on the ethical challenges of the fast fashion model. It concludes that the international ethical challenges of this industry generate two main consequences: environmental impact and labour exploitation. Thus, reversing the traditional dependency theory scenario, Shein has established itself with great importance in this industry. However, it faces growing concerns about its business conduct, especially in relation to human rights and environmental sustainability.

Resumen Este artículo investiga los principales retos éticos a los que se enfrentan el sector de la moda rápida y Shein, dada la promoción del consumo desenfrenado. Se pretende responder a la siguiente pregunta “¿Cuáles son las implicaciones éticas asociadas a la conducta de producción en masa de las marcas de moda rápida?”. El artículo aborda la laguna en la bibliografía correspondiente al análisis del actual líder del mercado, Shein, con un estudio actualizado sobre los retos éticos del modelo de moda rápida. Se concluye que los retos éticos internacionales de esta industria generan dos consecuencias principales: el impacto medioambiental y la explotación laboral. Así, revirtiendo el escenario tradicional de la teoría de la dependencia, Shein se ha consolidado con gran importancia en esta industria. Sin embargo, enfrenta crecientes preocupaciones sobre su conducta empresarial, especialmente en relación a los derechos humanos y la sostenibilidad ambiental.

Abstract This study presents the design and implementation of an interactive, user-friendly electronic meter for energy consumption measurement. The proposed system serves as an educational tool for teaching electrical installations, offering a practical and hands-on learning experience. The primary objective is to develop an interactive meter tailored for residential use, capable of providing real-time feedback on energy consumption. Its deployment in educational institutions enhances the comprehension of technical concepts, while also proving beneficial in community outreach workshops focused on residential electrical systems. The system consists of a battery-powered setup featuring an ESP32 module for voltage and current data acquisition, an SPI-connected LCD screen for local data visualization, and a WiFi module for real-time data transmission to a cloud-based database. Designed to be reproducible, cost-effective, and open source, the system represents an accessible and versatile solution for energy monitoring applications. Validation tests were conducted over five months in both laboratory and residential environments. The results demonstrated high measurement accuracy, with error margins below 5% for voltage, current, energy consumption, and estimated costs. These findings confirm that the developed interactive energy meter is a reliable and effective tool for monitoring residential energy usage while fostering educational and community-based learning experiences.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta el diseño e implementación de un sistema de medición de consumo de energía eléctrica mediante un medidor electrónico interactivo y amigable para el usuario. Este sistema constituye una herramienta didáctica para la enseñanza de instalaciones eléctricas, ofreciendo una experiencia práctica y educativa. El objetivo principal es desarrollar un medidor interactivo para uso residencial que proporcione retroalimentación en tiempo real sobre el consumo energético. Su implementación en instituciones educativas no solo facilita la comprensión de conceptos técnicos, sino que también resulta valiosa en talleres prácticos de vinculación social enfocados en instalaciones eléctricas residenciales. El sistema consta de una batería, un módulo ESP32 para adquirir datos de voltaje y corriente, una pantalla LCD conectada por SPI para visualización local y un módulo wifi que transmite los datos a una base de datos en la nube. Su diseño es reproducible, económico y de código abierto, lo que lo convierte en una solución accesible y versátil. Pruebas realizadas durante cinco meses en laboratorios y domicilios validaron su precisión, con márgenes de error menores al 5% en voltaje, corriente, energía y costos estimados. Los resultados confirman que este medidor interactivo es una herramienta eficaz, viable e interactiva para el monitoreo energético en entornos residenciales.

Abstract (Introduction): Within the framework of the present capitalist system, human beings have become an important polluting agent. Current production and consumption processes do not consider the existence of finite natural resources and a planet incapable of treating the waste that the prevailing way of life generates. Given these circumstances, the study of non-linear models is of interest, which make a more rational use of the waste that the productive activity generates, favoring recycling mechanisms. The phenomenon of recycling becomes particularly relevant in the case of electrical and electronic devices, whose ability to be degraded and metabolized by planet Earth is extremely difficult. (Objective): Evaluate the feasibility of installing and starting a recycling plant for electrical and electronics items in the town of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), during 2021. (Methodology): The conventional method for evaluating investment projects was used, considering technical, legal and economic aspects. (Results): The project is not acceptable according to the profitability intended by the investor. The possibility of financing was also included, which made the project even less profitable, and the sensitivity of the results was measured, finding that the price should be 1.48 % higher than that used in the analysis. (Conclusions): Other alternatives must be explored to make this proposal profitable from an economic and financial point of view.

Resumen (Introducción): En el marco del sistema capitalista vigente, el ser humano se ha transformado en un agente significativo de contaminación. Las dinámicas productivas y de consumo actuales no contemplan la existencia de recursos naturales finitos y de un planeta incapaz de procesar los desperdicios que el modo de vida habitual genera. Dadas estas circunstancias, cobra interés el estudio de modelos no lineales, que hagan un uso más racional de los residuos derivados de la actividad productiva, los cuales favorezcan mecanismos de reciclaje. El fenómeno del reciclaje se vuelve, en particular, relevante para el caso de los artefactos eléctricos y electrónicos; la capacidad del planeta Tierra para degradarlos y metabolizarlos resulta sumamente difícil. (Objetivo): Evaluar la factibilidad de la instalación y puesta en marcha de una planta recicladora de artículos eléctricos y electrónicos en la localidad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), durante el 2021. (Metodología): Se utilizó la metodología convencional de evaluación de proyectos de inversión, considerando aspectos técnicos, legales y económicos. (Resultados): El proyecto no es aceptable según la rentabilidad pretendida por el inversor. También se incluyó la posibilidad de un financiamiento, lo que hizo que el plan fuera menos rentable aún, y se midió la sensibilidad de los resultados: se halló que el precio debiera ser 1.48 % superior al utilizado en el análisis. (Conclusiones): Se deben explorar otras alternativas para lograr que el proyecto sea rentable desde el punto de vista económico-financiero.

Abstract This article proposes reflections on the processes of deindustrialization and repurposing of former factories, railway stations, and port warehouses, as well as their impacts on the urban space, based on a survey and a mapping of industrial remnants in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study is grounded on bibliographical and documentary research, and the theoretical framework revolves around the concepts of repurposing, industrial heritage, and industrial remnants. The findings reveal that most repurposed remnants have functions related to culture/art and consumption, while a quarter of the industrial remnants are currently abandoned and without function. It is concluded that, despite the neglect and abandonment of these facilities, there are opportunities to devise pathways for creating new uses for these industrial remnants. factories stations warehouses space Janeiro research heritage cultureart culture art consumption function facilities

Resumo Este artigo propõe reflexões sobre os processos de desindustrialização e de refuncionalização de antigas fábricas, estações ferroviárias e armazéns portuários, e seus impactos no tecido urbano a partir de levantamento e mapeamento dos remanescentes industriais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa baseia-se em levantamento bibliográfico e documental, e as referências teóricas giram em torno dos conceitos de refuncionalização, patrimônio industrial e remanescentes industriais. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos remanescentes refuncionalizados hoje possuem funções ligadas à cultura, à arte e ao consumo, e um quarto dos remanescentes encontram-se, atualmente, abandonados e sem função. Conclui-se que, apesar de certo descaso e abandono dessas instalações, existem oportunidades para pensar caminhos para a criação de novos usos para esses remanescentes. fábricas portuários Janeiro baseiase baseia se documental cultura consumo encontramse, encontramse encontram se, encontram-se atualmente função Concluise Conclui instalações

Abstract — The present work is an effort to determine the generation of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, from the cooking process that is developed for chickens, meats, ribs, hamburgers and pizzas, using firewood and coal as a source of thermal energy in the commercial grills of the metropolitan area of the City of Veracruz, which is made up of the municipalities of Veracruz, Boca del Rio, Medellin de Bravo, Jamapa and Manlio Fabio Altamirano, at Veracruz State, Mexico which as a whole They have a population of 882,011 inhabitants, where they exist of 430 commercial establishments of this type exists, making 275 visits to carry out interviews and surveys, showing that 74.18 % use charcoal and 25.81 % use firewood. Using emission factors and caloric indices, it was determined that a total of 2,739.99 tons/year of carbon dioxide equivalent is generated by consumption of firewood and 8,872.66 tons/year of carbon dioxide equivalent by consumption of coal and with a total of 11,612.65 tons/year of carbon dioxide equivalent for all commercial grills facilities, which are involved in constant climate change and the effects that this causes in this metropolitan area on the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico and that must be included in both regulations municipal and in the climate change agenda.

Abstract — Urban driving worldwide is characterized by frequent vehicle idling due to traffic congestion, which significantly impacts fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. While strategies such as eco-driving techniques and start-stop systems have been studied extensively in various regions, limited research has been conducted to assess their effects in Latin America. This study evaluates the impact of idling, traffic, and ecodriving on fuel consumption and well-to-wheel (WTW) CO₂ emissions in urban taxi operations under real traffic conditions in Ecuador. Real-world driving data were collected using on-board diagnostics (OBD). A key innovation of this research is the assessment of alternative scenarios, with reduced idling times and power demand, based on the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) approach. As result, five scenarios were examined: baseline, eco-driving, low traffic, start-stop technology, and a combined scenario. The results shows that urban driving resulted in the highest WTW CO₂ emissions (354 gCO₂/km) compared with rural and highway driving. The combined scenario, which merges lower power demand with start-stop technology, achieved the greatest improvements, reducing WTW CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption by 15% compared to the baseline scenario. Annually, the combined scenario could avoid 3.68 tons of CO₂ emitted per vehicle and fuel savings of 870 USD. These findings underscore the potential of ecodriving and start-stop technology in reducing fuel consumption and emissions to mitigate the environmental impact of road transportation.

Resumen — La conducción urbana a nivel mundial se caracteriza por el frecuente tiempo en ralentí de los vehículos, debido a la congestión del tráfico. Esto impacta significativamente en el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de los vehículos. Si bien se han estudiado ampliamente estrategias como las técnicas de conducción ecológica y los sistemas start-stop en varias regiones, se ha realizado poca investigación para evaluar sus efectos en América Latina. Este estudio evalúa el impacto del ralentí, el tráfico y la conducción ecológica en el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO₂ de pozo a rueda (WTW) en las operaciones de taxis urbanos bajo condiciones de tráfico real en Ecuador. Se recopilaron datos de conducción real utilizando diagnóstico a bordo (OBD). Una innovación clave de esta investigación es la evaluación de escenarios alternativos, con tiempos ralentí y demanda de potencia reducidos, basada en el enfoque de Potencia Específica del Vehículo (VSP). Como resultado, se examinaron cinco escenarios: línea base, conducción ecológica, bajo tráfico, tecnología start-stop, y un escenario combinado. Los resultados muestran que la conducción urbana resultó en las mayores emisiones de CO₂ WTW (354 gCO₂/km) en comparación con la conducción rural y en carretera. El escenario combinado, que fusiona una menor demanda de potencia con la tecnología start-stop, logró mayores mejoras, reduciendo las emisiones de CO₂ WTW y el consumo de combustible en un 15 % en comparación con el escenario base. Anualmente, el escenario combinado podría evitar 3.68 toneladas de CO₂ emitidas por vehículo y ahorrar 870 USD en combustible. Estos hallazgos subrayan el potencial de la conducción ecológica y la tecnología de arranque y parada para reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones, contribuyendo a mitigar el impacto ambiental del transporte por carretera.

BACKGROUND: The personal health behaviours and lifestyle habits of health professionals influence their counselling practices related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is limited evidence on the prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors among medical students in South Africa (SA OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of modifiable behavioural and metabolic NCD risk factors in first-year medical students at a SA university METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 256 first-year students. Participants completed five online questionnaires regarding lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep quality). NCD-related metabolic markers including body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol and random glucose concentrations, were measured. The prevalence of risk factors was calculated using internationally accepted criteria, and sex differences were reported using one-way ANOVA or χ² test (p<0.05 RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 79.7%, followed by low-to-moderate diet quality (66.8%), low levels of physical activity (64.1%), overweight/ obesity (26.2%), current/past smoking (13.3%) and harmful use of alcohol (12.5%). Most (88.3%) participants had two or more NCD-related risk factors. The prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors differed significantly between male and female participants, with more male participants having >2 CONCLUSIONS: This study found that first-year medical students at a South African university have a high prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors, specifically poor sleep quality, low levels of physical activity and low-to-moderate diet quality. Sleep hygiene, regular activity and good nutrition should be promoted, and interventions focusing on nutrition, smoking cessation and alcohol consumption could be targeted by sex

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade dos dados do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados (SNGPC), disponíveis em acesso aberto, quanto aos antimicrobianos (ATM) e propor melhorias. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e descritivo dos registros das vendas de ATM das farmácias e drogarias privadas brasileiras, realizadas nos meses de junho de 2017 a 2020. Foram consideradas três dimensões da qualidade: completude, clareza metodológica e validade. Análise dos dados realizada utilizando-se estatística descritiva. A despeito de o banco fornecer dados relevantes sobre o consumo de ATM, este apresenta problemas que limitam ou dificultam sua análise. Os principais entraves encontrados foram: falta de padronização do nome e descrição dos ATM, presença de informações diversas no campo de descrição da apresentação e ausência de dados individualizados anonimizados. O SNGPC é uma importante fonte de dados do consumo de ATM no Brasil, tendo em vista que farmácias e drogarias privadas são as principais fontes de acesso da população a esses medicamentos. No entanto, o SNGPC necessita de melhorias que facilitem sua utilização por pesquisadores, gestores e profissionais de saúde, possibilitando a realização de estudos mais robustos e o monitoramento sistemático do consumo de ATM para subsidiar estratégias de combate à resistência microbiana.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the quality of the database regarding antimicrobials from the Brazilian National Controlled Products Management System (SNGPC) available in the public domain and propose improvements. This was an exploratory and descriptive study of antimicrobial sales records from Brazilian private pharmacies, conducted from June 2017 to 2020. Three quality dimensions were considered: completeness, methodological clarity, and validity. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Although the database offers valuable information on antimicrobial consumption, it also poses several challenges that hinder or complicate the analysis. The main obstacles found were: a lack of standardization of the name and description of antimicrobials, the presence of different information in the presentation description field, and the absence of anonymized individualized data. The SNGPC is a key data source on antimicrobial consumption in Brazil, as private pharmacies and drugstores are the population’s primary sources of access to these medications. However, the SNGPC requires improvements to facilitate its use by researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals. These improvements would enable more comprehensive studies and support the systematic monitoring of antimicrobial consumption, contributing to strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR).