ABSTRACT This study was conducted under the qualitative paradigm, employing data collection techniques, description, analysis, and interpretation, with a participatory action and rural participatory diagnostic design. The general objective was to determine the impact of innovation on sustainable agri-food systems. The "working with people" model was followed to engage with farmers and diagnose the advantages, strengths, and challenges they face in implementing innovation policies, specifically in educational innovation, using training and capacity-building methodologies for farmers, support teams, and technical assistance. It was concluded that educational innovation is the central axis to be integrated for the transformation of sustainable and resilient food systems, ensuring food sovereignty. Such innovation enables the development of conservation family farming, with respect for nature, genetic resources, and the cultural identity of rural areas.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo se desarrolló bajo el paradigma cualitativo, con la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de datos, descripción, análisis e interpretación, con un diseño de acción-participativa y diagnostico rural participativo. El objetivo general se desarrolló en función de la determinación del impacto de la innovación en los sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles. Se siguió el modelo de trabajo con la gente (working with people) para vincularse con los agricultores y de esa forma diagnosticar las ventajas, fortalezas y dificultades que presentan para implementar políticas de innovación, particularizada a la innovación educativa, con metodologías de formación y capacitación a los agricultores, equipos de apoyo y asistencia técnica. Se concluyó que la innovación educativa es el eje central a integrar para la transformación de los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles, resilientes, garantizando la soberanía alimentaria, ya que tal innovación permite el desarrollo de la agricultura familiar de conservación, con respeto a la naturaleza, recursos genéticos y la identidad cultural de las zonas rurales.

There is growing evidence that soil degradation, among other factors, has led to both the decline and constraint of agriculture in southern Africa. Conservation and regenerative agriculture (CA/RA) have been proposed as a grain crop production system that could slow down, halt or even reverse some of these disturbing trends. But the question remains whether it is financially viable. We sought to find an answer to this question by comparing the financial returns of a CA/RA system over a 20-year period to its alternatives, namely conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) production systems. The cumulative free cash flow (CFCF) of the average between the realistic and conservative CA/RA scenarios in year 20 is considerably higher than that of the other systems under investigation. The CFCF for CA/RA in year 20 in Mpumalanga is estimated to be ZAR86 million, compared to -ZAR51 million for CT and about ZAR4 million for NT. That is a net difference between ZAR137 million (compared to CT) and ZAR82 million (compared to NT). In the Maluti area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR26 million, compared to -ZAR66 million for CT and -ZAR19 million for NT. In the North-West production area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR35 million, compared to -ZAR9 million for CT and about ZAR21 million for NT. The differences between the CFCF of the CA/RA system and the other systems represent the financial opportunity cost of not converting to the CA/RA system. SIGNIFICANCE: • Soil degradation leads to both the decline and constraint of agriculture in southern Africa. • Conservation and regenerative agriculture (CA/RA) have been proposed as a grain crop production system that could slow down, halt or even reverse some of these disturbing trends. • CA/RA are financially more viable in three grain production areas of South Africa. • The cumulative free cash flow (CFCF) CA/RA in year 20 is considerably higher than that of the other systems. • The differences between the CFCF of the CA/RA system and the other systems represent the financial opportunity cost of not converting to the CA/RA system.

Abstract Background: Agroforestry systems integrate agricultural, forestry and cultural diversity and have been little studied in coastal regions of Mexico. The SA managed by mixtecs and afro-mexicans are unknown. Questions: Which agroforestry systems are found in Mixtec and Afro-Mexican communities? Which are the forms of management, agricultural and agroforestry practices and useful species in agroforestry systems? Studied species: Various. Study site and dates: Santa María Chicometepec, Cerro de la Esperanza, Collantes, Santa Elena Comaltepec, San Agustín Chayuco, Santiago Tetepec, Oaxaca. October 2021 to October 2022. Methods: Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted with local specialists in three Mixtec and three Afro-Mexican communities. Questions were asked about traditional agroforestry systems, agricultural, agroforestry and management practices, and useful species. Tours and collections of herbarium specimens were carried out. Each system was described, management and agroforestry practices were categorized; and the number of useful species by category of use and cultural group was recorded. Results: Six agroforestry systems were recorded and described: milpa, pastures, plots, acahuales; piñal and coconut. Agricultural practices in Mixtec communities are carried out with basic tools and inputs and the production is for self-consumption and local sale, while in Afro-Mexican communities they are technical, and their destination is regional sale. The most common agroforestry practices were the boundaries and isolated trees. Conclusions: The cultural groups share agroforestry systems, forms of management, and number of useful species is similar, but they differ in agricultural practices. In the agroforestry systems, edible and timber species (firewood, poles, fences, construction) are mainly conserved.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los sistemas agrosilvícolas (SA) integran diversidad agrícola, forestal y cultural. En regiones costeras de México han sido poco estudiados, particularmente los manejados por mixtecos y afromexicanos de la costa de Oaxaca. Preguntas: ¿Qué SA se encuentran en comunidades mixtecas y afromexicanas?, ¿Cuáles son las especies útiles, formas de manejo, prácticas agrícolas y agroforestales de los SA? Especies de estudio: Diversas. Sitio y años de estudio: Santa María Chicometepec, Cerro de la Esperanza, Collantes, Santa Elena Comaltepec, San Agustín Chayuco, Santiago Tetepec, Oaxaca. Octubre 2021 a octubre 2022. Métodos: Se realizaron 60 entrevistas semiestructuradas a especialistas locales en tres comunidades mixtecas y tres afromexicanas. Se preguntó acerca de especies útiles, sistemas agrosilvícolas, prácticas agrícolas, agroforestales y de manejo. Se realizaron recorridos y colectas de ejemplares de herbario. Se describió cada sistema por sus prácticas agroforestales y de manejo. Se registró el número de especies útiles por categoría de uso y grupo cultural. Resultados: Se documentaron y describieron seis SA: milpa, potreros, solares, acahuales, piñal y cocotal. Las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades mixtecas se realizan con herramientas e insumos básicos y la producción tiene un fin de autoconsumo y venta local, mientras que en comunidades afromexicanas son tecnificadas y su destino es la venta regional. Linderos y árboles aislados fueron las prácticas agroforestales más comunes. Conclusiones: Mixtecos y Afromexicanos comparten SA, formas de manejo y prácticas agroforestales, difieren en las prácticas agrícolas. En los SA se conservan principalmente especies comestibles y maderables. El número de especies útiles es similar en comunidades mixtecas y afromexicanas.

ABSTRACT The livestock productive landscape encompassing Playada, La Piedad, San Francisco, and La Rafaela estates in the western region of Paraguay emerges as a representative model with capabilities for both production and conservation of ecosystem services. Through categorization using ArcGIS 10.3, it was identified that grasslands and savannas cover approximately 35% of the total area, around 5,716 hectares. The study, based on landscapescale homogeneity, allowed for the analysis of physical characteristics, distribution, coverage, and anthropogenic pressures in five Homogeneous Environmental Units (HEUs). The characterization of ecosystem services revealed that forest remnants provide regulation, provisioning, and cultural services, while grasslands are the primary providers of supporting services. Technical profiles were generated for each HEU, and conservation strategies such as agroforestry systems and land planning, derived from sustainable production, were proposed for the benefit of both producers and ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dynamics of productive landscapes for resource optimization and long-term sustainability.

RESUMEN El paisaje productivo ganadero en las fincas Playada, La Piedad, San Francisco y La Rafaela, región occidental de Paraguay, se erige como modelo representativo con aptitudes para producción y conservación de servicios ecosistémicos. Mediante categorización con ArcGIS 10.3, se identificó que los pastizales y sabanas cubren aproximadamente el 35% del área total, alrededor de 5,716 hectáreas. El estudio, basado en homogeneidad a escala paisaje, permitió analizar características físicas, distribución, cobertura y presiones antrópicas en cinco Unidades Ambientales Homogéneas (UAH). La caracterización de servicios ecosistémicos reveló que los remanentes boscosos proveen servicios de regulación, provisión y culturales, mientras que los pastizales son los principales proveedores de servicios de soporte. Con fichas técnicas para cada UAH, se propusieron estrategias de conservación como sistemas silvopastoriles y planificación predial, derivadas de la producción sostenible, en beneficio de productores y ecosistemas, subrayando la importancia del conocimiento de la dinámica de paisajes productivos para la optimización de recursos y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo.

Resumen El Repositorio Nacional de Materiales Orales consiste en una base de datos electrónica y una serie de interfaces de captura y consulta de información en línea. En este trabajo se abordarán los antecedentes del Repositorio con las discusiones teóricas y prácticas que permitieron su elaboración. También se presentará una breve revisión de su desarrollo y se tratarán algunos aspectos vinculados a su funcionalidad.

Abstract The National Repository of Oral Materials is an electronic database and a series of interfaces for capturing and consulting information online. In this work the antecedents of the Repository will be approached with the theoretical and practical discussions that allowed its elaboration. A brief review of its development will also be presented, and some aspects related to its functionality will be discussed.

Résumé Le Dépôt National de Documents Oraux se compose d'une base de données électronique et d'une série d'interfaces de saisie et de consultation d'informations en ligne. Ce document aborde l'historique du dépôt et les discussions théoriques et pratiques qui ont conduit à son développement. Il présentera également une brève revue de son développement et discutera de certains aspects liés à sa fonctionnalité.

ABSTRACT Our rich intangible cultural heritage, folklore, and traditional knowledge thrive as living traditions that evolve and transmit intergenerationally, not fading relics of the past. They manifest our history while shaping the future - today’s traditions progress from our past, just as today’s advances will become tomorrow’s traditions. As philosopher Friedrich von Hayek elucidated, traditions organically arise in a locality, becoming invaluable resources constituting national wealth. Consequently, communities and nations with abundant cultural riches increasingly demand safeguarding these creative traditions and knowledge systems. Considering the above, this article examines intangible cultural heritage and cultural analysis. The academic exploration delved into multifaceted dimensions of the phenomena aiming to unravel complexities surrounding intangible cultural heritage conservation. Overall, it was found that vibrant intangible heritage, being locally rooted and evolving, calls for nuanced, adaptive safeguarding approaches rather than fixation in some static envisioning of tradition - the continuum between past and future necessitates careful negotiation.

RESUMEN El rico patrimonio cultural inmaterial, folclore y conocimientos tradicionales prosperan como tradiciones vivas que evolucionan y se transmiten intergeneracionalmente, no como reliquias del pasado que se desvanecen. Manifiestan nuestra historia al mismo tiempo que dan forma al futuro: las tradiciones de hoy provienen de nuestro pasado, de la misma manera que los avances de hoy se convertirán en las tradiciones del mañana. Como aclaró el filósofo Friedrich von Hayek, las tradiciones surgen orgánicamente en una localidad y se convierten en recursos invaluables que constituyen la riqueza nacional. En consecuencia, las comunidades y naciones con abundantes riquezas culturales exigen cada vez más salvaguardar estas tradiciones creativas y sistemas de conocimiento. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, este artículo examina el patrimonio cultural inmaterial y el análisis cultural. La exploración académica profundizó en las dimensiones multifacéticas de los fenómenos con el objetivo de desentrañar las complejidades que rodean la conservación del patrimonio cultural inmaterial. En general, se encontró que el vibrante patrimonio intangible, al estar arraigado localmente y en evolución, requiere enfoques de salvaguardia matizados y adaptativos en lugar de fijación en alguna visión estática de la tradición: la continuidad entre el pasado y el futuro requiere una negociación cuidadosa.

Abstract Background: Traditional Agroforestry Systems in Mexico are diverse and contribute to the conservation of vegetation and also to the well-being of rural communities. However, the Traditional Agroforestry Systems of the Tropical Deciduous Forest, have been poorly documented, particularly those of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico. Questions: What are the Traditional Agroforestry Systems present in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve?; what agricultural and forestry elements are characteristic of each one of them?; what socio-ecological benefits do they provide to communities?; how do they contribute to the conservation of Tropical Dry Forest in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico? Studied species: Several of Tropical Deciduous Forest. Study site and dates: Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, México. 2014-2022. Methods: Literature review, ethnobotanical hikes and semi-structured interviews. With this information, a classification was made based on the number of species present, management strategies and agroforestry practices. Results: Six Traditional Agroforestry Systems were documented (Homegardens, Milpas, Agrosilvopastoral Systems, Pitayeras, Bursera Agroforestry System, and Tlacololes). In these, 514 species of plants are managed, which contribute to satisfying the diverse needs of the communities and provide several environmental benefits. Conclusions: Traditional Agroforestry Systems of the south region of Morelos, contribute to the conservation of the Tropical Deciduous Forest and help to maintain biocultural diversity in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los Sistemas Agroforestales Tradicionales en México son diversos y constribuyen a la conservación de la vegetación y también al bienestar de las personas de comunidades rurales. Sin embargo los Sistemas Agroforestales Tradicionales del Bosque Tropical han sido poco documentados, particularmente los de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son los Sistemas Agroforestales Tradicionales presentes en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla?; ¿qué elementos agrícolas y forestales son característicos de cada uno de ellos?; ¿qué beneficios socioecológicos proveen a las comunidades?; ¿cómo contribuyen a la conservación del Bosque Tropical Caducifolio en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla? Especies de estudio: Varias del Bosque Tropical Caducifolio Sitio y año de estudio: Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, México. 2021-2022. Métodos: Revisión de literatura, recorridos etnobotánicos y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Con esta información se realizó una clasificación en función del número de especies presentes, estrategias de manejo y prácticas agroforestales. Resultados: Se documentaron seis Sistemas Agroforestales Tradicionales (Huertos, Milpas, Sistemas Agrosilvopastoriles, Pitayeras, Sistema Agroforestal de Burseras y Tlacololes). En éstos se manejan 514 especies de plantas, las cuales contribuyen a satisfacer diversas necesidades de las comunidades y proveen diversos beneficios ambientales. Conclusiones: Los Sistemas Agroforestales Tradicionales contribuyen a la conservación del BTC y ayudan a mantener la diversidad biocultural en la REBIOSH.

Abstract Background: Inland sand dunes are expanding and increasing mobility. Knowledge on the plants growing on them is keystone for their management. One of the largest inland dune systems in Mexico is the Médanos de Samalayuca area. Questions: How many and which species of vascular plants are in Samalayuca? Which is the distribution pattern of that flora? Are there endemisms? Are there species of conservation concern? Studied species: Vascular plants. Study site and dates: Médanos de Samalayuca protected area, northern Chihuahua, Mexico; 2017-2022. Methods: A database was generated based on literature, electronic sources, herbarium specimens, photographing, and collection and identification of materials. Distribution, endemism level and conservation status were recorded. Results: The updated checklist of vascular plants for Samalayuca includes 400 species of 246 genera and 65 families. Most species grow in Mixed desert scrub and in Sand dune vegetation. Almost a half are restricted to the Megamexico 1 region, followed by the North American element. One species is Threatened according to the Mexican Official Norm NOM-059, while two are Vulnerable and one is Almost threatened according to the IUCN. Ribes fontinale appears to be extinct. Conclusions: Considering the arid, extreme climate and the low stability of the psammophilous vegetation, the flora of Samalayuca is richer than expected. The area is home to regional and local endemics. The data and information generated here is baseline for further management programs and action planning to protect these fragile ecosystems and the adjacent communities.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las dunas de arena de interior se están expandiendo e incrementando movilidad. El conocimiento sobre sus plantas es clave para su manejo. En México, uno de los mayores sistemas de dunas de interior es el área de los Médanos de Samalayuca. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas y cuáles especies de plantas vasculares hay en Samalayuca? ¿Qué patrón de distribución presenta esa flora? ¿Hay endemismos? ¿Existen especies en estado de riesgo? Especies de estudio: Plantas vasculares. Sitio y años de estudio: Área de protección Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua, México; 2017-2022. Métodos: Se generó una base de datos con base en revisión de literatura, fuentes electrónicas, especímenes de herbario, fotografías y colección e identificación de material botánico. Se registró la distribución, grado de endemismo y estado de conservación de cada especie. Resultados: La lista florística incluye 400 especies de 246 géneros y 65 familias. La mayoría crecen en Matorral desértico micrófilo y en Vegetación de dunas arenosas. Casi la mitad se restringen a la región conocida como Megamexico 1 y 32 % son Norteamericanas. Una está Amenazada de acuerdo a la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059, mientras dos son Vulnerables y una Casi amenazada de acuerdo a la IUCN. Ribes fontinale parece estar extinta. Conclusiones: Considerando el clima árido y extremo y la inestabilidad de la vegetación psamófila, la flora de Samalayuca es más rica de lo esperado. El área alberga endemismos regionales y locales. La información generada puede apoyar programas de manejo y acciones para proteger estos frágiles ecosistemas.

ABSTRACT Livestock systems at Region Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo depend on forage conservation during the spring-summer season, generally with low nutritional quality to animal requirements. To reduce nutrient loss, additives are commonly used, being spent brewery yeast a potential additive. Therefore, a study was carried out with the inclusion of two spent brewer’s yeast (Lager and Ale) as an additive in pasture mini silos compared to two commercial additives (SiloSolve MC™ and Josilac grass™) and mini silo without additive. It was observed that spent brewer’s yeast has a negative effect on crude protein and metabolizable energy, contents that decreased to 9.8% and 2.5%, respectively, compared to control. However, Ale yeast declined faster and maintained lower pH levels below 4.1. Spent brewer’s yeast do not improve nutritional quality, however decreased pH levels of pasture silage. Therefore, it should be noted that the effect of spent brewer’s yeasts has been insufficiently evaluated. Thus, is still a lack of trials within large scale of silage conservation and its effects on animal feed performance.

Summary The co-evolution of plants, environment and cultures makes possible the existence of plant varieties known as landraces. Dynamically conserved by farmers, landraces constitute identity elements of the productive communities in which they are maintained to satisfy nutritional, medicinal, and cultural needs, among others. This study provides empirical evidence for the understanding of cultural processes and traditional knowledge associated with the cultivation of native varieties, developed and shared by family farmers in three Uruguayan towns, in a context of homogenization of agrodiversity. Based on the analysis of interviews and observation, results indicate that there are productive as well as affective and emotional reasons for in situ conservation of many native varieties integrated into production systems and worlds of life of two types of farmers: traditional and neo-rural. Both types of farmers produce knowledge, practices and meanings linked to the native varieties that they treasure as their own resources in an interdependence between nature and community. coevolution co evolution plants nutritional medicinal needs others towns agrodiversity observation neorural. neorural neo rural. rural neo-rural community

Resumen La co-evolución de plantas, ambientes y culturas hace posible la existencia de variedades vegetales denominadas criollas. Conservadas de forma dinámica por agricultores, constituyen elementos identitarios de las comunidades productivas en las que son mantenidas para satisfacer necesidades alimenticias, medicinales, culturales, entre otras. Esta investigación aporta evidencias empíricas para la comprensión de los procesos culturales y conocimientos tradicionales asociados al cultivo de variedades criollas, desarrollados y compartidos por agricultores familiares en tres localidades uruguayas, en un contexto de homogeneización de la agrodiversidad. A partir del análisis de entrevistas e instancias de observación, los resultados indican que existen motivos productivos, a la vez que afectivos y emocionales para la conservación in situ de decenas de variedades criollas integradas a los sistemas productivos y mundos de vida de dos tipos de agricultores: tradicionales y neorrurales. Ambos tipos de productores desarrollan conocimientos, prácticas y significados vinculados a las variedades criollas que atesoran como recursos propios en procesos de interdependencia entre naturaleza y comunidad. coevolución co evolución plantas alimenticias medicinales otras uruguayas agrodiversidad observación neorrurales comunidad

ABSTRACT The coffee sector is estimated to have a retail market value in excess of USD 83 billion, and over 125 million jobs have been created in the global coffee chain. The coffee specialty market has recently increased significantly, generating opportunities to certify coffee beans produced by sustainable practices. This avoids practices potentially harmful to the environment. Agroforestry, organic farming, intercropping, and soil conservation strategies are examples of sustainable alternatives in the production of coffee. In this review, we focus on practices for the sustainable management of coffee plantations that can help farmers fight problems caused by global warming. More specifically, we address soil organic matter and microbiota, the use of Urochloa grass as intercrop in coffee plantations, shading systems (including agroforestry), and organic coffee production. We concluded that from the agronomic viewpoint, we already have production techniques that can replace traditional ones with significant advantages accruing to the quality of coffee orchard ecosystems. Nevertheless, we need scientific research efforts to deal with the existing gaps and the engagement of the whole coffee chain as a means of guaranteeing an adequate profit to those smallholders who adopt and maintain sustainable practice and are capable of bringing several positive changes to the coffee crop, including the use of microbia-based commercial products and new organic sources of nutrients to complement chemical fertilizers and improve coffee quality. 8 billion 12 significantly environment Agroforestry farming intercropping review warming specifically microbiota agroforestry, agroforestry , agroforestry) viewpoint ecosystems Nevertheless crop microbiabased microbia based 1

ABSTRACT. Brazil has high soil loss rates due to its tropical and subtropical climate characteristics. In this sense, soil use and management practices may minimize such losses. In this study, experimental plots were monitored for eight years in southern Brazil during natural rainfall events. Treatments were as follows: I) bare soil under conventional tillage, II) barley-oat/ soybeans succession under conventional tillage, III) oat-lupine-vetch/ maize succession under conventional tillage, IV) barley-oat/ soybeans succession under no-tillage, and V) oat-lupine-vetch/ maize succession under no-tillage. Data on rainfall amount and erosivity indices (EI30, EI20, and EI10) were subjected to regression analyses, evaluating the effects of climatic variables on soil and water losses. We could also analyze crop species, conventional and no-tillage systems, and winter and summer seasons. The highest soil and water losses occurred in treatments under conventional tillage. In addition, soybeans treatments increased soil and water losses. Maize under no-tillage was the most efficient practice, as it had soil losses (3.4 times) and water losses (1.5 times) lower than soybeans under conventional tillage. Rainfall amounts and EI30 were better correlated with soil and water losses in conventional tillage treatments. However, EI10 could better explain the soil losses from the conservationist treatment. ABSTRACT characteristics sense study events follows I II barleyoat/ barleyoat barley oat/ oat barley-oat III oatlupinevetch/ oatlupinevetch lupine vetch/ vetch oat-lupine-vetch IV notillage, notillage no V notillage. EI30, EI (EI30 EI20 analyses species systems seasons addition practice 3.4 34 3 4 (3. times 1.5 15 1 5 (1. EI3 However EI1 treatment (EI3 EI2 3. (3 1. (1 (EI (

Abstract This research aimed to understand the future of sustainable agricultural innovations, analyzing the technologies developed by EMBRAPA, in the conceptual light of innovation, sustainable economic development, and the entrepreneurial state. An exploratory and qualitative methodology was used to chronologically organize 1188 technological solutions, 363 patents and, 2043 cultivars. The method guided the application of a prospective scenario questionnaire adapted to the Likert-type SERVQUAL Scale. Based on the obtained results, a tendency to invest in improved water catchment systems, intelligent irrigation, heat and drought tolerant varieties, soil management technologies, biological pest control, use of renewable raw materials, and genetic improvement was observed. Finally, investments in methodologies, processes, and expansion of EMBRAPA services were also prioritized, as well as the celebration of partnerships with agricultural groups, companies, and institutes. Based on all the information presented in this study, it is evident that EMBRAPA has already established technologies. However, it is more urgent and imperative than ever to invest and drive sustainable innovation, making it accessible to all Brazilian producers, and providing a prosperous future for production and conservation in the sector. innovations innovation development state 118 solutions 36 204 cultivars Likerttype Likert type Scale results systems irrigation varieties control materials observed Finally methodologies processes prioritized groups companies institutes study However producers sector 11 3 20 1 2

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em compreender o futuro das inovações agropecuárias sustentáveis, analisando as tecnologias desenvolvidas pela EMBRAPA, à luz conceitual da inovação, do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável e do Estado empreendedor. Utilizou-se uma metodologia exploratória e qualitativa para organizar cronologicamente 1188 soluções tecnológicas, 363 patentes e 2043 cultivares. O método guiou a aplicação de questionário prospectivo de cenários adaptado à Escala SERVQUAL do tipo Likert. A partir dos resultados obtidos observou-se uma tendência de investimentos em sistemas aprimorados de captação de água, irrigação inteligente, variedades tolerantes ao calor e seca, tecnologias de manejo de solo, controle biológico de pragas, uso de matérias-primas renováveis e melhoramento genético. Por fim, priorizaram-se também investimentos em metodologias, processos e ampliação de serviços da EMBRAPA, bem como a celebração de parcerias com grupos agropecuários, empresas e institutos. Com base em todas as informações apresentadas neste trabalho, é evidente que a EMBRAPA já possui tecnologias estabelecidas. Contudo, é mais urgente e imperativo do que nunca investir e impulsionar a inovação sustentável, tornando-a acessível a todos os produtores brasileiros, garantindo um futuro próspero de produção e conservação do setor. sustentáveis empreendedor Utilizouse Utilizou se 118 tecnológicas 36 204 cultivares Likert observouse observou água inteligente seca solo pragas matériasprimas matérias primas genético fim priorizaramse priorizaram metodologias agropecuários institutos trabalho estabelecidas Contudo tornandoa tornando brasileiros setor 11 3 20 1 2

ABSTRACT Promoting inclusive and effective governance in regional estuaries offers an encompassing challenge within the scope of Policy analysis and its interactions within socioecological research. The integrated approach for both theoretical elements has not easily been improved, despite the increase in analytical frameworks in this theme. The Paranaguá Bay Zone (PBZ) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, is composed of a few cities, several large, protected areas, and traditional communities. On the one hand, the intensification of real estate pressures in a low demographic region is creating a wave of value conversion regarding the trends of the coastal gentrification phenomenon, notwithstanding the lower degree of intensity when compared to other Brazilian estuaries. On the other hand, it shows a lack of political representation and institutional action at the subnational level. This asymmetrical process is strongly related to historical land development and the controversial process of implementing protected areas and zoning tools. Promoting the economic rise of the territory has affected traditional communities and conservation management, requiring permanent improvement in the ability for community mobilization and juridical vigilance in the face of impacts related to such pressure. In the meantime, scholars have considered knowledge building, which brings up assessment issues on how the decision-making process has been operated and what gaps and asymmetries can be revealed for further resilience analyses. This study is an effort to approach the performance of participative governance of the estuary and is restricted to a preliminary assessment of the participative management committees designed by legislation under area-based attributions. This study is not aimed at exploring the belief systems of different social groups/stakeholders. Results have a great emphasis on methodological building and testing, which revealed the importance of imposing an inventory and hierarchy model on the multiple committees of governance and their sectorization across adjacent areas. Results also underline variables of interest and pilot indicators in the subject under analysis. Preliminary results point to the need for overcoming methodological challenges, and findings that are useful as first evidence in the comprehension of the low performance by different committees, which often operate without any regular, systematic, integrated, transparent, legitimate, and permanent agenda of Policy activities for the PBZ fisheries territory. Qualitative data and institutional memoirs should be available and categorized in government programs, whereas research efforts that look to better recognize the idiosyncrasies of community realities under the pressures of non-transparent economic drivers are much needed. improved theme (PBZ Paraná Brazil cities large hand phenomenon level tools pressure meantime decisionmaking decision making analyses areabased area based attributions groupsstakeholders groups stakeholders groups/stakeholders testing challenges regular systematic transparent legitimate programs nontransparent non needed

ABSTRACT In hydrological modeling and for the development of projects related to soil and water conservation and civil engineering, determination of water infiltration variables into the soil plays a key role. However, measuring infiltration with manual infiltrometers is work-intensive and requires several people, which casts doubts on the consistency of the process description. Our objective was to develop automated and compact systems for data acquisition by double-concentric-ring and Cornell infiltrometers. The systems are based on air differential pressure sensors and microcontrollers using open-source software and a simple construction. We developed ten sets of automatic infiltrometers for each method that were properly calibrated. The equipment was validated in the field, and the alignment of the automatically measured with the hand-measured infiltration data was considered satisfactory. The proposed systems make data records of infiltration and associated variables possible, with less operator dependence than manual measurement strategies. In addition, the enhanced resolution resulting from infiltrometer automation makes the infiltration curve more representative, especially in the initial infiltration stage. engineering role However workintensive work intensive people description doubleconcentricring double concentric ring opensource open source construction calibrated field handmeasured hand satisfactory possible strategies addition representative stage