Abstract Restorative circles are practices that make it possible to manage conflicts by involving and promoting the active participation of all the actors involved. Through words and dialogue, members come together to reflect on the conflict and its consequences, in order to recover the victims, reconcile the parties and promote coexistence. Despite the conception of circles as good conflict resolution strategies in educational institutions, the benefits in secondary education are unknown. The objectives of the systematic review were: (1) to identify and analyse the studies that present the implementation of restorative circles in secondary schools, (2) to know their benefits and (3) to propose elements of improvement for their study. The methodology was based on the PRISMA recommendations, using the WOS, Scopus, ERIC and Dialnet plus databases. Fifteen research studies were identified. The results show benefits for pupils such as the creation of safe spaces, the fostering of positive relationships and the development of communication and emotional skills. Benefits were found for teachers, educational institutions and the community. It is concluded that restorative circles bring benefits to all members involved and underlines the need for further research and longitudinal studies to deepen the understanding of their impacts in educational settings.

Resumen Los círculos restaurativos son prácticas que posibilitan gestionar los conflictos, implicando y promoviendo la participación activa de todos los agentes involucrados. Mediante la palabra y el diálogo, los miembros se reúnen para reflexionar acerca del conflicto y de las consecuencias que se derivan, con el fin de recuperar a las víctimas, reconciliar a las partes y favorecer la convivencia. A pesar de concebir los círculos como buenas estrategias de resolución del conflicto en las instituciones educativas, se desconoce cuáles son los beneficios en la educación secundaria. Los objetivos de la revisión sistemática fueron: (1) identificar y analizar los estudios que exponen la implementación de los círculos restaurativos en centros educativos de secundaria, (2) conocer sus beneficios y (3) proponer elementos de mejora para su estudio. La metodología se basó en las recomendaciones PRISMA, utilizando las bases de datos WOS, Scopus, ERIC y Dialnet plus. Se identificaron quince investigaciones. Los resultados evidencian beneficios para los alumnos como la creación de espacios seguros, el fomento de relaciones positivas y el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y emocionales. Se encontraron beneficios en el profesorado, las instituciones educativas y la comunidad. Se concluye que los círculos restaurativos aportan beneficios a todos los miembros implicados y se subraya la necesidad de realizar investigaciones adicionales y estudios longitudinales para profundizar en la comprensión de sus impactos en los entornos educativos.

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, several working-class neighborhoods in the City of Buenos Aires have experienced a specific policing strategy, which includes, among other elements, the deployment of federal military forces. Objective: This article examines the role of the Neighbourhood Prevention Units of the Argentine National Gendarmerie in two working-class neighborhoods of Buenos Aires during the mobility restrictions imposed between May 2020 and June 2021 to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative approach based on the statistical analysis of police incident records, this study aims to describe the impact of proximity policing deployments in highly socially vulnerable contexts and to account for the transformations in policing practices brought about by the public health emergency. Conclusions: The findings reveal that law enforcement officers experienced an increased workload due to population control and public health enforcement responsibilities in the context of the pandemic. Additionally, the study describes practices associated with conflict resolution and addressing social demands and issues, which extend beyond crime suppression and the social control of marginalized populations, a type of work that became particularly prominent during the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: algunos barrios populares de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires tienen desde hace unos años un policiamiento específico que incluye, entre otras cosas, el despliegue de fuerzas federales de carácter militar. Objetivo: este artículo examina el papel de las Unidades de Prevención Barrial de la Gendarmería Nacional Argentina en dos barrios populares de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante las restricciones de movilidad impuestas entre mayo de 2020 y junio de 2021 para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19. Metodología: a través de una metodología cuantitativa basada en el análisis estadístico de registros de incidencias policiales, buscamos describir el impacto de los despliegues policiales de proximidad en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social y dar cuenta de las transformaciones en las prácticas policiales impuestas a raíz de la emergencia sanitaria. Conclusiones: el estudio muestra, en relación con la pandemia, una sobrecarga de trabajo de los efectivos vinculada a tareas de control poblacional y sanitaria. Por otro lado, se describen un conjunto de prácticas vinculadas a la resolución de conflictos y atención de demandas y problemáticas sociales que desbordan el accionar vinculado a la represión de delitos penales y el control social de poblaciones subalternas, un trabajo que fue especialmente visibilizado durante la pandemia.

Resumen Este estudio evaluó los efectos y impactos de un programa sobre prácticas educativas positivas en educadores sociales de instituciones de acogida de niños y adolescentes, denominado “Programa Cuida”. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental, con evaluaciones al inicio y al final de la intervención. La intervención consistió en ocho reuniones grupales semanales de dos horas cada una, incluyendo temas como regulación emocional, comunicación asertiva, estrategias de resolución de conflictos y autoestima/autoeficacia. Participaron 69 educadores sociales del sur de Brasil (F=54; M=15), con edades entre 23-65 años (M=44,86; SD=9,90), asignados al grupo experimental (GE=47) y en el grupo control (GC=22). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Habilidades Educativas, Emocionales y Sociales del Educador Social. Los análisis estadísticos indicaron que no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos después de la intervención y que no hubo diferencias entre antes y después de la intervención dentro de cada grupo (p>0,05). Sin embargo, se observó una tendencia de aumento (p=0,084) en las puntuaciones de Regulación Emocional entre pre y post intervención para el GE. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y se destaca la utilidad y aplicabilidad de este modelo de intervención para auxiliar en las políticas de formación de los profesionales que actúan en esta área.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou os efeitos e impactos de um programa em práticas educativas positivas em educadores sociais de instituições de acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes, denominado Programa Cuida. Utilizou-se um delineamento quase experimental, com avaliações em linha de base e ao final da intervenção. A intervenção consistiu em oito encontros grupais, com frequência semanal, de duas horas cada, considerando as temáticas regulação emocional, comunicação assertiva, estratégias de resolução de conflitos e autoestima/autoeficácia. Participaram 69 educadores sociais do sul do Brasil (F=54; M=15), com idade entre 23 e 65 anos (M=44,86; DP=9,90), sendo 47 participantes alocados no grupo experimental (GE) e 22 no grupo controle (GC). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Competências Educativas, Emocionais e Sociais do Educador Social. As análises estatísticas indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos após a intervenção e nem diferenças entre pré e pós-intervenção dentro de cada grupo (p>0,05). Entretanto, foi observada tendência de aumento (p=0,084) nos escores de Regulação Emocional entre pré e pós-intervenção para o GE. Limitações do estudo são discutidas e destaca-se a utilidade e aplicabilidade deste modelo de intervenção para auxiliar em políticas de capacitação de profissionais que atuam nesta área.

Abstract This study evaluated the effects and impacts of a program on positive educational practices in social educators of children and youth care institutions, called “Programa Cuida”. A quasi-experimental design was used, with baseline and post-intervention assessments. The intervention consisted of 8-weekly group sessions of two hours each, considering the topics emotional regulation, assertive communication, conflict resolution strategies and self-esteem/self-efficacy. Participated 69 social educators from the south of Brazil (F=54; M=15), aged between 23 and 65 years (M=44.86; SD=9.90), allocated to the Experimental Group (EG=47) and to the Control Group (CG=22). The instruments used were a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Educational, Emotional and Social Skills of the Social Educator Scale. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between groups after the intervention and no differences between pre and post-intervention within each group (p>0.05). However, an upward trend was observed (p=0.084) in the Emotional Regulation scores between pre and post-intervention for the EG. Study limitations are discussed, as well as the usefulness and applicability of this intervention model to assist in training policies for professionals who work in this area.

Abstract Law No. 21,563, of May 10, 2023, replaced the text of art. 131 of Law No. 20,720, adapting the procedure contemplated therein for the resolution of conflicts related to bankruptcy administration, to all those controversies derived from the ownership, possession or mere holding of the assets of third parties, which are affected by the effects of the seized bankruptcy, which until that moment - and in the absence of special regulations - had been raised through the application of the regulations on third party ownership and then possession contemplated in the Code of Civil Procedure, with strong jurisprudential and doctrinal questions as to their origin and legal nature. This new procedural channel, however, revives a series of questions that the legislator did not foresee and that this work seeks to elucidate, related to the different legal nature of the conflicts that must now be resolved within the framework of a single procedure, which the law qualifies as incidental, and the consequences that this generates.

Resumen La Ley N° 21.563, de 10 de mayo de 2023, reemplazó el texto del art. 131 de la Ley N° 20.720, adaptando el procedimiento que allí se contemplaba para la solución de conflictos relacionados con la administración concursal, a todas aquellas controversias derivadas del dominio, posesión o mera tenencia de los bienes de terceros, que resultan afectados por los efectos del concurso, las que hasta ese momento -y a falta de normas especiales- se venían planteando mediante la aplicación de las normas sobre tercerías de dominio y luego de posesión contempladas en el Código de Procedimiento Civil, con fuertes cuestionamientos jurisprudenciales y doctrinales en cuanto a su procedencia y naturaleza jurídica. Este nuevo cauce procesal, sin embargo, revive una serie de interrogantes que el legislador no previó y que este trabajo pretende dilucidar, relacionados con la distinta naturaleza jurídica de los conflictos que deben resolverse ahora en el marco de un único procedimiento, que la ley califica como incidental, y las consecuencias que ello genera.

RESUMEN El sector hotelero desempeña un papel crucial en el panorama económico de Azerbaiyán, siendo la gestión de servicios y la resolución de conflictos factores clave para determinar el éxito de las empresas hoteleras. Comprender la relación entre la conflictología y la rentabilidad hotelera es esencial para el crecimiento sostenible de este sector. Si bien el impacto de los conflictos en el desempeño organizacional se ha estudiado en varias industrias, existe una investigación limitada que aborde específicamente la influencia de la conflictología en la gestión de servicios y la rentabilidad en el contexto de la industria hotelera de Bakú. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar y evaluar la influencia de la conflictología en la gestión de servicios en hoteles de 3 y 4 estrellas en Bakú, centrándose en los factores que conducen a los despidos voluntarios y su posterior impacto en la rentabilidad del hotel. A través del análisis de correlación y regresión, el estudio revela una correlación muy alta entre las ganancias de los servicios del hotel y los elementos de costo relacionados con los conflictos. La investigación establece un modelo de regresión lineal estadísticamente significativo entre estos indicadores. El estudio identifica y cuantifica los efectos de varios factores relacionados con los conflictos, incluidos los despidos, el tiempo perdido, el sabotaje, los daños y la menor motivación de los empleados, en la rentabilidad general de los hoteles de Bakú. Los resultados destacan la importancia fundamental de optimizar los costos relacionados con los conflictos para el desarrollo de la industria hotelera en Bakú. Al gestionar eficazmente estos factores, las empresas hoteleras pueden aumentar significativamente sus ganancias y contribuir al crecimiento del sector. Esta investigación proporciona información valiosa para los gerentes de hoteles y los responsables de las políticas, y destaca la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias de resolución de conflictos y las prácticas de gestión de servicios para mejorar el desempeño económico de la industria hotelera en Bakú.

ABSTRACT The hospitality industry plays a crucial role in the economic landscape of Azerbaijan, with service management and conflict resolution being key factors in determining the success of hotel enterprises. Understanding the relationship between conflictology and hotel profitability is essential for sustainable growth in this sector. While the impact of conflicts on organizational performance has been studied in various industries, there is limited research specifically addressing the influence of conflictology on service management and profitability in the context of Baku's hotel industry. This study aims to analyze and assess the influence of conflictology on service management in 3- and 4-star hotels in Baku, focusing on the factors leading to voluntary dismissals and their subsequent impact on hotel profitability. Through correlation and regression analysis, the study reveals a very high correlation between hotel service profits and conflict-related cost elements. The research establishes a statistically significant linear regression model between these indicators. The study identifies and quantifies the effects of various conflict-related factors, including dismissals, lost time, sabotage, damage, and reduced employee motivation, on the overall profitability of Baku hotels. The findings highlight the critical importance of optimizing conflict-related costs for the development of the hotel industry in Baku. By effectively managing these factors, hotel enterprises can significantly increase their profits and contribute to the sector's growth. This research provides valuable insights for hotel managers and policymakers, emphasizing the need for improved conflict resolution strategies and service management practices to enhance the economic performance of the hospitality industry in Baku.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

ABSTRACT Interprofessional Education (IPE) is a strategy that contributes to shared learning among professions, promotes collaborative practices, positively influencing health actions and results. This phenomenological qualitative research aimed to understand how IPE is perceived in the curriculum of a Multiprofessional Residency in Primary Health Care (PHC), from the perspective of residents. All the second-year residents took part in semi-structured interviews (n = 10). The textual material produced was interpreted by content analysis, using Visual Qualitative Data Analysis software. PHC training enabled shared learning and working between different professions, expressed through interaction, exchange of knowledge and recognition of roles at work. Among the shared practices were case discussions, team meetings, multi-professional consultations, prenatal care, home visits, territory recognition and collective health promotion/education actions. Communication was highlighted as a fundamental element for collaborative teamwork and conflict resolution. Experiences of shared learning within multi-professional teams dedicated to caring for individuals, families, and communities, along with their interactions, confirm the power of PHC for the development of IPE. However, it is necessary to advance in curricula that express the pedagogical intention for IPE and in research that brings the perception of preceptors-tutors-coordination of the Program. (IPE professions results PHC, , (PHC) secondyear second year semistructured semi structured n 10. 10 . 10) analysis software interaction work discussions meetings multiprofessional multi professional consultations care visits promotioneducation promotion education resolution individuals families communities interactions However preceptorstutorscoordination preceptors tutors coordination Program (PHC 1

RESUMO Educação Interprofissional (EIP) é uma estratégia que contribui para o aprendizado compartilhado entre profissões, promove práticas colaborativas, influenciando positivamente ações e resultados em saúde. Esta pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica propôs-se a compreender como a EIP é percebida no currículo de uma Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), na perspectiva de residentes. Todos os residentes do segundo ano participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas (n = 10). O material textual produzido foi interpretado pela análise de conteúdo, utilizando o software Visual Qualitative Data Analysis. A formação na APS possibilitou o aprender-trabalhar compartilhado entre diferentes profissões, expresso pela interação, troca de saberes e reconhecimento dos papéis no trabalho. Entre as práticas compartilhadas, destacaram-se a discussão de casos, reuniões de equipe, consultas multiprofissionais, pré-natal, visitas domiciliares, reconhecimento do território e ações coletivas de promoção/educação em saúde. A comunicação foi evidenciada como elemento fundamental para o trabalho colaborativo em equipe e resolução de conflitos. Experiências de aprendizagem compartilhadas com equipes multiprofissionais que atuam no cuidado de pessoas-famílias-comunidade, com interação, confirmam a potência da APS para o desenvolvimento da EIP. Entretanto, é preciso avançar em currículos que expressem a intencionalidade pedagógica para a EIP e em pesquisas que tragam a percepção de preceptores-tutores-coordenação do Programa. (EIP profissões colaborativas saúde propôsse propôs se APS, , (APS) n 10. 10 . 10) conteúdo Analysis aprendertrabalhar aprender trabalhar interação destacaramse destacaram casos prénatal, prénatal pré natal, natal pré-natal domiciliares promoçãoeducação promoção educação conflitos pessoasfamíliascomunidade, pessoasfamíliascomunidade pessoas famílias comunidade, comunidade pessoas-famílias-comunidade Entretanto preceptorestutorescoordenação preceptores tutores coordenação Programa (APS 1

Abstract The socio-emotional skills (SES), as a multidimensional construct, contains different variables, cognitive and behavioral, which can be cognitive and enhanced. Mediation is a self-compositional method of conflict resolution that has the mediator as a third-party facilitator to provide a climate of pacification and mutual respect between the controversial parties. That, the use of professional socio-moral skills central role for writing for these mediation gains. The present study aimed to understand the use of socio-emotional skills by the media, contributing to self-composition. As for the method, it is an exploratory research, qualitative and field procedure, in which 5 (five professionals) mediators participated. Data were analyzed through a semi-structured interview using the IRaMuTeQ software. The results demonstrated how the SES of the mediators contribute to self-composition, in the sphere of emotional intelligence for self-awareness and self-control, and in the category of social skills for empathy and affective approach. socioemotional socio SES, , (SES) construct variables behavioral enhanced selfcompositional self compositional thirdparty third party parties That sociomoral moral gains media selfcomposition. selfcomposition composition. composition self-composition research procedure five professionals participated semistructured semi structured software selfcomposition, composition, selfawareness awareness selfcontrol, selfcontrol control, control self-control approach (SES

Resumo As habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) formam um constructo multidimensional, do qual contém variáveis emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais, que podem ser desenvolvidas e aprimoradas. A mediação é um método autocompositivo de solução de conflitos que tem o mediador como terceiro facilitador para proporcionar um clima de pacificação e respeito mútuo entre as partes controversas. Por isso, a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais por esses profissionais ganha papel central para a efetividade da mediação. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender como a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais pelos mediadores contribui para a autocomposição. Quanto ao método, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e de campo, tendo participado 5 (cinco) profissionais mediadores. Os dados foram coletados por uma entrevista semiestruturada, no formato remoto, e foram analisados pela Análise Lexicométrica através software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados demonstraram como as HSE dos mediadores contribuem para a autocomposição, na esfera da inteligência emocional pela autoconsciência e autocontrole, e na categoria das habilidades sociais pela empatia e abordagem afetiva. (HSE multidimensional emocionais comportamentais aprimoradas controversas isso assim autocomposição tratase trata se exploratória campo cinco (cinco semiestruturada remoto IRaMuTeQ autocontrole afetiva

Resumen El artículo ofrece una exploración del papel jugado por el Departamento del Trabajo de la provincia de Buenos Aires y la Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión en la resolución de una serie de conflictos que involucraron a los empresarios y trabajadores del partido de Olavarría entre 1937 y 1949. Por medio del análisis de una serie de expedientes administrativos y de noticias publicadas en la prensa local, el trabajo pondera las capacidades que poseían los funcionarios de estas reparticiones para intervenir en cuestiones laborales y reconstruye la experiencia del Estado de los trabajadores en un período de profundas transformaciones sociales y políticas. A través de un estudio de caso y de fuentes poco explotadas por la historiografía, esta investigación aspira a echar nueva luz sobre los cambios y continuidades que produjo el peronismo en la vida de los trabajadores argentinos.

Abstract The article offers an exploration of the role played by the Departamento de Trabajo of Buenos Aires province and the Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión in the resolution of a series of conflicts involving employers and workers in Olavarría between 1937 and 1949. Through the analysis of administrative files and news published in the local press, the paper considers the capacities of the officials of these departments to intervene in labor issues and reconstructs the workers experience of the State in a period of deep social and political transformations. Through a case study and sources underexploited by historiography, this research aims to shed new light on the changes and continuities that Peronism produced in the life of Argentine workers.

RESUMEN Este artículo describe eventos narrativos relacionados con el modo en que estudiantes-profesores de lenguas extranjeras afrontan el conflicto y la reconciliación en las aulas durante su práctica pedagógica, en Bogotá-Colombia. Se aproxima, desde una epistemología narrativa de investigación, a saberes personales, alrededor de cómo se llega a ser docente de lenguas en contextos de enseñanza donde la reconciliación social está en juego. Para ello, se obtuvieron los eventos narrativos a través de 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas con estudiantes de Licenciaturas en Lenguas Extranjeras de dos universidades de Bogotá, entre junio y diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó como apoyo para el análisis el software Nvivo12. Por medio de este, se realizaron codificaciones abiertas y axiales que muestran una textura sólida y concluyente del saber emergente que construyen los estudiantes-profesores en sus prácticas. Se destaca dentro de los resultados la toma de consciencia de los estudiantes-profesores sobre las acciones que favorecen la convivencia pacífica en el aula. También son relevantes los posicionamientos que hacen sobre su rol como profesores en la construcción de la paz, posturas que cuestionan el concepto de paz neutra, referente teórico de partida. En conclusión, se reconoce que los estudiantes-profesores se aproximan a pedagogías contra-hegemónicas y rehumanizantes. Ellos expresan la necesidad de tener en cuenta las realidades de sus estudiantes al enseñar inglés. Esta disposición los acerca a una construcción de paz.

ABSTRACT This paper describes narrative events related to how Colombian student teachers of English face conflict in classrooms during their pedagogical practicum. Twelve semi-structured interviews were obtained from students who belonged to bachelor programs from 2 universities in Bogota between June and December 2018. Narratives obtained were related to how conflicts were approached and their management in the practicum context. Nvivo 12 Software was empoyed to support data analysis. Some results reveal that practitioners were conscious of actions favoring peaceful coexistence in the classroom. Moreover, the positioning of student teachers was relevant to their role as foreign language teachers in the construction of peace. The positionings they assume as language teachers for peacebuilding are also relevant, dispositions that question the concept of Neutral Peace as a starting theoretical base. In conclusion, student-teachers approach counter-hegemonic and re-humanizing pedagogies through discourse and practice. They express the necessity to consider their students' realities when teaching English. This provision brings them closer to peacebuilding.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como propósito establecer la forma en que la inteligencia emocional y los valores pueden ser aprovechados en la solución de conflictos y la construcción de escenarios de paz de niños y docentes del área rural, para lo cual se abordó el caso del municipio colombiano de Chitagá (Norte de Santander), en el que se presenta escaza atención institucional infantil y baja solución de conflictos en el ámbito escolar. Para ello se utilizó enfoque cualitativo basado en un diseño etnográfico, con un muestreo aleatorio de participantes para la aplicación de instrumentos. El procesamiento y análisis de la información se realizó con ayuda de una matriz de antecedentes y otra matriz de categorización axial. Como resultado se obtuvo el diseño de una propuesta pedagógica dirigida a la educación de la primera infancia en actitudes y valores para la construcción de paz en entidades educativas y de salud.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to establish how emotional intelligence and values can be used in conflict resolution and the construction of peace scenarios for children and teachers in rural áreas, for which the caseof the Colombian municipality of Chitagá (Norte de Santande)r, in which there is little institutional care for children and low resolution of conflicts in the school setting, was addressed. To this end, a qualitative approach based on an ethnographic design was used, with a random sampling of participants for the application of instruments. The information was processed and analysed using a background matrix and an axial categorization matrix. As a result, the design of a pedagogical proposal aimed at the education of early childhood in attitudes and values for peace-building in educational and health entities was obtained.

Resumo Introdução: O sofrimento psicológico entre adolescentes e estratégias para a promoção da saúde mental existem e são necessários. Objetivo: Caracterizar as demandas emocionais de adolescentes escolares e descrever o conhecimento sobre fatores protetores da saúde mental. Métodos: Pesquisa sociopoética com 30 adolescentes. Resultados: Temas de análise: “Questões de interesse sobre emoções e saúde mental”; “Lidar com o stresse e a ansiedade”; “Reflexões sobre resolução de conflitos e problemas enfrentados”; e “Conhecimento sobre fatores de proteção da saúde mental”. Conclusões: As atividades recreativas e artísticas são potentes para a promoção da saúde mental dos adolescentes e podem ser implementadas através da parceria escola/serviço de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: El sufrimiento psicológico entre adolescentes y estrategias para la promoción de la salud mental existe y es necesario. Objetivo: Caracterizar las demandas emocionales de adolescentes escolares y describir conocimientos sobre factores protectores de la salud mental. Métodos: Investigación sociopoética con 30 adolescentes. Resultados: Temas de análisis: “Cuestiones de interés sobre emociones y salud mental”; “Cómo afrontar el estrés y la ansiedad”; “Reflexiones sobre la resolución de conflictos y problemas enfrentados”; y “Conocimiento sobre factores protectores de la salud mental”. Conclusiones: Las actividades recreativas y artísticas son poderosas para la promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes y pueden implementarse a través de la asociación escuela-servicio de salud.

Abstract Introduction: Psychological suffering among adolescents and strategies for the promotion of mental health exists and is necessary. Aim: To characterize the emotional demands of school adolescents and describe knowledge about protective factors of mental health. Methods: Sociopoetic research with 30 adolescents. Results/Analysis topics: “Questions of interest about emotions and mental health”; “Dealing with stress and anxiety”; “Reflections on conflict resolution and problems faced”; and “Knowledge about protective factors of mental health”. Conclusions: Recreational and artistic activities are powerful for the promotion of adolescent mental health, and can be implemented through the school-health service partnership.

Resumen En la sociedad del siglo XXI, autores como Lewis Coser, Erich Fromm, George Balandier, Randall Collins, Elton McNeil, Galtung, entre otros, han dedicado su atención al tema del conflicto, el cual ha cobrado relevancia dentro de las ciencias sociales. Con el fin de aportar evidencia empírica a este tema, se llevó a cabo la presente investigación en el personal docente de un Centro temático de la Universidad de Guadalajara, para lo cual se aplicó el cuestionario Escala de solución del conflicto de Rojo (2019) para realizar un análisis de tipo cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo con medidas de tendencia central sobre variables socioeconómicas y un análisis factorial exploratorio para los reactivos del cuestionario. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario muestra validez estadística y es representativo de la población analizada, por lo que el constructo teórico es aplicable al escenario universitario.

Resumo Na sociedade do século XXI, autores como Lewis Coser, Erich Fromm, George Balandier, Randall Collins, Elton McNeil, Galtung, entre outros, têm dedicado a sua atenção ao tema do conflito, que tem ganho relevância no âmbito das ciências sociais. Com o objetivo de fornecer evidências empíricas sobre este tema, esta pesquisa foi realizada entre docentes de um Centro Temático da Universidade de Guadalajara, para o qual foi aplicado o questionário Escala de Resolução de Conflitos de Rojo (2019) para realizar um levantamento quantitativo e cruzado. análise seccional. Da mesma forma, foi realizada análise descritiva com medidas de tendência central nas variáveis socioeconômicas e análise fatorial exploratória para os itens do questionário. Os resultados indicam que o questionário apresenta validade estatística e é representativo da população analisada, portanto o construto teórico é aplicável ao ambiente universitário.

Abstract In the 21st century society, a topic that has gained relevance within the social sciences is that of conflict, for which authors such as Lewis Coser, Erich Fromm, George Balandier, Randall Collins, Elton McNeil, Galtung, among others have dedicated themselves to address it. In order to provide empirical evidence to the subject, the present investigation was carried out in the teaching staff of a thematic Center of the University of Guadalajara, where the Conflict Resolution Scale questionnaire of Rojo. (2019), to carry out a quantitative, cross-sectional analysis where a descriptive analysis was carried out with measures of central tendency on socioeconomic variables and exploratory factor analysis for the questionnaire items, it was found that the questionnaire shows statistical validity and is representative. of the population analyzed so that the theoretical construct is applicable to the university setting.

Conflict is an integral part of school management and its existence must not be shunned as it stimulates creative and innovative ways of thinking which enhance organisational growth and performance. The purpose of the study reported on here was to investigate how education managers executed Thomas and Kilmann's model in managing and resolving conflicts in schools to avert chaos and anarchy with the ultimate intention of enhancing productivity. A constructivist, inductive grounded theory utilising a qualitative approach was employed. Qualitative data were generated using a semi-structured interview protocol from 4 information-rich education managers who were purposively selected. The inclusion criteria for the participants were age, experience, professional qualifications and the sample was determined by theoretical saturation. Data generated were thematically analysed. The study revealed that the conflict management and resolution model used by education managers in schools was contingent to their environment and perception. It also revealed that conflict was innovative and stimulated thought processes. As a result, schools must recruit education managers who are transformative, democratic and equipped with the appropriate strategies for managing and resolving conflict if teachers' morale is to be boosted and productivity enhanced.

Peace education is the basis for global peace and a prerequisite for attaining sustainable development and global goals. Considering the widespread physical and structural violence and destructive protests across South African higher education, it is crucial to embrace peace education to deal with violence in all its forms. This article explores the need for peace education in the South African higher education curriculum. A qualitative critical review of the literature reveals widespread gender-based violence, sexual exploitation, destructive student protests at and the militarisation of universities through military force to quell violent student protests nationwide in South Africa. Lack of peace skills indicates that both lecturers, university management and students are in need peace education. Peace education must be incorporated in South African higher education. As part of a model for it, this article recommends the establishment of peace as a stand-alone subject, extra-curricular activities for peace and storytelling to deliver peace education and inculcate a culture of peace in both educators and students. More so, there is a need to embrace the pedagogy of peace education and establish institutes for peace and conflict resolution at every higher education institution in South Africa.