Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-researched and evidence-based psychotherapy that is underutilised in Africa. CBT presents opportunities for occupational therapists to expand their practice, for example by promoting engagement in meaningful and purposeful activity (behavioural activation), engaging with a mental health care user's thoughts during and after participation in activity (cognitive restructuring), and grading exposure to traumatic activities (exposure therapy). However, it is also critical that occupational therapists using CBT techniques culturally adapt these for their practice context and engage in professional development activities to develop their competencies as CBT practitioners. This commentary highlights recent advances in CBT practice and calls for CBT and associated techniques to be made more accessible to mental health care users in Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • The relationship between participation and mental health is gaining prominence within the field of CBT. Occupational therapists should position themselves as experts in the therapeutic use of activity. • Occupational therapists using CBT techniques should culturally adapt their practice to meet the mental health needs of people living in Africa. • Occupational therapists using CBT techniques should follow internationally recognised pathways to CBT professional development, and register as Affiliated Members of the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Association of South Africa

Resumo: Em 1993, Sofía Tiscornia, juntamente com as pesquisadoras María Victoria Pita, Josefina Martínez, Carla Villalta e María José Sarrabayrouse Oliveira, formaram uma equipe de pesquisa que mais tarde se tornou o Programa de Antropologia Política e Jurídica do Instituto de Ciências Antropológicas da Universidade de Buenos Aires. Este artigo traça a história desse programa com base em uma entrevista aberta que Florencia Corbelle e Soledad Gesteira realizaram com seus fundadores durante uma conferência interna em março de 2022 e em documentos relacionados à sua história. A história do Programa de Antropologia Política e Jurídica nos permite entender as inspirações teóricas e as redes e alianças que foram construídas, ao mesmo tempo em que evidencia uma forma particular de pensar a pesquisa e a produção de conhecimento em diálogo com vários atores e organizações que fazem parte do campo de ativismo dos direitos humanos.

Resumen: En 1993 Sofía Tiscornia junto a las investigadoras María Victoria Pita, Josefina Martínez, Carla Villalta y María José Sarrabayrouse Oliveira forman un equipo de investigación que luego se transformó en el Programa de Antropología Política y Jurídica del Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Este artículo recorre la historia de este Programa a partir de una entrevista abierta que Florencia Corbelle y Soledad Gesteira les realizaron a sus fundadoras durante unas jornadas internas en marzo de 2022 y de documentos referidos a la historia del mismo. Conocer la historia del Programa de Antropología Política y Jurídica permite comprender las inspiraciones teóricas y las redes y alianzas que fueron construyendo, al mismo tiempo que hace evidente un modo particular de pensar la investigación y la producción de conocimiento en diálogo con diversos actores y organizaciones que se inscriben dentro del campo del activismo de los derechos humanos.

Abstract: In 1993 Sofía Tiscornia together with María Victoria Pita, Josefina Martínez, Carla Villalta and María José Sarrabayrouse Oliveira formed a research team that later became known as the Political and Legal Anthropology Program of the Institute of Anthropological Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. This article traces the history of this Program based on an open interview that Florencia Corbelle and Soledad Gesteira conducted with its founders during an internal conference in March 2022 and on documents related to its history. Knowing the history of the Political and Legal Anthropology Program allows us to understand the theoretical inspirations and the networks and alliances that were built, at the same time that it makes evident a particular way of thinking about research and knowledge production in dialogue with various actors and organizations that are part of the field of human rights activism.

Resumen El texto reproduce y amplía una conferencia dada por el autor en donde reflexiona brevemente acerca del estilo de escritura en la sociología. El punto central de la reflexión es la relación entre la sociología y la literatura, y cómo esta relación puede ser fructífera para ir más allá de la tradición sociológica en la forma de expresar sus ideas. A través de tres 'actos', el autor presenta algunos ejemplos que han sido inspiradores en su propia práctica de escritura sociológica y, al mismo tiempo, resalta su poca experiencia en la escritura literaria.

Resumo O texto reproduz e amplia uma palestra proferida pelo autor onde ele reflete brevemente sobre o estilo de escrita em sociologia. O ponto central da reflexão é a relação entre sociologia e literatura, e como essa relação pode ser fecunda para ir além da tradição sociológica na forma de expressar suas ideias. Através de três 'atos', o autor apresenta alguns exemplos que têm sido inspiradores na sua própria prática de escrita sociológica e, ao mesmo tempo, destaca a falta de experiência na escrita literária.

Abstract This essay reproduces and extends a conference given by the author in which he briefly reflects on the writing style in sociology. The central point of the reflection is the relationship between sociology and literature and how this relationship can be fruitful in going beyond the sociological tradition in expressing their ideas. Through three 'acts', the author presents some examples that have been inspiring in his practice of sociological writing and, at the same time, highlights his little experience in literary writing.

Abstract This article analyses the role of the United States in the Conference of American Armies (CAA) in the period 2008-2015. It explains how the U.S. used military diplomacy to install a vision of hemispheric security focused on the “new threats” (drug trafficking, terrorism, and organised crime) within the conference. To this end, statistical indicators were drawn up based on documentary analysis of the Commanders’ Agreements and the minutes of the CAA plenary sessions. Among the military diplomacy mechanisms used by the U.S. are the continuous invitations to CAA member countries to participate in training exercises (PANAMAX, FA-HUM and PKO-A) in which the thematic guides developed by the CAA were put into practice. The CAA is a body that operates with a certain degree of autonomy from defence diplomacy, which creates difficulties in the political management of the armed forces in the region.

Resumen El artículo analiza el rol de Estados Unidos en la Conferencia de Ejércitos Americanos (CEA) en el período 2008-2015. Se explica cómo este país utilizó la diplomacia militar para instalar una visión de la seguridad hemisférica centrada en las “nuevas amenazas” (narcotráfico, terrorismo y crimen organizado) en el seno de la conferencia. Para ello, se elaboraron indicadores estadísticos a partir del análisis documental de los Acuerdos de Comandantes y las actas de sesiones plenarias de la CEA. Entre los mecanismos de diplomacia militar utilizados por EE. UU. se encuentran las continuas invitaciones a los países miembros de la CEA para que participen en ejercicios de entrenamiento (Panamax, FA-HUM y PKO-A) en las que se pusieron en práctica las guías temáticas desarrolladas por dicho organismo. La CEA es una instancia que funciona con cierta autonomía respecto de la diplomacia de defensa, lo que supone dificultades en la conducción política de las fuerzas armadas en la región.

Résumé Le but de cet article est d’analyser le débat contemporain sur l’éducation sexuelle, en prenant comme référence les manuels gratuits et les programmes d’éducation normale. D’un point de vue qualitatif et dans le cadre d’un processus analytique synthétique, des livres, des articles, des conférences et des sources primaires sont examinés. Les résultats montrent que les manuels scolaires, en tant qu’instrument de la politique éducative, ont été rejetés par divers acteurs politiques et sociaux. Les programmes d’études pour l’éducation normale ont considéré l’éducation sexuelle de manière itinérante, ils peuvent avoir une perspective purement biologique ou une perspective plus globale. L’éducation sexuelle est un droit des enfants et des adolescents. Une voie possible pour leur attention est de renforcer les capacités des formateurs d’enseignants dans le domaine de l’éducation sexuelle afin que les futurs enseignants sortant des écoles normales disposent des outils pour accompagner leurs élèves.

Streszczenie Streszczenie Celem tego artykułu jest analiza współczesnej debaty na temat edukacji seksualnej, przyjmując za punkt odniesienia darmowe podręczniki oraz programy nauczania szkół normalnych. Z perspektywy jakościowej i poprzez proces analizy syntetycznej, badane są podręczniki, artykuły, referaty z kongresów oraz źródła pierwotne. W wynikach stwierdzono, że podręczniki, jako narzędzia polityki edukacyjnej, były przedmiotem odrzucenia przez różnych aktorów politycznych i społecznych. Programy nauczania dla szkół normalnych traktowały edukację seksualną jako temat podrzędny, mogąc przyjmować podejście wyłącznie biologiczne lub bardziej kompleksowe. Wnioskiem jest, że edukacja seksualna jest prawem dzieci i młodzieży. Możliwą drogą do jej uwzględnienia jest wzmocnienie zdolności kształcenia nauczycieli w zakresie edukacji seksualnej, aby przyszli nauczyciele wykształceni w szkołach normalnych mieli narzędzia do towarzyszenia swoim uczniom.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es analizar el debate contemporáneo sobre la educación de la sexualidad, tomando como referente los libros de texto gratuitos y los planes de estudio de educación Normal. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y mediante un proceso analítico sintético, se examinan libros, artículos, ponencias de congresos y fuentes primarias. En los resultados se encuentra que los libros de texto, como instrumento de política educativa, han estado sujetos al rechazo de diversos actores políticos y sociales. Los planes de estudio para la educación normal han considerado la educación para la sexualidad de manera itinerante, pueden tener una perspectiva meramente biológica o una más integral. Se concluye que la educación de la sexualidad es un derecho de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Una posible ruta para su atención es fortalecer las capacidades de los formadores de docentes en el ámbito de la educación de la sexualidad, para que los futuros docentes que egresen de las escuelas Normales cuenten con las herramientas para acompañar a sus estudiantes.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the contemporary debate on sexuality education, taking as reference free government textbooks and the curriculum of Normal education. From a qualitative perspective and through a synthetic, analytical process, books, articles, conference papers, and primary sources were examined. Results show that textbooks, as an instrument of educational policy, have been subject to rejection by various political and social actors. The curriculum for Normal education has considered sexuality education intermittently, with perspectives ranging from merely biological to more comprehensive approaches. It is concluded that sexuality education is a right of girls, boys, and teenagers. A possible route for addressing this is to strengthen the capacities of teacher trainers in the field of sexuality education so that future teachers who graduate from Normal schools have the tools to support their students.

Resumen Introducción: En 1995, en el marco de la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer, representantes de gobiernos de todo el mundo acordaron la Plataforma de Acción de Beijing. Los medios de comunicación aparecen, por primera vez, como una de las esferas de especial preocupación para lograr la igualdad de género en el mundo. Objetivo: Realizar un monitoreo crítico sobre las políticas de comunicación y género desarrolladas por el Estado argentino en torno al cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos planteados en el capítulo J: participación de las mujeres en la estructura laboral de los medios; y erradicación de contenido mediático sexista y estereotipado. Método y técnicas: Se desarrolló una investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo y se utilizó la técnica del análisis de contenido. A partir de esto, especialmente para la elaboración de conclusiones y recomendaciones, se tomó como referencia una metodología para el análisis de género del fenómeno legal. Resultados: La mayoría de las políticas impulsadas por el Estado argentino cumplen con el segundo objetivo estratégico de la Plataforma de Acción de Beijing. En el año 2021 se sancionó una ley de equidad de géneros en los medios que responde al primer objetivo estratégico, sin embargo, todavía no fue reglamentada. Conclusiones: Existen desafíos pendientes en relación con posibles reformas en la normativa vigente sobre violencia contra las mujeres; las tensiones entre regulación y libertad de expresión; el acceso a la justicia en casos de violencia mediática; y la necesidad de avanzar en el cumplimiento del objetivo estratégico uno.

Abstract Introduction: In 1995, at the Fourth World Conference on Women, government representatives from all over the world agreed on the Beijing Platform for Action. The media appeared, for the first time, as one of the areas of special concern for achieving gender equality in the world. Objective: To carry out a critical monitoring of the communication and gender policies developed by the Argentine State regarding the fulfillment of the strategic objectives set forth in Chapter J: women's participation in the labor structure of the media; and the eradication of sexist and stereotyped media content. Method and technique: A documentary research with a qualitative approach was developed and the technique of content analysis was used. From this, especially for the elaboration of conclusions and recommendations, a methodology for the gender analysis of the legal phenomenon was used as a reference. Results: Most of the policies promoted by the Argentine State comply with the second strategic objective of the Beijing Platform for Action. In the year 2021, a law on gender equity in the media was passed, which responds to the first strategic objective; however, it has not yet been regulated. Conclusions: There are pending challenges in relation to possible reforms in the current legislation on violence against women; the tensions between regulation and freedom of expression; access to justice in cases of media violence; and the need to advance in the fulfillment of strategic objective one.

The digitisation of education that has deliberately reformed the pedagogical practices of tertiary education in the 21st century, rapidly transformed all aspects of academia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic conferences, as traditional sites of embodied knowledge production, were also impacted and virtual conferences were quickly adopted as socially responsible alternatives. As a component of contemporary academic work, conferencing is meant to foster networks of community and support deep learning but are most often criticised as sites that reproduce prevalent discriminatory academic hierarchies. The most common observations in gender analysis of conferencing report on inequalities of representation and the absence of women in key roles. As organisers of the Southern African Student Psychology Conference (SASPC), we explore our experiences organising our first online conference in the context of the pandemic. Unfortunately, very few researchers have considered the representative space of online forms of conferencing, and to date none reflect the experiences of women academics from South Africa. This article aims to extend these examinations of the gendered nature of academic conferencing by utilising Empowerment Theory (ET) to understand narrative reflections from three women academics and organisers of an online Southern African conference. Collaborative Autoethnography (CAE) served as a critical emancipatory tool for collectively gathering counter stories of our internalised oppression as marginalised women academics. Consequently, this article explicates the gendered dynamics of academia, as well as sustainable pedagogical possibilities for change that is engendered by technology through online spaces as important sites of agency and resistance.

Abstract In recent decades, there has been extensive research into the identity of teachers, with a particular focus on early education teachers. However, there is a noticeable gap in research regarding the formation of the identity of mathematics teachers during their professional training. The main objective of this article is to present the significant elements in the formation of professional identity, as perceived from the perspective of students, highlighting the aspects they consider important in their university education. This study adopts a qualitative and exploratory approach. The collection of narratives took place during the period from February to March 2020. Eleven students who comprised the final semester of the bachelor’s degree program in Mathematics at the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Mexico, were invited to participate in the research. Data collection was carried out through the writing of a school narrative, which covered nearly four years of their university experience, as well as some episodes from their prior education. In addition, group interviews were conducted via video conference due to the COVID-19 health emergency. Data analysis was performed using a thematic analysis approach, resulting in the identification of four categories that, in turn, grouped eleven significant themes for students in the formation of their professional identity. This study concludes that analyzing the experiences lived by students, as narrated in their narratives, provides valuable insight into their professional identity. It delves into how they perceive and express their identity in relation to other professionals in training, as well as how they attribute meaning to their experiences and integrate them as a fundamental part of their journey to becoming educators.

Resumen En las últimas décadas se ha investigado ampliamente la identidad del profesorado a través de un enfoque particular en el profesorado de ciclos iniciales. Sin embargo, se ha observado una notable carencia en cuanto a investigaciones relacionadas con la configuración de la identidad del profesorado de matemáticas durante su proceso de formación profesional. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar los elementos significativos en la configuración de la identidad profesional, tal como se perciben desde la perspectiva del alumnado, mediante los aspectos que consideran importantes en su educación universitaria. Este estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo de carácter exploratorio. La recopilación de las narrativas se llevó a cabo durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero y marzo del 2020. Se invitó a participar en la investigación a las once personas participantes que conformaban el último semestre de la licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México. La obtención de datos se realizó mediante la redacción de una narrativa escolar de su experiencia en la universidad, así como algunos episodios de su educación previa. Además, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en grupos focales a través de videoconferencia, esto debido a la emergencia sanitaria declarada por COVID-19. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque de análisis temático, lo que resultó en la identificación de cuatro categorías que, a su vez, agrupaban once temas significativos para el estudiantado en la configuración de su identidad profesional. Se concluyó que el análisis de las experiencias vividas por el alumnado, tal como se relatan en sus narrativas, proporciona una valiosa comprensión de su identidad profesional; permite adentrarse en cómo perciben y expresan su identidad en relación con otros y otras profesionales en formación, así como en cómo atribuyen significado a sus experiencias y las integran como parte fundamental de su proceso de conversión a docentes.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Statins are one of the most prescribed classes of drugs worldwide to treat hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. By lowering the level of cholesterol, the use of statin could cause a reduction in testosterone levels. The objective was to evaluate whether the continued use of statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia causes a deficiency in testosterone and other sex hormones. Materials and Methods: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis, performed in Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases, until May 2023; PROSPERO CRD42021270424protocol. Selection performed by two independent authors with subsequent conference in stages. Methodology based on PRISMA statement. There were selected comparative studies, prospective cohorts (CP), randomized clinical trials (RCT) and cross-sectional studies (CSS) with comparison of testosterone levels before and after statin administration and between groups. Bias analysis were evaluated with Cochrane Tool, The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and using the Assess the Quality of Cross-sectional studies (AXIS) tool. Results: There were found on MedLine, Embase and Cochrane, after selected comparative studies, 10CP and 6RCT and 6CSS for the meta-analysis. In the Forrest plot with 6CSS, a correlation between patients with continuous use of statins and a reduction in total testosterone was evidenced with a statistically significant reduction of 55.02ng/dL (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.00001). In the analysis with 5RCT, a reduction in the mean total testosterone in patients who started continuous statin use was evidenced, with a statistical significance of 13.12ng/dL (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0.03). Furthermore, the analysis of all prospective studies with 15 articles showed a statistically significant reduction in the mean total testosterone of 9.11 ng/dL (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0.04). A reduction in total testosterone has been shown in most studies and in its accumulated analysis after statin use. However, this decrease was not enough to reach levels below normal. Conclusion: Statins use causes a decrease in total testosterone, not enough to cause a drop below the normal range and also determines increase in FSH levels. No differences were found in LH, Estradiol, SHBG and Free Testosterone analysis. Purpose dyslipidemia cholesterol hormones Methods Metaanalysis, Metaanalysis Meta analysis, Meta-analysis databases 2023 CRD42021270424protocol CRDprotocol CRD protocol stages statement CP, CP , (CP) RCT (RCT crosssectional cross sectional CSS (CSS groups Tool NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa NOS, NOS (NOS) Crosssectional Cross AXIS (AXIS tool Results MedLine metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta meta-analysis 5502ngdL ngdL 55 02ng dL ng 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.00001. 95CI39407064I²91p000001 CIIp 95%CI= 39.40,70.64 ,I²=91%,p<0.00001 . 95 CI 39 40 70 64 I² 91 p 0 00001 I (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.00001) 5RCT 1312ngdL 13 12ng 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p=0.03. 95CI1162508I²0p003 1.16,25.08 ,I²=0%,p=0.03 1 16 25 08 03 (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0.03) Furthermore 911 9 11 9.1 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p=0.04. 95CI0161806I²37p004 0.16,18.06 ,I²=37%,p=0.04 18 06 37 04 (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0.04) However Conclusion LH Estradiol 202 (CP (NOS 5 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.00001 95CI39407064I²91p00000 95CI 95%CI 39407064 39.40,70.6 I²91p000001 Ip ,I²=91%,p<0.0000 3 4 7 6 0000 (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.00001 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p=0.03 95CI1162508I²0p00 1162508 1.16,25.0 I²0p003 ,I²=0%,p=0.0 2 (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0.03 9. 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p=0.04 95CI0161806I²37p00 0161806 0.16,18.0 I²37p004 ,I²=37%,p=0.0 (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0.04 20 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.0000 95CI39407064I²91p0000 3940706 39.40,70. I²91p00000 ,I²=91%,p<0.000 000 (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.0000 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p=0.0 95CI1162508I²0p0 116250 1.16,25. I²0p00 ,I²=0%,p=0. (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0.0 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p=0.0 95CI0161806I²37p0 016180 0.16,18. I²37p00 ,I²=37%,p=0. (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0.0 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.000 95CI39407064I²91p000 394070 39.40,70 I²91p0000 ,I²=91%,p<0.00 00 (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.000 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p=0. 95CI1162508I²0p 11625 1.16,25 I²0p0 ,I²=0%,p=0 (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0. 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p=0. 95CI0161806I²37p 01618 0.16,18 I²37p0 ,I²=37%,p=0 (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0. 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.00 95CI39407064I²91p00 39407 39.40,7 I²91p000 ,I²=91%,p<0.0 (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.00 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p=0 1162 1.16,2 I²0p ,I²=0%,p= (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p=0 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p=0 0161 0.16,1 I²37p ,I²=37%,p= (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p=0 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0.0 95CI39407064I²91p0 3940 39.40, I²91p00 ,I²=91%,p<0. (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0.0 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p= 116 1.16, ,I²=0%,p (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p= 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p= 016 0.16, ,I²=37%,p (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p= 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0. 95CI39407064I²91p 394 39.40 I²91p0 ,I²=91%,p<0 (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0. 95%CI=1.16,25.08,I²=0%,p 1.16 (95%CI=[1.16,25.08],I²=0%,p 95%CI=0.16,18.06,I²=37%,p 01 0.16 (95%CI=[0.16,18.06],I²=37%,p 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p<0 39.4 I²91p ,I²=91%,p< (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p<0 1.1 0.1 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p< 39. ,I²=91%,p (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p< 1. 0. 95%CI=39.40,70.64,I²=91%,p (95%CI=[39.40,70.64],I²=91%,p

Abstract Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are naturally occurring chemical compounds that regulate various physiological processes in plants. In this work, a capillary electrophoretic coupled to a diode array detector (CE-DAD) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of abscisic acid (ABA), 3-indolacetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) in commercial plant biostimulants. Sample preparation was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. CE separation was performed in a fused-silica capillary and background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of borate buffer (50 mM, pH 9.3) applying a high voltage of 20 kV, a pressure of 50 mbar, and injection time of 35 s. The ABA, IAA, and GA3 were detected at 254, 220 and 195 nm respectively. The CE-DAD method validation results showed acceptable specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision in the concentration range of 10-100 µg/mL for all compounds according to the (International Conference Harmonisation) ICH guidelines. The proposed method was satisfactory applied to the analysis of cited plant hormones in biostimulants and suggest that sample preparation is a reliable step for extraction of phytohormones containing carboxyl groups. Therefore, the developed and validated method could be implemented as a low-cost and fast analytical tool for quality control purposes.

Resumen Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo evaluar hasta qué punto se ha aplicado la ingeniería biomédica en la rehabilitación de pacientes que padecen el Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), dada la escasez de información sobre este tema. Realizamos un análisis exhaustivo de artículos de investigación, resúmenes de conferencias e informes de casos publicados entre 2000 y 2023, específicamente de ScienceDirect, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Springer y Dimensions. Se discutieron ampliamente 19 artículos, complementados con 40 fuentes de información adicionales. Cada artículo pasó por un meticuloso proceso de revisión por parte de los cuatro autores, donde cada uno examinó por separado el título y el resumen de los artículos y posteriormente proporcionó un examen exhaustivo del texto completo; cuando surgieron conflictos, se alcanzó un consenso mediante la discusión. El análisis de los artículos reveló una mejora notable en la función de las extremidades superiores e inferiores de los pacientes con SGB que fue facilitada por dispositivos tanto hechos a medida como comerciales. Asimismo, se han creado un pequeño puñado de otros dispositivos, (por ejemplo, para mejorar los problemas de retención urinaria). Existe una clara oportunidad para nueva investigación, innovación y aplicaciones.

Abstract This systematic review aims to assess the extent to which biomedical engineering has been applied in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), given the scarcity of information on this topic. We conducted a thorough analysis of research articles, conference abstracts, and case reports published between 2000 and 2023, specifically from ScienceDirect, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Springer, and Dimensions. 19 articles were extensively discussed, complemented by an additional 40 information sources providing supplementary information. Each paper underwent a meticulous review process by the four authors, where each separately examined the title and abstract of the papers and subsequently provided a thorough examination of the full text; when conflicts arose, a clear consensus was reached through discussion. The analysis of the articles revealed a notable improvement in upper and lower limb function of GBS patients that was facilitated by both custom-made and commercial devices. Likewise, a small handful of other devices have been used (e.g., to improve urinary retention issues). There is a clear opportunity for new research, innovation and applications.

Abstract Analyzing the second volume of proceedings of the First Latin American Congress of Medicine held in Santiago on the first nine days of the twentieth century, we found a lecture by Eloísa Díaz, the first Chilean and Latin American woman to graduate as a doctor, despite the discrimination she suffered, which even forced her to attend classes accompanied by her mother. This conference on the school medical service is analyzed, as well as the introduction to her degree thesis, and incidentally the presentations of other participating doctors, emphasizing the infectious pathology discussed and its verbose and flowery language.

Resumen Revisando el segundo volumen de actas del Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Medicina, reunido en Santiago los nueve primeros días del siglo XX, encontramos una conferencia de Eloísa Díaz, primera mujer chilena y latinoamericana en graduarse de médico, pese a la discriminación sufrida, que la obligó incluso a asistir a clases acompañada por su madre. Se analiza tanto esta conferencia sobre la organización del servicio médico escolar, como la introducción a su tesis de grado, y de paso las presentaciones de otros médicos participantes, haciendo hincapié en la patología infecciosa discutida y en su lenguaje verboso y florido.

Resumo: No contexto de ambientes educativos caracterizados por uma alta complexidade socioeducativa, este estudo pretende identificar as práticas e estratégias implementadas pelos diretores em instituições de nível fundamental, que têm um impacto na melhoria do processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Para realizar esta investigação, foi utilizada uma metodologia baseada numa revisão sistemática da literatura, centrada em casos documentados no México pelo Projeto Internacional de Diretores Escolares de Sucesso. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em várias bases de dados acadêmicas, como Google Acadêmico, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram selecionados 19 documentos para uma revisão exaustiva, incluindo artigos acadêmicos, comunicações em congressos, livros e capítulos de livros. Os resultados obtidos foram organizados em categorias correspondentes à liderança transformacional e analisados numa perspectiva de justiça social a partir da teoria do comportamento planejado. Entre as estratégias identificadas estão o estabelecimento de uma visão coesa na comunidade escolar, o apoio emocional ao pessoal, a especificação de valores compartilhados e o cumprimento dos compromissos estabelecidos.

Abstract: In the context of educational environments characterized by high socio-educational complexity, this study aims to identify the practices and strategies implemented by principals in elementary schools, which have an impact on improving the learning process of students. To carry out this research, a methodology based on a systematic review of the literature was used, focused on cases documented in Mexico by the International Project of Successful School Principals. The bibliographic search was conducted in various academic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. Nineteen documents were selected for an exhaustive review, including academic articles, conference papers, books and book chapters. The results obtained were organized into categories corresponding to transformational leadership and analyzed from a social justice perspective based on the theory of planned behavior. Among the strategies identified were the establishment of a cohesive vision in the school community, emotional support for staff, specification of shared values, and the fulfillment of established commitments.

Resumen: En el contexto de entornos educativos caracterizados por una alta complejidad socioeducativa, este estudio se propone identificar las prácticas y estrategias implementadas por el personal directivo en instituciones de nivel básico, las cuales tienen un impacto en la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se empleó una metodología basada en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, focalizada en casos documentados en México por el Proyecto Internacional de Directores Escolares Exitosos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en diversas bases de datos académicas como Google Académico, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron 19 documentos para una revisión exhaustiva, incluyendo artículos académicos, ponencias en congresos, libros y capítulos de libros. Los resultados obtenidos se organizaron en categorías correspondientes al liderazgo transformacional y se analizaron desde la justicia social a partir de teoría del comportamiento planificado. Entre las estrategias identificadas se encuentran el establecimiento de una visión cohesiva en la comunidad escolar, el apoyo emocional al personal, la especificación de valores compartidos y el cumplimiento de compromisos establecidos.

We, Academic Development (AD) practitioners, question whether AD's objective in South Africa (SA) as a 'liberatory educational and social movement' to enhance educational quality for all students, is effectively pursued. AD practitioners often work on the fringes of the academy, fighting for relevance and legitimacy within an increasingly performative and managerialist academic culture. Despite innovative AD initiatives AD work is criticised for being unresponsive, unreflexive, conformist, and lacking theoretical, scholarly, and critical engagement. We use critical pedagogical praxis, particularly the constructs of critique, reflexivity, power, and self-reflection, to interrogate the continuous tension between AD intention and practice. Through (un)conference methodology, this auto-ethnographic account of individual and collective engagements, using the "holding the mirror up" metaphor, critically questioned the tension and misalignments between the AD mandate and practices. Although in a SA higher education context, this research could be beneficial to HE contexts globally, given the ubiquity of AD work.