Resumo: Os agentes conversacionais (CAs) percorreram um longo caminho desde a sua primeira aparição na década de 1960. Os avanços tecnológicos contínuos, como a informática estatística e os grandes modelos de linguagem, estão a alcançar uma interação cada vez mais natural e sem esforço entre os seres humanos. O presente estudo realizou uma revisão bibliométrica sobre a utilização de chatbots no contexto educativo, compilando documentos científicos da base de dados Scopus. Os resultados destacam as lacunas de conhecimento na investigação; da mesma forma, múltiplas direções são evidentes para investigações futuras baseadas na aprendizagem colaborativa (collaborative learning), agentes conversacionais encarnados (embodied conversa- tional agents), agentes conversacionais pedagógicos (pedagogical conversational agents), processamento de linguagem natural (natural language processing) e agentes racionais (rational agents). A investigação contribui para a teoria científica sobre chatbots e a sua incidência na educação ao estabelecer uma revisão bibliométrica do tema e mostrar implicações práticas ao destacar oportunidades de investigação e lacunas de conhecimento.

Resumen: Los agentes conversacionales (CAs) han recorrido un largo camino desde su primera aparición en la década de 1960. Avances tecnológicos continuos, como la informática estadística y los grandes modelos del lenguaje, vienen logrando una interacción cada vez más natural y sin esfuerzo entre humanos. El presente estudio realizó una revisión bibliométrica sobre el uso de los chatbots en el contexto educativo, recopilando los documentos científicos de la base de datos Scopus. Los resultados destacan los vacíos de conocimiento de la investigación; asimismo, se evidencian múltiples direcciones para futuras investigaciones basadas en aprendizaje colaborativo (collaborative learning), agentes conversacionales encarnados (embodied conversational agents), agentes conversacionales pedagógicos (pedagogical conversational agents), procesamiento del lenguaje natural (natural language processing) y agentes racionales (rational agents). La investigación contribuye a la teoría científica sobre los chatbots y su incidencia en la educación al establecer un repaso bibliométrico del tema y mostrar implicaciones prácticas al resaltar las oportunidades de investigación y vacíos de conocimiento.

Abstract: Conversational agents (CAs) have come a long way since their first appearance in the 1960s. Ongoing technological advances, such as statistical computing and large-scale language models, have made human-to-human interaction increasingly natural and effortless. The present study conducted a bibliometric re- view of the use of chatbots in educational contexts by collecting scientific papers from the Scopus database. The results highlight the gaps in research knowledge and suggest several directions that can be taken for future research based on collaborative learning, embodied conversational agents, pedagogical conversational agents, natural language processing, and rational agents. The research contributes to the scientific theory of chatbots and their impact on education by providing a bibliometric review of the topic and shows practical implications by highlighting research opportunities and knowledge gaps.

Abstract: Computational psychiatry (CP), based on artificial intelligence technology, plays an increasingly important role in scientific research and medical diagnosis. Epistemic concerns in the ethics of artificial intelligence have also been at the center of debate in CP, but the different epistemic forms of injustice caused by the internal cultures of CP remain unexplained. We distinguish between data-driven and theory-driven cultures and their research purposes via practical examples of CP models deployed in addiction. A data-driven culture may advance medical understanding of biological categories of mental illness, whereas a theory-driven culture provides better explanatory mechanisms between symptoms and biology. We discuss testimonial injustice caused by the silencing of patient voices in a data-driven culture, and hermeneutic injustice caused by the non-sharing of hermeneutic resources in theory-driven culture based on Miranda Fricker’s account of epistemic injustice. We analyze the factors underlying nuances in epistemic forms between the two, such as naturalistic-dominated medical understanding and the system’s epistemic privileging. The above epistemic risks all indicate the intricacies of mental disorders and require that success be assessed in terms of actual benefit to patients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the patient’s phenomenology and call for greater inclusion of patients in psychiatric decision-making processes.

Resumen: La psiquiatría computacional (PC), basada en la tecnología de la inteligencia artificial, desempeña un papel cada vez más importante en la investigación científica y el diagnóstico médico. Las preocupaciones epistémicas en la ética de la inteligencia artificial también han estado en el centro del debate en la PC, pero las diferentes formas epistémicas de injusticia causadas por las culturas internas de la PC siguen sin explicarse. Distinguimos entre las culturas basadas en los datos y las impulsadas por la teoría y sus propósitos de investigación mediante ejemplos prácticos de modelos de CP mostrados en la adicción. Una cultura impulsada por los datos puede hacer avanzar la comprensión médica de las categorías biológicas de las enfermedades mentales, mientras que una cultura impulsada por la teoría proporciona mejores mecanismos explicativos entre los síntomas y la biología. Basándonos en el relato de Miranda Fricker sobre la injusticia epistémica, discutimos la injusticia testimonial causada por el silenciamiento de los pacientes en una cultura centrada en los datos y la injusticia hermenéutica causada por el hecho de no compartir estos recursos en una cultura centrada en la teoría, Analizamos los factores que subyacen a los matices en las formas epistémicas entre ambas, como la comprensión médica dominada por el naturalismo y el privilegio epistémico del sistema. Todos los riesgos mencionados indican la complejidad de los trastornos mentales y exigen que el éxito se evalúe en términos de beneficio real para los pacientes. Por último, hacemos hincapié en la importancia de la fenomenología del paciente y pedimos una mayor inclusión de los pacientes en los procesos de toma de decisiones psiquiátricas.

Resumo: Psiquiatria computacional (PC), baseada na tecnologia da inteligência artificial, tem um papel crescentemente importante na pesquisa científica e no diagnóstico médico. Preocupações epistêmicas na ética da inteligência artificial tem também estado no centro das discussões da PC, mas as diferentes formas epistêmicas de injustiça causadas pelas culturas internas da PC permanecem inexplicáveis. Distinguimos entre culturas orientadas por dados e orientada por teorias e seus propósitos de pesquisa via exemplos práticos de modelos de PC empregados em dependências. Uma cultura orientada por dados pode avançar a compreensão médica de categorias biológicas de doença mental, enquanto uma cultura orientada por teorias fornece melhores mecanismos explicativos entre sintomas e biologia. Discutimos injustiça testemunhal causada pelo silenciamento de vozes de pacientes em uma cultura orientada por dados e injustiça hermenêutica causada pelo não compartilhamento de recursos hermenêuticos em cultura orientada por teorias, baseados no relato de Miranda Fricker sobre injustiça epistêmica. Analisamos os fatores subjacentes às nuances nas formas epistêmicas entre os dois, tais como a compreensão médica dominada pelo naturalismo e o privilégios epistêmicos do sistema. Todos os riscos epistêmicos citados anteriormente indicam as complexidades dos transtornos mentais e requerem que sucesso seja avaliado em termos de benefício real aos pacientes. Finalmente, enfatizamos a importância da fenomenologia do paciente e clamamos por maior inclusão de pacientes em processos de tomada de decisão psiquiátrica.

En los últimos cincuenta años, la tecnología de la información se ha integrado gradualmente en el sistema educativo brasileño. Esta integración pasó por varias fases y programas, cada uno con sus propios objetivos y desafíos. Desde el Decreto N° 84.067 de 1979, que estableció la Política Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información, hasta la creación de ProInfo en 1997 y la Política de Innovación en Educación Conectada (PIEC) en 2023, ha habido importantes avances, pero también dificultades en la implementación efectiva de estos. políticas. Este estudo busca comprender las políticas públicas enfocadas en tecnologías de la información en un contexto histórico, explorando su evolución dentro de la educación brasileña y destacando iniciativas y programas que moldearon la inserción de las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza. Para la construcción de este artículo se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con investigación bibliográfica. Con esta historia, fue posible construir una línea de tiempo interactiva que presenta las políticas públicas diseñadas en Brasil para la informatización de las escuelas y la formación de profesores, culminando con la enseñanza de la informática, actualmente propuesta para las escuelas de educación básica brasileñas, en el Currículo Base Común Nacional y su Complemento.

Nos últimos cinquenta anos, a informática tem sido gradualmente integrada ao sistema educacional brasileiro. Essa integração passou por várias fases e programas, cada um com suas metas e desafios. Desde o Decreto nº 84.067 em 1979, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Informática, até a criação do ProInfo em 1997 e a Política de Inovação Educação Conectada (PIEC) em 2023, houve progressos significativos, mas também dificuldades na implementação eficaz dessas políticas. Este estudo busca compreender em um contexto histórico as políticas públicas voltadas para a informática, explorando a sua evolução no âmbito da educação brasileira, e destacando iniciativas e programas que moldaram  a inserção de tecnologias digitais no ensino. Para a construção deste artigo, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica. Com esse histórico, foi possível construir uma linha do tempo interativa que apresenta as políticas públicas concebidas no Brasil para a informatização das escolas e formação de professores, culminando no ensino da computação, proposto atualmente para as escolas de educação básica brasileiras, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e seu Complemento.

Over the past fifty years, computer science has been gradually integrated into the Brazilian education system. This integration has gone through several phases and programs, each with its own goals and challenges. Since Decree No. 84,067 in 1979, which established the National Computer Science Policy, to the creation of ProInfo in 1997 and the Connected Education Innovation Policy (PIEC) in 2023, there has been significant progress, but also difficulties in the effective implementation of these policies. This study seeks to understand public policies aimed at computer science in a historical context, exploring their evolution within the scope of Brazilian education, and highlighting initiatives and programs that shaped the insertion of digital technologies in teaching. To construct this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, with bibliographical research. With this history, it was possible to build an interactive timeline that presents the public policies designed in Brazil for the computerization of schools and teacher training, culminating in the teaching of computer science, currently proposed for Brazilian basic education schools, in the National Common Curricular Base and its Complement.

ABSTRACT The conventional intensive agriculture, resultant of the technological and social development is the biggest degrader of waters and agricultural environments. The agricultural mechanization and the irrigation in general are the main causing factors of the degradation, for what should always be used with conservationist and recuperative technologies. Diverse projects and programs of international collaboration related with the protection of the environment have been carried out, among whose objectives are the research of the effects of the agricultural mechanization on the environment, reason why was taking as objective to center the efforts in carrying out a study to determine the possible measures to counteract the negative aspects of this influence, like basis for the elaboration of new research projects of international collaboration. For the study were used the methodologies for the realization of the Participative Diagnostics, which included the realization of surveys, discussion seminars and statistical analysis, with the use of computing tools and programs. Among the main conclusions of the study is the description of the possible measures guided to reduce the impacts of the agricultural mechanization on the environment.

RESUMEN La agricultura intensiva convencional, resultante del desarrollo tecnológico y social es el mayor degradador de aguas y ambientes agrícolas. La mecanización agrícola en general y el riego son los principales factores causantes de la degradación, por lo que debe utilizarse siempre con un sentido conservacionista y recuperador. Se han estado desarrollando diversos proyectos y programas de colaboración internacional relacionados con la protección medioambiental, entre cuyos objetivos se encuentra la investigación de los efectos de la mecanización agropecuaria sobre el medio ambiente, por lo cual ser trazó como objetivo centrar los esfuerzos en realizar un estudio para determinar las posibles medidas para contrarrestar los aspectos negativos de esta influencia, como base para la fundamentación de nuevos proyectos de investigación y de colaboración internacional. Se emplearon las metodologías para la realización de los Diag nósticos Participativos, la cual comprendió la realización de encuestas, seminarios de discusión, análisis estadístico, con el uso de herramientas y programas de computación. Entre las principales conclusiones del estudio se encuentra la descripción de las posibles medidas encaminadas a reducir los impactos de la mecanización agropecuaria sobre el medio ambiente.

RESUMEN La formación de profesionales informáticos creativos se considera como un proceso estratégico en diferentes países al resultar esencial para la informatización de la sociedad. El presente artículo plantea un acercamiento al aprendizaje creativo de la informática para la transformación digital de la sociedad moderna. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el aprendizaje creativo de la informática durante la formación de profesionales informáticos. Se aplicó un instrumento derivado de investigaciones anteriores y métricas para evaluar el aprendizaje creativo en los dos grupos de años terminales de la carrera de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba, con un paradigma mixto. Los análisis cuantitativos diagnosticaron el aprendizaje predominante en la carrera que ofrecen elementos a los directivos para tomar decisiones. Por su parte, los análisis cualitativos permitieron develar las cuatro etapas de formación del aprendizaje creativo de la informática en la carrera: etapa preuniversitaria, etapa básica, etapa profesional y etapa de investigación. Además, permitieron obtener tres factores claves en la formación del aprendizaje creativo de la informática: la integración de asignaturas, la solución de proyectos reales y el acompañamiento emocional de los profesores y otros profesionales a los estudiantes durante su inserción en la informatización de organizaciones.

ABSTRACT The training of creative computer professionals is considered a strategic process in different countries as it is essential for the informatization of society. This article proposes an approach to the creative learning of computer science for the digital transformation of modern society. The objective of the research was to evaluate the creative learning of computer science during the training of computer professionals. An instrument derived from previous research and metrics was applied to evaluate creative learning in the two groups of terminal years of the Computer Engineering career at the University of Matanzas, Cuba, with a mixed paradigm. Quantitative analyses diagnosed the predominant learning in the career that offer elements to managers to make decisions. The qualitative analyses made it possible to unveil the four stages of formation of creative learning of computer science in the career: pre-university stage, basic stage, professional stage and research stage. In addition, three key factors in the formation of creative learning of computer science were obtained: the integration of subjects, the solution of real projects and the emotional support of teachers and other professionals to students during their insertion in the computerization of organizations.

Organisational agility is crucial for organisations to thrive in dynamic business environments. While the Information Systems (IS) discipline recognises the need for IS to support organisational agility, current IS research has not sufficiently explained how organisations achieve agility given their sociotechnical contexts. Some scholars and practitioners propose scaling agility-building approaches from small software development teams to the enterprise level, and others argue that agility is not a predetermined outcome of linear processes, but instead emerges from intricate organisational contexts. Previous research proposed a conceptual model that identified the structural components of agility in IS. However, this structural perspective does not address the dynamic aspects of agility. To address this gap, two systematic literature reviews (SLR) were conducted to develop a conceptual framework for agility in sociotechnical contexts, which is the contribution this research makes to the IS field. The first SLR investigated frameworks that enable organisational agility. Consequently, the Cynefin framework was adopted to explain the dynamics of contextualised decision-making and agility. The second SLR identified the influence of heuristics on decision-making and dynamic capabilities. The resulting framework integrates the structural and dynamic aspects of agility in IS and explains how heuristics could potentially be managed to improve sociotechnical agility. Categories · CCS ~ Social and professional topics, Professional topics, Management of computing and information systems

Organisations need to adopt AI successfully and responsibly. AI's technical capabilities make AI powerful. However, the implementation of AI in organisations is not limited to the technical elements and requires a more holistic approach. An AI implementation within an organisation is a sociotechnical system, with the interplay between social and technical components. Considering the sociotechnical nature of AI in organisations, the following research question arises: From a sociotechnical perspective, how can an organisation increase adoption of AI as part of its quest to become more data-driven? In light of the research question, we propose to create a sociotechnical artificial intelligence adoption framework with a target audience of both academics and practitioners. This study follows a design science research approach, constituting various iterative cycles. The study is conducted at an automotive manufacturer's IT Hub based in South Africa and has the aim to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world organisation. To achieve this, focus groups serve as the primary research method. As the organisation at which the study took place is seen as a global leader in industrial digital transformation, the experience can help researchers and other organisations understand how an organisation can increase the adoption of AI. Categories · Information systems ~ Information systems applications · Computing methodologies ~ Artificial intelligence

The industrial world has witnessed an increased demand for computing based skills due to the advent of robotics, artificial intelligence, and analytics. However, the learning of computer programming is challenging and requires an intensive cognitive effort to attain a high degree of skill and expertise. Given this phenomenon, this study undertook to ascertain the factors that influence proficiency in computer programming. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a survey research strategy, guided by a conceptual model. A survey questionnaire was designed as the primary source of data collection. The respondents comprised students who were enrolled for Information Systems and Technology (IT) courses at a higher education institution. The main factors that were identified as significant predictors of computer programming performance were Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy. The findings contribute to enhancing computer programming pedagogy, which could lead to enhanced student performance in assessment, and validation of the conceptual model. Categories · Social & programming topics ~ Professional topics · Computing Education ~ Computer science education/Information Technology/Information systems

RESUMEN El trabajo expone los resultados del proyecto de extensión universitaria que se titula “Tecno-Historia MDQ II. El Museíto informático de la EESTN3” e impulsa la construcción de un pequeño museo histórico-educativo de la informática nacional con artefactos que -puestos en valor a modo de dispositivo pedagógico- se orientan a las audiencias escolares y al público en general. En dicho proyecto se afrontaron, al menos, tres conjuntos de problemas: las discusiones y acciones respecto de la activación patrimonial de artefactos informáticos; la vinculación entre el debate académico sobre las historias de la informática nacional, su enseñanza y comunicación pública; y, finalmente, el cruce entre la historia, la memoria y los procesos de patrimonialización en el marco de la democratización del conocimiento sobre la informática.

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an extension university project entitled “Tecno-History MDQ II. The Museíto informático de la EESTN3” promotes the construction of a small historical-educational museum of national informatics with artefacts that are oriented to school audiences and the general public. These artefacts are considering as a pedagogical device, with the aim to recover his value. In this extension project, at least three sets of problems were addressed: the discussions and actions regarding the heritage activation of computer artefacts; the link between the academic debate on the history of national computing, its teaching and public communication; and, finally, the intersection between history, memory and heritage processes in the framework of the democratisation of knowledge about computing.

RESUMO O trabalho apresenta os resultados do projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Tecno-História MDQ II. O Museu da Informática EESTN3” e promove a construção de um pequeno museu histórico-educativo da informático nacional com artefatos que - valorizados como dispositivo pedagógico - se destinam ao público escolar e ao público em geral. Neste projeto foram enfrentados pelo menos três conjuntos de problemas: as discussões e ações relativas à ativação patrimonial de artefatos informáticos; a ligação entre o debate acadêmico sobre as histórias da informática nacional, seu ensino e comunicação pública; e, por fim, a intersecção entre história, memória e processos patrimoniais no quadro da democratização do conhecimento sobre a informática.

ABSTRACT This article describes the Economic Control Studies (Degree courses) in University of Havana, founded in 1968 and part of economic system studies in Cuba in that epoch. It describes its academic antecedent. It analyzes the times of foundation. It is distinguished the designers and first teachers, the program of courses, the teachers formed in first generations of graduates, some publications and graduate students. Finally it related the evolution and ending of the studies.

RESUMEN El artículo describe la carrera universitaria de Licenciatura en Control Económico, fundada en 1968 y parte del espectro de estudios económicos en Cuba en ese entonces. Se relacionan sus antecedentes académicos; se analizan las características de la época en que se fundó; se distinguen a los diseñadores y profesores de la carrera, su currículo de disciplinas académicas, sus profesores de las primeras generaciones de graduados, algunas publicaciones que se hicieron y los alumnos que egresaron. Finalmente se relata como la carrera evolucionó hasta que se decidió sustituirla por otras más especializadas.

Resumo Este artigo busca argumentar sobre as contribuições da área de conhecimento e produção de Arte Computacional para o desenvolvimento de projetos de arquitetura residencial. O objetivo é identificar estratégias criativas de design capazes de contribuir com a especulação espacial. Dentre as contribuições possíveis, dá-se ênfase a estrutura de dueto e a qualidade contingente presente em parte da produção de Arte Computacional com foco em interatividade. Metodologicamente, a teoria foi corroborada por revisão de literatura, e apresentação de duas aplicações em estado inicial de desenvolvimento, pensadas para auxiliar nas etapas iniciais de projetos de residências. As aplicações possuem algoritmos de Inteligência artificial que participam ativamente na geração de possibilidades, e o arquiteto interage com esses sistemas via participação ativa e reativa. O resultado do dueto possui influência computacional e agenciamento humano. Dessa estrutura de trabalho, observa-se um possível aumento na criatividade do arquiteto, já que esses programas o incentivam a pensar, numa relação de parceria, como aconteceria em um dueto entre arquitetos.

Abstract This article seeks to argue about the contributions of the area of knowledge and production of Computational Art to the development of residential architecture projects. The goal is to identify creative design strategies capable of contributing to spatial speculation. Among the possible contributions, emphasis is placed on the duet structure and the contingent quality present in part of the Computational Art production, with a focus on interactivity. Methodologically, the theory was corroborated by a literature review, and presentation of two applications in the initial stage of development, designed to assist in the initial stages of residential projects. The applications have Artificial Intelligence algorithms that actively participate in generating possibilities, and the architect interacts with these systems via active and reactive participation. The result of the duet has computational influence and human agency. From this work structure, a possible increase in the architect's creativity can be observed, as these programs encourage him to think, in a partnership relationship, as would happen in a duet between architects.

Abstract: In the present landscape of cloud computing, the effective scheduling of tasks stands as a pivotal element in optimizing the operational efficiency of distributed systems. This paper conducts a thorough and comparative examination of recent trends and progress within this vital and ever-evolving domain. By meticulously reviewing crucial performance metrics and critically analyzing state-of-the-art methodologies, we present a comprehensive overview of Cloud Task Scheduling. We emphasize the shift towards multi-objective strategies, mirroring the escalating complexity and diversity witnessed in cloud environments. Employing innovative approaches and illustrative case studies, we delve into the practical implementation of prominent algorithms, including L A B C, MaOEA-SIN, and MALO. The detailed analysis not only underscores their efficacy in real-world contexts but also pinpoints areas ripe for enhancement and adaptation within multi-cloud settings. Beyond offering an in-depth understanding of the latest developments in Cloud Task Scheduling, this article endeavors to stimulate collaboration and discourse within the academic and professional community. We aim to ignite future advancements, thereby contributing to the sustained growth of this strategic and dynamic field.

Abstract: A deep neural network is a branch of machine learning that is capable of learning and representing complex patterns from a dataset through interconnected multiple layers of neurons. This capability makes it applicable in various fields, such as natural language processing, image processing, and computer vision. Deep learning models show effective performance but face challenges such as complexity and resource demands. On the other hand, quantum machine learning algorithms offer an alternative with potential efficiency compared to their classical counterparts. This paper proposes a Quantum Recurrent Neural Network (QRNN) for natural language processing tasks, which classify text data such as parts of speech, named entity recognition, and sentiment analysis. The proposed method utilizes parameterized quantum circuits that contain the tunable parameters. Our approach uses amplitude encoding to represent classical data into quantum states, partial measurement for label determination, and ancilla qubits to transfer the information from the current state to the next.

RESUMEN La investigación centró su estudio en la formación desde la alfabetización informacional, de competencias informacionales e investigativas en el profesional de las Ciencias Informáticas. El estudio destaca la importancia de desarrollar competencias informacionales integradas a las investigativas en los estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado en un mundo, cada vez más, basado en la tecnología y la información y desplegar acciones de investigación, desarrollo e innovación que contribuyan al desarrollo social. La experiencia surge a partir de insatisfacciones constatadas en las memorias escritas de diferentes trabajos de curso, diplomas, extraclases y tesinas, así como en las exposiciones de diferentes ejercicios de evaluación final. A tales efectos, se propone un conjunto de acciones para contribuir al desarrollo de competencias informacionales e investigativas que parten de un diagnóstico de necesidades, debilidades y fortalezas que revelan las particularidades de los estudiantes que cursan estudios en la modalidad semipresencial en el Centro de Estudio de Tecnologías y Sistemas. Como resultados se presentan, además, el diseño temático de los cursos aplicados como asignatura optativa en el pregrado y diplomado en la formación continua del profesional. La propuesta fue valorada mediante la consulta a especialistas con resultados positivos, e introducida en la práctica educativa donde se evidenciaron sus posibilidades de transformación.

ABSTRACT The research focused its study on the training from information literacy, informational and investigative skills in the Information Science professional. The study highlights the importance of developing informational skills integrated with research in undergraduate and graduate students in a world increasingly based on technology and information, and deploying research, development and innovation actions that contribute to social development. The experience arises from dissatisfactions verified in the written memories of different course work, diplomas, extraclasses and dissertations, as well as in the presentations of different final evaluation exercises. To this end, a set of actions is proposed to contribute to the development of informational and investigative competencies that start from a diagnosis of needs, weaknesses, and strengths that reveal the particularities of students who study in the blended modality at the Center for the Study of Technologies and Systems. As results are also presented, the thematic design of the courses applied as an optional subject in the undergraduate and graduate in the continuous training of the professional. The proposal was evaluated by consulting specialists with positive results, and introduced into educational practice where its possibilities for transformation were evident.

The training of creative computer professionals is considered a strategic process in different countries as it is essential for the informatization of society. This article proposes an approach to the creative learning of computer science for the digital transformation of modern society. The objective of the research was to evaluate the creative learning of computer science during the training of computer professionals. An instrument derived from previous research and metrics was applied to evaluate creative learning in the two groups of terminal years of the Computer Engineering career at the University of Matanzas, Cuba, with a mixed paradigm. Quantitative analyses diagnosed the predominant learning in the career that offer elements to managers to make decisions. The qualitative analyses made it possible to unveil the four stages of formation of creative learning of computer science in the career: pre-university stage, basic stage, professional stage and research stage. In addition, three key factors in the formation of creative learning of computer science were obtained: the integration of subjects, the solution of real projects and the emotional support of teachers and other professionals to students during their insertion in the computerization of organizations.

La formación de profesionales informáticos creativos se considera como un proceso estratégico en diferentes países al resultar esencial para la informatización de la sociedad. El presente artículo plantea un acercamiento al aprendizaje creativo de la informática para la transformación digital de la sociedad moderna. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el aprendizaje creativo de la informática durante la formación de profesionales informáticos. Se aplicó un instrumento derivado de investigaciones anteriores y métricas para evaluar el aprendizaje creativo en los dos grupos de años terminales de la carrera de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba, con un paradigma mixto. Los análisis cuantitativos diagnosticaron el aprendizaje predominante en la carrera que ofrecen elementos a los directivos para tomar decisiones. Por su parte, los análisis cualitativos permitieron develar las cuatro etapas de formación del aprendizaje creativo de la informática en la carrera: etapa preuniversitaria, etapa básica, etapa profesional y etapa de investigación. Además, permitieron obtener tres factores claves en la formación del aprendizaje creativo de la informática: la integración de asignaturas, la solución de proyectos reales y el acompañamiento emocional de los profesores y otros profesionales a los estudiantes durante su inserción en la informatización de organizaciones.

A formação de profissionais criativos da informática é considerada um processo estratégico em diversos países por ser essencial para a informatização da sociedade. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem da aprendizagem criativa da computação para a transformação digital da sociedade moderna. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a aprendizagem criativa da computação durante a formação de profissionais de TI. Um instrumento derivado de pesquisas e métricas anteriores foi aplicado para avaliar a aprendizagem criativa nas duas turmas de anos terminais do curso de Engenharia da Computação da Universidade de Matanzas, Cuba, com paradigma misto. As análises quantitativas diagnosticaram os aprendizados predominantes na carreira que oferecem elementos aos gestores para a tomada de decisões. Por sua vez, as análises qualitativas permitiram revelar as quatro fases de formação da aprendizagem criativa da informática na carreira: fase pré-universitária, fase básica, fase profissional e fase de investigação. Além disso, permitiram obter três fatores fundamentais na formação da aprendizagem criativa da informática: a integração das disciplinas, a solução de projetos reais e o apoio emocional de professores e demais profissionais aos alunos durante sua inserção na informatização das organizações.