ABSTRACT Introduction: the constant monitoring of environmental hygiene and, fundamentally, of water conditions, contributes to the good health of the population. That is why the use of information and communication technologies in the management of these processes is justified, responding to the need to reverse the continuous growth of the volume of information stored and to protect documents from loss and deterioration. Objective: to develop the Information Architecture for the Management of Communal and Water Hygiene at the Luis Augusto Turcios Lima University Polyclinic. Methods: research of Technological Innovation where the methodology of software development for Extreme Programming was followed, and applying theoretical and empirical methods for the analysis, review and modeling of the processes to be computerized. Results: it was found that the informatics proposal was based on managing the information of the different medical services, serving as a tool to help organize the system and provide more efficiency. Conclusions: information Architecture was developed through a computer prototype that avoids the accumulation of personnel who come to the institutions in search of answers to questions directed to knowledge or orientation for a given problem in terms of community projection.

RESUMEN Introducción: el monitoreo constante de la higiene ambiental y fundamentalmente de las condiciones del agua, contribuye al buen estado de salud de la población. Es por ello que se justifica el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la gestión de estos procesos, respondiendo a la necesidad de revertir el crecimiento continuo del volumen de información almacenado y proteger los documentos de la pérdida y el deterioro. Objetivo: desarrollar la Arquitectura de Información para la Gestión de la Higiene Comunal y de Agua en el Policlínico Universitario Luis Augusto Turcios Lima. Métodos: investigación de Innovación Tecnológica donde se siguió la metodología de desarrollo de software para Programación Extrema, y aplicando métodos teóricos y empíricos para el análisis, revisión y modelación de los procesos objetos de informatización. Resultados: se constató que la propuesta informática estaba basada en gestionar la información de los diferentes servicios médicos, sirviendo como herramienta para ayudar a organizar el sistema y proporcionar más eficiencia. Conclusiones: se desarrolló la Arquitectura de Información a través de un prototipo informático que evita el cumulo de personal que acude a las instituciones en busca de respuesta a preguntas dirigidas al conocimiento u orientación para una problemática determinada en función de la proyección comunitaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: technology is an integral part of daily life in society, with universities playing a central role. In public health, information literacy aims for sustainability in processes, and postgraduate education is a fundamental guideline in Cuban higher education, focused on promoting continued education for university graduates. Objective: to develop the Information Architecture for managing the information of the postgraduate department of the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna." Methods: the research involves the development of a computer tool to assist in managing postgraduate information. The dialectical-materialist method is employed, with constant use of the induction-deduction and analysis-synthesis procedures. Extreme Programming is adopted as the methodology for software analysis and design stages, Unified Modeling Language (UML) and StarUML for artifact modeling, and Axure Rp for creating the prototype of the computer application. Results: it facilitated the computerization of services provided by the postgraduate department of the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" faculty, organizing graduate information using digital technology. Conclusions: a computer prototype was developed for postgraduate department employees and graduates, enabling them to manage the processes of assigning different modalities of postgraduate improvement.

RESUMEN Introducción: la tecnología forma parte de la vida diaria en la sociedad. Donde está involucrada la universidad como epicentro de la sociedad. En la salud publica, la alfabetización informacional persigue la sostenibilidad en los procesos; siendo la educación de posgrado una de las directrices fundamentales de trabajo de la educación superior en Cuba, enfocado a promocionar la educación continuada de los graduados universitarios. Objetivo: desarrollar la Arquitectura de Información para la gestión de la información del departamento de postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”. Métodos: la investigación obedece al desarrollo de una herramienta informática que permite ayudar a gestionar la información de superación postgraduada. Para la ejecución de las tareas se asume el método dialéctico-materialista, con la utilización constante de los procedimientos: inducción-deducción y análisis-síntesis, utilizando la Programación Extrema como metodología para el desarrollo de las etapas de análisis y diseño del software; el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado y StarUML la herramienta para la modelación de los artefactos y el Axure Rp para elaborar el prototipo de la aplicación informática. Resultados: permitió informatizar los servicios brindados por el departamento de postgrado de la facultad “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”, organizar la información de los egresados utilizando para ello tecnología digital. Conclusiones: se desarrolló un prototipo informático para los trabajadores del departamento de posgrado y egresados, la cual les permita gestionar los procesos de asignación de las diferentes modalidades de superación posgraduada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the medical record is the most important legal document in healthcare management, systematically reflecting the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the patient. The creation of the electronic medical record at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home benefits both the patient and the professional due to the security and confidence it provides. Objective: to develop the architecture for managing the information of medical records at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home in Pinar del Río. Methods: the research is based on observation, interviews with those involved in the processes, and document review, incorporating technological innovation using Extreme Programming as the methodology for software analysis and design stages. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and StarUML are employed for artifact modeling, and Axure Rp is used to create the prototype of the computer application. Results: it allowed the analysis, management, and decision-making in all patient entry processes related to medical records in the nursing home. Conclusions: a prototype was developed that facilitated the evaluation of the computer application with the doctors before its implementation, ensuring its alignment with the proposed objective.

RESUMEN Introducción: la historia clínica es el documento legal de mayor importancia en la gestión médica asistencial, donde se reflejan, de forma sistemática, los aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales del enfermo. Con la creación de la Historia Clínica electrónica del Hogar de Ancianos se beneficia el paciente y el profesional por la seguridad y confianza que genera. Objetivo: desarrollar la arquitectura para la gestión de la información de las historias clínicas, en el Hogar de Ancianos “Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco” de Pinar del Río. Métodos: investigación apoyada en la observación, la entrevista con los implicados en los procesos y la revisión de documentos, siendo la misma de innovación tecnológica utilizando la Programación Extrema como metodología para el desarrollo de las etapas de análisis y diseño del software; el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado y StarUML la herramienta para la modelación de los artefactos y el Axure Rp para elaborar el prototipo de la aplicación informática. Resultados: permitió analizar, gestionar y toma de decisiones en todos los procesos de entrada al paciente que se realiza con relación a la historia clínica en el hogar de anciano. Conclusiones: se desarrolló un prototipo que facilitó la evaluación de la aplicación informática, con los médicos, antes de su implementación, garantizando que la misma integre el objetivo propuesto.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the dynamics of the double pendulum, with a particular emphasis on its chaotic behavior. It examines the complicated and unpredictable behavior of the double pendulum. It highlights the pedagogical value of the double pendulum as it bridges concepts across physics, mathematics, and computer science, providing a tangible demonstration of chaotic dynamics. Numerical methods, such as the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method, estimate solutions to the autonomous Hamiltonian equations that govern a system. We simulate the motion of a double pendulum, enabling the visualization of intricate trajectories and the analysis of emerging patterns with the Python and Fortran programming languages. We discuss the importance of Poincaré’s maps and the Lyapunov exponents in characterizing and quantifying the rate at which trajectories diverge in phase space to elucidate the chaotic nature of the system. The educational significance of the double pendulum is emphasized in teaching key concepts in Classical Mechanics, Differential Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Numerical Methods for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We also explore the interdisciplinary teaching opportunities presented by the double pendulum. physics mathematics science methods 4thorder thorder 4th order th RungeKutta Runge Kutta method system languages Poincarés Poincaré s Mechanics Calculus Algebra ODEs. ODEs . (ODEs) (ODEs

Abstract Undergraduate arts and design programs have been incorporating computing education into their curricula. Through a documentation analysis of the first cycle (i.e., bachelor’s) curricula offered by the Portuguese public education subsystem in the 2018-19 academic year, we identified 40 programs from diverse artistic and design areas, attended by around 5,600 students, which contained at least one course covering computer programming. In a subsequent qualitative analysis of the syllabi of those 128 courses we had identified as relevant, we characterized the objectives, the contents, and the teaching and assessment methods for computing in higher arts education. In the face of the skepticism the literature expresses regarding the validity and robustness of brief approaches to computing, we found most undergraduate programs dedicate few courses or credits (i.e., ECTS) to the topic. We also found programs that introduce the topic late in the curriculum, at a stage when it is likely to meet less dedication from the students. At course level, we note the prevalence of the objective of granting autonomous learning skills to students, which often translates into contents too broad to approach in a non-superficial way. Moreover, we alert to the use of project-based assessment methods in ways that do not assure learning of the contents. With this article we hope to provide an overview of the current situation and contribute to a reflection and a debate about the relevance and the way computing is covered within arts and design education. i.e., ie i e (i.e. bachelors bachelor s bachelor’s 201819 2018 19 2018-1 year 4 areas 5600 5 600 5,60 students programming 12 relevant objectives ECTS curriculum level nonsuperficial non superficial Moreover projectbased project based i.e. (i.e 20181 201 1 2018- 560 60 5,6 i.e 20 56 6 5, 2

Resumo Os cursos de graduação em artes e design têm vindo a incorporar o ensino da computação nos seus programas de estudo. Por meio de uma análise documental dos currículos de 1º ciclo oferecidos pelo subsistema de ensino público de Portugal no ano letivo 2018-19, identificamos 40 cursos de diversas áreas artísticas e de design, frequentados por cerca de 5.600 estudantes, que abordavam a programação de computadores em pelo menos uma unidade curricular. Numa subsequente análise qualitativa das fichas das 128 unidades que identificamos como relevantes, procedemos a uma caracterização dos objetivos, dos conteúdos e dos métodos de avaliação e de ensino da computação no ensino superior artístico. Perante o ceticismo, expresso na literatura, sobre a validade e a robustez de abordagens breves ao tema da computação, notamos que parte dos cursos lhe dedica poucas unidades ou créditos. Encontramos, ainda, cursos em que o tema é introduzido numa fase avançada do currículo, em que é provável uma menor dedicação dos estudantes. Ao nível das unidades curriculares, notamos a prevalência do objetivo de capacitar os estudantes para uma aprendizagem autônoma, que se traduz frequentemente em conteúdos demasiado extensos para uma abordagem não superficial. Alertamos, ainda, para o uso de métodos de avaliação por meio da realização de projetos que não asseguram a aprendizagem dos conteúdos. Esperamos, com este artigo, prestar um ponto de situação e dar um contributo para a reflexão e para o debate sobre a relevância e sobre a forma como a computação é abordada no ensino das artes e do design. estudo º 201819, 201819 2018 19, 19 2018-19 4 5600 5 600 5.60 curricular 12 relevantes objetivos artístico ceticismo literatura créditos Encontramos ainda currículo curriculares autônoma superficial Alertamos Esperamos artigo 20181 201 1 2018-1 560 60 5.6 20 2018- 56 6 5. 2

O uso de simulações computacionais que representam experimentos reais de física médica é uma alternativa para diminuir custos e proporcionar uma maior variedade de experimentos que utilizam radiações ionizantes. O laboratório virtual permite explorar uma série de conceitos de maneira semelhante aos abordados experimentalmente, possibilitando utilizar uma infinidade de fontes, materiais e detectores sem agregar custos. Além disso, as simulações computacionais permitem explorar aspectos inatingíveis com os experimentos reais. Este artigo descreve a implementação de um Laboratório Virtual de Física Médica que, através de interfaces gráficas intuitivas, roteiros guiados e contextualização histórica explora experimentos de física médica amplamente utilizados nas áreas da medicina nuclear, radiodiagnóstico e radioterapia. Como exemplo, apresentamos o experimento de atenuação da radiação (raios X e gama) com a matéria. Os experimentos foram implementados através da linguagem de programação Python. A interface gráfica foi desenvolvida através do framework Streamlit. O uso do Laboratório Virtual de Física Médica tem se mostrado uma ferramenta alternativa para alinhar o ensino prático ao teórico. ionizantes experimentalmente fontes disso intuitivas nuclear radioterapia exemplo raios gama matéria Python Streamlit teórico

The use of computer simulations that represent real experiments in medical physics is an alternative to reduce costs and provide a greater variety of experiments involving ionizing radiation. The virtual laboratory allows the exploration of a range of concepts in a similar manner to experimental approaches, enabling the utilization of a multitude of sources, materials, and detectors without incurring additional costs. Furthermore, computer simulations allow the exploration of aspects that are unattainable with real experiments. This article describes the implementation of a Virtual Medical Physics Laboratory that, through intuitive graphical interfaces, guided scripts, and historical context, explores widely used experiments in the areas of nuclear medicine, radiodiagnostics, and radiotherapy. As an example, we present the experiment on radiation attenuation (X-rays and gamma rays) with matter. The experiments were implemented using the Python programming language. The graphical interface was developed using the Streamlit framework. The use of the Virtual Medical Physics Laboratory has proven to be an alternative tool for bridging the gap between practical and theoretical teaching. approaches sources materials Furthermore interfaces scripts context medicine radiodiagnostics radiotherapy example Xrays X rays matter language framework teaching

Abstract The determination of the physical properties of grains is laborious work and subject to subjectivities. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an automated method to measure the characteristic dimensions of soybean grains through digital images. Images of whole grains were captured and through them, the width, length, projected area, and perimeter of 50 grains were analyzed Using a computer application using Python programming language. The measurements for the grains obtained by the application were compared with those determined using a digital caliper. A Bland-Altman test was applied for the variables of width, length, and circularity, in which satisfactory results were obtained for the variable length, in which the method of obtaining measurements by digital images was not statistically different from the caliper method, making them equivalents. The width and circularity variables did not show equivalence, however, most of the data are within the 95% confidence interval. The variables of projected area and perimeter and the agreement between the data were analyzed employing an ANOVA followed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The projected area variable did not differ significantly according to the methods used in the experiment, while the perimeter differed only for the method in which OpenCV library functions were used. subjectivities Therefore length 5 language BlandAltman Bland Altman equivalents equivalence however 95 interval probability experiment 9

ABSTRACT Advanced visualization techniques allow relevant information to be presented in the right format and at the right time through visual interfaces so that operations can be executed efficiently. These techniques help prevent errors and misinterpretations that could lead to insecurity situations or equipment failures. They constitute one of the most relevant techniques in the field of computing, in many cases using specialized hardware such as Small Plate Computers. They are characterized by their low cost, high performance and lower power consumption compared to conventional computers. This can lead to an efficient result and at a lower cost. The main contribution of this work is a software capable of checking and visually representing the technical status of the autopilot of an aircraft using the Lattepanda V1 single board computer. For the solution, parallel programming methods were used with Thread in Visual Studio and .Net with Framework 4.5, which contributed to the efficient use of SBC resources and increased economic profitability compared to personal computers.

RESUMEN Las avanzadas técnicas de visualización permiten que la información relevante se presente en el formato y en el momento adecuado por medio de interfaces visuales para que las operaciones se ejecuten de forma eficiente. Estas técnicas ayudan a prevenir errores y malas interpretaciones que podrían conducir a situaciones de inseguridad o fallos en los equipos. Las mismas constituyen una de las técnicas más relevantes dentro del campo de la informática, en muchos casos empleando hardware especializados como son las Computadoras de Placas Reducidas. Se caracterizan por su bajo costo, alto rendimiento y menor consumo de potencia con respecto a las computadoras convencionales. Lo que puede propiciar un resultado eficiente y con un menor costo. La principal contribución de este trabajo es un software capaz de comprobar y representar visualmente el estado técnico del autopiloto de una aeronave empleando el computador de placa reducida Lattepanda V1. Para la solución se empleó métodos de programación paralela con Thread en Visual Studio y .Net con el Framework 4.5, lo que contribuyó al uso eficiencia de los recursos del SBC y aumentó la rentabilidad económica en comparación con las computadoras personales.

Abstract. - Currently, dependence on fossil resources continues to dominate, even with the economic-environmental impacts that they generate; Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the production and use of renewable, affordable and sustainable sources. In this sense, this work focuses on developing solar thermal simulation software for the evaluation of low-cost and low environmental impact materials that can be used in solar heaters or thermal accumulators. Optimizing the use of stone, organic materials and those available locally with optothermal properties of high absorption and great thermal residence, to use them as containers for solar thermal energy. In this way, a desktop application has been developed in the Python programming language to simulate the absorbance and thermal accumulation of materials with the aforementioned characteristics using properties such as ambient temperature of the test site, solar absorbance, thermal conductivity and mass of the material. This software aims to make experimental processes more efficient, reducing economic, technological and material resources, by having a model of the thermal physics of solar thermal accumulation in natural materials, predicting their energy behavior without the need to build full-scale prototypes. Finally, it has been proven that the developed simulator provides a much more dynamic and easy-to-interpret analysis with easily obtained statistical data. That is, it allows not only the curve to be observed but also provides the dispersion of a continuous system of values, which can help to infer research data with greater simplicity and effectiveness on the optical and thermal properties of the materials studied. However, the development of the computer program can be improved, so it maintains a free access and open-source scheme.

Resumen. - Actualmente, la dependencia a los recursos fósiles sigue dominando, aún con los impactos económico-ambientales que estos generan; por lo que es necesario incentivar la producción y uso de fuentes renovables, asequibles y sustentables. En este sentido, el presente trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar un software de simulación termosolar para la evaluación de materiales de bajo costo y bajo impacto ambiental que puedan ser utilizados en calentadores solares o acumuladores térmicos. Optimizando el uso de materiales pétreos, orgánicos y aquellos disponibles localmente con propiedades optotérmicas de alta absorción y gran residencia térmica, para utilizarlos como contenedores de energía termosolar. De este modo, se ha desarrollado una aplicación de escritorio en lenguaje de programación Python, para simular la absortancia y acumulación térmica de materiales con las características mencionadas utilizando propiedades como temperatura ambiente del lugar de prueba, absortancia solar, conductividad térmica y masa del material. Este software pretende eficientar los procesos experimentales, reduciendo recursos económicos, tecnológicos y materiales, al contar con un modelo de la física térmica de acumulación termosolar en materiales naturales, prediciendo su comportamiento energético sin la necesidad de construir prototipos a escala real. Finalmente, se ha comprobado que el simulador desarrollado, proporciona un análisis mucho más dinámico y fácil de interpretar con datos estadísticos de fácil obtención. Es decir, permite observar no solo la curva sino también proporciona la dispersión de un sistema continuo de valores, el cual puede ayudar a inferir los datos de una investigación con mayor sencillez y efectividad sobre las propiedades ópticas y térmicas de los materiales estudiados. No obstante, el desarrollo del programa computacional puede ser mejorado, por lo que mantiene un esquema de libre acceso y código abierto.

ABSTRACT This article explores the representation of digital information flow in three works of Latin American digital literature: Unicode by Michael Hurtado (2019), Untitled Document by Ciro Múseres (2005), and Canción de Unicode by Canek Zapata (2017). In these literary artifacts, there is a mixture between human language and the symbolic configuration of computer programming languages, from which it is possible to think of a reformulation of the forms of encoding and decoding. This transformation of language brings, as a consequence, the introduction of new perceptive experiences of time, visible through two discursive axes: speed and verticality as structures that account for the temporal complexity of the digital infosphere.

RESUMEN El presente artículo explora la representación del flujo de información digital, en tres obras de literatura digital latinoamericana: Unicode de Michael Hurtado (2019), Untitled Document de Ciro Múseres (2005), y Canción de Unicode de Canek Zapata (2017). En estos artefactos literarios se presenta una mixtura entre el lenguaje humano y la configuración sígnica propia de los lenguajes de programación informáticos; desde lo cual es posible pensar una reformulación de las formas de codificación y decodificación. Esta transformación del lenguaje trae como consecuencia la introducción de nuevas experiencias perceptivas del tiempo, las cuales son visibles a través de dos ejes discursivos: la velocidad y la verticalidad como estructuras que dan cuenta de la complejidad temporal de la infoesfera digital.

Resumen En los últimos años, han surgido numerosas iniciativas para desarrollar el pensamiento computacional. El pensamiento computacional y la programación están estrechamente vinculados dado que ambos son un medio para trabajar con conceptos algorítmicos. Las TICs y en particular los programas computacionales con orientación lúdica para la enseñanza de la programación son relevantes dado que tienen cuenta aspectos vinculados al entorno educativo. El aprendizaje basado en juegos es un complemento que permite aprovechar el componente lúdico de los juegos para formar el pensamiento computacional y, por lo tanto, diversas habilidades. Scratch es una de las herramientas más utilizadas para enseñar programación, mediante lenguajes de programación visuales y lúdicosque busca promover habilidades computacionales que involucran la resolución de problemas, a través del aprendizaje activo y constructivo. En este estudio se analizan los fundamentos teóricos de la programación estructurada en función de conceptos informáticos simples como el manejo de secuencias, instrucciones de control como bucles y condicionales, y su adecuación mediante Scratch. Para este artículo, se presenta un análisis cualitativo, sustentado en una investigación descriptiva. Los hallazgos parciales aquí sugieren la pertinencia del uso de videojuegos en el marco de la formación del pensamiento computacional. Se abre la posibilidad de pensar en usos extendidos a otros juegos interactivos como Lightbot, PilasEngine, Pilas Bloques.

Abstract In recent years, numerous initiatives have emerged to develop computational thinking. Computational thinking and programming are closely related they are both tools for working with algorithmic concepts. ICTs and, and specifically computer programs with a playful orientation for teaching programming are relevant since they take into consideration aspects related to the educational environment. Game-based learning is a complement that allows taking advantage of the playful component of games to train computational thinking and, therefore, various others skills. Scratch is one of the most used tools to teach programming, through visual and playful programming languages that seek to promote computational skills that involve problem solving, through active and constructive learning. In this study, theoretical foundations of structured programming are analyzed based on simple computing concepts such as handling sequences, control instructions such as loops and conditionals, and their adaptation using Scratch. For this article, a qualitative analysis is presented, supported by descriptive research. The partial findings, at this point, suggest the usefulness of applying video games to train computational thinking skills. In this way, opens the possibility of proposing extended uses of other interactive games such as Lightbot, PilasEngine, PilasBloques.

ABSTRACT The development of computer programming skills is relevant in various educational and curricular contexts. In addition, hands-on robotics, maker activities and project-based problem solving have provided relevant results for students who attend these activities. However, even with low-cost technologies and platforms such as Arduino and ESP8266, installation challenges and costs can often prevent access to these educational resources. In this sense, the Block Based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES) project was conceived at the beginning of 2020 with the objective of facilitating these activities, offering resources such as block programming, support for multiple embedded devices, and flexibility of not requiring the installation or configuration of any additional software. This article describes the operational aspects of the BIPES project and presents some aspects of its use in workshops and other activities. Currently, the project has more than 10,000 users. contexts addition handson hands on robotics projectbased based However lowcost low cost ESP8266 ESP sense (BIPES 202 devices software Currently 10000 10 000 10,00 users ESP826 20 1000 1 00 10,0 ESP82 2 100 0 10, ESP8

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de habilidades de programação de computadores é relevante em diversos contextos educacionais. As atividades práticas maker, de robótica e solução de problemas por projetos trazem resultados importantes para alunos que participam desses tipos de atividade. Entretanto, mesmo com tecnologias acessíveis, como o Arduino e o ESP8266, os custos e a dificuldade de instalação podem restringir o acesso a esses recursos educacionais. Nesse sentido, o Projeto Block Based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES) foi concebido no início do ano de 2020 com o objetivo de facilitar essas atividades, oferecendo recursos como programação por blocos, suporte a vários dispositivos embarcados e a flexibilidade de dispensar a instalação e configuração de qualquer software adicional. Este artigo descreve os aspectos operacionais do Projeto BIPES e apresenta alguns resultados do seu uso em oficinas e outras atividades. Atualmente, o projeto conta com mais de 10 mil usuários. educacionais maker atividade Entretanto acessíveis ESP8266 ESP sentido (BIPES 202 blocos adicional Atualmente 1 usuários ESP826 20 ESP82 2 ESP8

ABSTRACT Several barriers that for decades have obstructed the egalitarian advancement of computing teaching in schools are not exclusive to Brazilian reality. As a counterpoint, this article looks at the United Kingdom context and the transformation needs also identified there regarding teaching computing to school-age children. In view of this analysis, an updated vision for computing teaching is proposed that is broader in the concept of technological artifact, instead of the computer seen only as a means in which pedagogical resources are used, privileges the design and demands of the context of use, rather than the focus on logic, algorithm or programming and it relates to different areas of knowledge. In the end, the article presents simple suggestions for teachers who intend to teach computing in a way that children perceive tech. reality counterpoint schoolage school age analysis artifact used use logic knowledge end tech

RESUMO Muitas barreiras que há décadas obstruem o avanço igualitário do ensino da computação nas escolas não são exclusivas à realidade brasileira. Como contraponto, neste artigo, olha-se para o contexto do Reino Unido e para as necessidades de transformação também identificadas no ensino de computação para crianças em idade escolar no país. Diante dessa análise, propõe-se uma visão atualizada para o ensino de computação que é mais ampla no conceito de artefato tecnológico em vez do computador visto apenas como um meio no qual são usados recursos pedagógicos, que privilegia o design e as demandas do contexto de uso em vez do foco na lógica, no algoritmo ou na programação e se relaciona com diversas áreas do conhecimento. Ao final, sugestões simples são deixadas aos professores que têm a intenção de ensinar computação de forma que as crianças percebam a tecnologia como parte do seu contexto social e consigam criar soluções para problemas reais presentes no cotidiano delas. brasileira contraponto artigo olhase olha país análise propõese propõe pedagógicos lógica conhecimento final delas

Abstract: Since 2020, the incorporation of “programming education” into all elementary school subjects in Japan has raised questions about its implications in areas such as music education. This study aims to contextualize that reform in the history of music education in Japan, as well as to examine its key concepts on the basis of Japanese curricular guidelines and reports on its implementation in music. Findings suggest that, while the moralizing intent of the music curriculum remains, incorporating programming may have favored exploratory learning with software, alongside the adoption of computer science jargon in music activities. However, it may also outline new roles for music as a subject in the school curriculum. In that context, music would serve human resource development needs for the realization of Society 5.0, one of Japan’s latest socioeconomic goals.

Resumen: Al incorporarse la “educación en programación” en cada una de las asignaturas del nivel primario en Japón desde 2020, han surgido interrogantes sobre sus implicaciones en áreas como la educación musical. Esta investigación tiene por objetivos contextualizar dicha reforma en el marco de la historia de la educación musical en Japón y examinar sus conceptos clave con base en documentos curriculares e informes sobre la programación en Música en ese país. Los resultados sugieren que si bien persiste el carácter moralizante que ha revestido la asignatura en Japón desde sus orígenes, integrar la programación propiciaría, sobre todo, modalidades de aprendizaje exploratorio con software y la adopción de términos informáticos en actividades de Música. No obstante, también podría delinear nuevos roles para esta área en el currículo. Lo musical, entonces, resultaría instrumental en el desarrollo de recursos humanos para la sociedad 5.0, modelo socioeconómico proclamado recientemente en Japón.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El enfoque de aprendizaje colaborativo asistido por computadora (CSCL) integra la inteligencia artificial (IA) para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje a través de la colaboración y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs). En este sentido, se podrían diseñar estrategias innovadoras y efectivas para el aprendizaje de la programación de computadoras. Este artículo presenta un estudio sistemático de mapeo de los años 2009 a 2021, el cual muestra cómo la integración del CSCL y la IA apoya el proceso de aprendizaje en cursos de programación. Metodología: Este estudio se realizó mediante una revisión de datos proveniente de distintas fuentes bibliográficas como Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect y repositorios de la plataforma GitHub. El trabajo emplea un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, en el cual los resultados se representan a través de mapas tecnológicos que muestran los siguientes aspectos: i) los lenguajes de programación utilizados para el desarrollo de software de CSCL e IA; ii) la tecnología de software CSCL y la evolución de la IA; y iii) las clasificaciones, los temas de investigación, las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y las estrategias de CSCL de la ACM. Resultados: Los resultados de esta investigación ayudan a entender los beneficios y retos de usar el enfoque de CSCL e IA para el aprendizaje de la programación de computadoras, identificando algunas estrategias y herramientas para mejorar el proceso en cursos de programación (e.g., La implementación de estrategias del enfoque CSCL utilizadas para formar grupos, de otras para evaluar y de otras para brindar retroalimentación); así como para monitorear el proceso y medir los resultados de los estudiantes utilizando jueces virtuales para la evaluación automática del código, identificación de perfiles, análisis de código, simulación de profesores, actividades de aprendizaje activo y entornos interactivos, entre otros. Sin embargo, aún hay preguntas investigación por resolver para cada proceso. Conclusiones: Este trabajo discute la integración del CSCL y la IA para mejorar el aprendizaje en cursos de programación y cómo esta apoya el proceso educativo de los estudiantes. Ningún modelo integra el enfoque CSCL con técnicas de IA, lo cual permite implementar actividades de aprendizaje y, al mismo tiempo, observar y analizar la evolución del sistema y de la manera en que sus usuarios (estudiantes) mejoran sus habilidades de aprendizaje con respecto a la programación. Adicionalmente, las diferentes herramientas encontradas en este artículo podrían ser exploradas por profesores e instituciones, o podrían desarrollarse nuevas tecnologías a partir de ellas.

ABSTRACT Objective: The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) approach integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the learning process through collaboration and information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this sense, innovative and effective strategies could be designed for learning computer programming. This paper presents a systematic mapping study from 2009 to 2021, which shows how the integration of CSCL and AI supports the learning process in programming courses. Methodology: This study was conducted by reviewing data from different bibliographic sources such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect, and repositories of the GitHub platform. It employs a quantitative methodological approach, where the results are represented through technological maps that show the following aspects: i) the programming languages used for CSCL and AI software development; ii) CSCL software technology and the evolution of AI; and iii) the ACM classifications, research topics, artificial intelligence techniques, and CSCL strategies. Results: The results of this research help to understand the benefits and challenges of using the CSCL and AI approach for learning computer programming, identifying some strategies and tools to improve the process in programming courses (e.g., the implementation of the CSCL approach strategies used to form groups, others to evaluate, and others to provide feedback); as well as to control the process and measure student results, using virtual judges for automatic code evaluation, profile identification, code analysis, teacher simulation, active learning activities, and interactive environments, among others. However, for each process, there are still open research questions. Conclusions: This work discusses the integration of CSCL and AI to enhance learning in programming courses and how it supports students' education process. No model integrates the CSCL approach with AI techniques, which allows implementing learning activities and, at the same time, observing and analyzing the evolution of the system and how its users (students) improve their learning skills with regard to programming. In addition, the different tools found in this paper could be explored by professors and institutions, or new technologies could be developed from them.